Adana Harshe (Language Preservation)

Abubuwan Da Ke Ciki

• Gabatarwa
• Ma’anar Harshe
• Ilimin Walwalar Harshe (Sociolinguistics)
• Adana Harshe (Language Preser v ation)
• Hanyoyin Adana Harshe
• Hanyar Rubutaccen Labari
• Hanyar waqa ko waqe-waqe
• Kafofin Sadarwa
• Kammalawa
• Manazarta

Daga

Hauwa Ibrahim Yerima

Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna

Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya Da Kimiyyar Fasaha

Gabatarwa

Harshe ya kasance muhimmin al’amari ko ginshiqin tubalin da ya haifar da nazarin kimiyyar harshe, wato Linguistics a Turance, wanda kuma kimiyyar harshe yana da rassa guda biyu su ne: manyan rassa (macro linguistics) da kuma qananan rassa (micro linguistics). Idan aka waiwayo vangaren ilimin walwalar harshe (sociolinguistics) za a ga cewa yana xaya daga cikin qananun rassa kimiyyar harshe ne. Saboda haka wannan harshe zai yi magana ne a kan adana harshe, wato (Language Preser v ation) a Turance.

Ma’anar Harshe

Masana da dama sun yi qoqarin bayyana ma’anar harshe da cewa;

Brown (1976);

“Tamkar jerin ma’ana ne cikin tsarin sauti”.

Yakasai (2012);

“Wata hanya ce ta bayyana kai da kuma hulxa tsakanin juna wadda dabbobi bas u da irinta.” (Yakasai, 2012).

Ilimin Walwalar Harshe (Sociolinguistics)

Ilimin walwalar harshe wanda da Turanci ake kira da “Sociolinguistics”;

Holmes (1971) ya bayyana ma’anar da cewa;

“Fage ne na zari da kan nazarci hanyoyin da ake sarrafa harshe domin tantance kima da matsayin mutane cikin zamantakewa”.

Yakasai (2012) cewa ya yi;

“Wani vangare ne daga fannin nazarin harshe da kuma yadda ake sarrafa shi”  ( Yakasai, 2012: 24).

Adana Harshe (Language Preser v ation)

Kafin mu shiga cikin aikin yana da kyau mu san abin da ake nufi da abin da ake kira da adana harshe.

Hornby A.S , (2015) ya bayyana ma’anar language prese rv ation da cewa:

“The act of keeping language in it original state.”

“The degree of which language has not been changed.”

Ma’ana:

Wato adana harshen a nufin kula da harshe ta yadda yake tun usuli.

Sannan ya qara cewa adana harshe wani yanayi ne na adana harshe ta yadda yake ba tare da sauyawa ba.

A wannan yanayin idan ana maganar adana harshe, to ana magana ne a kan yadda ake adana wasu zantuka ko hikima ko kuma kalmomi na harshe. Wannan vangare ya shafi kowane irin harshe da ake da shi a duniya, to amma mu a nan za mu xakko batun harshen Hausa wanda shi ne harshenmu na kusa wanda muke tare da shi a koda yaushe kuma a kan shi za mu ba da misali.

Hanyoyin Adana Harshe

Akwai wasu hanyoyi daban-daban da ake bi don adana harshe waxanda za su taimaka wajen qara fahimtar wannan batun da ake son tattaunawa. Daga cikin waxannan hanyoyin akwai:

1. Hanyar Rubutaccen Labari

2. Hanyar waqa ko waqe-waqe

3. Kafofin Sadarwa

Hanyar Rubutaccen Labari

A wannan vangaren ana kallon yadda wasu marubuta littattafai suke amfani da wasu kalmomi ko zantuka waxanda suke tsofaffin kalmomi ne na Hausa waxanda suka kasance za a iya cewa sun vace a yanzu, amma a sanadiyyar rubuce-rubuce da aka yi suna nan bas u vata ba. Misali:

“… can zuwa La’asar ya farfaxo aka kai shi gidan mahaukata aka sa shi turu aka banqare,”

(Ruwan Bagaja shafi na 19)

“… Sai ya xakko buzu ya fito bakin dabi ya kishingixa.” (Magana Jari Ce shafi na 49)

“ Ya tashi tsaye ya yi kirari ya ce: “Sai ni gyauro mai gani baxi. ” (Ganxoki shafi na 1)

Turu : Wani irin mari (mai kama da ankwa) da ake huda gungumen itace a kafa masa qarfe inda ake sa qafafuwan mahaukacin da yake neman ya gagara. (Qamusun Hausa 2006).

Dabi; Rumfar da ake yi da itace da ciyawa mai kama da rufin kwano. Ko kuma farfajiya ko fafaranda. (Qamusun Hausa 2006).

Gyauro: Amfanin gonar da ya fito ba tare da an shuka shi ba. (Qamusun Hausa 2006).

Hanyar waqa ko waqe-waqe

 A wannan vangaren ma akwai misalai da za a kawo don tabbatar da hakan:

Jagora:             Da zarar sun san kai as sarki,

                        Ba su xegiya.

(Makaxa Ibrahim Narambaxa)

 

Jagora: Allah mun yi zaman dirshan,

                        Tamkar fitila a lokon alkuki.

(Aminu Ladan Abubakar Alan Waqa)

Xegiya: Bayeyeniyar abinci tsakanin maqwabta. . (Qamusun Hausa 2006).

Alkuki: Wani xan rami mai qusurwa uku a jikin bangon xaki don ajiye fitila ko littattafai.

Kafofin Sadarwa

Kamar yadda aka ga misalai a baya, a nan ma za a yi qoqarin kawo wasu misalai na adana harshe a kafofin sadarwa. Misalan da za su biyo a nan, za a kalli yadda tashar sadarwan nan ta Arewa24 wanda suke gudanar da shirin nan nasu mai suna Dada Titi. Misali:

Kawalwalniya: Haske mai qyalli-qyalli kamar ruwa da mutum yake hange daga nesa wanda tsananin zafin rana yake haddasa shi.

Holoqo: Hadarin da ya taso da qarfi kuma da iska, amma kuma sai ba a yi ruwan ba.

Safarago: Tsani (lada).

Qarfanfana: Kuxin wuri mafi qanqanta. Ko kuma dauxar aljihu.

Dukkan waxannan misalan idan aka lura za a ga cewa kalmomi ne da suke nema su vace ko kuma ma a ce sun vace, amma a sanadiyyar waxannan dalilai an ga cewa suna nan a adane a cikin labarum Hausa da waqoqin baka na Hausa da kuma wasu daga cikin kafofin sadarwa na zamani.

Kammalawa

Duba da bayanan da suka gabata kama tun daga ma’anar harshe da bayani game da ma’anar ilimin walwalar harshe da kuma language preser v ation wato (Adana Harshe) da kuma misalan da suka bayyana a cikin aikin, an fahimci cewa lallai wannan fanni da adana harshe ba qashin yarwa ba ne.

Manazarta

Brown, P. (1976). Language Society. Cambridge Un versity press.

Holmes J. And Pride J.B (1971). Sociolinguistics, Penguim Book Ltd.

Hornby A.S , (2015) O xford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Of Current English 9^th Edition. Oxford University Press. OUP.

Qamusun Hausa, (2006), Na Jami'ar Bayero Kano. Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nigeria da kiniyar Harshe Kano.

Yakasai (2012), Jagoran Ilimin Walwalar Harshe. Garkuwa Media Ser vices LTD Sokoto Nigeria.