wannan takardar ta yi ƙoƙarin duban matakan aiwatar sassaƙar turmi ne kawai a ƙasar Hausa.
Sassaƙar Turmi a Ƙasar Hausa
Dr. Rabiu Aliyu Rambo
Department of Nigerian
Languages
Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto.
Tsakure
Ganin cewar da yawa daga cikin al’umma ba su san irin
jerin matakan da masassaƙa kan
bi ba wajen aiwatar da sassaƙa, wannan
shi ya jawo hankalina domin in yi ƙoƙarin fito da waɗannan matakai daki-daki domin a
fahince su. Ganin cewa kayan sassaƙa suna
da yawa a ƙasar
Hausa, wannan takardar ta yi ƙoƙarin duban matakan aiwatar sassaƙar turmi ne kawai a ƙasar Hausa.
A ƙoƙarin haƙa ta
cimma ruwa, takardar ta yi amfani da dabarun gani da ido da tambayoyi da bitar
wasu ayyuka domin zaƙuro
bayanan da aka tattauna a wannan takardar. An ɗora aikin a Bahaushen ra’i
(hanyar gudanar da bincike), wato tunanin cewa “kowa a gida sarki ne.” An
yi haka ne bayan la’akari da ɗumbin hikimomi da ke tattare da al’amarin sassaƙa. Sakamakon
wannan binciken ya gano akwai a ƙalla
matakai goma da masassaƙi kan
bi kafin ya samar da turmi a ƙasar
Hausa.
Fitilun Kalmomi: Sassaƙa; Masassaƙa; Ƙasar Hausa; Sana’o’i
1.0 Gabatarwa
Sassaƙa na ɗaya daga cikin daɗɗun
sana’o’in Bahaushe na gargajiya. Wani abin burgewa shi ne, har yanzu akwai
masassaƙa a cikin Hausawa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai kayan amfanin Bahaushe da dama
waɗanda masassaƙan ne ke samar da su, duk kuwa da sauye-sauyen zamani da aka
samu a yau. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi fice da Bahaushen dauri da na
zamani ya dogara kan masassaƙi domin samun sa shi ne “turmi.”
Duk da daɗewa da wannan sana’a
ta yi, mafi yawan Hausawa ba su san matakan da ake bi domi samar da turmi ba,
duk da kuwa za a iya cewa a ƙalla akwai turmi guda a gidan kowane Bahaushe. Ba
gama-garin Hausawa ba, har cikin manazarta harshe da al’adun Hausawa, waɗanda
suka san matakan sassaƙa ba su da yawa. Yayin da aka nazarci fasahohi da
ƙoƙarin masassaƙa, lallai za a tarar cewa sun cancanci a darajanta kayayyakin
da suke samarwa. Wannan ne kuma ya sa takardar ta himmatu wajen fito da yadda
ake sassaƙa turmi daki-daki tun dagga zaɓen ice, har zuwa tsayar masa da
fasali.
1.1 Dabarun Bincike
Nau’in bincike irin wannan na
buƙatar bayanai
ne daga tushe. Wannan ne ya sa aka fi mayar da hankali kan ziyarar gani-da-ido
zuwa wuraren da ake aiwatar da sassaƙar turame. An yi tambayoyi kai tsaye ga waɗansu
masassaƙa domin jin waƙa daga bakin mai ita. Littattafai da sauran
rubuce-rubuce da aka tuntuɓa sun taimaka wajen saita akalar binciken.
A ɓangare guda kuwa, an ɗora
aikin a tunanin Bahaushe da ke cewa, “Kowa a gida sarki ne.” Wannan ya yi
daidai da al’amarin da ke faruwa game da sana’ar sassaƙa. Yayin da aka baje
fasahar da ke cikin harkar sassaƙa, lallai za a tarar cewa masassaƙa sarakuna
ne kuma masana a wannan fage.
2.1 Waiwayen Ma’anar Sassaƙa
Masana da ɗaliban ilimi da dama sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu dangane
da ma’anar sassƙa dai-dai fahimtarsu. A cikin ƙamusun Hausa na CNHN (2006: 393) an bayyana sassaƙa da cewa: “Abin da
aka sarrafa daga itace kamar allo da turmi da mutum-mutumi, sana’ar sassaƙa sana’a ce ta samar da surori”.
