Manufofin Gwamnati A Kan Noman Shinkafa Don Cigaban Tattalin Arzikin Kasa

 Takardar ƙara wa juna sani da aka gabatar a ajin ALH 400: Seminars, a Sashen Nazarin Harsuna Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, Nijeriya, (2022/2023 Academic Session).

Manufofin Gwamnati A Kan Noman Shinkafa Don Cigaban Tattalin Arzikin Kasa

DAGA

TUKUR ADAMU

KIBDAU: tukuradamu@yahoo.com

LAMBAR: 08069338202

TSAKURE

Wannan muƙala ta Bincike tayi bayani ne a kan ɓangaren al’adu. Hakama ko a cikin al’adun a ɓangaren sana’o’i ne binciken ya wakana kuma binciken ya wakana ne a kan sana’ar noma. Haka ma binciken ya yi bayani a kan manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa.

Haka kuma a cikin binciken an samar da hanyoyin da za’a iya bi domin ƙara haɓaka noman shinkafa ta hanyar yin amfani da kayayyakin zamani na noma da suka shafi, Tarakta,Galemanin Zamani masuamfani da man gas da fetur domin bunƙasa aikin noma. Haka ma daga cikin hanyoyin da ake bi domin Bincike ko gudanar da Bincike akwai, ta hanyar yin amfani da littafai, kundayen Bincike, mujallu, tattaunawa da jami’an noma da ɗeɗekun jama’a masu aikin nomad a ma masu sana’ar noma domin ƙara samun hanyoyin da yakamata abi domin bunƙasa ƙasa.

Hakama a cikin muƙala an gano irin yadda noman shinkafa yake haɓɓaka tattalin arzikin da bunƙasa sa, da ma samar ma al’umma da abinci a cikin ƙasa.

FITILUN KALMOMI

A cikin wannan muƙala za’a fahimci cewa fitilu a cikin su ne gwamnati kanta domin ita gwamnati ta zama uwa ma ba da mama ga kowa kuma ginshiƙin a cikin ƙasa domin akwai abubuwa waɗanda gwamnati kaɗai za ta iya tsarawa a bisu kamar su dokar farashin a ƙasa,sawo kayayyakin aikin noma kuma a sayar ma manoma a cikin farashi mai sauƙi domin bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa da samar da isasshen abinci a cikin ƙasa.

Haka ma ita shinkafa akanta fitila ce domin sai an samar da irraruwan ta domin shukawa,wanda yake ko da an samar takin zamani domin zubawa, ba za’a zuba ba in babu shinkafar. Haka ita shinkafar it ace za’a sayar domin bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa, tare da samar da abinci a cikin ƙasa.

Haka ma shi kansa tattalin arziki yana daga cikin manyan fitilun kalmomi domin kacokam muƙala tayi bayani ne ko Bincike a kan manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arziki ƙasa. Anan wannan Bincike ya nuna yadda tattalin arzikin ya zama babbar fitila a cikin wannan muƙala da Bincike da aka gudanar don cigaban haɓaka tattalin arzikin ƙasa, da samar da abinci a cikin ƙasa.

1.0     GABATARWA

A cikin wannan muƙala mai Bincike a kan, manufofin gwamnati akan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa, aiki ne da za’a binciko manufofin gwamnati na haɓaka noman shinkafa domin bunƙasa ƙaruwar tattalin arziki a cikin ƙasa.

Haka kuma duk a cikin wannan Bincike za’a gano dabarun yadda ake gudanar da Bincike da muhimmancisa a cikin haɓaka ko bunƙasa noman shinkafa domin bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Haka ma wannan Bincike zai binciko ma’anar gwamnati ma’anar noma, ire-iren noma lokuttan da ake gudanar da noma gudumawar gwamnati wajen bunƙasa noman shinkafa,matsalolin da ake samu wajen aiwatat da noman shinkafa da hanyoyin da za’a bi domin magance matsalolin noman shinkafar kansa. Daga ƙarshe za’a kamala tare da bada shawarwari ga ita kanta gwamnati da sauran al’umma da kawo manazarta.

