TAFIYA DA WAIWAYA TANA MAGANIN MANTUWA (Duba Cikin Gurabun Zangunan Gwagwarmayar Ƙasar Hausa, Harshen Hausa da Hausawa Jiya da Yau)

Takardar da aka gabatar a taron Ranar Hausa ta Duniya, ƙarƙashin Jagorancin Dandalin Fasaha da Adabi na Daular Usmaniyya (Caliphate Arts and Literary Forum B18, K7 Mall, Agai Road, Sokoto) Ranar Lahadi 18 ga Agusta, 2023 a ɗakin taron Kwalejin Fasaha da Ƙere-Ƙere ta Umaru Ali Shinkafi, Sakkwato da ƙarfe 10:30 na safe: Uban Taro Mai Martaba Sarkin Musulmi Alhaji Muhammadu Sa’adu Abubakar III.

TAFIYA DA WAIWAYA TANA MAGANIN MANTUWA

(Duba Cikin Gurabun Zangunan Gwagwarmayar Ƙasar Hausa, Harshen Hausa da Hausawa Jiya da Yau)

Daga 

Aliyu Muhammadu Bunza
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo
24^th ga Ogusta, 2023

Tsakure

Tunanin wannan bincike ƙyallaro matsayin Hausa da Hausawa da harshensu da al’adunsu na jiya a faifan karatun yau. Binciken ya waiwayi Hausawa mataki uku: Ya dube su tun shekaran jiya ban da jiya. Ya sake leƙo su shekaran-jiya, ya waiwayi inda aka kwana jiya, ya yanke hukunci a yau. An tsurawa matsayin harshen Hausa ido a cikin harsunan duniya da Afirka da Afirka ta Yamma da kuma gida Nijeriya, An ɗan ƙyallaro giɓin adadin matsayin da aka yi wa Hausa na zama harshe na (11) mai adadi masu magana da shi (150,000,000) a shekarar 2020/21. Da aka sake bita aka yi kirdadon yawan masu magana da harshen za su tunkari (250,000,000) zuwa 300,000,000). An gano a halin da ake ciki harshen Hausa na da dukkanin abubuwan da harshe ke buƙata ya zama harshen ƙasa a yi karatun ilmi da shi. Binciken ya gano lallai mulkin mallaka bai yi tasiri ga zukatan Hausawa yadda ya yi tasiri a zukatan wasu al’ummomi da aka yi wa shi. Keɓe Ranar Hausa Ta Duniya wani ƙalubale ne ga Nijeriya ta gaggauta ɗabbaka dokar amfani da harsunan gado a makarantu. Lokaci ya yi na hukuma ta sa hannunta ga bukukuwan “Ranar Hausa Ta Duniya” domin fito da dokokin da za a tallafa wa harshen Hausa ya kai na hannu gida.

Gabatarwa

Ƙarni da muke ciki ya saɓa wa dukkanin ƙarnukan da suka gabace mu. Abin lura a nan shi ne, ƙarni ne da addinai suka bunƙasa aka durƙusar da maguzanci. Na biyu, ƙarni ne da ilmukan addinai da sana’a suka wanzu aka yi wa jahilci kushewa. Haka kuma wayewar kai ya samu aka gargaɗi mulkin mallaka. Yancin da ya biyo bayan waywar kai ya harantar da bauta da yaƙe-yaƙe da makaftaccen mulki da ƙazantattun hukunce-hukunce. Da haka jama’a suka samu tazarar zirga-zirga, da ƙaurace-ƙaurace, da cuɗanya da wasu al’ummomi, da kaka gida a wurare daban-daban duniya ta yi kusan zama abu ɗaya. Cikin haka aka samu kutsawar taɓarɓarewar al’adun mutane na gargajiya, da masassara tare da mutuwar wasu al’adu, da salwantar harsunan asali, da ɓatan dabon tarihi da al’adunmu nagartattu. Wannan shi ne dalilin yi wa bincikenmu take: Tafiya da Waiwaya Tuna Maganin mantuwa. To bisimillah! An haɗa malamai faɗa.

Shimfiɗa

Duniyar jiya ɗauke take, kowa kansa kawai ya sani da harshensa da masu magana da shi, da nahiyar da suka mamaye. Kimanin farfajiyar ƙasar da al’ummomin duniya suka mamaye an kasa su kashi bakwai (7) wanda a Ingilishi ake kira “Continent” na fassara shi da “Nahiya”. Ga yadda tsarinsu yake a tartibin girmansu daga babba zuwa ƙarami:

Yawan Ƙasashensu:

1.                  Asia    Asiya                                      48

2.                  Afirca             Afirka                         54

3.                  North America         Amerika-ta-Arewa   23

4.                  South America          Amerika-ta-kudu                 12

5.                  Antaractica                Antatika/Tsibirin Ƙanƙara (Kango)

6.                  Europe                       Turai                                      44

7.                  Australia                    Astraliya                                14

Wayewar kai na duniya da fahimtar juna ya sa aka fasa duniya zuwa farjajiya bakwai (7). Daga nan mazaunan nahiyoyin suka karkasa kansu zuwa farfajiyoyin da suka mamaye aka samu ƙasashe ɗari da tis’in da biyar (195) a duniyarmu ta yau. A cikin wannan farfajiyar nahiyar Afirka tana da ƙasashe hamsin da huɗu (54). Ƙasar Hausa inda Bahaushe yake tana nahiyar Afirka, ko a nahiyar Afirka tana sansanin duniya baƙaƙen fata da aka yi wa ɓangaren sunan West-Africa Afirka ta Yamma.