A ra’ayin Wushishi (2011: 24) cewa ya yi: Sana’ar sassaƙa aiki
ne na hure ice da aiwatar da shi don a mayar da shi wani abin amfani kamar
jirgin ruwa da kujera da kyaure da turmi da taɓarya da akushi da suransu.
Wannan ra’ayin yana nuni da cewa sassaƙa sana’a ce ta sarrafa itace. Haka Alhassan da wasu (1982:
54) a cikin nasu littafin suna da ra’ayin cewa: Sassaƙa na
nufin sarar itace da sarrafa itacen ta hure domin aikatar da shi zuwa dukkan
abubuwan da ake buƙata.
A nan wannan
ma’anar tana ƙoƙarin bayanin cewa, sassaƙa sana’a ce da ake sarrafa itace domin samar da wani abin
buƙata na yau da kullum ga al’umma. Har wa yau a cikin wani
littafi Alhassan da wasu (1980: 41) sun ƙara bayyana ma’anar
sassaƙa da cewa: Sana’ar
sassaƙa
sana’a ce da ake hure ice a mayar da shi abin amfani, kamar jirgin ruwa ko
kujera ko kwacciyar sirdi ko takalmin ɗangarafai ko allo ko mutum- mutumi
da makamantansu.
Duba daga wannan ma’anar za a ga duk dai maganar sarrafa
itace zuwa wasu abubuwan amfani
al’umma suke Magana a kai. Bugu da ƙari, Ambursa (2015:
23) ya rawaito Hamma da Bagudu (2004: 10) suna cewa:
Sassaƙa ita ce aikin da ake yi domin samar da kayan amfani musamman kayan aikin
noma da suka haɗa da ƙotar gatari da ƙotar kalme da kuma kayan aikin gida da suka haɗa da kujerar zama ta
mata da akushi da dai sauransu.
Bisa ga waɗannan ra’ayoyi na masana da manazarta daban-daban, a nan
ana iya cewa, waɗannan ma’anoni sun bayar da haske sosai dangane da ma’anar
sassaƙa musasamman a Bahaushiyar al’ada. Idan
aka yi nazarinsu za a ga cewa kusan sun yi kunnen doki da juna. Alal misali
ma’anar Alhassan da wasu 1980 da (1982) da Wushishi (2011) sun tafi a kan cewa
sana’a ce ta hure ice zuwa wasu abubuwan buƙatun
al’umma. A ra’ayin Bungudu ruwaitowar Ambursa (2015), a tasa ma’anar ya mayar
da ƙarfi
ne a kan cewa sana’a ce ta sarrafa itace zuwa kayan aiki a cikin al’umma.
Ko
shakka babu, waɗannan
ma’anoni suna kan turba, duk da yake sun taƙaita
ga sarrafa itace domin amfanin al’umma. Don haka sun manta da sana’ar ta ƙunshi
har da sarrafa tsumojin itacen. A tawa fahimta sana’ar sassaƙa
wata fasaha ce ko sana’a da ta jiɓanci
sarrafa itace ko tsumoji domin samar da abubuwan buƙatun
al’umma daban-daban a cikin harkokinsu na yau da kullum.
2.2 Samuwar Sassaƙa
Tarihin samuwar tarihin sassaƙa a wannan nahiya ba zai kammalu ba, ba tare da an yi
waiwaye a kan ayyukan sassaƙa na mutanen ‘Nok
Culture’ (al’adun mutanen Nok) ba. Wannan kuwa yana da muhimmanci domin a nan
ne aka fara samun kayan sassaƙa na farko a wannan
yanki da suka yi shekaru aru-aru a duniya. A
shafin yanar gizo na African Art an bayyana cewa:
The
characteristic sculpture of Africa, which forms the largest part of what is
usually considered primitive art, can be seen as early as 500 BC in the Nok culture-
named from the village in Nigeria where pottery figures of this kind were first
found.
