Kasuwar Birnin Zariya Jiya Da Yau

This article is published in the Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture – Volume 1, Issue 1.

Murtala Isa
Sashen Koyar Da Harshen Hausa, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya, Kafanchan
Maitala2014@gmail.com

Da

Hamza Nuhu
Sashen Koyar Da Harshen Hausa, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan-Waya, Kafanchan
Hamzanuhu40@gmail.com

Tsakure

Wannan nazari ya gudana ne don ya binciko irin tasiri da matsayin da wannan kasuwa ke da shi a ƙasar Zazzau, tun daga dauri zuwa yanzu. Tattaunawa da ziyarar gani da ido tare da nazari, su ne manyan hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su wajen tattaro bayanan da aka gina aikin da su. An yi ƙoƙarin bibiyan tarihi da bunƙasar wannan kasuwa tun kafuwarta zuwa yau. Nazarin ya yi nasarar gano cewa kasuwar ta fi bayar da ƙarfi a ɓangaren ɗinki ne da kuma sayar da yadudduka. Sauran hajoji, ba safai ake samunsu ba a kasuwar sai dai nadiran. A ƙarshe, nazarin ya bayyana buƙatar faɗaɗa ko sabunta matsugunin wannan kasuwa da ake da ita, domin ta ƙanƙance ta zamo tamkar unguwa.

1.0 Gabatarwa

Hausawa kan ce: “Da na gaba ake gane zurfin ruwa”, kuma: da “tsohuwar zuma ake magani”. Al’adar kowane irin bincike ne musamman irin wannan fagen ilimi, ya yi bitar ayyukan da masana da manazarta suka yi, don kauce wa maimaita abin da aka riga aka yi aiki a kansa. Haka kuma, yin hakan zai bayar da haske dangane da yadda ya kamata a aza harsashin gina sabon da aka yi aniyar gudanarwa.

2.0 Waiwaye

Dhiliwayo, (1986) ya yi bincike ne kan asalin tarihin kafuwar garin Sabon-Gari, ya kawo bayanai bisa kasancewar Sabon-Gari a matsayin matattara mutanen da suka zo daga ɓangarori da dama na ƙasar Hausa, har ma da ƙasashen waje a dalilin kasuwanci da aikin gwamnati. Haka kuma, ya yi magana dangane da waɗanda suka zo don gudanar da sana’o’i daban-daban a yakin na Sabon-Garin. Idan an lura, sai a ga magana a kan kasuwar Zariya ashe ab une da ya kamata don ita ma a ga irin tata rawar da take takawa.

Ibrahim, (2018) ya yi bayani game da abin da baƙi suke kawowa ta fuskar kasuwanci da sana’o’i da yawan al’ummar Kano a ƙarni na 16. Irin sana’o’in da baƙi suka inganta su ya ce sun haɗa da; sufuri na zamani da sha’anin saƙar tufafin Hausawa da safara da ƙira da sassaƙa da fawa da rini da bugu da saye da sayarwa da sana’ar jima da sana’ar dako da sayar da kayan masarufi, kana ya kawo yadda baƙi suka zo suka saje da ‘yan gida ta fuskar sana’arsu. Cuɗanyar da baƙi da kanawa ta fuskar zamantakewar sana’a ya kai Kano ga tudun mun tsira. Kano ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwa a arewacin Nijeriya da ta shahara ta fuskar kasuwanci. Wannan ma shi ya sa Kano take zumunci da wasu ƙasashen maƙota.

Ibrahim ya yi bayanin sanadiyyar haɗuwar Kanawa da baƙin al’umma, da nuni kan kayayyakin kanawa da suka ara daga wajen baƙi kamar Buzaye da Gwanjawa da Inyamurai da Kwarori da Larabawa da Mallawa da Nufawa da Sinawa da Turawa da Yarbawa. Waɗannan bincike da aka gabatar sun nuna matsayi ne da tasirin kasuwanci a ƙasar Kano, wannann kuwa kasuwar cikin garin Zariya ne da tasirinta ga mutanen ƙasar da yanayin hajojin da ake samu a kasuwar za a bincika. Ashe ke nan wannan aiki, aiki ne da ya dace a gudanar da shi domin giɓin da aka bari babba ne ya kuma kamata a cike shi.