1.                  Benin

2.                  Burkina Fasso

3.                  Cape Verde

4.                  Cote D’Ivoire

5.                  Gambia

6.                  Ghana

7.                  Guniea

8.                  Guniea-Bissan

9.                  Ivory Coast

10.              Liberia

11.              Mali

12.              Manritania

13.              Niger

14.              Nigeria

15.              Senegal

16.              Sierra Leone

17.              Togo

Hausawa da harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa da sana’o’insu babu ƙasa daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe da ba su ratsa ba. Cikin ƙwazon Bahaushe da cigaban duniya sai harshen Hausa ya kutsa nahiyoyi daban-daban na duniya har ya kai ga ficen da yake da shi a yau (2023). Wannan ‘yar shimfiɗar ba ta tsayi da ƙafafunta sai an san wane ne Bahaushe?

Wane ne Bahaushe?

Taƙaddamar tantance wane ne Bahaushe tana buƙatar a nazarci kalmar “Bahaushe” bisa ga tunanin masu harshen. A ginin kalmomin Bahaushe yakan dasa harafin “b” da wasalin “a” ga sunan ƙabila ko harshen, mutane ba tare da taɓin ainihin sunan da suke yi wa harshe ko ƙabilarsu ba. A wasu lokuta hausantaccen sunan da ya ƙaga wa al’ummar da yake tare da ita, yakan dasa wannan harafin “b” da wasalin “a” watau “ba” a gaɓar farko na sunan. Dubi sunayen ƙabilar Yoruba da Fulani da Gurma da Arab da India da za a ga ya ce: Bayarbe, Bafulatani, Bagurme, Balarabe, Ba’indiye, haka zuwa. Asalin sunan Bahaushe shi ne “Hausa” shi ne sunan harshensa, sunan ƙasarsa, da sunan al’adunsa, da sunansa shi kansa da yake yi wa kansa da wanda wasu ƙabilu ke yi masa.

Cikin wannan rugumutsin nahawu wasu ke ganin cewa, asalin kalmar Hausa daga “Baushe” ne gawurtaccen mafarauci. Wurin da gizo ke saƙa shi ne, wa ya raɗa masa sunan? Shi kansa, ko wasu? Masu ra’ayin “Hau + sa = Hausa” mai hawan sa, to gabanin ya samu san hawa, mene ne sunansa? A wata fatawa an ce, daga “Habasha” ne aka samu Hausawa. To a can habasha ba sunan harshen su ba ne wato ba “Habasha” suke kiran harshensu ba. Haka kuma, ba “Habasha” suke kiran ƙasarsu ba, Larabawa ke kiranta haka. Zancen Abu Yazid As-Sulɗani “Bayajida” ya yi kama da tatsuniya domin ya taras da ƙasa, da garuruwa, da sarauta, da harshe. Me ya ƙago a ciki? Har yanzu ba a ambace shi ba. Yin wannan dogon tunani ya ba ni damar dafa kafaɗar masana irin su Adamu (1975) na ce, a tunanina Bahaushe shi ne, wanda:

1.                  Ya yarda Bahaushe ne da kansa.

2.                  Ba ya da harshen gado sai Hausa.

3.                  Da al’adun Hausawa yake tinƙaho.

4.                  Mahaifinsa da kakansa da kakanin kaninsa Hausawa ne.

5.                  Ba ya da wata ƙasa sai ƙasar Hausa.

6.                  Ya kasance yana cikin wata zuriya daga cikin zuriyar Hausawa.

7.                  A same shi da karin harshen zuriyarsu na Hausawa.

8.                  Taƙadarun santukan Hausa su gogu a lafazinsa.

9.                  Samun tsagar gado walkam ne shiga rijiya da dawo.

10.              Matsakaicin zati da gajeruwar suma/gashi kai cikon sunna ne makaho da waiwaya.

11.              Samunsa baƙar fata ya kasance nashin ƙasa babu kure.

A da, gabanin duniya ta kasance gida ɗaya lokacin da mutanen nahiyoyi da farfajiya ba su fara cuɗanya wajen kadadarsu ba, da waɗannan ma’auni goma sha ɗaya (11) ake gane Bahaushe da zuriyar da ya fito ciki. Lura da waɗannan turaku ya ba ni damar cewa:

Bahaushe shi ne, wanda ya tsira a ƙasar Hausa, ya yarda da zamansa Bahaushe, kuma ba ya da harshe sai harshen Hausa. A taliyon salsalarsa, duk da harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa ake bugun gaba. Samunsa cikin gurbi daga gurabun zuriyar Hausawa tilas ne, kamar yadda harufan Hausa na asali ba sa tangarɗa a lafazinsa. Bayyanar tsagar gargajiya (ta fuska) da ƙirar zati ta kakani wata madogara ce babba.

