Samuwa Da Bunkasar Rubutattun Gajerun Labaran Hausa

Mujaheed, Abdullahi (2025). “Samuwa da Bunƙasar Rubutattun Gajerun Labaran Hausa” Himmaa: Journal of Contemporary Hausa Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1 August, 2025. Department of Nigerian Languages Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina. Pg 63-77, ISSN: 2276-6685

SAMUWA DA BUNƘASAR RUBUTATTUN GAJERUN LABARAN HAUSA

Daga

Abdullahi, Mujaheed
Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya da Kimiyyar Harsuna,
Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna.
mujaheedabdullahi@gmail.com
08069299109

Tsakure

Rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa sun ratso mabambantan zanguna cikin tarihi. Sun samu tun daga lokacin da harkar ɗab’i ta kasance a hannun hukumomin inganta adabi har zuwa yanzu inda ɗaiɗaikun marubuta da ƙungiyoyi da kuma hukumomi suka ci gaba da samar da gajerun labaran Hausa. Haka kuma, duk da cewa an gudanar da nazarce-nazarce da yawa a kan rubutaccen labarin Hausa bisa manufofi daban-daban, amma har yanzu ba a sami wani nazari mai zurfi da ya daddale ginuwa da bunƙasar gajerun labaran Hausa ba. Wannan dalilin ne ya haifar da gudanar da wannan bincike domin fayyace yadda rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa suka samu kuma suka bunƙasa, tare da fito da batutuwan da suka gina su cikin zanguna mabambanta. Hanyoyin da aka bi wajen gudanar da binciken sun haɗa da tattaro matanin rubutattun gajerun labarai da karance-karance daga rubutattun bayanai da kuma tattaunawa da masana adabin Hausa da marubutan zuben Hausa. An yi amfani da fasahar zamani wajen tattaro wasu bayanai musamman a kafar intanet. Haka kuma, an yi amfani da Ra’in Gajerun Labarai (Short Story Theory) na Edgar Allen Poe (1804-1849) wajen bin diddigin tarihi da ginuwar rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa. Binciken ya gano ire-iren siffofin rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa da kuma fasalta batutuwan da suka gina su da bunƙasa su, tare da bayyana matsayinsu a rubutaccen zuben Hausa cikin zanguna uku mabambanta daga 1929 zuwa 2023.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Samuwa, Bunƙasa, Labari, Gajeren Labari.

1.0   Shimfiɗa

Labari wani zance ne da yake aukuwa tsakanin mutane ko tsakanin mutum da mutum ko wanda ya wuce tsayawa a gaisa kurum. Kusan duk wani abu da ya danganci samar da wani abu game da wani lamari mai tsawo ko gajere ana iya kiran shi labari (Sabe, 2011:42). Saboda haka, labari zai iya kasancewa bayani ne tsararre mai ma’ana wanda yake da farko da kuma ƙarshe, kuma zai iya cusa tarbiyya ko a koyi wani darasi daga cikinsa (Sabe, 2011: Shf.42).

Su labarai, musamman na adabi, sukan kasance ko dai dogaye ne da za a ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo wajen bayar da su, ko kuma wajen karanta su idan rubutattu ne, ko kuma gajeru ne waɗanda za a iya labarta su a magance ko a karance cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci. Dogayen labarai da gajerun labarai dukkansu nau’o’i ne na ƙagaggun labaran Hausa, sai dai sun sha bamban ta wasu fuskoki ko siffofi da dama.

Yawanci akan tsara rubutattun gajerun labarai ne a kan wani batu ɗaya tilo mai ƙunshe da manufa ɗaya tare da taƙaitattun taurari cikin taƙaitaccen lokaci a wani ayyanannen wuri. Irin wannan fasaha ta rubutun gajerun labarai tana da dogon tarihi a ƙasar Hausa kuma labaran suna ci gaba da ginuwa da bunƙasa, sai dai manazarta ba su mayar da hankali sosai ga bin diddigin wannan fasali ba. Babbar manufar wannan bincike ita ce bin diddigin gajerun labarai tare da fito da batutuwan da suka bunƙasa rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa.

Saboda haka, wannan takarda ta ƙunshi bayani kan rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa tun daga samuwarsu zuwa yadda suka bunƙasa da matsayin da suke ciki a wannan zamani. An kawo bayani kan ma’anar gajerun labarai da abubuwan da suka ƙunsa, sai kuma yadda suka ginu tare da bunƙasa cikin zanguna mabambanta tun daga shekarar 1929 zuwa 2023. An bayyana gudummawar hukumomi da marubuta a ɗaiɗaikunsu da ƙungiyoyinsu, sai kuma aka dubi yadda gasa ta taimaka wajen bunƙasar rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa.

2.0   Ra’in Bincike

Ra’in da aka ɗora kan wannan bincike shi ne Ra’in Gajerun Labarai (Short Story Theory), wanda Edgar Allen Poe (1804-1849) ya ɗabbaƙa a aikinsa mai suna Review of Hautherns Twice-Told Tales (1842), da kuma wasu ayyukansa guda biyu wato “The Philosophy of Composition” (1846) da “The Poetic Principle” (1850). Waɗanda suka biyo bayan Edgar Allen Poe a wannan fasali sun haɗa da Nathaniel Hawthorne (1974) da Brander Mathews (1974) da Joseph Berg Esenwein (1909) da Serwood Anderson(1974). Daga cikin manufofin wannan ra’i akwai bayyana siffofi da sigogin gajeren labari tare da bambance shi da dogon labari. Haka kuma yana fayyace gajerun labarai a matsayin nau’in adabi mai zaman kansa da kuma fito da batutuwan da suka gina gajerun labarai daga rayuwar gaskiya zuwa ƙirƙirarrun batutuwa ko abin da ke cikin zuciyar marubucin ko kuma gamaɗen waɗannan batutuwa. Wata manufar ra’in kuma ita ce bayyana fasalce-fasalcen gajerun labarai dangane da yawan kalmomi da zubi da tsarinsu da kuma adadin taurarinsu. Sai kuma siffanta yadda gajerun labarai suke ɗarsuwa da sanya shauƙi a zukatan masu karatu, cikin taƙaitawa da daidaituwa da kuma kula da yanayin jituwa tsakanin saƙo da taurari da wuri a ginin gajerun labarai (Besseler, 2011). Saboda haka, wannan ra’in yana duba batutuwan da suka shafi fasalin ayyukan adabi na gajerun labarai, kuma wannan bincike ya ƙudurci bayyana ginuwa da bunƙasar rubutattun gajerun ƙagaggun labaran Hausa ne. Don haka, wannan bincike yana da dangantaka da wannan ra’in, kuma ra’in zai iya zama mizani ga wannan aikin.

3.0   Gajeren Labari Bisa Faifai

Gajeren labari kamar yadda Natahniel Hawthrone ya ruwaito cikin aikinsa mai suna Natahniel Hawthrone Tale (1974), cewa, Edgar Allen Poe ya ce gajeren labari yana nufin:

“Gajeren labarin zube ne wanda yake buƙatar rabin sa’a zuwa sa’a ɗaya ko biyu wajen karantawa, wanda aka gina domin isar da wani saƙo ɗaya tal wanda aka tsara a taƙaice” (Fassarar mai bincike).