2.1 Ma’anar Kasuwa

Kasuwa dai kalma ce tilo wadda jam’inta shi ne kasuwanni. Abin nufi a nan shi ne keɓantaccen wuri da mutane ke taruwa suna saye da sayarwa shi ne kasuwa (Ƙamusun Hausa, 2006: 238). A wani faɗan kuma cewa aka yi: kasuwa ko wurin kasuwanci, wani wuri ne da mutane kan haɗu lokaci bayan lokaci dokin harkokin saye da sayarwa na kayayyakin buƙatu, dabbobi da wasu kayayyaki.

Idan aka yi la'akari da waɗannan bayanai, ashe ke nan za a iya cewa, kasuwa wuri ne ko yanayi da akan gudanar da mu'amaloli na saye ko tallatawa ko sayarwa da mutane suke yi a tsakaninsu.

3.0 Kasuwar Zariya

Wannan ita ce kasuwar da ta kasance a tsakanin Unguwannin Ƙaura da Limancin Kona wadda ake kira da suna “Kasuwar Zariya”. Wannan kasuwa ita ce babbar kasuwa a cikin birnin Zariya. Ta la’akari da iyakoka, za a iya cewa, ta yi iyaka ta gabas da Unguwar Ƙaura, ta yamma kuma da unguwar Limancin Kona, ta kudu ta yi iyaka da Karauka da Kusfa.

 3.1 Tarihin Faruwar Kasuwar Zariya

Abubakar (2020), ya bayyana cewa Kasuwar birnin Zariya kasuwa ce mai tsohon tarihi, wadda ta kasance tun lokacin mulkin Haɓe. A wancan zamani, kasuwar ita kaɗai ce a lardin Zazzau. Abin nufi a nan shi ne, idan ka tashi daga Zariya, har ya zuwa babban birnin tarayya Habuja, a wancan lokacin, ita ce kaɗai, kasuwa a ƙasar Zazzau. Wani abin sha’awa da kasuwar shi ne, a kullum ta ke ci, tun daga safe, har ya zuwa yamma. Abubakar ya bayyana asalin kasuwanni suna ƙarƙashin sarakuna ne, kuma su ne suke da alhakin kulawa da su

Dangane da wannan kasuwa, ana samun sauye-sauye a cikin wannan kasuwa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Lokacin mulkin Sarkin Zazzau Alu Ɗan Sidi, an sami sauyi da tsari ta fuskar kasuwanci. ‘Wasu sauye-sauye da ake samu, ya danganta ne daga lokacin mulkin sarakuna. Daga nan kuma, sai lokacin Sarkin Zazzau Jafaru Ɗan Isiyaku, shi ma an samu ci gaba sosai fiye da wanda aka samu a baya. A wannan lokaci ne aka sami sababbin gine-gine na zamani don an tsara layuka, an fitar da rumfuna waɗanda aka fara yi masu rufi da ƙofofi da sauransu. Daga nan kuma, sai zamanin Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Aminu. A lokacinsa ma kasuwar ta ci gaba da samun ci gaba. Tarihi ya nuna cewa, a wancan lokaci ne arzikin mutannen ƙasar Zazzau ya bunƙasa sosai, har ‘yan kasuwa suka bunƙasa suka yi ƙarfi ta fuskar kasuwancinsu. Haka kuma a wancan lokaci ne ‘yan kasuwa suka gane suna kasuwanci.

Bayan wucewar Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Aminu, sai kuma Sarkin Zazzau Alhaji Shehu Idris. A zamaninsa, an gyara gine-gine na kasuwar Zariya domin ƙoƙarin zamanantar da kasuwar don ta dace da zamanin da ake ciki. A cewar Sarkin kasuwar, wannan kasuwa ta sami ci gaba ta fuskoki da dama kuma ta bayar da gudummawa da suka haɗa da: samar wa matasa da dattijan wannan yanki ayyukan yi. A lokacin da aka kafa hukumar En’A (N.A) sai aka amshe alhakin kulawa da kasuwanni daga hannun Sarakuna aka miƙa wa hukumar ta (N.A) saboda karɓar kuɗaɗen haraji ya koma hannun hukumomin. To amma a da duk abin da ake yi a hannun Sarakuna ake yi, karɓar haraji duk Sarakuna ke yin sa. Hakazalika, raba filayen kasuwanni duk Sarakuna ke rabawa ga al’ummar gari. Wannan kasuwa ta Zariya ta sha bamban da sauran kasuwannin da ke ƙasar Zazzau, domin ita yawanci al’ummar cikin garin Zariya ne a cikinta. Ba kamar kasuwar Sabon-gari ba wadda wasu ƙabilun Nijeriya suke da wakilci a cikinta.