Bahaushe A Shekaran-jiya-Ban-da-Jiya

Tunani na a nan kallon Bahaushe tun ana zaman nahiyoyi gabanin a ɓaɓɓarke zuwa farfajiya. A wannan zamanin zuriyar Hausawa wuri ɗaya suke cikin nahiyoyi/farfajyar ƙasar da suka mamaye. A shekaran-jiya-ban-da-jiya, Hausawa na rarrabe junansu ta fuskar:

1.                  Harshensu

2.                  Zuriyarsu

3.                  Al’adunsu

4.                  Kirar zatinsu

5.                  Ɗabi’unsu.

 

Za a same shi da tantagaryar harshensa na gado karin harshen yankinsu da Hausar rukunin da ya kasance lafiya lau. Bahaushen lafazi ya zauna a bakinsa abin so ne a ji yana furta kalmomin Hausa sambai a tabbata:

i)                   Ba a son a ji sauya lamirin suna: maimakon, “Allah Ya ce”, ka da ya ce: “Ta ce”

ii)                 Kalmomi masu ƙugiya su kuɓuta: ɓarawa ba barawo ba, ƙya ba kaya ba.

iii)               Tagwayen sautuka su samu: tsawa ba sawa ba, gyaɗa ba jada ba.

iv)               Tagwayen wasula a ji su ragwai: ƙaura ba kawara ba, guiwa ba giwa ba.

v)                 Ɗauri ya fita sosai: maiwa ba newa ba, Daura ba Dora ba.

Zuriyar Bahaushen shekaran-jiya-ban-da-jiya ita ce fitacciyar zuriya da dangogin Hausawa suka fito a ciki sun haɗa da:

 

Kabawa

Kanawa

Zamfarawa

Gobirawa

Arawa

Gubawa

Gimbanawa

Katsinawa

Zagezagi

Maraɗawa

Kutumbawa

Al’adunsu sanannu ne na matakan rayuwa da suka haɗa da bukukuwan aure, haihuwa da mutuwa. Bukukuwan kafa gari, kafa kasuwa, da sauran daji. Daga cikinsu akwai bukukuwan sana’ar noma da su da farauta da gayya da sarakkuci da tagunanci, da cimaro da dai sauransu. Bahaushe bai gaji rawan mata da maza wuri ɗaya ba ko cikin rawar bankaura. A Hausance ba a san dottijo da yin rawa ko ya yi kirari ko da a fagen yaƙi ne, sai dai jiki ya ɗau mazari yara su yi hitara. Bukukuwan aza gemu da kamun gwauro, da kai bante wasu al’adun tabbatar da ɗiyauci ne da tsare girma da kamun kai da tabbatar da kamalar mutunci da riƙon amana. Wanda ya aza gemu ya wuce ƙarya, ba ya aikata assha, ba ya shekara gwauro, ya’yan Hausawa mata da budurcinsu ake kai su ɗakunan mazansu.

Ɗabi’unsu ɗabi’un gado ne da aka taras kaka da kakani. Waɗannan ɗabi’u su ne:

1.                  Gabaci

2.                  Gaskiya

3.                  Nagarta

4.                  Biyayya

5.                  Kunya

Gabaci

A jiya Hausawa da girmama gabaci aka san su. Babu wani rukuni na Hausawa da ba shi da gabaci. Cikin yara akwai sarautar Maiyara. Cikin matasa akwai Maisamari. A wajen budare akwai Maduga. Matan aure na da uwar Adashi, suna da Magajiya da Uwar Ɗaki. Fatake na da Madugu, tsofaffi na da Jagaba, cikin ƙattan gari ake samun Kartagi. Babu sana’a daga cikin sana’o’in Bahaushe da ba ta da sarki. A da ƙasar Hausa cikakken tsaro gare ta duk abin da ya faru akwai wanda ake tunkara a gano dalili: A yanayi da tsarin iko a ƙasar Hausa ba a san tawaye da zanga-zanga, da bore, da tashintashina, da juyin mulki ba. Komai tsananin adawar sarauta da iko da an ayyana shugaba Bahaushe ya gaji miƙa wuya da jiran nasa lokaci. Ya gaji bar wa Allah al’amari da miƙa wuya ga hukuncinSa. Dr. Ibrahim Narambaɗa ya yanke hukuncin haka a faɗarsa:

Jagora: Sarauta ban da nufin Allah ce

Yara: Da ɗibat ta akan yi da ƙarfi,

: Waɗanga da nag gaza ganewa

: Da sun ga ana haka nan da sun yi

Jagora: Wane a dangana tun ga uwaye

Yara: Ba duka ɗan sarki ba ka samun sarki

Gindi: Gogarman Tudu jikan sanda

  : Maza su ji tsoron ɗan mai Hausa.

Magabata sun ce, wanda duk ya bi ana bin sa, wanda ya ƙi kuwa ya san cewa, ba ka tuɓe sarki ka yi sarki.

 

Gaskiya

Duk wani abu da yake daidai yadda ya kamata ya kasance ya kasance, a wajen Bahaushe sunansa “gaskiya” don haka yake da karin magana “gaskiya sunanta gaskiya”. Duk wani abu da ba daidai ba, a wajen Bahaushe sunansa “rashin gaskiya” da wuya kalmar ƙarya ta yi jewaɗi cikin adabinsa domin bai yarda da ita ba, bai kuma yarda ana yin ta ba. Hatta da addini a tantagaryar Hausa sunansa “Ban Gaskiya”. Ai don haka yake cewa: “Tsafi gaskiyar mai shi”. Marashi gaskiya ba a abota da shi, ba a ba shi aure, ba a doguwar hulɗa da shi, balle ya shugabanci wani muhimmin al’amari na al’umma. Dalilin Dr. Narambaɗa ke nan na yi wa Sarkin Gobir Amadu suna da gaskiya:

Jagora: Na hore ki gaksiya bari tsoron ƙarya

Yara: Mai ƙarya munahuki Allah su Yaƙ ƙi,

Jagora: Har yau ba mu ga in da anka yi mai ƙarya ba.