Fassara
Siffofin kayakin sassaƙa da ake samarwa a ƙasashen Afirka, da yawa daga cikinsu an ɗauka
na mutanen karkara ne. Waɗannan
ayyuka kuwa an samar da su tun shekaru ɗari biyar
kafin haihuwar annanbi Isah (500BC) daga al’adun mutanen Nok (Nok culture). An
ba waɗannan kayaki wannan sunan ne daga sunan wani
kauye a Nijeriya inda aka fara samun waɗannan
kayan sassaƙe-sassaƙe.
Wannan
kuwa ko shakka ba bu, ya ƙara nuna muna irin daɗewar da sha’anin sassaƙa ta
yi a wannan nahiya ta Afirka.
Baya
ga mutanen Nok, haka ko a baya bayannan
wani bincike ya gano wani tsohon kwale-kwale (jirgin ruwa) da masana ke ganin
shi ne mafi tsufa a nahiyar Afirka kuma na uku a tsufa a duniya baki-ɗaya. A shafin intanet na Naija
Trek G an bayyana cewa, Malam Ya’u ya gano tsohon
kwale-kwale a Afirka a kogin Koma-Dugu-Gana a jahar Yobe Nijeriya a wani ƙauye
mai suna Dufana. An gano wannan kwale-kwale a ranar 28-May, 1987. Wannan shi ne
kwale-kwale mafi tsufa a Afirka kuma na uku ga tsufa a duniya. An yi ƙiyasin
ya kai shekaru dubu takwas (8000) kafin bayyanar annabi Isah (AS) (6000BC).
Tsawon shi ya kai mita takwas da ɗigo
huɗu
(8.4m) faɗinsa
ya kai mita ɗigo
biyar (0.5m), kaurinsa kuwa ya kai santimita biyar (5cm). Bayan kiran ƙwararru
daga masana a jami’ar Maiduguri da Jamani, an samu nasarar fid da wannan
kwale-kwale a 1989. A yanzu haka wannan jirgin yana nan aje a ɗakin adana kayan tarihi na
Damaturu jahar Yobe da ke Nijeriya
(Rambo, 2018).
Wannan ya nuna mutanen Afirka sun daɗe da fasahar
sarrafa itace zuwa wasu abubuwan buƙatunsu na yau da
kullum. Duk da haka, abin tambaya a nan shi ne, yaya suke aiwatar da wannan
aiki? Dalili kuwa shi ne, shekarun wannan kwale-kwalen sun nuna an samar da shi
ne tun lokacin iron age (lokacin
amfani da ƙarfe).
Samar da gamsasshen bayani dangane da masassaƙin farko a ƙasar Hausa da abin
da aka fara sassaƙawa da inda aka fara sassaƙan, wannan wani abu ne mai wuyan tantancewa. Don
haka, kamar yadda ba za a iya sanin Bahaushen farko a ƙasar
Hausa ba, haka ba za a iya sanin masassaƙin farko a ƙasar
Hausa ba. Ganin cewa
samuwa da wanzuwar sana’o’in Hausawa sun dogara ne daga irin buƙatocinsu
na yau da kullum. Haka
ita ma sana’ar sassaƙa ta samu ɓullowa ne tsakanin Hausawa
na wancan lokacin tun zamani mai nisa.
Akwai
hasashen cewa, sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar
Hausa ta samo asali ne tun lokacin da Hausawa suka fahimci aiwatar da sana’ar
noma da farauta a muhallinsu. Masu wannan hasashen sun kafa hujja da cewa, a
lokacin da suka je farauto namun daji, sukan gamu da dabbobin daji masu ƙarfin
gaske waɗanda
kan iya kashe mutum domin tsananin ƙarfin da Allah Ya ba su.
Ganin al’ummar Hausawa na samun kan su cikin wannan halin, sai suka fara
tunanin samun wani abu (makami) da za su yi amfani da shi wajen farautar waɗannan namun daji a matsayin
abinci da kariyar kai. A wannan lokacin abu mafi sauƙin
samu a muhallin da suke ciki shi ne itace. Don haka, sai suka fara sarrafa
itace zuwa sanduna masu tsini da kauri da mariƙi
domin farauto dabbobin a ƙoƙarinsu
na samar wa kansu abinci.
