Siyasa A Nijeriya Da Jahar Jigawa

Daga

ZALAIHAT SANI KAGARA

MA’ANAR SIYASA

Siyasa ita ce tsara rayuwa; ko samar da shugabanci, ko kuma shuganci da duk abin da yake ta’alaƙe da shi (kamar tsarin zaɓuɓɓuka, da yin doka, da umarni da hani da tsarin horo ga wanda ya karya doka da tsarin yaba nagarta da ƙira ga hukuma da ta yi ko ta bar wani abu). Haka kuma ana amfani da kalmar siyasa a yayin da wani abu na son zuciya ya shiga amman wannan ba shi ne asalin kalmar ba.

          Siyasa wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don gudanar da rayuwar al’umma, wadda take baiwa al’umma damar zaɓar shugabanni tun daga matakin ƙasa har izuwa ƙananan hukumomi. Haka kuma kowa yana da ikon fitowa don a zaɓe shi muddin ida ya cika sharuɗan da wannan al’ummar ta ɗoru a kai. Sannan kuma kowa siyasa ta ba shi damar tofa albarkacin bakinsa wajen yaba ko kushe wani abu da yake cimar tuwo-a-ƙwarya, shi yasa ake ƙiranta da “siyasa rigar ‘yanci”.

Tarihin Siyasa a Jihar Jigawa 

Jihar Jigawa jiha ce da aka ƙage ta a jikin jihar Kano a cikin watan Agusta a shekarar 1991. Tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohi talatin da shida (36) na faɗin ƙasar Nijeriya. Malam Inuwa Dutse tsohin kwamishina na babbar ma’aikatar Noma da albarku a lokacin gwamna Abdu Baƙo, shi ne ya jagoranci fitar Jigawa a matsayin jiha. Idan muka dawo batun Audu shi ya riƙe gwamna a lokacin da Kano take haɗe da Jigawa.

          Daga shekarar da aka tabbatar da jigawa a matsayin jiha (1991 Agusta) zuwa shekarar da aka dawo turbar siyasa (1999) an samu waɗanda suka riƙe jihar Jigawa a matsayin gwamnoni kamar:

1.     Olayinka Sule

2.     Ibrahim Aliyu

3.     Maimalari

4.     Aliyu Sa’adu S. Shekoni

Waɗannan sune gwamnonin da suka gabata a jihar Jigawa kafin a dawo turbar siyasa. Sai dai akwai ƙarin hasken da ya  kamata a bayyana  kamar Olayinka da Ibrahim da Maimalari da kuma dukkansu sun yi shugabanci ta fuskar mukin soja amma Aliyu Sa’adu an gabatar da siyasa ne sannan aka a matsayin gwamnan jahar amma shi ma an wannan ne a ƙarƙashin mulkin soja kawai aka baiwa damar yin zaɓe.

          Yanzu kuma zamu karkata da akalar aikin namu ga turbar siyasa shekara ta 1999. A wannan shekara an samu gwabza siyasa ne tsakanin jam’iyyu mabanbanta amma mafi shahara su ne PDP (People Democratic Party), sai kuma APP (All people Party). A taƙaice wannan jam’iyu biyu sune waɗanda aka fafata siyasa da su yayin da jam’iyar PDP ta tsaida Sule Lamiɗo ita kuma jam’iyar APP ta tsayar da Ibrahim Saminu Turaki. Bayan da aka kammala gwabza siyasa aka yi zaɓe hukumar zaɓe ta tabbatar da Ibrahim Saminu Turaki na jam’iyar APP a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen. Ibrahim Saminu Turaki ya zama gwamna jihar Jigawa don ya yi shekaru huɗu kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulki ƙasar ya tanadar, ya yi daga 1999 zuwa 2003. Kamar yadda dokar ƙasa ta tanadar idan aka zabi gwamna a karon farko yana da ikon shekara huɗu ne, bayan sun ƙare (shekarun) dokar ta ƙara ba shi damar komawa a karo na biyu a taƙaice dai shekaru takwas kenan. To Ibrahim ya samu wannan damar bayan an dawo zaɓen ko kuma siyasar 2003 aka ƙara fafatawa da shi da manyan abokan hamayya guda a PDP Baban Beta Gumel a UNPP Ahmad Muhammad. Bayan kammala zaɓe hukumar zaɓe ta ƙara tabbatar da Ibrahim Saminu Turaki a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen. A taƙaice dai Ibrahim nasarar dafe kujerar gwamnan jihar Jigawa ta fuskar siyasa daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2007, na nufin wa’adi biyu kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar ya tanadar.