Yara: Amma ita gaskiya

Gindi: Gari da mutane tay yi

: Gwarzon shamaki na Malam toron giwa

: Baban Dodo ba a tamma da batun banza.

 

Nagarta

Shekaran-jiya-ban-da-jiya babu Bahaushen da ba manomi ba, babu wanda ba mafarauci ba. Da sarki da talaka da mai akwai da moro kowa noma ne sana’arsa ta farko. Babu zauna gari banza, da ɗan dandi, bale sata da fashi su samu mai belinsu. Ayyukan ƙwazo da nagarta sarautu gare su na musamman domin fitar da maza tsakanin mazaje. Muna da sarautu irin su:

Zarummai: Babbar sarauta ce ta gari

Barade: babbar sarauta ce ta gari da sana’a

Barde: Babbar sarauta ce ta sana’a da ƙwadago

Sadauki: Sarauta ce ta jajirtacce namijin tsayayye ga hidimomi

Sarautun nagarta akan same su a fagen noma, farauta, fatauci, dambe, kokuwa, da makamantansu. Dubi yadda Amali Subugu ya koɗa Zarummai Aikau:

Jagora: Yana yi ma aiki kamag gudun ƙato

: In ya hangi gobara

Yara: Muddin yas san gidansu tak kama

Jagora: Ban san mai tare shi ba

Yara: Rannan ko galɓi an kawa hanya

: Sai dai yai ƙire biyu

Gindi: Ya riƙa aiki da gaskiyar Allah

: Bai saba ba da zama

: Aikan jikan Tayawa ɗan Mamman

: Kunkelin fashin ƙasa.

 

Ire-iren waɗannan ayyuka suka hana samun ɓata gari da zauna gari banza a farfajiyar ƙasar Hausa. Wanda duk ya kasa kasancewa nagartacce ba ya da wurin shaƙatawa a ƙasar Hausa. Me ya haifar da ‘yan daba da ‘yan satar amarya da ‘yan damfara da caca da ‘yan kore da ‘yan a-ja-mu-a-kai-mu, a wannan ƙarni? Rashin waiwaya shekaran-jiya-ban-da-jiya.

 

Biyayya

A wajen Bahaushe biyayya ibada ce, don haka yake da karin maganan bin na gaba bin Allah. A al’adance gabaci ma’auni ne, don haka yake cewa, ga na gaba ake gane zurfin ruwa. Idan gaba ta yi wa gabanta biyayya, dole na baya gare ta su yimata biyayya domin wurin da sanuwar gaba ta sha ruwa nan ta baya za ta tsoma bakinta. Biyayya ga Bahaushe ta soma tun tsakanin mata da miji, mahaifa da yaransu, yara da yannensu, babba da yaro, maigida da bara, malami da ɗalibi, uban gida da bawa, baƙo da ɗan gida, matambayi da mai amsa, mai aike da ɗan aike, mai bayarwa da mai karɓa, mai kyauta da mai roƙo, mai tukuici da ɗan aike, ga su nan dai. Bahaushe ba ƙaramin bibiya yi wa ladabi da biyayya ba. Dubi yadda Dr. Narambaɗa ya kori biri a fada saboda ƙoƙarin yin ɓatanci da rashin biyayya ga gabaci:

Jagora: Kai tashi biri tsohon maɓannaci

            :  Karen ɓiki bai ɗau shawararka ba

Yara: Shi maganar giwa yake riƙe

J/Yara: Ku ce wa biri duk dabbar da ac cikin daji

Yara: Giwa taka biya

Gindi: Ya ci maza ya kwan shi ne shire,

            : Gamda’aren Sarkin Tudu Alu.

 

Biyayya ta sa yau daulolin ƙasar Hausa sun fi ƙarni goma da kafuwa shekara dubu (1000) amma tarihinsu bai kau ba, sarautunsu ba su salwanta ba, gabacinsu na nan tare da su. Daular Kano ta fi shekara dubu (1000), Katsina ma haka Zamfara haka domin Kwatarkwashi ta yi shekara (600) Anka ta yi (1000) har yau 2023 gidajen sarautunsu ba su salwata ba, tsage-tsagen gargajiya na fuskokin suna nan daram. Babu rubutun da zai yi ƙarni goma in ba kan dutse aka yi shi ba.