 3.2 Tsarin Kasuwar Zariya

Dangane da ire-iren hajojin da ake sayarwa a kasuwar Zariya ba wasu kayayyaki ne da ake zuwa da su daga wasu ƙasashen duniya na daban ba. Kaya ne da suka shafi buƙatar yau da kullum da ake nema a wannan yanki. Sai dai yanayin hajojin ya danganta da yadda tsarin kasuwar yake ne. Misali kasuwar tana da sassa daban-daban kamar dai yadda manyan kasuwanni sukan kasance. Idan aka dubi kasuwar, za a ga kusan kowace irin haja masu sayar da ita suna da matsuguni nasu na musamman wanda idan ana neman irin wannan hajar, wajen za a nufa kai tsaye.

A taƙaice wannan kasuwa tana da tsari mai kyau ta fuskar hajojinta. Abin nufi a nan shi ne, kowace haja tana da keɓantaccen wajen da aka keɓe domin hada-hadarta. Masu shaddodi da kyalle da sauran yadudduka ɓangarensu daban. Haka ma masu sayar da riguna asake da tokare da zabunai da sauransu ɓangaransu daban. Madunka hula sashensu daban, kazalika madunka rumi da surfani ɓangarensu daban. Masu dinkin singa (rigar sakawa) su ma wajensu daban. Masu kayan masarufi (proɓisions) daban nasu wajen yake. Nan dukawa da 'yan koli da ma'auna. Abin dai yana da ban sha'awa ga duk wanda ya ga tsarin kasuwar.

 3.4 Kayayyakin Da Ake Sayarwa A Kasuwar Zariya

Dangane da yanayin hajojin da ake sayarwa a wannan kasuwa ta Zariya, akwai hajoji da akan samu jefi-jefi, sai dai babban abin da aka fi sayarwa a wannan kasuwa bayan kayan abinci kamar masara da wake da gero da alkama da shinkafa da dawa da sauransu. Su ne yaduddukaɓda suka haɗa da: shadda da boyal da ƙyallen yin kaftani da alawayyo da akoko da atamfofi da yaduddukan hijabi da sauransu. Wasu daga cikin masu sayar da ƙyallayen sukan tafi Kano ne su yo sayayyarsu a Kantin Kwari da ke Kano, wasu kuma garin Abba da ke kudancin Nijeriya cikin Jahar Abiya. Masu sayar da leshi kuwa, bayan Kantin Kwari, sukan tafi kasuwar Balugun ko Oshodi da ke jahar Ikko.

Haka kuma, akwai maɗunka daban-daban da ke zaune a kasuwar. Akan sami maɗunka surfani kamar aska biyu da aska tara da tokare da zabuni da tsamiya da shakwara da babbar riga da wuyar windi da sauransu. Yawanci waɗannan maɗunka, akan kawo masu kayan aikinsu ne daga Kantin Kwari ko kasuwar Abubakar Rimi da ke Kano. Bugu da ƙari, akwai maɗunka hula, waɗanda akan kawo ma zare da malti da tuntu da sauransu su ma daga Kano.

Haka kuma, akwai dukawa da masu dillancin riguna irin na Sarakai kamar alkyabba da rawuna da kayan doki da sauransu. A yanzu kuwa akwai maɗunkan singa da cinko da fonis da sauransu. A taƙaice dai ana iya cewa maɗunka a kasuwar suna da matuƙar yawa, har ma kusan ana iya cewa, su ne suka kwashi kaso mafi tsoka daga cikin kasuwar. A gefe guda kuma akwai mahauta da masu sayar da kayan miya da kuma masu sayar da hatsi a kasuwar. Wani abin sha’awa shi ne kowane rukuni suna da shuwagabanninsu waɗanda suke jagorancin al’amarin da ya shafi irin hajar da suke sayarwa.

3.5 Ire-Iren Mutanen da ke cin Kasuwar Zariya

Bayani ya gabata cewa, yawancin masu yin kasuwanci a cikin kasuwar Zariya, mutanen cikin garin ne in ban da wasu kaɗan da suke daga ƙauyukan da ke gefen garin Zariya. Akan sami wasu ƙabilu a cikin kasuwar kamar Yarbawa, sai dai kuma duk da kasancewarsu Yarbawa, to amma fa haifaffun cikin Zariyan ne. A dunƙule dai, kasuwa ce da ta ƙunshi Zazzagawa. Abin nufi a nan shi ne, mutanenn da ke cikin garin Zariya ne ko ƙauyukan da ke zagaye da garin Zariyan.