Ke nan, gajeren labari kamar yadda Ridout da Stuart (1968: shf. xix) suka jaddada:

“Daidaitaccen aikin zube ne wanda yawanci bai wuce kalmomi dubu goma ba kuma yake ƙunshe da batutuwan ƙirƙira da aka zubo su a tare da wani tauraro da yake fuskantar wani ƙalubale wanda dole sai ya tunkara. (Fassarar mai bincike).

Shi ya sa wannan nau’i zai iya kasancewa daga gajeren labari mai kalmomi dubu biyar zuwa matsakaicin labari mai kalmomi dubu goma. Ƙagaggen labari ne wanda yake ƙunshe da wani batu ɗaya tal da ya mamaye labarin a kan babban tauraro ɗaya. Kuma yana ƙunshe da zubi wanda yake a matse kuma a tsare domin samar da sakamako guda ɗaya” (Ihakaram, 1990: shf. 274). Sai dai, a fahimtar wannan bincike, adadin kalmomin kowane gajeren labari yana farawa ne daga kalmomi dubu ɗaya (1,000) zuwa dubu bakwai da ɗari biyar (7,500).

Har ila yau, ana iya samun wasu gajerun labarai cikin mafi ƙarancin kalmomi kamar haka:

-          Ƙagaggen labarin da bai kai kalmomi ɗari biyar (500) ba, wato Micro-Fiction. Wannan shi ne mafi gajarta.

-          Ƙagaggen labarin da bai wuce kalmomi ɗari biyar (500) zuwa dubu ɗaya (1,000) ba, ana kiran sa Walƙiyar Labari, wato Flash Fiction.

-          Ɗan gajeren rubutu mai ƙunshe da wani bayani kan wani batu guda ɗaya (cikin falle ɗaya) mai ƙunshe da shafuka huɗu ƙanana, wato Phamplets (Goring, et-al, 2001:378; Di Yanni, 2002:41-4; Smith, 2001:313-322).

Yawanci akan gina gajerun labarai ne a kan wani batu guda ɗaya, a wani ayyanannen lokaci. Suna da zubi da tsari sassauƙa, wanda ke ƙunshe da taƙaitattun taurari. Wani lokacin ma tauraro guda ɗaya ne a labarin, saboda gajartar labarin. A ire-iren waɗannan labaran, ana warware ƙulli cikin sauri. A wasu lokutan kuma akan ƙare shi a buɗe, a bar mai karatu da yanke hukunci. Ana iya karanta gajeren labari a zama ɗaya kuma ya shiga ran mai karatu ya yi tasiri a zuciyarsa. Gajerun labarai, kamar sauran nau’o’in adabi, suna tafiya ne ko wanzuwa daidai da sassauyawar rayuwar al’umma. Bugu da ƙari, rubutattun gajerun labarai sun samu ne bayan samuwar rubutu da karatu a cikin al’ummar da aka same su, wato waɗanda aka wallafa su cikin littafi ko intanet da sauran hanyoyin rubutu da karatu na zamani.

Fasahar samar da gajeren labari a matsayin nau’in adabi, ba sabon abu ba ne. Haka kuma, gano ainahin asalin gajeren labari na baka yana da wahala, sai dai wanda ya fara ƙirƙiro rubutun da za a iya gani a siffar gajeren labari (na adabi) shi ne Nicola Vasilievitch GoGol wanda aka haife shi a Sorochintsky ta ƙasar Rasha a shekarar 1809, daidai da shekarar da aka haifi Edgar Allen Poe a Baltimore. Daga waɗannan mutane ne za a iya ɓuɓɓugo farkon samuwar gajerun labarai na zamani, wato rubutattu (Bates 1972:Sh.6 cikin Abdo El-Rahman, 1996: Sh.7). Wani abin la’akari, shi ne kusan kowace al’umma da take da fasahar rubutun gajerun labarai a duniya ta fara ne daga labarun gargajiya na baka zuwa rubutattu na zamani. Akwai ire-iren waɗannan misalai a adabin al’ummomin Larabawa da Turawa da Indiyawa da kuma wasu al’ummomin nahiyar Afirka (Malumfashi, 2009: Sh. 28; Sabe, 2016: Sh. 71-72).

3.1 Samuwa da Bunƙasar Rubutattun Gajerun Labaran Hausa

Duk da yake Turawa sun shigo ƙasar Hausa, sun samu Bahaushe da adabinsa na baka da kuma hanyar rubutu da karatu ta amfani da ajami. An yi amfani da shi wajen taskace sassan adabin baka na zube irin su labaran gargajiya da tatsuniyoyi da sauransu. Saboda haka, zuwan Turawan ma ya ƙarfafa wannan fasali, domin kuwa tun shigowar Turawa ‘yan leƙen asiri, irin su J.F Schon. Duk da cewa bai taɓa takowa ƙasar Hausa ba, amma ya samar da littafin Magana Hausa daga abubuwan da ya tsinta daga mutanen da ya yi hulɗa da su. Littafin ya ƙunshi gajerun labaran baka na tatsuniyoyi da labarai da sauransu. Asalin littafin shi ne Farawa Littafin Magana Hausa wanda aka samar a shekarar 1856, aka faɗaɗa zuwa Magana Hausa a shekarar 1862 (Bunza, 2015:Shf. 39).

Har ila yau, J.F Schon ya watsar da aikin Farawa Littafin Magana Hausa a shekarar 1847, sai bayan ya samu labarai daga bakin Dorugu ya haɗa da wasu labarai biyu(2) da ya samu daga Reberen J.C John guda goma sha takwas (18). Sai kuma Mista G.A Krause da ya ƙara masa labarai guda takwas (8). Waɗannan tatsuniyoyi da labarai da tarihe-tarihen rayuwa da karin magana da waƙoƙi, su ne Schon ya harhaɗa ya samar da littafin Magana Hausa a shekarar (1885). Daga cikinsu ne kuma J.F Schon ɗin ya samar da African Proverbs, Tales and Historical Fragments, (Bunza, 2015: Shf. 54).

Ke nan, wannan littafi na Magana Hausa shi ne za a iya cewa ya share fagen taskace gajerun labaran Hausa na gargajiya cikin rubutun boko. Wato, shi ya fara haska fitila ta rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa. Haka kuma, irin wannan fasalin Turawa suka ci gaba da bi wajen tattara labarai da tatsuniyoyi da karin maganganu da sauran maganganun azanci da al’adun Hausawa wuri guda a takarda cikin rubutun boko, tun kafin a kafa mulkin mallaka a ƙasar Hausa. A irin wannan fasali ne aka samu littattafai irin su Specimen of Hausa Literature na C.H Robinson (1896) da Hausa Stories and Riddles na H.C Harris (1908) da Littafi na Tatsuniyoyi na Frank Edgar (1924) da Hausa Saying and Folklore na Flectcher, R.S (1912) da sauransu. Wani littafin gajerun labarai da ya shahara a ƙasar Hausa shi ne Dare Dubu Da Ɗaya wanda yake fassara ne daga littafin Alfu Laila wanda Frank Edgar ya fara wallafa littafi na 1 da na 2 a shekarar 1924. Akwai kuma wani Malam Mamman Kano da ya fassara littafi na 3 da na 4 da na 5, duk daga Larabci zuwa Hausa. Daga bisani an tattaro sauran fassarar labaran baki ɗayansa daga wasu sassan ƙasar Hausa, aka adana su wuri guda. Sai dai har yau ba a kammala buga su cikin littafi ba (Malumfashi da wasu, 2015: Shf. xii).