Tarihin Siyasa a Nijeriya      

          Nijeriya ƙasa ce wadda Turawan Ingila suka yi mata mulkin mallaka. Nijeriya ba ta samu kuɓucewa daga hannun Ingila ba sai a shekarar 1960. A wannan shekarar ne (1960) Nijeriya ta samu ‘yancin kanta. Batu a kan tarihin siyasa a Nijeriya ana ganin zai fi ado idan aka haɗa had da na gwamnatin sojoji sannan sai a ga gwamnatin dimokaraɗiya, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna jam’iyun farko na siyasa a Nijeriya su ne;

1.     National Council of Nigeria (NCNC) wadda Nnamdi Azikiwe yake jagoranta.

2.     Northern Peoples’ Congress (NPC) ita kuma wannan Ahmadu Bello ne yake jagorantar ta.

3.     Action Group (AG) wadda Obafemi Awolowo ne ke jagorancin ta.

Ƙarin haske jam’iyar farko tana nufin jam’iya ce wadda mutanen Inyamurai ke cikinta (Igbo)  sai kuma jam’iya ta biyu wadda kuma mutanen Arewa ne (Hausa da Fulani) ke cikinta, jam’iyar ƙarshe a bayanin da ya gabata ita kuma mutanen Yarabawa ne a cikinta (Yoruba).

          Kamar yadda tarihi ya tabbatar waɗannan jam’iyyu su ne jam’iyyun farko na tarihin siyasar Nijeriya kuma da su aka yi zaɓen farko na 1964 wanda kuma tun da aka yi wannan zaɓen ne aka shiga rikicin siyasa a Nijeriya inda aka rinƙa kashe mutane ana ta ƙone-ƙone hakan har ya haifar da kafa dokar ta  ɓaci a jihar yamma. Haka dai aka yi ta tafiya har safiyar 15 ga Janairu 1966 inda aka tashi da juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi wanda ya haifar da kisan manya-manya mutane a lokacin tun daga arewaci zuwa yammancin Nijeriya har ma da wasu daga cikin hafsoshin soja na wancan lokacin.

          Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, idan ana son magana a kan tarihin mulkin siyasa a Nijeriya zai fi kyau a haɗa da sojoji, saboda sun baje hajarsu wajen hana siyasa armashi a wancan karon. Yanzu sai mu ga wasu daga cikin ire-irensu don warware wannan batun da muka yi.

Major Janar Johnson Aguinyi Ironsi (16 January, 1966 – 29 July, 1966)

Ironsi wata shida ya yi yana mulki kafin a hamɓarar da gwamnatinsa. Ba wani ci gaba da aka samu cikin lokacin, amma daga kamun ludayinsa na ƙirƙiro dokar soja wadda ta haɗe ƙasar baki ɗaya (Unification Decree) mamadin tsarin siyasar da aka sani mai ba jihohi ‘yanci. ‘Yan arewacin ƙasar sun ji tsoron mamayar harƙoƙin ƙasar da ma na yankinsu daga mutanen kudancin ƙasar.

Janar Yakubu Gowon (1 Agusta, 1966 – 29 yuli, 1975)

          Bayan juyin mulki da ya hamɓarar da gwamnatin Ironsi, Yakubu Gowon ya zama shugaban ƙasa ya kuma yi mulki na kusan shekaru goma (10), a cikinsu har da shekaru biyu da rabi da akai ana yaƙin basasa (6 Yuli, 1967 – 15 Janairu, 1970). Rashin sanin madafar mulki ya sa Yakubu ya ɗauko ‘yan siyasar da sojoji suka hamɓarar daga mulki domin taimaka masa wajen tafiyar da mulki kamar haka:

-         Chief Obafemi Awolowo – ministan kuɗi kuma mataimakin shugaban majalisar zartaswa yankin yamma.