 

Kunya

A tunanin Bahaushe kunya wata ƙawa ce ta mutuncin mutane a ko’ina aka rasa ta an rasa mutunci. Manyan laifuka na kunya sun haɗa da: sata da shige da fyaɗe da kushuli da nema da kwartanci da danke, da karya alkawali, da zamba cikin aminci, da ƙarya, da sara da mutum sama, da shaidar zur, da shigan burtu, da sojan gona, da ƙin biyan bashi, da kasa mayar da buki, da dai makamantansu na sa a gudu a bar gari har abada. Al’ummar da ke da irin wannan tsari wane irin cigaba ke gagararta? Dottijon Bahaushe idan aka tambaye shi abu ya ba da bayani, aka sake tambayarsa domin gaskatawa kuka yake yi, wai ba a ɗauke shi mutumin kirki ba (Mungo Park da H. Birth). Akwai kunyar juna tsakanin ɗiya da mahaifa, surukai, sarakai da talakawa, maigida da yaransa/barorinsa, mata da maza, miji da mata, babba da yaro. A irin wannan halin yaya fitsara za ta yaɗu? Dole laifuka da ayyukan assha su ƙaura. Zaman lafiya da lumana ya shimfiɗa wa mazauna ƙasa tabarma. Dubi yadda aka gina wa yara tawakkali da gudun kunya a wasannin dandali yara maza:

Mai bayarwa:            Kililin-Kililin!

Masu karɓi:   Cilo Cilo!

Mai bayarwa:            Wata rana kuɗi,

Masu karɓi:   Wata rana tsiya.

Mai bayarwa:            Mai mota

Masu karɓi:   Ya shiga motatai.

Mai bayarwa:            Ba’askare

Masu karɓi:   Hura wuta balbal!

Mai bayarwa:            Kutumbi,

Masu karɓi:   Mai babban tako

Mai bayarwa:            Da sata

Masu karɓi:   Gara a lalace.

 

Ai ko kallon raini aka yi wa Bahaushe za ka ji ya ce: “Kai! Lafiya? Sata ko maita ko bashi”? A rayuwar Bahaushe ya ɗauki aikata aikin kunya shi ne ƙarshen zubar da mutunci, shi ya sa ko fagen wasa taurari kan yi kirari da faɗar:

Kunya muka tsoro

Mutuwa ta zama gado.

 

Wannan shi ne ɗan share fagen karatun ƙasar Hausa da Bahaushe da harshensa a shekaranjiya-ban-da-jiya. Yanzu sai shiga sabon karatu.

 

 

 

Bahaushe A Shekaran Jiya

A shekaran jiya abubuwa biyu suka riski Bahaushe a cikin ƙasarsa. A tarihin ƙasar Hausa waɗannan abubuwa sun yi tasiri sosai a rayuwar Bahaushe. Abubuwan da suka riski Bahaushe a ƙasarsa su ne:

1.                  Baƙin al’ummomi

2.                  Saukakkin Addinai.

Shekaran jiya ana cikin girkakkun dauloli, kasuwancin fataucin na bunƙasa, sunan manyan birane na bunƙasa musamman: Kano da Katsina da Zariya da Gobir da ‘Yandoto suka shahara. Daga nan aka fara hulɗa da manyan dauloli maƙwabta irinsu Daular Borno da Daular Nupe da Daular Oyo. Hulɗoɗi da yaƙe-yaƙe, da kasuwanci suka ƙara kusantar da Daulolin ƙasar Hausa da Daular Shongai da Gahana da Agades da Libya musamman Murzuk da Gat da Sebha ya zuwa cikin Morocco da Daular Mali da sauransu. Wannan hulɗar ta yi naso sosai a rayuwar Hausawa shekaran-jiya-ban-da-jiya ta rage tsawo zuwan shekaran jiya, domin:

1.                  Harshen Hausa ya sadu da wasu harsuna masu ƙarfi irinsa, sun yi naso cikinsa, shi kuwa ya yi naso cikin wasunsu. Daga nan ne wasu kalmomin Hausawa suka fara rikiɗa, wasu suka kumbura, wasu suka salwanta aka aro wasu suka wakilci wasu.

2.                  Al’adun Hausawa na matakan rayuwa da na siyasa da na bukukuwa suka fara rikiɗewa. Abubuwan da suka haddasa haka su ne zumuntar auratayya, ƙaura, kakagida, da yada zango da kiyon lafiya da tsaro da tattalin arziki.

Bayyanar saukakkin addinai wani babban juyin juya hali ne ga tarsashin rayuwar Hausawa. Ƙasar Hausa ta sadu da addinin Masihi ta hanyar Kano-Borno-Masar. Haka kuma, ta ɓangaren sahara saduwarsu da Buzaye jajaye. Cikin Sarakunan Gobir (384) wasu sun wanzu a zamanin. Haka kuma Daular Zamfara da Kabi da Katsina ba za su rasa shaƙen wasu aƙidojin addinin Masihi ba. A cikin littafin Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello Sardul kalami fi maa jaraa baini wa baina Abdus salaami an hararo maganar a riwayar tarihin Abdus Salami. Mujaddadi Danfodiyo ya ɗan ƙyallaro dasisar da suka dasa a littafansa wasiiƙatul Ikhwaani da Nurul Albaabi. Bayyanar addinin musulunci ya zama sha kundum. Tasirin da aka samu shi ne:

1.                  An kawar da addinan gargajiya da aƙidojinsu aka musanya da na saukakken addini daidaitacce.

2.                  Yaƙe-yaƙen jihadi da siyasarsa ya shiga cikin siyasar daulolin ƙasar Hausa ya raunana wasu, wasu sun salwanta gaba ɗaya.

3.                  Al’adun gargjaiya na shekaran-jiya-ban-da-jiya an rusa wasu, wasu an garwaya su, wasu an salwantar da su, wasu kuwa sun samu fasahar rubutu ta taskace su, sai suka samu ma’adana.