Har ila yau, cikin ƙungiyoyin Mishan masu yaɗa addinin Kiristanci a ƙasar Hausa, waɗanda suka shahara irin su Church Missionary Society (C.M.S) da kuma musamman Sudan Interior Mission (S.I.M), akwai wadda ta fitar da littafin ƙagaggen adabin Hausa na farko mai suna Littafi na Karatun Hausa a shekarar 1922. Littafi ne da aka samar ta hanyar harhaɗa gajerun labaran baka na Hausa, irin su almara da hikaya da tatsuniya da sauransu (Bunza, 2015: Shf. 46). Saboda haka, wannan Littafi na Karatun Hausa ya yi wa waɗancan na ‘yan leƙen asiri ladanci wajen samuwar gajerun labaran Hausa a rubuce.

Wannan ya sake nuna cewa fitillar da ta fara haska rubutun labaran Hausa daga nau’in tattara ko taskace gajerun labarai ne. Domin kuwa, ko da Turawa suka kafa mulkin mallaka daga wannan fasali suka ɗora wajen samarwa da bunƙasa rubutaccen adabin Hausa a ƙarƙashin hukumomin inganta adabi (Yahaya, 1998; Sabe 2011; Malumfashi, 2009 da Bunza 2015).

Ke nan, kamar yadda aka yi bayani bayan Turawan mulkin mallaka sun samu gindin zama a ƙasar Hausa, kuma an tabbatar da cewa ƙishirwar abubuwan karantawa a ire-iren makarantun boko da Turawan suka buɗe ne ya haifar da yunƙurin samar da littattafai (ciki har da na adabi). An yi haka ne ta hanyar kafa hukumomin inganta adabi, irin su Hukumar Fassara (1929) da Hukumar Talifi (1936) da sauransu. Sai dai tun kafin kafa waɗannan hukumomin, gasar da Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Nazarin Harsuna da Al’adun Afirka ta shirya, domin rubuta labarai cikin harsunan Afrika a shekarar 1929, ta taimaka wajen iza wutar dafuwar rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa.

Saboda haka, bayan samuwar rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa, lamarin ya ɗauki fasalce-fasalcen bunƙasa daga maɓuɓɓugarsu, wato ƙoƙarin hukumomi da ɗaiɗaikun marubuta da ƙungiyoyi da kuma ta hanyar sanya gasannin samar da gajerun labarai. Bayanin waɗannan fasalce-fasalce yana biye cikin zanguna mabambanta, tun daga shekarar 1929 zuwa 2023.

3.1.1 Zango na Farko: Gajerun Labaran Hausa Daga Hukumomi (1929-1970)

Hukumomi su ne tsittsigen da rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa ya tusgo daga gare su. Domin kuwa, tun daga shekarar 1929, Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Nazarin Harsuna da Al’adun Afirka wadda take da ofishinta a Ingila, ta yanke wa rubutun gajerun labarai cibi. Wato, hukumar ta gudanar da gasa domin samar da littattafan zube daga harsunan Afirka ciki har da Hausa. A wannan gasa, an samu labaran Hausa waɗanda suka sha yabo, wato Hausa Stories guda biyu na H.B.G Nuhu da na Malam Dodo, sai Zaman Dara na Malam Ahemed Mettedden da Littafin Karatu Na Hausa na Malam Bello Kagara da Takobin Gaskiya na Malam Nagwamatse sai kuma Labaran Hausa na Ɗan Malam Alƙali Sokoto (Ɗan’Amarya, 2012: Shf. 78).

Duk da yake ba a samu labaran a hannun ba, amma dai marubutansu sun samar da su ne ta hanyar harhaɗa labarai da tatsuniyoyin Hausa, in ban da labarin Takobin Gaskiya wanda marubucin ya gina shi a kan artabun sarakunan ƙasar Hausa da Turawa a zamanin kafa mulkin mallaka. Shi ya sa, ko daga jin sunan wasu daga cikin waɗannan labarai, an gane cewa kundaye ne na gajerun labarai. Misali, Hausa Stories da Labaran Hausa, da sauransu. Hakan ya tabbata ne idan aka yi la’akari da littafin Hausa Stories na Malam Dodo wanda ya rubuta shi ta hanyar harhaɗa tatsuniyoyin Hausawa. Hakan ta sanya littafin ya yi armashi wajen samar da nishaɗi ga al’umma da kuma samun abin karantawa ga ɗalibai.

A nan ƙasar Hausa kuwa, hukumar farko ta inganta adabi wadda Turawan mulkin mallaka suka kafa ita ce Hukumar Fassara a shekarar 1929. Kuma ita ce ta kasance unguwarzoma wadda ta yanke cibin samar da littattafai na ƙagaggun labarai na Hausa, ciki kuwa har da gajerun labarai. Daga cikin ƙoƙarin da wannan hukuma ta yi wajen samuwar gajerun labarai, akwai yin gyare-gyare ga littafin Labaru Na Da Da Na Yanzu a shekarar 1931, inda an fassaro sassan tarihin ƙasar Hausa da suke rubuce cikin harshen Larabci, aka zuba su a cikin wannan littafin. Babi na huɗu na wannan littafi wanda aka yi masa take da “Hikayoyi da Labaru” cike yake da gajerun labarai guda sittin da biyar (65) waɗanda aka samar daga tatsuniyoyi da hikayoyi da labaran gargajiya waɗanda suka shahara a ƙasar Hausa a wancan lokacin. A nan ma, an samu wani fasali na taskace labarun baka cikin takarda.

Har ila yau, Hukumar Fassara ce ta samar da littafin Magana Jari Ce I-III a shekarar 1937, amma dai sai a 1939 Hukumar Talifi ta fitar da littafin ya shiga kasuwa. Littafin wanda Abubakar Imam ya rubuta, ya ƙunshi gajerun labarai ne guda tamanin da ɗaya (81) masu tushe ɗaya daga uwar labari ɗaya, waɗanda aka fassaro wasu labaran daga wasu harsunan, aka ayyana wasu, aka kuma baddala wasu daga adabin baka (Malumfashi, 2019: Sh. 323-324).

Bayan Hukumar Talifi ta lura da littattafan Magana Jari ce I-III sun yi wa yara ‘yan aji 1 zuwa 2 na Elementare wuyar fahimta, sai aka sake sanya Abubakar Imam ya rubuta littafin Ƙaramin Sani Ƙuƙumi Ne a shekarar 1938, tare da taimakon Dakta R.M East.