DABARUN BINCIKE

A wannan ɓangaren mai Bincike zai yi amfani da hikimomi dabaru wajen aiwatar da bincike a cikin natsuwa. Misali, a wannan muƙala ta manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa mai bincike zai yi amfani da dabarun Bincike kamar haka

(i)                 Ta hanyar mujallu da ƙasidu

(ii)              Ta yin amfani da binciken littafai dam asana suka wallafa.

(iii)            Ta hanyar dabarar yin Bincike a cikin kundayen digiri daban-daban da ɗaliban ilimi suka gabatar ko suka rubuta.

(iv)            Ta hanyar yin Bincike wajen masana aikin noman shinkafa a karance da kuma aikace.

(v)               Ta hanyar zuwa Bincike a ma’aikatun nomad a muke da su a cikin jaha daban-daban.

Duka waɗannan hanyoyin ne da dabaru na gudanar Bincike musamman a cikin fanni na sana’ar noma. Haka ma ta hanyar kai ziyara ta gani da ido duk dubaru ne da yakamata a bi domin samun nasara a wajen aiwatar da binciken sa.

2.0     MANUFOFIN GWAMNATI A KAN NOMAN SHINKAFA

Don cigaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Manufar gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa shi ne don cigaban arziki da bunƙasa abinci a cikin ƙasa.

2.1 MA’ANAR GWAMNATI

Gwamnati wani tsari ne da ake tafiya akai don mulkar ko kuma shuwagabantar wata ƙungiya ko gungun al’umma.A tsarin tafiyar da shugabantar al’umma musamman ma tsarin gwamnati ya haɗar da gungun ‘yan majilisu wato masu tsarawa da zartarwa. A wata ma’anar sunce:’’ gwamnati na nufi wata hanya ce ta jagorancin gari ko jaha da kuma jama’ar dake cikinsa ko cikin ta’’.

Ƙamusun Hausa. (2015) ya bayyana ma’anar gwamnati da cewa, ita ce hukumar ƙasa ko jaha.

Dr. A.A Ujo (1994) a nasa littafin mai suna (citizenship in Nigeria) ya bayyana wamnati da cewa ‘’wata hanya ce da jaha ko ƙasa ke bi domin cimma manufofinta.

Agboye et al (2001) a cikin littafinsu mai suna: exam focus government for WASSCE and SSCE’’ suna ganin gwamnati a matsayin wata hanya da ake bi domin samar da dokokin ƙasa ko jiha a kuma yi amfani da su wajen jagorancin jama’a.

Garba, B.M da Alhaji, A.S (2016) a littafinsu mai suna ‘’citizenship educations for Nigerian student sun bayyana ma’anar gwamnati da cewa: wani tsari ne da ake bi domin samar da dokoki da matakai na tafiyar da rayuwar jama’a ko al’umma jiha’’.

Waɗannan su ne wasu ma’anoni da aka samar haɗi da ra’ayoyin wasu masana a kan abinda ya shafi ma’anar gwamnati.

2.2 MA’ANAR NOMA

Kusan muce ma ko wane Bahaushe ya iya noma ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi, Nomad a kiwo duk suna nufin abu ɗaya ne a ma’anar da ilimin zamani ya samar. (Hausa paper, may-june 2015)

Noma shi ne shukawa tare da renon abinda aka shuka har zuwa girbinsa.

Noma ya kasu kasha biyu

(i)                 Noman damina

(ii)              Noman rani

Noman damina: shi ne wanda akafi yi. Ana yinsa a lokacin da aka samu ruwan sama.Dazarar manomi ya fahimci ƙaratowar rowan sama sai ya share gonarsa, sannan yakai takin gargajiya.Dazarar ance rowan sama ya faɗi sai a tanadi iri da sauran kayan aiki kamar su galma da kalme da hawayya da magirbi da sauransu. Wasu kuma sukan yi sare ne suyi shuka. Bayan sati biyu da yin shuka sai a shiga noman farko, sannan kuma bayan wani lokaci a sake yin noman wato maimai musamman ma noman shinkafa.

Kayan aikin sana’ar sun haɗa: fartanya (hawaya) garma,magirbi, sungumi da adda d.s.