4.                  Jaddada addini kamar sake wa maras lafiya jini ne a ɗura mai wani sabo, babu gehen da ba a taɓa ba.  In haka ne kuwa babu wata al’ada da za ta tsira.

5.                  Juyin juya halin addini kawai ya taɓa, bai yi wa harshe da adabi garambawul ba. Haka kuma bai ci nasarar rusa tarihin daulolin Hausa da zuriyar Hausa da farfajiyar daulolinsu da yawansu na matsayin mutane ba.

 

Bahaushe a Jiya

Bahaushe da ƙasarsa a jiya ina nufin bayan karɓar iko daga Hausawa zuwa ga Fulani, daga Fulani zuwa ga Turawa, daga Turawa zuwa ga ‘Yan ƙasa, Ɗaulolin Hausawa na gargajiya, masu jihadi sun tarar da Musulunci cikinsu jaddadawa suka yi. Turawa suka rusa jaddadawar domin ta yi taƙin saƙa da aƙidojin addininsu; suka kafa mulki irin na al’adunsu da addininsu. Bayan da aka ci nasarar koran Turawa suka dasa dasisoshi na a bi turbarsu ko a tabbata kanu rarabe.

1.                  Na farko suka cire hannun kowane addini a tafiyar da siyasar ƙasa da Hausawa da sauran ƙabilun da ke ƙasarsu aka ɗora su a kan dokokin addinin masihu a kaikaice.

2.                  Na biyu aka cire hannun kowane harshe na gado da na addini a tafiyar da mulkin ƙasa aka ba Ingilishi dama shi kaɗai

3.                  Na uku aka rusa tsarin karatu da ilmin da aka taras wanda harshen Hausa da Fulatanci da Larabci ke jagoranci aka haddasa boko aka sallami sauran ilmuka a hukumance.

4.                  Aka tsattsage daulolin ƙasar Hausa wasu aka kai su ikon wasu ƙasashe mulkin Faransa, wasu mulkin Ingilishi, wasu aka yi musu goyo da ƙabilu daban-daban domin a rage musu ƙwarjini da ƙarfi. Ingilishi ya samu tazarar bunƙasa.

 

Maƙasudi

A fafitikar samawa Nijeriya ‘yancin kai ga Turawan Ingila babu wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar da Hausawa suka yi. Bature ba don kowace ƙabila ya gudu ya bar Nijeriya ba face Hausawa. Babu ƙabilar da yake shakkar barazanarta da gaba-da-gaba da ita kamar Hausawa. Babban abin da ya lura da Bahaushe da Hausawa da daulolinsu na riƙo damaƙui ga harshensu da addininsu da al’adunsu da siyasarsu su suka tilasta shi salon ikon “Indirect Rule” domin ya fahinci Bahaushe harsashe ne makarinka a kwanta, amma ba gaba da gaba ba. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya hanga akwai:

1.                  Yana da tarihin daulolin ƙasar Hausa sun yi yaƙe-yaƙen cikin gida tsakaninsu amma babu wadda ta rushe, babu wadda ta karaye, babu wadda ta miƙa wuya ga wata ko da na gurgusa in zanna ne. don haka mulkin ci-da-ƙarfi irin na mulkin mallaka ba ya razana su bale ya sake musu shawara.

2.                  Turawa sun tarar da Fulani sun jagoranci jihadin jadda addini a ƙasar Hausa, an ƙare kare jini biri jini Hausawa sun ƙi su ba da kai bori ya hau a siyasance domin babu daularsu da aka sake wa suna bale gidan sarauta. Wannan jajircewa ta Bahaushe, dole Turawa suka hau fatawar karin maganan yaya za ni yi da abin da ya gagari wuta inji kishiyar ƙonanniya?

3.                  Bature ya lura da cewa, Bahaushe taubashin mutuwa ne abin kunyarsa ya gan ta ya ruga. Ya lura da Hausawa aka ƙwato wa Ghana ‘yanci da su Asante suka yi amfani aka yaƙi Turawa. Su ke gaba a yaƙar Turawan Faransa a jamhuriyar Nijar. Da su aka yi artabun saturu 1906, aka kashe musu mutum dubu goma (10,000). Artabun da aka yi a Hadeja shahada suka ɗauke shi. Don haka a duk wurin da Hausawa ake da rinjaye Bature na tsoron shimfiɗa ikonsa na yaudara a nan.

4.                  Hausawa na da tsarin yaƙi daban-daban. Akwai na kwanton ɓaura, akwai na sari-ka-noƙe, akwai na shigan burtu, akwai na amazaya, akwai na ƙunar baƙin wake, akwai na komi taka zama ta zama, akwai na ga wuta ga masara, ga su nan dai. Ƙasashe da ƙabilu da daulolin da Bature ya ci da yaƙi ba su da waɗannan dabarun. Da ya yi yaƙin Maji-Maji da Mawo-Mawo a Tanganyika sai da ya zo Satiru (1906) Ya tarar da shan ruwan Rijiyar Satiru na maganin bindiga da Salon “Sakatari”.