Daga
wannan lokacin ne masu wannan hasashen ke ganin aka samo asalin sassaƙa a ƙasar
Hausa. Wannan kuwa ya ci gaba da wanzuwa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, sha’anin
sassaƙa
na ƙara
ci gaba har jama’a a wancan lokacin suka samu wayewar kai ta fasahar sassaƙa,
ya zama masassaƙa suna iya sassaƙa
muhimman abubuwa masu yawa da za su taimaka wajen gudanar da rayuwarsa ta yau
da kullum, musamman abin da ya shafi kayan sassaƙa da
suka shafi noma kamar ƙota da sungumi da akushi da turmi da taɓarya da dangarafai da ƙyaure
da muciya da kwale-kwale da sirdin dawakai da raƙumma
da sauransu da dama da ake amfani da itace wajen sarrafa su jiya da yau a ƙasar
Hausa. A lura cewa, duk da irin tsufan fasahar sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar
Hausa, Hausawa ba su da al’adar sassaƙan mutum-mutumi, balle su yi
amfani da shi wajen bautarsu. A mafi yawan lokutta, Hausawa ba su sassaƙan
surorin
wasu abubuwa musamman masu rai, sha’anin sassaƙansu
ya keɓanta
ne a kan sarrafa itace ta hanyar samar da kayan amfanin al’umma na yau da
kullum.
3.0 Sassaƙa A
Aikace
Kai
tsaye wannan ɓangare na aikin na ɗauke da
jerin sunayen itatuwan da ake amfani da su yayin aiwatar da sassaƙa. Daga nan kuma sai aka kawo bayani game da yadda ake
gudanar da aikin sassaƙa
daki-daki.
3.1 Itatuwan da Ake Amfani da Su Wajen Sassaƙa a Ƙasar
Hausa
Itace (itaciya) shi ne ƙashin bayan sana’ar sassaƙa, domin itace wani muhimmin abu ne da dole sai mai
sana’ar sassaƙa ya tanada kafin sassaƙa duk wani abu da yake so ya samar na sassaƙa. A fagen sassaƙa, akwai itace
daban-daban da ake amfani da su gwargwadon yadda suka samu a muhallin da
masassaƙi ya samu kansa da kuma irin sassaƙan da yake so ya aiwatar. Daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa akwai:
1.
Dogon yaro (bedi, dalbejiya)
2.
Kaɗe
3.
Kaiwa (Kanya)
4.
Gawo
5.
Gamji
6.
Danya (ɗunya)
7.
Loda
8.
Kalgo
9.
Geza
10.
Faru
11.
Marke
12.
Dashe
13.
Aduwa
14.
Ceɗiya
15.
Moro
16.
Maɗaci
17.
Wuyan Damo
18.
Ƙoƙiya
19.
Malga
20.
Turare
21.
Kurya
22.
Katsari
23.
ƙirya
24.
Maje
25.
Taura
26.
Ɗoruwa
27.
Alilliba
28.
Doka
29.
Tsamiya
30.
Gora
31.
Kandare
32.
Gwaiba
33.
Lemu
34.
Shuwaka
35.
Ɗunɗu
36.
Namijin tsada
37.
Baushi
38.
Magarya
39.
Kurna
40.
Bagaruwa
41.
Gawatsa
42.
Mangwaro
43.
Tsiriri
44 Gyaye da sauran
su. Rambo, (2018)
3.2 Matakan Aiwatar da Sassaƙa a Ƙasar Hausa
Kowace sana’a ta tanadi wasu hanyoyi na musamman da mai
gudanar da ita zai bi wajen ganin ya samu aiwatar da sana’ar cikin nasara. Ga
masu aiwatar da sana’ar sassaƙa musamman a
Bahaushiyar al’ada, sun tanadi wasu matakai da masassaƙi zai bi domin ganin ya samar da wani abin sassaƙa. Duk da yake kayan buƙatu sun bambanta daga wannan rukunin al’umma zuwa waccan,
amma dai kusan duk zubi da tsarin sassaƙar iri ɗaya ce. Don haka,
domin samar da misali kawai, binciken ya ɗauki sassaƙan turmi, domin bayyana matakan da masassaƙa kan bi kafin samar da shi ga al’ummar Hausawa.
