Nazarin Littafi Mai Mummunan Zato

Na

SAMIRA ABUBAKAR WALI

Gabatarwa

Wannan dai aikin gida ne da ake bayarwa don auna fahimtarmu akan koyarwar da aka yi mana a cikin aji, domin a auna fahimtar mu.

Aiki ne da aka baiwa kowa mai laccar ALH 406 Comtemporary Prose in Hausa.

Aikin ya nemi kowa ya yi nazarin littafin da ake zube masa. A inda ni aka zaɓa mani littafin MUMMUNAN ZATO.

To zan yi nazari a hanyar gargajiya. A nazarin gargajiya ana amfani ne da dabaru guda biyu wato:

1.     Gabatar da littafi

2.     Jigonsa

3.     Salonsa

4.     Zubi da tsari da kuma

5.     Bayanin taurari

Gabatarda littafi

Littafin Mummunan Zato littafi ne da Halima Abdullahi K/Mashi (Mrs Sa’eed) ta wallafa kuma aka buga shi a copyright ©K/Mashi an buga shi ne a salanu Bookshop. Littafin mummunan zato ya na da shafi  ɗari da sittin (160).

Kuma babu wani cikakken tarihi game da wadda ta wallafa wannan littafi sai dai ana iya cewa mutumiyar Kano ce.

Haka kuma babu wani cikakken bayani game da dalilin rubuta wannan littafi sai dai mafi yawa littafan adabin kasuwar Kano ana rubuta su ne bisa ga sha’awa ko kuma neman kuɗi, don haka ana iya hasashen cewa shi ma wannan littafi an rubuta shi ne bisa ga dalili na sha’awa ko neman kuɗi.

Ƙunshiyar littafin

Littafin mummunan zato ya na ɗauke ne da labarin miji da matarsa, shi ne Alhaji Sadik da Hajiya Jummai da Aisha a inda take yawon zuwa wuraren boka, duk matar da ya aura ta na bibiya wuraren boka ta ne bi sa boka yana kashe su mutan.

Jigo

Saƙon da marubuci ke son isarwa shi ne jigo. Jigon wannan littafi bisa ga abin da ya bayyana a cikinsa shi ne Boka ba ya iya kashewa sai in Allah ya so misali dubi abin da aka yi wa amarya. Abin da ya soma ɗaga hankalin Jummai shi ne yau satin amarya biyu kullum tare jiran ta ji Alhaji.

 

 

Salo

Salo shi ne dabarun da aka bi wajen isar da saƙo, ko a ce salo shi ne dabarun jawo hankali, waɗannan sun ƙunshi har da irin su aron kalmomi, da sarrafa harshe, irin amfani da karin magana da su amfani da jimsawa, kamance da sauransu.

Haka salo ya ƙunshi amfani da zaɓen kalmomi da tsara jumloli yadda ya kamata.

a.    Aron Kalmomi: Tsam ta miƙe neja ta bita da kallo, ta shige (toilet) ta ɗauro alwala. (Mummunan Zato 107).

b.    Karin Magana: Karin magana zance ne gajere mai faɗakarwa (Ɗanyaya, 2007). Amfani da karin magana ana kallonsa a matsayin nuna gwanintar harshe.

c.    Jinsawa: Jinsawa shi ne ɗaukar halayyar wani jinsi a liƙawa wani jinsi. Jinsawa ta kasu zuwa gida uku:

i.                   Mutuntarwa

ii.                 Dabbantarwa

iii.              Abuntarwa

d.    Kamance: Kamance shi ne kwatanta wani abu da wani abu don mai sauraro ko karatu ya kalli wanda ake kwatantawa kamar wanda aka kwatanta da shi.

Kamance ya kasu gida uku ne:

i.                   Daidaito

ii.                 Fifiko

iii.              Kasawa

A wannan littafin an samu kamance daidaito kamar haka:

“Ta ƙosa ta koma ɗaki don jinta take tamkar kan ƙaya”. (Mummunan Zato: 136).

Shi kuma kamancen fifiko shi ne wanda ake nuna abin kwatantawa ya wuce abin kwatantawa da shi. Ana amfani ne da kalmomi wajen yin sa irin su fi, zarce, wuce da sauransu.

Shi kuma kamancen kasawa shi ne wani da ake samu abu bai kai kamar wannan abin ba, misali;

“Ta ce a’a tare can ni bazan iya jan mota ba”. (Mummunan Zato: 90).

Zubi da Tsari

Zubi da tsari ya ƙunshi:

1.     Buɗewa da rufewa

2.     Dabarun ƙulla labari

3.     Tsarin babuka

 

a. Buɗewa da Rufewa:

Wannan littafi an buɗe shi da irin buɗewar da ake ya yi a yanzu, wato a soma da bayanin abin da ke tsakar littafi ko abin da yake ƙarshe. A wannan littafi an soma da cewa:

“Ya shigo gida cike da fara’a  yana faɗin ina ummar yaron gidan nan ne?”

