Ma’anar
Harshe
Harshe na nufin yare da ake amfani da shi wajen sadarwa tsakanin al'umma, wanda ya ƙunshi fitar da sautin kalmomi a bayyane ko a rubuce. Harshe faffaɗan al’amari ne da ya ƙunshi sautuka da kalmomi da jimloli da ake amfani da su cikin hanyoyi da sigogi na musamman da suka shafi ƙa’idojin amfani da harshe domin sadarwa a magance ko a rubuce.
Masanan irin su Farfesa Greg Downey da ke da ilimin kimiyyar harshe da
tarihin wanzuwar ɗan’adam a duniya da yadda ya kasance yana rayuwa tun fil-azal, sun
gamsu da cewa har yanzu ba a san takamaimen dalilin soma maganar ɗan’adam ba musamman duba da ‘yan uwansa na kusa a ƙwayoyin
halittu irin su birrai da gwaggwonin sa waɗanda suke ɗauke da kusan duk abinda ɗan’adam yake dashi na halitta,
amma su ba sa iya magana.
Don
haka bincike ya yanke cewar wasu ɓangarori da aka gani a ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan’adam waɗanda duk da cewa akwai shigen
su a ƙwaƙwalwar gwaggon biri, amma sun fi haɓaka a na ɗan’adam, ke da alhakin baiwa ɗan’adam wayewar furta magana da
amfani da harshe, waɗannan ɓangarorin sune 'Brocas area, da
'wernick area'.
Fara Yare a Duniya
Hasashe
dai na ilimi ya nuna cewa an soma amfani da harshe kimanin sama da shekaru 150,000 da suka gabata. Haka kuma binciken adadin
harsuna da masana suka yi yana nuni da cewa yarukan da ake amfani da su a
duniya sun kai kimanin 6000, sai dai binciken wasun su na nuni da samuwar su a
wasu shekaru ƙasa da lokacin da aka ƙiyasta soma yare a duniya.
Zantukan
da aka rinƙa samu a jikin kogunan duwatsu ya ƙara
zama hujjar cewar harsuna da yawa sun samo asali ne daga tsatso ɗaya, watau harshe ɗaya.
Asalin
Samuwar Harshe a Duniya
Harshe
ya soma ne a wannan duniyar kamar yadda aka faɗa tun da farko kimanin shekaru 150,000 da suka gabata yayin da
halittun zamanin suka haɓaka
wata wayewa ta soma amfani da shi (harshe) wajen sadarwa a tsakanin su. Amma
sanin asalin harshen da aka soma amfani da shi a wancan zamanin abu ne da har
yanzu masana ke bincike akai, wasu ma na ganin ba abu ne mai yiwuwa da za a iya
samu ba.
Ra’o’in
Samuwar Dukkannin Harsuna a Duniya
Masana
da yawa na cewar asalin dukkan harsuna sun
samo ne daga guda ɗaya tilo,
sannu a hankali suka rinƙa rarrabuwa. To amma da
yake da akwai ra'ayin masana daban-daban akan haka, zai fi kyau mu ji wasu daga
ciki kamar yadda ya zo a littafin 'Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa'
wanda Rabiu Zarruk, Abubakar Kafin Hausa da Bello S Alhassan suka wallafa a
shekarar 1990:
1. Ra'in Bow-Wow
Dangane
da labarin da ake kira Ra'in Bow-Bow, kalmomin da muke amfani da su a
harsunanmu na yau, sun faro daga sauti ne irin na halitta. Wai lokacin da Ɗan’adam ya fara magana, yana ƙóƙarin misalta sauti ne na
dabbobi da tsuntsaye da sauran halittu. Saboda haka, in mutum ya ga wani abu
yakan yi magana ne, bayan ya riya wani sauti a zuciyarsa. Sautin da yakan riya
kuwa, shi ne kamar kukan wani tsuntsu, ko motsin wata
dabba in tana tafiya, ko tana gudu, ko motsin ganye yayin da ake guguwar iska,
ko wanin waɗannan.
Wai haka ne abubuwa suka sami sunayensu a kowane harshe.
2. Ra'in Pooh-Pooh
Ra'in Pooh-Pooh
shigen na bow-wow ne. Shi yana cewa, duk kalmomi mafarinsu razana ce ko mamaki.
Larurar magana ce take kama Dan Adam yayin da wani abu ya razana shi ko ya ba
shi mamaki. A lokacin nan, duk abin da ya fito daga bakinsa ya zama sunan wani
abu. Saboda haka, a wannan ra'in kalmomin motsin rai, kamar a'aha! assha! haba!
kash! tir! wai! wayyo! yawwa! da sauransu, su suka fi kowanne tsufa a harshe.
3. Ra'in Ding-Dong
A
wannan ra'in, kwatancen kamannin abubuwa ko motsinsu shi ne asalin kalmomi a harshe. Watau da
farko Dan Adam ya yi ƙoƙarin samun laƙabin
abubuwa ne dangane da kamanninsu ko motsinsu. Saboda haka a nan, amsa-kama su
ne kalmomin farko a harshe.
4. Ra’in Hasumayar
Babila
A
wannan labarin cewa aka yi, can asali, duk ‘yan’adam harshensu ɗaya ne. Jikokin Annabi Nuhu sun gaji duniya bayan Ruwan Ɗufana. Sun yaɗu ƙabila-ƙabila, amma a sannan
harshensu ɗaya ne.
Daga baya, wasu 'masu taurin kai a cikinsu suka yi tunanin gina babban gari mai
suna Babila. Bayan sun gina garin sai kuma suka ga cewa za su iya gina
hasumayar da za ta kai su sama. Da hasumayar ta yi nisa sai ta rushe. Shi ke nan, duk wanda ya faɗɗo daga hasumayar dą wanda ke cikin garin sai bakinsa ya juye. Daga nan ne mutane
suka rarrabu kowa harshensa daban.
5. Ra’in Ajiyar
Allah
Ga abin
da wannan labarin ke cewa: Kamar yadda Allah ya halicci zanzaro da ilimin gini,
ya ba ƙudan zuma baiwar tattara
zuma dága furanni, to hakanan
ya ajiye wa dan Adam harshe. Dalilin wannan baiwa, duk inda mutum ya girma Sai
ya tashi da harshen wurin. Saboda haka, Allah ya ajiye harsuna ne a wurare
daban-daban na duniya. Saboda haka tun can farko idan al'umma ta
zauna a wani wuri shi ke nan, sai ka ji tana kiran abubuwa da sunayen da aka
ajiye a wannan wuri. (Asalin labarin dai shi ne kamar yadda ya zo a littafi mai
tsarki Alkurani cewa, tun lokacin da aka halicci Annabi Adamu aka sanarda shi sunayen dukkan abubuwa).
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.