A ƙasar Hausa, turmi
yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman kayan sassaƙa da masassaƙa kan samar, wanda
mafi yawan al’umma ke amfani da shi a gidajensu ta fuskoki daban-daban. Wannan
bincike ya gano kusan a ce da wuya a samu gidan Bahaushe da ba a amfani da
turmi ko yaya yake duk da irin wayewar kai da ya shigo mu a wannan zamani. Haka
saboda muhimmancin turmi da wuya ka ga an kai amaryar Bahaushe ɗakinta ba tare da shi ba.
Duba daga irin wannan muhimmancin da ke damfare ga turmi, ya sa na zaɓe shi domin bayyana yadda
ake aiwatar da sassaƙarsa a ƙasar Hausa. Duk da yake
wannan misali ne kawai, amma kusan duk tsari ɗaya ne da sauran sassaƙe-sassaƙen
da ake aiwatarwa a sassan ƙasar Hausa. Abin da ya
bambanta sauran sassaƙan kawai shi ne irin nau’in abubuwan da ake
so a sassaƙa.
A
hirar da na yi da Abdullahi Musa Sakke, ya tabbatar min cewa, kafin a sassaƙa
turmi akwai matakai daban-daban da mai aikin sassaƙa zai
bi wajen aiwatar da shi,
daga cikin waɗannan
matakai kuwa sun haɗa
da:
a.
Zaɓen ice
b.
Kaye
c.
Katsa
d.
Kwakkwafa
e.
Fitarwa
f.
Kashe-daba
g.
Fid da siffa
h.
Shaɓa da kaifafawa
i.
Fitar da baki
j.
Tsayar da fasali
Ga
dai yadda bayanan matakan suke daki-daki. Abdullahi Musa Sakke ya bayyana cewa,
Da farko mai aikin sassaƙan turmi yana buƙatar
ya tanadi kayayyakin aiwatar da sassaƙa
da suka haɗa
da: Gatari, gizago, masurhi (wambali), masarnayi (guru), mahuri da ɗan tafe.
Bayan
masassaki
ya tanadi waɗannan
kayan aiki ne zai tafi daji neman itacen da yake so ya yi amfani da shi. Musa
Sakke ya bayyana wasu daga cikin itatuwan da suke amfani su sun haɗa da itacen kaɗe ko dalbejiya ko ƙirya
ko gawo ko maɗacci
ko taura da sauransu. Har wa yau, ya bayyana cewa, akwai a ƙalla
matakai goma
da mai sassaƙan turmi zai bi kafin ya samar da shi a cikin
al’umma a Bahaushiyar al’ada.
3.2.1
Zaɓen
Itace
Zaɓen itace shi ne mataki na
farko da kowane masassaƙi ya kamata ya fara kula da shi a koƙarinsa
na samar da kowane irin abin amfani na sassaƙa. Don haka, masu sassaƙan turmi sun ba wannan bagiren muhimmanci domin samar da
nagartaccen turmi a cikin al’umma. Ana zaɓen itatuwan ne domin ingancin su ta yadda za a ɗauki dogon lokaci
ana amfani da su ba tare da wata illa ba. Don haka, zaɓen itacen sassaƙa ga masassaƙa shi ne mataki na
farko da masassaƙi zai yi la’akari da shi a wajen
sassaƙan turmi.
3.2.2 Kaye
Kaye shi ne mataki na biyu da mai
sana’ar sassaƙan zai yi a lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin fara aiwatar da sassakarsa. Kaye shi ne
saran itacen da ake buƙatar sassaƙar ya faɗi ƙasa. A wannan matakin,
wani lokaci masassaƙa na cin karo da wasu itatuwa masu
iskoki da saransu kan yi wuya, wani lokaci sai masassaki ya nuna irin ta shi waibuwa ta
yin wasu ‘yan tsatsube-tsatsube kafin ya iya kayar da itacen ƙasa.
3.2.3
Katsa
Bayan an kayar da itacen a ƙasa, mataki na uku da mai sassaƙan zai yi shi ne katsan itacen da ya kayar. Katsa a nan
na nufin sare itacen da aka kayar zuwa gunduwa-gunduwa dai-dai yadda masassaƙi ke buƙata. A wannan
matakin masassaƙi kan fid da nau’in gunduwar itacen
da yake buƙata wurin fid da irin siffar ko
girman da turmin da yake so ya sassaƙa . Misali
babba ne ko ƙarami, idan babba yake buƙata
tilas a samu babbar gundurwar itacen. Idan kuwa karami ne, sai a samu gundurwa ƙarama.