-         Joseph Tharka – ministan sufuri yankin arewa

-         Aminu Kano – ministan sadarwa yankin arewa

-         Shehu Shagari – ministan tattalin arziki yankin arewa

-         Anthony Enahoro – ministan watsa labarai da ƙwadago

An dama da ‘yan siyasa lokacin mulkin Gowon, kuma an ƙirƙiro da jihohi goma sha biyu (12) a ƙasar domin kwantarwa ƙananan ƙabilu hankali daga danniyar da suke ji wa tsoro daga manyan ƙabilu. Wannan babbar nasara ce a siyasar ƙasar, an kuma ci gajiyar arzikin mai da aka samu inda gwamnatin ta yi manyan ayyukan raya ƙasa irin su hanyoyi da gine-gine da sauransu. Gowon ya yi alƙawarin miƙa mulki a farar hula, alƙawarin da daga baya ya saɓa.

Janar Murtala Muhammad Ramat (30 Yuli, 1975 – 13 Fabrairu, 1976)              

        Lokacin mulkin Murtala an hana harƙoƙin siyasa motsawa, amma ya sa ranar miƙa mulki ga farar hula. Ya hukunta jami’an gwamnati da aka samu da almundahana. Ya kuma ƙarfafa matsayin Nijeriya a siyasar Afirka dama duniya yayin da ya ba da goyon bayan Nijeriya ga ƙungiyar MPLA ta Angola. Mulkinsa bai yi tsawon da za a iya auna fa’idar dake cikinsa ba ko akasin haka. An kashe shi a yunƙurin juyin mulki da soja suka yi ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1976.

 

 

Janar Olusegun Obasanjo (13 Fabrairu, 1976 – 30 Satumba, 1979)

        Gwamnatin Obasanjo ta yi ƙoƙarin gyara mulkin ƙananan hukumomi, kuma ta cika alƙawarinta da ta yi na yin zaɓuɓɓuka ga ƙananan hukumomi, sannan kuma ta miƙa mulki ga farar hula a 1979.

Mulkin Sojoji Daga 1983 Zuwa 1999

          Rashin iya mulki da rashin haɗin kan ‘yan siyasa tare da cin hanci da rashawa yasa aka hamɓarar da mulkin Shehu Shagari a 1983. Kafin a sake maido da mulkin ga farar hula an yi mulkin sojoji na Janar Muhammadu Buhari da Janar Ibrahim Babangida da Janar Sani Abacha da Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar kafin ƙarnin da muke ciki na mulkin ‘yan siyasa tun 1999.

Mulkin Siyasa Daga 1999 Zuwa Yau  

          A shekarar 1999 aka ƙara maido mulki ga farar hula, kuma aka gudanar da zaɓe a ƙasa baki ɗaya. A wannan lokaci an samu manyan jam’iyyu guda biyu waɗanda suka fi tasiri a ƙasa. Jam’iyar farko ita ake yi wa laƙabi ko suna da People Democratic Party sai kuma ta biyunta mai suna All People Party. Waɗannan jam’iyyun guda biyu sune waɗanda suka fi shahara a siyasar da aka yi a shekarar 1999.

Bayan kammala zaɓe sai hukumar zaɓe ta tabbatar da nasara ga jam’iyar PDP wanda ɗan takararnta shi ne Olusegun Obasanjo kamar yadda ƙundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar ya tanadar ga mai nasara yana da wa’adin farko ne na shekaru huɗu bayan samun nasara. Haka aka yi da Obasanjo ya shimfiɗa gwamnatinsa daga 1999 zuwa 2003.

Kamar yadda ƙundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar ya tanadar shugaban ƙasa yana da ikon sake fitowa a karo na biyu a zaɓe shi. Haka aka yi bayan kammala wa’adin farko na Obasanjo jam’iyarsa ta PDP ta ƙara tsaida shi a karo na biyu. Bayan kammala zaɓe hukumar zaɓe ta sake tabbatar da nasara ga shi (Obasanjo) daga 2003 zuwa 2007.

A shekarar 2007 wa’adin Obasanjo ya ƙare kakaf bai da wani iko na ci gaba da mulki, a dalilin haka sai jam’iyarsa (PDP) ta kawo sabon ɗan-takara don a fafata a siyasar 2007 da shi. A wannan lokaci ma manyan jam’iyyu guda biyu ne da suka fi tasiri PDP da ANPP. PDP ta tsaida Umaru Musa ‘Yar Adua, ta kuma ANPP ta tsaida Janar Muhammadu Buhari.