Kodayake, tun kafin 1938, samar da rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa cikin littattafai ya ci gaba ne a shekarun 1937 zuwa 1941, lokacin da Hukumar Talifi ta yi yarjejeniyar buga littattafan adabin Hausa da ƙungiyoyin Mishan domin amfanin ɗalibansu. Hakan ya bayar da damar samar da wasu littattafan gajerun labarai guda uku a shekarar 1938, waɗanda aka ƙago daga labarai daban-daban da suka jiɓinci adabin baka cikin salon koya karatun Hausa a littafin farko na jerin domin ya share fagen sauƙaƙa karatun sauran littattafai biyun (Bunza, 2015: Shf. 56-57; Jibril, 2019: Shf. 40-41). Waɗannan littattafai su ne, Ka Koyi Karatu (1938) da Ka Ƙara Karatu (1938) da Ka Yi Ta Karatu (1941).

Har ila yau, littafin Ƙaramin Sani Ƙuƙumi 1 &2, (1944) yana cikin littattafan gajerun labarai da hukumomi suka samar, Hukumar Talifi ce ta samar da shi don karantawa a makarantu, musamman la’akari da cewa labaran cikin Magana Jari Ce da aka samar kafin shi, sun yi wa yara ‘yan aji 1 zuwa 2 na elemantare tsauri. Littafin yana ƙunshe da gajerun labarai masu sauƙin fahimta ga yara ‘yan makaranta (Ahmad, cikin Malumfashi, 2019: Sh.296).

Ita ma hukumar NNPC ta bayar da gudummawa wajen sake buga wasu littattafai na gajerun labarai inda a shekarar 1968 ta sake buga littafin Labaru Na Da Da Na Yanzu wanda ya ƙunshi wasu labaru na gargajiya da aka taskace cikin littafin. Sai kuma a shekarar 1970, kamfanin buga littattafai na NNPC ɗin dai ya sake fitar da littafin Dare Dubu Da Ɗaya, 1-5.

Ke nan, galibi littattafan gajerun labarai waɗanda hukumomi suka samar sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan taskace adabin baka domin amfani ga makarantu da kuma cusa darussan koyar da tarbiyya ga yara cikin al’umma.

3.1.2 Zango na Biyu: Ɗaiɗaikun Marubuta da Bunƙasar Gajerun Labarai (1971-2013)

Daga shekarar 1971, marubuta maza da mata, a ɗaiɗaikunsu, suka fara samar da rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa ta fuskoki mabambanta a cikin littattafai. Littattafan sukan kasance ko dai kundin gajerun labarai na marubuci ɗaya ko kuma haɗaka ta marubuta da yawa cikin littafi guda ɗaya, walau a kan jigo ɗaya ko mabambantan jigogi.

 A irin wannan fasali ne, a shekarun 1978 zuwa 1982, aka samar da littattafai guda huɗu na gajerun labarai. Wato, a shekarar 1978 aka samu Alhaji Hyder Aliyu ya rubuta littafin Abokin Hira 1, sai kuma littafin Da'u Fataken Dare, na Malam Tanko Zango wanda ke ƙunshe da gajerun labarai guda huɗu(4) mabambanta, wato labarin “Da’u Fataken Dare” na Malam Tanko Zango da labarin “Sarki Mai Gaskiya” na Malam Abdu Maƙarfi da labarin “Wa Ya Fi Adalci?” na Malam Nuhu Bamalli da kuma labarin Wane Ne Bunu?” na Malam Jumare Zariya.

Littafin Nuni Cikin Nishaɗi na Hassana Umar shi ne ya biyo baya a shekarar 1980. Littafi ne da ya ƙunshi gajerun labarai da aka samar daga labarun gargajiya domin taskace al’adu na zamantakewar ƙasar Hausa, kamar yadda marubuciyar ta bayyana a shimfiɗar littafin. Sai a shekarar 1982 Alhaji Hyder Aliyu ya fitar da littafin Abokin Hira 2.

Baya ga wannan, a shekarar 1979 da ta 1982, Thomas Nelson ya wallafa wasu littattafai biyu masu ƙunshe da gajerun labarai, wato Hikayoyin Kaifafa Zukata 1 & 2 waɗanda Malam Aminu Kano ya samar da su daga labaran gargajiya da hikayoyi da tarihi da tarihihi. Cibiyar bincike ta Mumbayya House wadda take ƙarƙashin Jami’ar Bayero Kano, ta sabunta su a shekarar 2003. Su waɗannan littattafai, kamar yadda sunansu ya nuna, ƙunshe suke da hikayoyi da labarai na gargajiya waɗanda marubucin ya tattara su domin kyautata tarbiyyar yara masu tasowa da manufar ‘yan baya su yi koyi.

Daga wannan lokaci, sai a shekarar 2001 aka samu littafin Gajerun Labarai, na Bashir Othman Tofa, wanda yake ƙunshe da gajerun labarai guda takwas (8) waɗanda marubucin ya samar ta hanyar ƙagawa daga batutuwan da ya ci karo da su a rayuwa ko kuma suke tattare da rayuwar tasa, kamar yadda marubucin ya bayyana cewa:

“Ina tabbatar wa da masu karatu cewa dukkannin waɗannan labarai nawa ne, koda yake za ta yiwu na sami matashiyar ne daga wasu al’amura na rayuwata ko kuma daga nazarin zantuka ko rayuwar wasu mutane daban da na ji a wani guri.” (Tofa, 2001: Shf. 4).

Ke nan, ana iya cewa littafin Gajerun Labarai na Bashir Tofa, shi ne kundi na rubutattun ƙagaggun gajerun labaran Hausa na farko da aka samu, wanda marubuci ɗaya ya rubuta a karan kansa ba da gudummawar wata hukuma ba. Waɗannan labaran sun kasance ba fassaro su aka yi ba, ba kuma labaran baka ne aka taskace ko baddala ba, a’a ƙaga su aka yi domin samar da littafin gajerun labaran Hausa na zamani.

Daga wannan lokaci, sai a shekakar 2010 aka samu littafin Magana Doki Ce daga Sa'idu Sulaiman. Littafin ya ƙunshi gajerun labarai guda goma sha biyu (12), waɗanda marubucin ya gina su ta bin salon zubi irin na littafin Magana Jari Ce na Abubakar Imam. Sai dai saɓanin yadda aka bayyana ita magana, ai jari ce ta yadda Waziri Aku ya yi amfani da fasaharsa ta ruwaito labarai domin ɗauke hankalin Musa kada ya fita fagen yaƙi a littafin Magana Jari Ce I-III. Shi Sa’idu Sulaiman ya gina uwar labarin nasa ne a kan wani mai suna Maishanu wanda yakan sanya gasar a ba shi labarai masu nishaɗantarwa duk lokacin da yake hutawa a gidan gonarsa bayan sallar la’asar a kowace rana. Shi ya sa ya shimfiɗa dokoki uku ga duk wanda zai shiga gasar bayar da labarin. Wato labarin ya kasance ba a taɓa jin sa a bakin wani ba, kuma na nishaɗantarwa ne, sannan ya zama yana ɗauke da wani darasi ko nasiha ga al’umma.

Abu mafi muhimmanci a wannan gaɓar shi ne, salon gina gajerun labarai daga uwar labari irin yadda aka yi a littattafan Dare Dubu Da Ɗaya da kuma Magana Jari Ce, shi ne aka yi amfani da shi aka gina labaran littafin Magana Doki Ce.