3.2.4
Ƙwaƙƙwafa
Bayan
masassaki
turmi ya yi katsa, abu na gaba shi ne mataki na huɗu wato ƙwakƙwafa. Ita dai kwakƙwafa wata dabara ce ta kwaƙƙwafar
gunduwar itacen da aka katsa ta hanyar cire ɓawon da ke jikin gunduwar,
da daidaita jikin katsar ta yadda za a ji daɗin aiki da shi. Wani lokaci
a wannan mataki ne masassaƙa suke auna tsawo ko gajartar
turmin da suke son sassaƙawa ta amfani da igiya ko
kamun hannu ko ƙafa.
Kamar
yadda sunan ya nuna, a wannan matakin ne na biyar inda ake ginan turmin zuwa yadda ake buƙata.
A nan za ga cewa, zurfin turmi ya danganta ne gwargwadon irin amfanin da za a
yi da shi bayan an kammala shi. Galibi ana amfani da masurhi ne ko wambali wajen
ginan turmi a ƙasar Hausa. Shi kuwa masurhi haka yake kamar
fartanya, amma ƙotarsa ta fi ta fartanya tsawo, kuma bakinta
ya fi na fartanya kauri da tsayo. Wannan siffar ma’aikacin ita ke ba masassaƙi
damar ginan gunduwar itatuwan da ya katsa kamar yadda yake so.
A
Wannan matakin ana aiwatar da shurin turmi a lokacin da aka gama ginan turmi da
masurhi ko wambali. Shurin turmi kamar ginar turmi yake, sai dai shi ana amfani
da guru ne wajen ƙara wa turmi zurfi. Guru wani ma’aikaci ne da
masassaƙa ke amfani da shi domin ƙara
zurfin abin da suke sassaƙa musamman idan abin da ake
sassaƙa
zurfinsa matsastse ne, don haka shi wannan ma’aikacin (guru) bai kai masurhi girma
ba, kuma akwai babba akwai ƙarami.
A
lokacin da masassaƙi ke aiwatar da sassaƙar
turmi, can a tsakiyar turmin za a samu wata mahaɗa da masassaƙi ke
tsayar da sassaƙarsa a tsakiyar turmi. A wannan mahaɗa ce masassaƙi ke
tsayar da sassaƙar da ya faro tun daga saman turmi daga ciki
har zuwa wannan dabar. A na kiransa kashe daba ne ganin duk sassaƙar
da aka yo musamman na cikin turmi a nan ne ake tsayawa. Shi wannan kashe dabar
yana da alamar tuntu da wanzamai a ƙasar Hausa kan yi a kan yara
wajen aski a shekarun baya. Ita kuwa wannan dabar, galibi ana sassaƙe ta
ne bayan an gama shata yadda ake so turmin ya kasance, watau faɗinsa da zurfinsa.
3.2.7 Fid Da Siffa
A nan za a fid da gindin turmi, gindin turmi wani ɓangare ne mai
muhimmanci ga mai sassaƙar turmi. Gindin turmi yana nufin
mazaunin turmi ta yadda za a iya ajiye shi ya tsayu ana amfani da shi. Kamar
yadda saman turmi yake a zagaye, haka shi ma gindin turmi a zagaye yake, amma
ba tare da rami a tsakiyarsa ba. Haka gindin turmi bai kai saman turmi faɗi ba.
Haka
a wannan mataki ne za a fid da ƙafa. A wannan mataki na
fitar da ƙafa, masassaƙi na
amfani da gizago. Kafar tana nufin mariƙin turmi inda ake sa hannu a
ɗauke shi daga wannan wuri
zuwa wancan.
3.2.8
Shaɓa
Da Kaifafawa
A wannan mataki ake fid da kaifin ƙafa.
Shi kaifin ƙafa shi ne wani ɗan yanka da ake yi a kan ƙafar
turmi ta tsaye. Shi kuwa kashe kaifin ƙafa ana yin sa ne ya doshi ƙasan
hannun turmi. Haka a nan ne ake shaɓa, shaɓa shi ne sassaƙan
da ake yi a bayan turmi har sai turmin ya yi sumul ta yadda ba zai iya raunata
wanda ya shafe shi ba ta hanyar yi masa tsartse. A wannan mataki na shaɓan turmi, ana yin sa ne da
gatari ƙarami.