5.                  Babban abin da ya tayar wa Bature da hankali ga Bahaushe shi ne, duk tsananin ikon da ya shimfiɗa ƙasar Hausa ba ya da Bahaushe ɗan leƙen asiri, ba ya da kuku. Hausawa sun ƙi yarda da Bature na yi masa leƙen asirin daulolinsu sai dai ya yi amfani da waɗanda suka ji Hausa, amma ba Hausawa ba. Haka kuma Bahaushe ya ƙi ba da kai bori ya hau ya kasance matar Bature mai tuƙa masa tuwo har mulkinsa ya ƙare, Ashe ba don Hausawa ba, da Ingila ta daɗe da gamawa da Nijeriya.

6.                  Bature ya kasa cusa soyayyarsa a zukatan Hausawa tsawon ikon da ya shimfiɗa a ƙasar Hausa. Ya lura sosai cikin ƙabilun duniyar baƙar fata da ya mallaka Bahaushe ne kaɗai da ya ƙi ya zama Bature a ɗabi’ance. Ya karanci Bahaushe sosai cewa:

a)                  Bahaushe bai sa kuncen Bature ko ya cire kaya ya ba Bahaushe, Bahaushe bai yarda da taba-jikin gajeren wando ba, bale ɗamarar Yahudu.

b)                 Bahaushe ya ƙi ya bar gashi/suma a kai irin yadda Bature ke yi.

c)                  Bahaushe ya ƙi yarda da fitsari da tsaye ko da Bamaguje ne

d)                 Har Bature ya gama wayonsa Bahaushe bai yarda da cin abinci da cokali/ƙoshiya (in ba kuturu ba) bale ci da hagu.

e)                  Ya kasa ara wa Bahaushe al’adarsa ta gaisuwar tsaitsaye ga gabaci, da ƙin cire takalmi, da tafiyar banga-banga tare da jagora.

f)                   Yau fiye da shekara ɗari (100) ya kasa cin nasarar gaisuwa ƙato da ƙatanya ta haɗa tafin hannu

g)                 Saka hular baba-ban-gan-ka-ba (ƙisalla) da sa kayan maza ga mata ya kasa samun maraba ga Hausawa a zamanin ikon Bature.

Hausawa na daga cikin ƙabilun baƙar fata da suka ƙi yarda Turawa su wulaƙanta su. Hausawa sun ƙi yarda da Bature a raye ko mace. Bahaushe ko ya karɓi addinin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka ba ya sauya sunansa zuwa ire-ien sunayensu. A ƙasar Hausa kawai aka ƙi a girmama matattun sojojin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka. Duba zuwa ga gawar Alavanta a garin Maikwari ta ƙaramar Hukumar Suru, da kaftin Kyias a garin Sawwa (1903), da Cleparton a garin Jangebe (ta gangaren kasuwar ganye/kayan Gwari a fadamar mazaunin din-din-din na jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sokoto) da Baturen da Mamman Eha ya kashe a garin Kuryar Madaro a jihar Zamfara.

 

Harshen Hausa a Faifan Hoton Harsunan Duniya a Yau

Fayyace adadin harsunan duniya da masu magana da su mawuyacin abu ne a duniyar (2023). Dalili na farko shi ne, a kowace sa’a mutuwa ake yi, haihuwa ake yi. Haka kuma su ma harsunan duniya wasu na masassara, wasu na suma, wasu na mutuwa, amma ba a samun masu tsira. Bisa ga kurdadon shekarar 2023 duniyarmu tana da kimanin mutane biliyan takwas da ɗagwari (8,000,000.00) a kan wannan adadin mutane duniya muna da:

1.                  Harsunan Duniya (7,500+)

2.                  Harsunan Afirka (2000-3000)

3.                  Harsunan Afirka ta Yamma (1000+)

4.                  Harsunan Nijeriya (525+)

5.                  Jiha mafi harsuna na Nijeriya, Bauchi (60+)

A Nijeriya jihohin Arewacin Nijeriya ke da cunkoson Hausawa duk da haka jahar Bauchi da ta fi kowace jaha harsuna a Nijeriya an ce manyan harsunanta biyu ne. Fulfulde da Hausa. Don haka babu saɓani ga kasancewar harshen Hausa na ɗaya cikin harsunan Nijeriya (525). A rahoton ƙididdigar adadin yawan masu magana da harsuna a duniya a shekarar 2020/21 an ayyana Hausa a matsayin gurbi na (11) daga cikin harsunan duniya (7,500) a ƙididdigar an bayyana Hausa na da masu magana da ita (‘yan asali?) su miliyan ɗari da hamsin (150,000,000). Ɗan giɓin da na hanga a ƙididdigar (in har ta inganta) shi ne:

i.An mayar da hankali a Nijeriya da Nijar da Ghana kawai. Akwai Hausawa zaunannun ƙasashen duniya fiye da (24) na tsawon karnuka ba a saka su ba. A sake bita a ga waɗannan ƙasashe:

ii.Saudi Arabi akwai Hausawa fiye da shekara (700+)

iii.Sudan tun 1980 BBC ta ruwaito akwai mutane (3,000,000) ‘yan Arewacin Nijeriya mafi yawansu Hausawa ne.