Har ila yau, wani fasali da aka fara samu a wannan zango shi ne, ƙoƙarin ƙungiyoyin marubuta wajen samar da rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa. Ire-iren waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Nijeriya (Association of Nigerian Authors, ANA) reshen jihar Kano wadda ta samar da littafin Ƙwaryar Ƙira a shekarar 2010. Littafin, wanda Farfesa Yusuf M. Adamu da Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino suka yi wa edita, ya ƙunshi dukkan ɓangarori uku na rubutaccen adabi. Ya ƙunshi rubutacciyar waƙa da rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo da kuma rubutaccen labari. Sai dai labarai ashirin da ɗaya (21) ne daga cikin ashirin da biyu (22) da suke cikin littafin, suka kasance gajerun labarai daga marubuta mabambanta maza da mata. Idan aka aza a kan sikelin gane gajerun labarai da aka bayyana a baya. Ko ba komai littafin ya kasance ɗanba ga ƙungiyoyin marubuta wajen yin haɗaka ko gamayya domin samar da rubutattun gajerun labarai.

Daga abin da ya gabata, an lura wannan zango ya samar da littattafan gajerun labarai daga ɗaiɗaikun marubuta ne masu ɗauke da jigogin tarbiyya da nishaɗantarwa da kuma samar da abin karantawa a makarantu, ƙari a kan abin da hukumomi suka samar. Wani abin lura kuma shi ne, a wannan zango ne aka fara samun haɗaka na marubuta maza da mata domin samar da littafin gajerun labarai ƙarƙashin inuwar wata ƙungiya.

3.1.3 Zango na uku: Gasa, Ƙungiyoyi da Gajerun Labarai a Intanet (2013-2023)

Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, an fara shirya gasa domin samar da ƙagaggen labarin Hausa tun a shekarar 1927 a Kwalejin Katsina, amma fa abin da aka rubuta ɗin bai zo hannu ba.

Baya ga wannan, kamar yadda aka yi bayani, a shekarar 1929 kuma Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Nazarin Harsuna da Al’adun Afirka mai mazauni a Ingila ta samar da rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa ta hanyar gasa, wato Hausa Stories guda biyu na H.B.G Nuhu da na Malam Dodo, da kuma Labaran Hausa na Ɗan Malam Alƙali Sokoto (Ɗan’Amarya, 2012: Shf. 78).

Daga wannan lokaci, an ci gaba da samun gasa domin samar da ƙagaggun labaran Hausa, tun daga shekarar 1933. Amma sai a gasar Gidauniyar Injiniya Muhammad Bashir Ƙaraye, wadda aka fara gabatarwa tun daga shekarar 2007 har 2009, ta samar da littafin Saba Ɗan Sababi na Hafsat M.A Abdulwaheed, wanda ya zo na uku a gasar ta shekarar 2008. Littafin ya kasance kundin gajerun labarai ne guda goma sha biyu (12) masu alaƙa da juna, inda marubuciyar ta tsara su da zubi irin na littafin Magana Jari Ce 1-3 na Abubakar Imam. Ta gina gajerun labaran da suke cikin littafin ne daga uwar labarin da ta ƙulla tun daga farko (Faruƙ, 2018). A taƙaice dai, littafin na gajerun labarai ne masu ɗauke da darussa na nishaɗantarwa da tarbiyyantarwa waɗanda aka tsara domin samar da abokin hira ga masu sha’awar karatun littattafai.

Bugu da ƙari, Makarantar Malam Bambadiya, wadda Farfesa Ibrahim Malumfashi ya assasa ta kafar intanet ta Facebook, ita ma ta kasance wani bagire da ya bunƙasa rubutun gajerun labarai na Hausa. Domin kuwa a ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2013 aka samar da gajerun labarai da aka raɗa wa suna ‘Yan Yau. Labari ne a kan tarbiyyar yara wanda ya ƙunshi gajerun labarai daga marubuta daban-daban, waɗanda suka kasance ɗalibai ne na wannan makaranta ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Ibrahim Malumfashi. Shi ne ya kawo uwar labarin mai suna ‘Yan Yau, a take kuma wasu marubutan suka ƙulla da nasu labaran masu alaƙa da juna.

Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa rubutun labarin Hausa a kafar intanet, ya samo asali ne tun daga Majalisar Marubuta ta Intanet wato, Yahoo Group wadda Farfesa Abdallah Uba Adamu ya assasa a shekarar 2003. Wannan kafa ce ta fara share fagen rubutun gajerun labarai na Hausa a intanet. Sai dai kuma yawaitar kwamfutoci da wayoyin smartphones da androids daga shekarar 2013, ya sanya karance-karance ga matasa ya koma intanet, musamman a shafukan sada zumunta (Maimota, 2021:133-134).

A taƙaice dai, yawaitar tu’ammali da kafofin sadarwa na zamani ya taimaka gaya wajen bunƙasar rubutun gajerun labarai, ta yadda hatta gasannin da akan sanya domin samar da rubutattun gajerun labarai, manhajoji irin su Facebook da WhatsApp suna taimakawa wajen yayatawa da shelanta dokoki da sauran batutuwan da suka jiɓance su gasannin.

Saboda haka, daga shekarar 2013 aka fara shirya gasa, musamman domin samar da rubutattun gajerun labarai lokacin Makarantar Malam Bambadiya (wani dandali a kafar intanet ta Facebook) ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Ibrahim Malumfashi, ta shirya gasar rubutun gajerun labarai a kan matsalar bara a ƙasar Hausa, wadda aka yi bikin bayar da kyautuka a watan Satumbar 2014 a Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna. An tsara za a buga labaran da suka shiga gasar kuma suka ƙayatar daga na ɗaya zuwa na ashirin (20) cikin littafin da aka raɗa wa suna Jamhuriyar Mabarata, wanda har zuwa lokacin da ake gudanar da binciken nan, ba a buga littafin ba.

Daga wannan lokaci, sai kuma gasar ta lafa, inda ɗaiɗaikun marubuta da ƙungiyoyi suka ci gaba da samar da gajerun labarai bisa mabambantan manufofi. A daidai wannan lokaci ne Ƙungiyar Marubutan Mace Mutum ta samar da littafin gajerun labarai mai suna Hannu Da Yawa...(HD), a shekarar (2014). Littafi ne wanda aka tattara gajerun labarai guda talatin da bakwai (37) waɗanda marubuta mata zalla suka rubuta a kan batutuwan da suka shafi rayuwar al’umma kai-tsaye. An tsara labaran ƙarƙashin kowane batu da ya shafi talla da fyaɗe da aikatau da rikice-rikice da almundahana da yaƙi da jahilci da daba da barace-barace da kuma rayuwa irin ta yanar gizo. Duk da yake wasu labaran da suke cikin littafin sun shafi rayuwar maza da mata musamman batutuwan da suka shafi daba da barace-barace da almundahana. Shi ya sa a gabatarwar littafin aka bayyana cewa:

“In aka duba waɗannan labarai za a ga sun taɓa jigogi da dama cikinsu akwai bautar da ‘ya’ya mata ta hanyar talla da aikatau da kuma cin zarafin mata ta hanyar fyaɗe. Sauran labaran sai suka fita daga cikin gida zuwa duniyar maza inda suka taɓo bayanai a kan almundahana da rashawa da cin hanci da maguɗin zaɓe da rikicin ƙabilanci da bara da yaƙi da jahilci da sauransu.” (HD: Shf. 6).