Bayan kammala zaɓe sai hukumar zaɓe ta tabbatar da nasara ga ɗan-takarar jam’iyyar PDP (Umaru Musa ‘Yaradua) amma ɗan-takarar jam’iyyar ANPP yaƙi yadda da shan kayen da aka yi masa, ya garzaya kotu domin ƙalubalantar wannan sakamakon zaɓen. Bayan an kammala shari’a, babbar kotun ƙasa ta tabbatar da nasara ga ko kuma sahihancin zaɓen wanda shi Umaru Musa na jam’iyyar PDP ya samu. ‘Yar Adua ya ci gaba da gudanar da mulki amma yawan kwana bai ba shi ikon cika wa’adinsa ba, Allah ya karɓi rayuwarsa, sai mataimakinsa aka rantsar da kamar yadda dokar ƙasa ta bada iko.

          A shekarar 2011 ne wa’adin gwamnatin da ta gabata ya cika, an dawo domin sabuwar siyasa kuma an samu jam’iyyu da ‘yan takarkaru kamar haka:

1.     PDP – Goodluck Jonathan

2.     ANPP – Ibrahim Shekarau

3.     ACN – Nuhu Ribaɗo

4.     CPC – Janar Muhammadu Buhari

Waɗannan jerin sune manyan jam’iyyun da aka fafata da su a siyasar 2011. Bayan an kammala siyasa an yi zaɓe sai hukumar zaɓe ta tabbatar da nasara ga ɗan-takarar jam’iyyar PDP a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen kai tsaye wasu daga cikin ‘yan ƙasa suke ganin an tabka maguɗi yayin da aka kama zanga-zanga da ƙone-ƙone a wasu daga cikin jihohin Arewacin ƙasar.

          Bayan kowa ya dawo hankalinsa Jonathan ya ci gaba da gudanar da mulkinsa zuwa 2015, daga nan  ne wa’adinsa ya ƙare aka daɗa dawowa siyasa. Siyasar 2015 ta canja salo domin jam’iyyu ne suka yi gamayya domin su tankari jam’iyyar PDP mai gudanar da mulki a ƙasa. Haka aka yi gumurzu har aka zo zaɓe. Bayan kammala zaɓe sai jam’iyyar gamayya (APC) ta samu nasara a ƙarƙashin ɗan-takararta Janar Muhammadu Buhari.

Siyasar Jihar Jigawa Daga 2007 Zuwa 2015

          Gwamna Ibrahim Saminu Turaki shi ne wanda wa’adinsa na biyu ya kawo 2007 a tarihin siyasar jihar Jigawa. Shekarar 2007 shekara ce wadda za a sake sabuwar siyasa a jihar, an samu halartar shigar jam’iyyu mabanbanta aikin siyasar ta 2007, amma dai mafi shahara sune:

-         PDP – Sule Lamiɗo

-         ANPP – Sanata Ibrahim Kiri-Kasamma

Waɗannan sune mafi tasiri daga cikin jam’iyyun da suka fafata a wannan lokaci. Bayan an yi siyasa an gudanar da zaɓe, hukumar zaɓe ta tabbatar da nasara ga ɗan-takarar jam’iyyar PDP (Sule Lamiɗo) hukumar zaɓe ta bayyana sunansa a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓe. Haka aka yi kuma aka rantsar da Lamiɗo ya ci gaba da gudanar da mulki daga wannan lokaci zuwa 2011. Daidai wannan lokaci wa’adin Lamiɗo na farko ya ƙare.

A shakarar 2011 aka ƙara dawowa domin ƙara fafata siyasa, a wannan shekarar an ƙara samun abokan hamayyar siyasa amma dai waɗanda suka fi shahara sune:

-         PDP

-         ANPP

-         CAN

Bayan kammala zaɓe sai hukumar zaɓe ta tabbatar da nasara ga ɗan-takarar jam’iyyar PDP Sule Lamiɗo a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen. Lamiɗi aka rantsar da shi a karo na biyu kuma ya ci gaba da shimfiɗa gwamnatinsa da ayyuka na alkhairi irin wanda ‘yan jihar basu taɓa gani a tarihin jahar ba kamar yadda tarihi ya tabbatar.