Rufewar wannan littafi haka take kamar na ɗan uwansu ne adabin kasuwar kano, wato a kan tsaya ne a wurin da dole sai ka nemi littafi na gaba don ganin abin da aka soma ba a gaba ba. Misali,

“Domin ba ta ja da maganan bokayen nan guda biyu don sune abin dogaronta, wa yanzu billa shin hakan ta kasance”?.

b. Dabarun Ƙulla Labari:

A gaskiya marubuciyar ta yi ƙoƙari matuƙa wajen ƙulla labarin ta da ta rubuta domin labarin ta ya na tafiya daidai wa daida, domin an san inda aka nufa a cikin labarin da ta ke bayarwa.

c. Tsarin Babuka:

Tsarin babuka na nufin yadda aka karkasa littafin. A wannan littafi an yi amfani ne da kalmomin lissafi ne irin su ɗaya, biyu, uku, wajen tsara babukan.

Taurari

Taurari a wannan littafi ana iya kasa su gida biyu:

Manyan Taurari:

Manyan taurari anan suna nufin waɗanda suka fi taka rawa:

1.     Alhaji Sadik Umar K.T: Shi ne tauraro na ɗaya a cikin wannan littafi domin shi ne wanda yafi haskawa a cikin littafin kuma shi ne mai gidansu.

2.     Hajiya Jummai: Hajiya Jummai ko tana cikin taurari da suka haskaka a cikin wannan littafi.

3.     Aisha – ita ma tauraruwa ce a cikin wannan littafi.

4.     Abdulrahman – shi ma babban tauraro ne.

5.     Jafar – shi ma babban tauraro ne.

6.     Munnir – shi ma babban tauraro ne.

7.     Sulaiman  – shi ma babban tauraro ne

8.     Ishak – shi ma babban tauraro ne.

9.     Mustafa Gumel

10. Boka na kan dutse

Ƙananan Taurari

1.     Murja                                                          11. Hajiya Karima

2.     Jamilu                                                         12. Zainab

3.     Malam Mamuda                                          13. Suwaiba

4.     Rukayya                                                     14. Safiya (Sofy)

5.     Amina                                                         15. Suwaiba (Suby)

6.     Hafsat                                                          16. Mr. Joseph

7.     Malam Dari                                                 17. Aunty Hasiya

8.     Fatima                                                         18. Rahina

9.     Nafisa                                                          19. Alhaji Najib

10. Sadiya                                                         20. Hajiya Ummi

Kammalawa

An ga yadda aka soma gabatar da littafin ta hanyar bayyana sunan marubuciyar da kamfanin da ya buga da kuma ƙunshiyar littafin da jigo da salo da zubi da tsarinsa da kamancen da sauransu.

Manazarta

Atuwo, A. A. (2017). Lacca Aji da ya Gabatar wa Ɗalibai ‘Yan Aji Huɗu ALH 406. Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato.

 

 Bincike game da al’adun ko wace al’umma (wanda kuwa Hausa ma na ɗaya daga cikin al’ummu) abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Hakan ne zai sanya a killace ko kundance ire-iren al’adun da suke suke barazanar ɓacewa. Kasancewar aure ɗaya daga cikin mafiya muhimmanci daga cikin al’adun Bahaushe wanda kuma addini a ƙarfafa (Ibrahim, 1985), akwai buƙatar irin waɗannan bincike game da al’adun da ake gudanarwa yayinsa (aure). A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, za a iya kallon amfanin abinci a wani matsayi makusancin amfanin rayuwa (Yabo, 2006). Kenan akwai buƙatar gudanar da wani bincike wanda zai karanci irin sauye-sauye da aka samu game da ire-iren abincin da ake samarwa yayin bukukuwan aure da kuma na haihuwa a ƙasar Hausa, sannan ƙasar Sakkwato a keɓance.

Lura da bayanan da ke sama, ana sa ran wannan nazari ya waiwayi muhimmancin abinci musamman yayin bukukuwa. Sannan aikin zai kawo ire-iren abincin da ake amfani da su yayin bukukuwan Hausawa a da (bukin aure da na haihuwa). Baya ga haka, aikin zai dubi yadda abin yake a yau. Wato irin sauye-sauyen da zamani ya zo da shi a wannan ɓangaren na abincin bukukuwan Hausawa. Daga ƙarshe kuma ake sa ran aikin ya nazarci irin cigaba da kuma koma baya da wannan canji ta fuskar abincin bukukuwan Hausawa zai iya samarwa.

Daga ƙarshe, kamar yadda aure ke da muhimmanci tare da gurbi na musamman (Abdullahi, 2008), sannan abinci ya kasance a wani matakin dole ga rayuwar Bahaushe (Yabo, 2006), kenan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gudanar da bincike kansu. Wato musannam idan aka yi la’akari da tasirin sauye-sauye da cigaban zamani a kansu. Wannan nazari zai kasance mai alfanu ga al’adar Hausawa a matsayin wani kundi da ya killace ilimi dangane da abin da ya shafi abincin bukukuwan Hausawa.

 

 

 

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Abdullahi, I. S. S. (2008). Jiya ba Yau ba: Waiwaye a Kan Al’adun Matakan Rayuwar Maguzawa na Aure da Haihuwa da Mutuwa. Kundin digiri na uku wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Abdullahi, M. (1997). “Bukukuwan Musulunci a Garin Maidahini a Ƙaramar Hukumar Mulki ta Bunza.” Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Abu, M. (1985). Al’adun Aure da Canje-canjensu a Katsina. Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

B/Kebbi, M. A. (1997). “Yanayi da Tsarin Al’adun Aure a Birnin Kebbi.” Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Babajo, S. A. (2001). “Yaji da Biko a Auren Bahaushe.” Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

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