Ko ba komai dai, littafin ya sake buɗe wani fage na bunƙasar rubutattun ƙagaggun gajerun labaran Hausa, inda a karon farko aka samu kundi guda na gajerun labarai daga marubuta mata a ƙungiyance. Su kuwa marubutan a ɗaiɗaikunsu, sun ci gaba da samar da littattafan gajerun labarai jefi-jefi. Misali, daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2016, Kabiru Yusuf Fagge (Anka) ya samar da littattafai guda biyar (5) na gajerun labarai waɗanda suka haɗa da:

i.                    Mu Sha Dariya (2013)

ii.                  Kai Ma Ka Dara (2015)

iii.                Abokin Dariya (2016)

iv.                Malamin Ban Dariya (2016)

v.                  Gidan Dariya (2023).

Akwai kuma Yahaya Garba (So), wanda ya samar da littattafai biyu na gajerun labarai a shekarar 2017, wato Mati da Lado (2017) da Wuta Sallau (2017).

A shekarar 2018 kuwa an sake jin ɗuriyar rubutattun gajerun labarai daga ƙungiyoyin marubuta, inda aka samar da littafin Gobarau daga taron Gamayyar Marubutan Hausa, wanda aka gudanar a Katsina a ranakun16 zuwa 18 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2018. Littafin yana ƙunshe da gajerun labarai daga marubuta maza da mata, sai dai littafin bai shiga kasuwa ba.

Koda yake, daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2018, gasar rubutun gajerun labarai ta sake kunno kai da wani sabon salo, inda aka shimfiɗa tabarmar ware wani jigo na musamman domin sanya gasar rubutun gajerun labarai a kan shi. Wato, an samu wasu gasannin waɗanda suka haɗa da gasar gajerun labarai a kan jigon talauci, wanda Makarantar Malam Bambadiya suka haɗa gwiwa da Pleasent Library Katsina suka ɗauki nauyin shiryawa a shekarar 2018. An samu labarai guda uku waɗanda suka lashe gasar, su ne “Matalauciyar Rayuwa” na Kabiru Yusuf Fagge (Anka) da “A Sasanta” na Hassana Abdullahi Hunƙuyi da kuma “Da Sandar Hannunka” na Zakariyya Haruna Ɗanladi. Ita ma dai wannan gasar, ba a samar da littafi na labaran da suka yi nasara ba.

Bugu da ƙari, a wannan zango ne hukumar Gidan rediyon BBC da ke Landan suka fara bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen bunƙasar gajerun labaran Hausa ta hanyar gasar Hikayata, wadda suka assasa tun daga shekarar 2016 zuwa yau (2023), domin rubutun gajerun labarai na mata zalla. Babbar manufar wannan gasa ita ce fitar da matsalolin da suke addabar mata daga bakin mata ‘yan’uwansu, kamar dai yadda Bahaushe ya ce, ‘ciwon ‘ya mace na ‘ya mace ne’. To, sai dai ba a keɓe wani jigo na musamman da za a rubuta labaran a kai ba. Duk da haka, a bisa wannan fasalin, duk shekara ana fitar da labarai guda ɗari (100). Daga cikin ɗarin ne ake tace guda ashirin da biyar (25), a cikinsu ne ake zaɓen guda uku (3) waɗanda suka yi zarra a matsayin na ɗaya(1) zuwa na uku (3). Ana karrama marubutan nasu, inda na huɗu(4) zuwa na goma sha biyu (12) kuma ake karanta su tare da ɗora su a kafafe da shafukan yanar gizo na BBC Hausa ɗin, irin su youtube da sauransu. A ƙarshen gasar ta kowace shekara, ana karrama marubutan labaran da suka lashe gasar da kyaututtuka. Amma har yanzu ba a taɓa tattara waɗannan gajerun labarai cikin littafi ba, saboda manufarsu ita ce a saurara, ba a karanta ba. Sai dai ana wallafa su kuma ana sanya sautin murya na karatun labaran a shafin www.bbchausa.com.

Wani abin burgewa shi ne, a shekarar 2020, Bankin Kula da Muhalli da Tsarin Yanka Filaye na Tarayya (Federal Mortgage Bank), ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban bankin wato Arc. Ahmed Musa Ɗangiwa ya shirya gasar samar da gajerun labarai na Hausa waɗanda suka haska mafita ga matsalolin muhalli irin su yanka fili ba bisa ƙa’ida ba da matsalolin gidan haya da matsalar mallakar muhalli a wuraren da ba su dace ba, da kuma yanayin aikin wannan bankin.

Gajerun labaran da suka yi zarra, wato na ɗaya zuwa na uku su ne, “Abun Da Ka Shuka” na Bashir Adamu, sai “Laifin Wa?” na Bilkisu Muhammad Garkuwa, sai kuma “Sanin Hanya” na Aliyu Rabe Aliyu. Sai kuma labaran da suka samu yabo, aka bi su da kyaututtuka guda goma.

An fitar da sakamakon wannan gasa kuma an bayar da kyaututtuka ga waɗanda suka sami nasara a watan Disamba na shekarar 2020. Sannan an buga waɗannan gajerun labarai a cikin littafin da aka raɗa wa suna Muhalli, Sutura.

Daga wannan lokaci sai aka buɗe fage na wallafa sakamakon gasar gajerun labarai cikin littafi. Domin kuwa a shekarar 2021 kamfanin Media Trust da haɗin gwiwar Gandun Kalmomi da Open Arts sun samar da wani littafi na gajerun labarai mai suna Dambarwar Siyasa. Littafi ne da ya ƙunshi gajerun labarai guda goma sha biyar (15) waɗanda aka tace daga cikin labarai (285) da suka shiga gasar rubutun gajerun labarai kan siyasa, da kamfanin ya sanya a shekarar (2020).

Gajerun labaran da suka yi zarra a wannan gasar su ne, “Dimokuraɗiyyar Talaka” na Rufaida Umar Ibrahim da “Tufka da Warwara” na Mubarak Idris Abubakar da “Ranar Ƙin Dillanci” na Ubaida Usman, waɗanda suka zo na ɗaya da na biyu da na uku. Wannan ya haifar da wani sabon jigo a rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa na gasa.

Hada-hadar siyasa da yaƙin neman zaɓen shekarar 2022 zuwa 2023, su ma sun taimaka wajen shirya gasar rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa domin kuwa a shekarar 2022 Gidauniyar Mun Gani a Ƙasa Foundation a jihar Katsina, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Injiniya Surajo Yazid Abukur, ta sanya gasar rubutun gajerun labarai da rubutattun waƙoƙi a kan ɗan takarar gwamnan jihar Katsina na jam’iyyar APC, kuma gwamnan Katsina a yanzu, wato Malam Dikko Umar Raɗɗa. An tattara labarai da waƙoƙin da aka zaɓa waɗanda suka yi zarra da kuma waɗanda suka sha yabo a cikin littafin da aka raɗa wa suna Mizani, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2023 kuma Dakta Shu’aibu Mustapha da Dakta Bashir Abu Sabe da Abdulrahman Aliyu, su ne editoci na littafin.