iv.A Togo 18/8/2023, Hausawan da ke ciki sun ce sun yi shekara 500 a ciki

v.Eriteria akwai Hausawa tun ƙarni na 16^th (Shekara 600)

vi.Hausawanda ke ƙasashen Turai adadin bai sa da su ba,

vii.A wasu ɓangarori na Nijeriya ba a kamo su ba, kamar Lagos Hausawa na ciki tun (1800), akwai adadin Hausawa 1,900 a Jos kimanin shekara (100) akwai Hausawa (900+) ciki. A Ilorin da Oyo akwai Hausawan da suka Yarbance tun ƙarni na (19^th) har yanzu 2023 da Hausa suke amfani

viii.Harsunan da Hausa ta cinye a Nijeriya suka mutu ba a saka su a adadin ba.

ix.Daulolin da ba na Hausa ba, da ke magana da Hausa a matsayiun harshen mu’amala (Harshe na biyu) irin su: Borno, Nupe, Damagaran, Yawuri, da Agades ba sa ciki.

x.A ɗan tunanina idan aka sake bitar adadin za a ga masu magana da harshen Hausa a duniyar 2023 za su tunkari milinyan ɗari biyu da hamsin zuwa ɗari uku: (250,000,000-300,000,000) wanda zai ɗaga ta zuwa na 8 ko 7 a duniya.

Harshen Hausa a yau Lahadi 27/8/2023

Harshen Hausa a daidai watan Ogusta, 28/2023 yana bisa wani babban matsayi da ba ya buƙatar ba ni sani a cikin harsunan duniya. Yana da darajoji da kowane harshe ke nema ya samu shiga sahun gawurtattun harsuna. Ga su kamar haka:

1.                  Harshen Hausa yana da masu magana da shi kusan mutum miliyan ɗari uku (300,000,000) daga cikin mutane biliyan takwas na duniya (8,000,000,000).

2.                  Harshen Hausa yana da salon rubutu guda uku

a)                  Rubutun gargajiya (tahi)

b)                 Rubutun Ajami

c)                  Rubutun Boko

3.                  Harshen Hausa ya shiga ilmuka biyu na addini da na boko akwai Injila na Hausa akwai Ƙur’ani na Hausa

4.                  Harshen Hausa a fannin Boko kowane mataki akwai shi

5.                  Harshen Hausa yana da kafafen yaɗa labarai na cikin gida da waje fitattu a duniya

6.                  Harshen Hausa na da jaridu da mujallu a cikin gida da waje

7.                  Harshen Hausa ya shiga duniyar intanet da yanar Gizo ƙololuwar cigaban ƙarninmu.

8.                  Harshen Hausa ya samu karɓuwa a jami’o’in cikin gida da wajen Nijeriya musamman US, UK, Germany, China, Japan d.s.

Yanzu hukumar Nijeriya ta yi na’am da fara koyar da ilmi cikin harsunan gida, Hausa ita ce kan gaba. JIhar Bauchi ta fitar da dokar haka 24/08/2023. Madalla!

 

 

Sakamakon Bincike:

Ƙoƙarin Hausawa na rayar da “Ranar Hausa Ta Duniya” ba ƙaramin ƙwazo ba ne ga rayar da Harshen Hausa. Abin ban sha’awa ne a ce ƙasashen duniya sun karɓi wannan kira sosai tare da fito da hanyoyin inganta Hausa da sada zumunta da shirya fuskantar duk wani ƙalubale. A ɗan binciken da wannan takarda ta yi na hango cewa:

Bayar da addadin alƙalaman harsunan duniya da ake yi cikin intanet da Google akwai ‘yar matsala, akwai alamun farfagandar ƙabilanci da kushe wasu harsunan da ake adawa da su ta fuskar siyasa ko aƙida ko addini. Idan za a cire son rai Hausa za ta cira sosai a kan adadin da aka ba ta na 11. Haƙiƙa dole sai an gaggauta koyar da ilmin boko gaba ɗaya cikin harsunanmu na gado, in ana son su rayu ka da ingilishi da faransanci da Larabci su cinye su. Babu makawa ga Nijeriya face tabbatar da ilmukan boko cikin Hausa da Yoruba da Igbo. Na gano cewa daga cikin al’ummomin da Bature ya yi wa juyin mulki Hausawa kaɗai suka gagare shi murƙushewa har yanzu cikin yaƙi da su yake.

Naɗewa:

Hausawa da harshensu da al’adunsu guguwar juyin juya hali uku suka shiga. Bayan sun tashi da halayyarsu tsintsa son kowa ƙin wanda ya rasa wanda na kira da shekaranjiya-ban-da-jiya. Fice da keren manyan biranensu ya haddasa kwararar baƙi cikin daulolin su, harsuna da al’adu suka fara taho-mu-gama. Gaguwar jihadin ƙarmina 18^th da na 19^th sun yi kakkaɓar gara ga al’adun da suka yi kanta, wata sabuwar rayuwa ta bayyana. Kutsen da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi ya haddasa cikas gaba ɗaya ga daulolin da rayuwar mazauna ciki. Samun ‘yancin kai wani koma bayan cigaban mai ginan rijiya ne ga al’ada da siyasa da aƙidun Hausawa Duk da haka jajircewar Hausawa ta hana kwalliya ta biya kudin Sabulu. Hausawa da daulolinta da ba su yi ɓatan dabo ba, bale kirarin matsoraci suna nan daram! Mannanu ƙuda ya faɗa ƙwaryar alewa. Wanda duk aka haramta wa amfani da harshensa na gado an bautar da shi kuma an yi masa cutar da ba ta da magani face mayar masa da harshensa ya jagoranci rayuwarsa.

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