Noman Rani: noma ne wanda yake da wahala da kuma kasha kuɗi da yawa.Ana yin noman rani a madatsar ruwa ko a fadama, inda akan yi lambu ayita ban ruwa haka ma ana iya fahimtar cewa noman rani noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani bayan ɗaukewar ruwan sama. Haka ma shi noma rani anfi yinsa ne a wurare da ruwa suke wadatattu kamar ƙoramu, da madatsun ruwa da kuma masu yin rijiyoyi na zamani ko rafi da sauransu.

Daga cikin abubuwan da ake nomawa lokacin rani sun kunshi:yalo,yauɗi, (kuɓewa)masara,karas, rake albasa, tumatur d.s. A ra’ayoyin wasu masana ga me da ma’anar noma akwai irinsu.

Zainab da wasu (2017) a kundin Bincike mai ta ken:nazari a kan yadda ake noman rake a ƙasar Hausa.

Sun ce ‘’Noma sana’a ce da masana ilimin tarihi suka haƙiƙance da cewa it ace sana’ar farko a tarihin duniya.Ba ma tarihin ƙasar Hausa da kuma Hausawa ba, wannan sana’a ce tsahuwa mai ɗinbin tarihi ga al’ummar Hausawa, sana’a ce da ta jiɓanci kwart ƙasa ko kuma ƙwalƙwalar ƙasa domin shuka tsabar hatsi a lokacin damina ko rani domin a samu yabanya mai albarka domin aci a sha ayi sutura a kuma tallafi juna dangane da abubuwa da suka shafi rayuwar Bahaushe ta yau da kullum.

Habib Alhassan da wasu a cikin littafinsu mai suna ‘’zaman Hausawa’’ sun bayyana cewa ‘’Noma shi ne tonon ƙasa a fitar da amfaninta ta hanyar zafe ta da zankaɗe tad a yin shuke-shuke a bayanta. Ta nan ne ake samun tsirrai iri naci da na tsotsa, da na yin amfani. Sun ƙara da cewa ‘’Noma wata tsirfa ce daɗaɗɗiya wadda mutane ke yi da kansu tun shekaru aru-aru da suka gabata ko suka wucce.

2.3 MA’ANAR NOMAN SHINKAFA

Shinkafa wata abuce mai matuƙar muhimmanci a rayuwa ɗan adam.A yan babu wata ƙabila ko wani nau’in mutane dab a su yin amfani da ita a matsayin abinci,wannan yana nuna duk ƙasashen duniya babu ƙasar dab a ayin amfani da shinkafa a matsayin abinci.

Ma’anar noma shinkafa:wani noma ne wanda ake yi ga shekara sau biyu wato noman damina dana rani, kuma noman shinkafa wani noma ne wanda ke buƙatar kayan aiki kamar irin su:taki zamani maganin feshi d.s.Kuma noma ne mai buƙatar wurin mai dausayin sanyin ruwa.

3.0     MATSALOLIN BINCIKE AKAN NOMAN SHINKAFA

Kamar yadda aka sani cewa komai akace ansamu nasara to kuwa ba’a rasa cin karo da ‘yar matsala ko ya ta ke, musamman ma aikin day a shafi Bincike. Haka ma ita wannan sana’a ta noma tana da matsaloli da take fama das u musamman ma wannan noma na shinkafa. Dagacikin matsalolin da wannan noma yake fama dasu na noman shinkafi sun haɗa da

(1)   Matsalar kudi

(2)   Matsalar ƙasar noma

(3)   Rashin isasshen ilimi

(4)   Rashin abubuwan safarar kayan gona sun haɗa da

(i)                 Rashin abubuwan hawa

(ii)              Lalacewar hanyoyi

(iii)            Tsadar kawo kayan gonar kasuwa ko gida

Dasauran matsalolin da noman shinkafa yake fuskanta.

3.1 MUHIMMANCI NOMAN SHINKAFA

Kamar yadda aka sani cewa noman shinkafa nada matuƙar muhimmanci, musamman a rayuwa mutane ta wannan zamani da muke ciki ta son hutawa, musamman wajen saukin sarrafa abincin da muke ci yau da kullum haka ma daga cikin muhimmanci noman shinkafa akwai

(i)                 Samar da abinci

(ii)              Bunƙasa tattalin arzikin yanki

(iii)            Bunƙasa tattalin arzikin jaha

(iv)            Bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa.