Gajerun labarai guda goma (10) da suka fito cikin littafin su ne, “Rawar Gani” na Fatima Bello Bala da “Tudun Tsira” na A’isha Adam Hussain da “Shugaba Nagari” na Amrah Auwal Mashi, waɗanda suka zo na ɗaya da na biyu da na uku. Sai kuma sauran guda bakwai waɗanda suka sha yabo. Duk labaran da waƙoƙin na siyasa ne, amma ko ba komai, wannan gasa mai ruhin siyasa, ta taimaka wajen bunƙasar rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa, tun da yake, an dubi abin da ya shafi tsarin shugabanci, wato zaɓen shugaba nagari abin koyi, aka turke jigon gasar rubutun gajerun labaran a kai.

Haka kuma, a shekarar 2022 ma Gidauniyar Arc. Ahmed Musa Ɗangiwa ta sake sanya gasa ta biyu domin rubutun gajerun labarai a kan matsalolin matasa, musamman abin da ya shafi taɓarɓarewar tarbiyya da zaman kashe-wando da kuma safara da shaye-shayen kayan maye. Wannan gasar ta samar da littafin gajerun labaran Hausa wanda aka sanya wa suna Ɗaukar Jinka. Littafin yana ɗauke da gajerun labarai guda goma sha biyar (15) tun daga labarin “Tun Ran Gini” na Amrah Auwal Mashi da “Son Zuciya” na Rufaida Umar Ibrahim da “Sara Suka” na Fatima Bello Bala da “Ka Fi Ɗan’uwa” na Jibrin Adam Jibrin Rano, waɗanda suka zo na ɗaya zuwa na uku. Sai sauran labarai goma sha biyu da suka tayar da littafin.

Baya ga waɗannan ma, ana iya cewa a yanzu, gasar rubutun gajerun labarai na Hausa ta zama ruwan dare, ta inda wasu zauruka na marubuta a kafafen sada zumunta ma sukan sanya gasar rubuta gajerun labarai cikin wani ƙanƙanin lokaci su ɗan bayar da na-goro ga waɗanda suka yi nasara. Ko kuma idan wani marubuci yana bukin murnar zagayowar ranar haihuwarsa ko bukin aure, ko wani bukin, nan ma sai ya sanya gasar rubutun gajerun labarai, musamman ga marubuta masu tasowa domin ƙarfafa masu gwiwa. A irin wannan fasalin ne a shekarar 2020 aka sanya gasar rubutun gajerun labarai domin murnar bukin Fadila Aliyu Kurfi. Sakamakon gasar ya samar da gajerun labarai guda goma (10) waɗanda Kabiru Yusuf Anka da Shamsuddeen Fatimiyya da Zaidu Barmo suka tattara labaran, su kuma Abdulrahman Aliyu da Ibrahim Muhammad Indabawa da Shamsuddeen Fatimiyya suka kasance alƙalai a gasar wadda ta samar da littafin Alƙalami...

Bugu da ƙari, a shekarar 2022 lokacin da aka naɗa Aminu Alan Waƙa sarautar Sarkin Ɗiyan Gobir, ya sanya gasar rubutun gajerun labarai wadda ya raɗa wa suna Gasar Tsibirin Gobir wadda ta samar da labarai guda goma (10).

Wani abin la’akari shi ne, duk da cewa gasa ce ta fi tashe a wannan zangon, amma marubuta a ɗaiɗaikunsu ko a ƙungiyance sun ci gaba da samar da rubutattun gajerun labarai a cikin littafi ko a intanet. Domin kuwa, ƙungiyar Dot and Pen Gombe Writers Association ta jihar Gwambe, ta samar da littafin gajerun labarai masu jigon tsaftace siyasa domin gudanar da ita ba tare da cutarwa ba. Labarai goma sha ɗaya (11) ne daga marubuta goma sha ɗaya (11) aka samar cikin littafin da aka sanya wa suna Siyasa Ba Da Gaba Ba.

Wata ƙungiyar da ta sake bunƙasa rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa ita ce Ƙungiyar Tuntuɓa ta Marubutan Arewacin Nijerya, wato Northern Nigerian Writers Summit (NNWS). A shekarar 2022, wannan ƙungiya ta samar da kundi na rubutun fasaha wanda ta raɗa wa suna Tulu: A Multilingual Anthology of Northern Nigerian New Writings. Shugaban ƙungiyar, Dakta Bashir Abu Sabe da wasu kamar Isyaku Bala Ibrahim da Khalid Imam da Farfesa Musa Ahmed Karkarku, su ne suka kasance editoci na wannan aikin.

Shi ya sa da yake ƙungiyar ta Arewacin Nijeriya ce gaba ɗaya, ta tattara rubutattun gajerun labarai da rubutattun waƙoƙi da bitar littattafai da tattaunawa daga karikitan adabi na Ingilishi da Hausa da Fulfulde da Nupe. Saboda haka, a fitowa ta farko ta wannan kundi, an samar da rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa guda goma sha uku (13) daga marubuta maza da mata.

Har ila yau, Gamayyar Marubutan Zazzau a farkon shekarar 2023 su ma sun samar da littafin Hannu Ɗaya Ba Ya Ɗaukar Jinka. Sun tattara gajerun labarai guda goma (10) a kan batutuwan da suka shafi barace-barace da bangar siyasa da zaman gidan haya da fasahohin al’umma da sauransu, waɗanda marubuta maza da mata na lardin Zazzau suka samar. Wani abin la’akari shi ne, cikin gajerun labarai goma(10) da suka tayar da wannan littafi, shida (6) duk daga marubuta mata ne, ragowar huɗun (4) ne daga marubuta maza.

Daɗin daɗawa, a shekarar 2022 kuma, Muhammad Yahuza Bello ya samar da littafin Dahuwar Ruwan Sanyi, mai ɗauke da gajerun labarai guda ashirin da biyu (22). Labaran da suke cikin littafin sun shafi yadda ake amfani da wasu hanyoyi na salon dahuwar ruwan sanyi wajen magance wasu ƙalubale da aka fuskanta a rayuwar yau da kullum. Shi ya sa ma marubucin ya bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin labaran da ya ƙaga cikin littafin sun faru a rayuwa ta zahiri.

Bugu da ƙari, a shekarar 2022 ɗin dai an samu wasu littattafai biyu na rubutattun gajerun labarai na Hausa daga wani marubuci mai suna R.A Adam daga jihar Gwambe. Littattafan su ne Lu’ulu’u A Cikin Juji, wanda yake ɗauke da gajerun labarai guda biyar, waɗanda marubucin ya gina su a kan labaran da wasu manyan mutane suke bayarwa game da irin baiwar da Allah ya masu tun daga lokacin da suke ba komai ba, har zuwa lokacin da suka zama komai. Littafi na biyu shi ne Duniyar Audu, wanda yake ƙunshe da walƙiyar labarai, wato flash fiction guda ashirin (20), domin galibi labaran cikin littafin ba su ma kai adadin kalmomi 500 ba. An gina labaran ne duk a kan babban tauraro ɗaya, wato Audu. Kuma jigon nishaɗantarwa, shi ne ya ratsa kuma ya haɗiye labaran littafin.