 3.6 Matsayin Kasuwar Zariya A Yau

Dangane da matsayin kasuwar Zariya, a iya cewa kasuwar tana da babban matsayi musamman ta fuskar hajojin da ta shahara da samarwa kamar tufafi da yaduka. Ta fuskar ci gaba kuwa, ana iya cewa akwai bambanci tsakaninta da sauran kasuwannin da ke wannan ƙasar ta Zazzau. Dalili kuwa shi ne, ta ɓangaren ɗinki da sayar da ƙyallaye kasuwar ta ke bunƙasa, sauran sassa kuwa kullum daɗa yin baya suke yi. Abin nufi a nan shi ne, kayayyakin al’ada irin su mucciya da maburgi da matankaɗi da karauni da gammo da shedari da asabari da jallo da gago (Ludayi babba) da dutsen niƙa da turmi da taɓarya da sauransu, su ne suke daɗa yin baya a kasuwar.

Wani misalin kuma shi ne, a da can akwai karofin bakin kasuwa, wato wajen da akan yi rinin tufafi, amma yanzu abin ya lalace. Idan aka je wajen ma, ƙalilan ne matuƙa. Haka kuma ta ɓangaren saƙa da jima, a nan ma yanzu shiru kake ji kamar an shuka dussa. Wani abin takaicin ma dangane da kasuwar shi ne, mabuga da ake yawan kai riguna musamman na surfani don bugawa, yanzu sana’ar ta ja baya sosai, ta yadda wasu masu sana’ar ma sake sana’a suke yi.

Idan aka lura da waɗannan koma bayan da kasuwar ta samu a waɗannan ɓangarori, sai a ce bunƙasarta lallai ta bambanta da ta sauran kasuwanni. To amma kuma wani hanzari ba gudu ba a nan shi ne, shaharar kasuwar wajen saye da ɗinka riguna, shi ya taƙaita ta ya kuma taƙaita mata samun halartar baƙi daga waje. Haka kuma, yana da kyau a sani cewa ita ma wannan kasuwa ta samu canje-canje ta fuskar yadda take. Gwamnatin wannan Jihar Kaduna ta yi babban titi a jikin kasuwar wanda ya rage wa kasuwar girma duk da kasancewar ta ƙarama wadda ke da ƙarancin faɗin ƙasa. Wannan ya sanya kasuwar ta daɗa ƙanƙancewa, kusan ma a ce tana bisa tafarkin rugujewa in an yi la’akari da yadda tsarinta yake.

3.7 Sakamakon Bincike

Wannan taƙaitaccen nazari, ya gano cewa wannan kasuwa ta birnin Zazzau ta fi bayar da ƙarfi ne wajen maɗunka da masu sayar da ƙyalle. Haka kuma, ita wannan kasuwa ta kasance kamar makaranta ce ga yara masu koyon sana’a na wannan yanki, don kuwa yawancin yaran da suke mu’amala da wannan kasuwa, sai sun je galibi suke samun abin Karin kumallo. Bugu da ƙari, Wannan kasuwa mutanen cikin garin Zariya ne kawai suke sana’a a cikinta, sai dai kuma akan sami baƙi daga wajaje daban-daban da sukan kawo ɗinke-ɗinkensu. Har wa yau, masu sarauta daga sauran ƙasashen Hausa sukan aiko sayen rigunan sarauta a ciki, musamman wajen Sarkin dillalai na kasuwar. Sai dai kuma nazarin ya gano cewa wannan kasuwa ta ƙanƙance matuƙa, ta yadda take buƙatar sake matsuguni ko kuma faɗaɗawa.

3.8 Kammalawa

Wannan nazari a dunƙule idan aka lura, ya waiwaya dangane da tarihin kafuwar wannan kasuwa ta Zariya da yadda ta bunƙasa, da kuma yanayin canje-canjen da kasuwar ta riƙa samu, tun daga kafuwarta har ya zuwa halin da take a yau. Haka kuma, wannan nazari ya tantance yadda wannan kasuwa ta zamo tubalin gina tattalin arzikin wannan gari. A ƙarshe kuma ta haskaka dangane da yadda ya kamata wannan kasuwa a tallafa mata, don ta ci gaba da bunƙasa. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon ganin da nazarin ya yi na yadda kasuwar ta ƙanƙance ta matse ta yadda ko da ma Gwamnati za ta yi yunƙurin aiwatar da wani abu na ci gaba, ba za ta sami wajen yi ba, idan ba sauran ‘yan runfunan da suka yi saura a kasuwar za a ruguje ba.

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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2022.v01i01.019

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