Daga nan sai ya yi lailaya. Shi lailayar turmi tamkar shaɓan turmi ne, sai dai a yayin
da ake amfani da gatari wurin shaɓan
turmi, a wajen lailayar turmin kuwa ana amfani ne da gizago. Wannan lailayar da
ake wa turmi shi ma yana ƙara inganta siffar turmi ya
zama gwanin ban sha’awa. Yin wannan kan ƙara wa turamen gwarjini ga
masaya. Don haka, lailaya ita ce sassaƙan bayan turmi da masassaƙi
kan yi da gizago domin sassaƙar ta yi kyau ba tare da
samun kware ko tudu a jikin turmin da ake sassaƙa
ba.
3.2.9
Fitar Da Baki
Yankan
bakin turmi na sama shi ne mataki na gaba da mai aikin sassaƙan
turmi zai aiwatar. A wannan muhallin na yankan bakin turmi, masassaƙi na amfani da gizago ne
wajen daidaita bakin turmin da yake sassaƙa daga saman turmi. Yin
wannan shi zai sa a samu daidaiton bakin ta yadda wani sashe nasa ba zai wuce
wani sashe ba. Haka a wannan mataki bayan an kammala aikin sassaƙar
turmi, masassaƙi zai yi amfani da gizago wajen kashe kaifin
sassaƙarsa
da ya yi na turmi ciki da waje. Wannan na faruwa ne bayan an yi yankan bakin
turmi, gefensa na kasancewa da kaifi ta yadda zai iya yi wa wani rauni, don
haka sai an kashe kaifin ta hanyar sassaƙar gefen bakin turmin.
3.2.10
Tsayar da Fasali
Wannan
mataki shi
ne na ƙarshe,
wannnan mataki shi ne gyaran da ake wa gindin turmi a ƙasansa
ta yadda zai samu girkuwa ya tsayu ana amfani da shi a lokacin da buƙatar
haka ta samu. Domin kuwa ba tare da yin wannan aikin ba, turmin ba zai samu
tsayuwa a yi aikin da ake buƙata da shi ba.
4.0 Kammalawa
Duba daga irin matakan da aka tattauna a baya dangane da
matakan aiwatar da sassaƙan turmi a ƙasar Hausa, a nan za a ga cewa, sassaƙar na buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman domin samun ingantaccen turmi. Rashin
aiwatar da ko da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matakai na iya haddasa ko kawo
cikas ga samuwar turmi nagartacce a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Don haka, wannan
takardar ta gano jerin matakai goma da mai aiwatar da sana’ar sassaƙan turmi zai bi domin kafin ya samar da shi ga al’umma.
Manazarta
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(1980). Zaman Hausawa Na Ɗaya, Don Makarantun
Gaba da Firamare. Zaria: Institute of Education, Ahmadu Bello
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(2015). “Sana’a Sa’a: Nazari a kan Sana’ar Sassaƙa a Garin Birnin Kebbi.” Sakkwato:
Kundin Digiri na Farko, Sashen Harsunan Nigeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.
BroB, M
and Baba, A.T. (1996) Dictionary of Hausa
Crafts A Dialectal Documentation. Rudiger:
Koppe Verlag Koln.
CNHN, (2006). Ƙamussun Hausa.
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Gargajiya a Ƙasar Hausa. Ibadan:
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Goldschmidt, W.
(1996). Functionalism. Encyclopedia of
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Lesser, A. (1985).
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Humanities. University of Maiduguri Faculty of Arts Vol18-2017
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A Garin Sakkwato.” Sakkwato: Kundin Digiri na Farko. Sashen Harsunan Nigeriya,
Jami’ar Usmanu Danfoiyo.
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Umar, A. (1986) “Sana’ar Ƙira da Sassaƙa.” Sakkwato: Kundin Digiri Na Farko, Sashen Koyar da
Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.
Wushishi, S.S.
(2011). “Dangantakar Magani Da Wasu Sana’o’in Gargajiya Na Hausawa.” Sakkwato:
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