Haka ma muhimmancin noman shinkafa tamkar magani ne a asibiti, kamar samun cigaba dakuma sauƙin aikin noman ta samun sababbin dabaru daban-daban da kuma magunguna ta fuskar gyaran gona, feshi kashe haki kafin shuka, da maganin feshin hana hakki fitowa bayan an yi shuka da kuma samar da iraruwa masu aure kamar su

(i)                 Irin yar farisa

(ii)              Irin yar china

(iii)            Irin ‘yar zaƙama

(iv)            Irin ‘yar beru

(v)               Irin ‘yar kwana d.s

Haka ma idan muka duba zamuga cewa noman rani dana damuna yana da mutuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwar al’umma saboda idan muka lura da kyau zamu ga cewa duk hanya ce mafi sauƙi, sai wadda aka zaɓa za a bi don samar da abinci isasshe ga al’umma da dabbobi.

4.0     SAKAMAKON BINCIKE

Kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata a baya wannan muƙala mai bayani a kan manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa.

Dangane da wannan, Bincike ya gano muhimmanci noman shinkafa a cikin yanki da kuma ƙasa, domin binciken ya gano cewa noman shinkafa yana da matuƙar amfani wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa da samar da abinci a cikin yanki da jaha dama ƙasa baki ɗaya.

Haka ma binciken ya gano akwai matsalolin da noman shinkafa ya ke fuskanta wanda ya shafi matsalar isasshen ilimi, matsalar ƙasar noma,matsalar kudi, rashin abubuwan safarar kayan gonad a dai sauransu.

4.1 SHAWARWRI

Shawara muhimmiyar abu ce, domin Hausawa ma na cewa:‘’mai shawara aikinsa baya ɓaci’’wannan karin Magana da Hausawa suka yi tabbas haka ta ke.

Shawara ta farko d azan bayar it ace zuwa ga gwanati da ta daure ta ƙara ƙoƙarin da ta ke yi a riƙa ɗaukar nauyin wasu mutane ta hanyar shirya ma su muƙaladomin ƙara wayar masu da kai a kan sha’anin noman shinkafa da wasu hanyoyin da za’a bi domin ƙara haɓɓaka sha’anin noman shinkafa a cikin yankuna da ƙasa baki ɗaya.

Haka ma tare da ƙara bada shawara ga ita kanta gwamnati da ta ƙara kaso a cikin kasafin kuɗi domin taimakawa wajen samar da isassun kayan aikin noman shinkafa waɗanda suka haɗa da takin zamani,maganin feshi,motocin nomad a kuɗaɗen na gudanar da noman da sauran su.Sai kuma ƙarin wata shawara ga su kansu al’umma da su tashi tsaye su taimaka ma ita kanta gwamnati ta hanyar taimaka ma juna musamman masu hannu da shuni, ta hanyar bada rance domin yin noman da sauran su.

Shawara ta ƙarshe zuwa ga har wayau ita gwamnati da ta riƙa taimakawa ɗalibai ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin wasu dalibbai tana tura su wasu makarantu daban-daban domin nazarin harshen Hausa.Kasancewar Harshen Hausa bai bar kowane fanni na tafiyar da rayuwa ba.

Allah ya yi mamu jagora ya taimake mu, amin.

5.0     KAMMALAWA

Sakamakon wannan Bincike na manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arziki ƙasa yana nuna irin yadda noman shinkafa yake taimakawa wajen samar da abinci a cikin ƙasa.Haka ma wannan muƙalar bincike tana nuna irin gudunmawar da noman shinkafa yak e bayarwa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa da samar da aikin yi a cikin al’ummar ƙarsa

Haka sakamakon Bincike yana nuna irin yadda yakamat gwamnati ta ƙara taimakawa wajen samar da musamman wuraren da za’ayi amfani da su domin ƙara bunƙasa noman shinkafa a cikin ƙasa.

Dafatar ɗan abin da aka ji zai yi amfani.