 An yi ƙoƙarin samar da kundin gajerun labaran Hausa mai suna Rigakafin Korona a shekarar 2021, wanda bai fita ba sai a shekarar 2023. Littafin da Khalid Imam tare da Umma Aliyu Musa suka kasance editoci, ya ƙunshi gajerun labarai guda talatin da huɗu (34) daga marubuta talatin da ɗaya (31), wato mata goma sha uku (13) da maza goma sha takwas (18). Cikin marubutan kuwa har da shehunnan malamai da fitattu da sababbin marubuta da kuma ma’abota Hausa waɗanda ba Hausawa ba ne su, daga ƙasashen Jamus da Sin. An karkasa labaran zuwa sassa uku, inda kowane sashe yake ƙunshe da labarai masu alaƙa da juna ko kuma masu alƙibla guda dangane da batutuwan da suka shafi annobar ta cutar Korona. Wannan littafi ya kasance irinsa na farko a matsayin kundin gajerun labaran Hausa daga marubutan Hausa da manazarta a ciki da wajen ƙasar Hausa, waɗanda suka haɗa da Hausawa da waɗanda ba Hausawa ba, duk a kan jigo ɗaya, wato annobar cutar korona. Wannan ya nuna cewa annobar korona, tana daga batutuwan da suka bunƙasa gajerun labaran Hausa a wannan zango. Domin kuwa, kafin wannan littafin ma, an samu wasu labaran masu ruhin cutar korona a kundin Tulu na ƙungiyar Tuntuba ta Marubutan Arewacin Nijeriya (NNWS) da wasu labaran na Gasar Hikyata ta BBC Hausa da sauransu.

Har ila yau, a shekarar 2023 an samu ɓullar wani kundin gajerun labarai mai suna Darussan Malam Sanau. Littafin ya zo da wani fasali na koyar da harshen Larabci ta yadda aka tsara darussa guda goma sha biyar (15) waɗanda Malam Sanau yake gabatarwa. A ƙarshen kowane darasi ne sai ake kawo gajeren labari wanda zai taimaka wajen sake fito da darasin da aka gabatar a fili. Da wannan fasali littafin ya ƙunshi gajerun labarai waɗanda aka samar daga uwar labarin mai suna “Malam Sanau”, sai kuma ‘ya’yan labaran da suka zo a ƙarshen kowane darasi guda goma sha biyar (15). Daga nan sai aka rufe da labarin “Bankwanan Malam Sanau.”

Wani abin lura a wannan zango shi ne Bukin Baje-kolin Littattafai da Fasahohin Hausawa (HIBAF), wanda kamfanin Open Arts ke gudanarwa duk shekara, ya samar da wata kafa ta bunƙasa rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa. A taron na shekarar 2021 wanda aka gudanar a Kaduna a ranakun 21-23/10/2021, an horar da wasu marubuta masu tasowa, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Ibrahim Malumfashi, inda suka samar da gajerun labarai guda goma sha takwas (18), waɗanda suka tayar da littafin Furen Ƙarya wanda aka buga a shekarar 2023.

Akwai kuma wasu gajerun labarai da ake samu daga wasu marubutan waɗanda suke ɗorawa a shafukansu ko dandalinsu na Facebook ko WhatsApp ko manhajojin irin su Okada da wattpadd da sauransu. Misalan gajerun labaran da ake samu a kafar Facebook sun haɗa da: “Kitimurmurar Gado” na Amina Hassan Abdulsalam da “Kuskuren Abokai” na Imam Abdu Bandirawo da “Sanyi Ne” na Kabiru Yusuf Fagge da “Laifinta Ne Kuwa ?” na Muhammad Bin Ibrahim da “Ba Ku Samu Alƙali Ba” na Musaddam Idriss Musa da “Masallacin Garinmu” na Ɗanladi Haruna da “Mahaukacin Gida” na Hassana Abdullahi Hunƙuyi, da sauransu.

4.0 Sakamakon Bincike

Wannan bincike ya gano cewa gajerun labarai ne suka buɗe fagen rubutun ƙagaggun labarai na Hausa tun zamanin Turawa. Haka kuma, hukumomin su ne suka fara assasa rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa. Bayan haka, fitillar da ta fara haska rubutun labaran Hausa daga nau’in tattara ko taskace gajerun labarai ne. Domin kuwa, ko da Turawa suka kafa mulkin mallaka daga wannan fasali suka ɗora wajen bunƙasa rubutaccen adabi a ƙarƙashin hukumomin inganta adabi.

An gano cewa a rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa, akwai waɗanda asalinsu labarai ne na gargajiya waɗanda ake da su tun tale-tale, tun kafin Bahaushe ya samu hanyar rubutu da karatu. Daga bisani ne aka taskace su cikin littattafai domin a adana. Wasu kuma labaran bakan ana baddala su ne ta siffar gajerun labarai. Ire-iren waɗannan labarai ne waɗanda aka taskace su domin kyautata tarbiyyar yara masu tasowa da kuma adana tunane-tunanen Bahaushe domin kada su salwanta. Wasu labaran kuwa, suna da tushe daga wasu al’ummomi na wasu nahiyoyin duniya, musamman Larabawa da Turawa, waɗanda kuma aka fassaro su zuwa harshen Hausa. Hatta a irin littattafan gajerun labarai na haɗaka ta ƙungiyoyi, ana samun nau’in fassararrun gajerun labarai. Sai dai kuma wasu daga cikin gajerun labaran da ake samu yanzu a ƙasar Hausa, musamman na cikin littattafai, ana samar da su ne ta hanyar ƙagawa. Saboda haka, ana iya kiran wannan nau’i na na rubutattun gajerun labarai a matsayin ƙagaggu.

An gano cewa hukumomi, tun daga shekarar 1929, sun bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen bunƙasar rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa daga ɗaiɗaikun marubuta ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin bugawa da tacewa ko kuma tattarowa da bugawa a hukumance. Wannan fa, ban da hukumomin da suke samar da gajerun labarai ta hanyar sanya gasa irin su BBC Hausa da sauransu.

Daga ƙarshe, an gano cewa gasa tana taimakawa wajen bunƙasar rubutun gajerun labaran Hausa, musamman saboda romon da marubutan suke samu daga masu ɗaukar nauyin gasannin yana ƙara masu ƙwarin gwiwar samar da labaran. Shi ya sa a yau, gajerun labarai suke ƙara bunƙasa har ma suke neman rufe shafin dogayen labaran Hausa.

5.0 Naɗewa

Bisa taƙaitawa, wannan takarda ta ƙunshi bayanai ne kan samuwa da bunƙasar rubutattun gajerun labaran Hausa. Tun farko, an fayyace ma’anar gajeren labari tare da bayanin siffofinsa da abubuwan da ya ƙunsa. Sai kuma aka bayyana samuwa da bunƙasarsa daga tubalin da hukumomi suka aza da kuma gasannin da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasar su, tare kuma da gudummawar ɗaiɗaikun marubuta ko ƙungiyoyinsu; walau cikin littafi ko a intanet. An fasalta bunƙasar ne cikin zanguna mabambanta har uku daga shekarar 1929 zuwa 2023. A ƙarshe kuma sai aka kawo sakamakon bincike da bayanin naɗewa.

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