Gabatarwa
Waƙa dai ba baƙuwar kalma ba ce. Tuni masana da manazarta suka yi caa a kanta wurin gudanar da bincike da rubuce-rubuce iri-iri a matakan ilimi daban-daban. Wannan ba ya rasa nasaba da yadda waƙa ta kasance komai-da-ruwanka ga rayuwar Bahaushe da ma sauran al’ummu duniya gaba ɗaya. Bahaushe na yin cuɗanya da waƙa a kusan dukkanin al’amuransa na yau da kullum. Wannan ya haɗa da siyasa da bukukuwa da wasanni da ilimantarwa da talla, kai har ma da wasu lamurran da suka shafi addini a wasu lokutan.[1] Wannan kuwa ba ya rasa nasaba da yadda waƙa ta kasance mai matuƙar shiga jiki tare da kama zuciya da kuma jan hankali.
Sai dai waƙa
ba ta kasance nau’i guda ba kawai. A maimakon haka, akan samu sauye-sauye da
kuma sabbin salailai da sigogin waƙoƙi
lokaci zuwa lokaci. Tun Bahaushe yana rera waƙoƙinsa
da ka, har aka kai lokacin da ya fara rubuta su. Wannan ya faru bayan cuɗanyarsa da
baƙin al’ummu musamman Larabawa da Turawa, wanda hakan ya
samar masa da ilimin karatu da rubutu. Da tafiya ta yi tafiya kuma, sai zamani
ya zo masa da sabon salon amfani da kayan kiɗan zamani
domin rera waƙoƙinsa. Irin
waɗannan waƙoƙin
ne har yau ake kai-komo kan sunan da ya dace a raɗa musu,
musamman yadda suka kasance jemage, ba ka ga tsuntsu ba ka ga dabba. Wato dai
suna ɗauke da
siffofin waƙoƙin baka da
kuma na rubutattun waƙoƙi.[2]
Koma dai yaya abin yake, dole ne a yarda zamani ne ya zo da wannan tsari na waƙa.
A ɓangare
guda kuma, samuwar waƙoƙin
zamani na sutudiyo da kuma wasu nau’ukan tasirin zammani a kan waƙoƙin
Bahaushe na gargajiya sun daƙusar da su waƙoƙin
gargajiyar, wanda har ta kai ga suna ƙoƙarin
ɓacewa gaba
ɗaya.
Wannan ne ya samar da buƙatar yin wani
yunƙuri domin tattara muhimman bayanai da za su
adana waɗannan
nau’ukan waƙoƙi wuri
guda domin gujewa salwantarsu. Wato dai ko da an wayi gari babu su a aikace, to
kuwa za a ci gaba da tarar da su a rubuce, HAR MADI.
Wannan
littafi ya yi ƙoƙarin
tattara
bayanai dangane da waƙoƙin
Bahaushe na gargajiya. An raba littafin
zuwa babi-babi har guda takwas. Babi na farko ya kasance gabatarwa ne ga
littafin. A cikin babin an waiwaici ra’ayoyin masana dangane da asalin waƙa.
Baya ga haka, an kawo amfani ko muhimmancin waƙoƙin
na gargajiya. Daga ciki akwai faɗakarwa da ilimantarwa da nishaɗantarwa da
koyar da jarumta da talla da kuma
addu’ar alkairi da dai sauransu. Sannan kamar yadda Bahaushe
ke cewa: “Kowane allazi da nasa amanu…” haka ma waƙoƙin
na da naƙasu ko koma baya. Wannan kuwa ya haɗa da
amfani da maganganun batsa ga wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin.
Babi na
biyu ya mayar da hankali ne kan waƙoƙin
wasanni. Wannan wani rukuni
ne daga cikin rukunonin waƙoƙin
baka. Akan rera waƙoƙi
iri-iri yayin gudanar da wasanni daban-daban. Waɗannan waƙoƙi
na zuwa da jigogi mabambanta wanda hakan ya danganta da lokaci da wurin wasan,
da kuma masu gudanar da wasan da ma
dalilin gudanar da shi. A cikin wannan babi
na biyu, an kawo misalan wasannin da ke ɗauke da waƙoƙi.
Daga ciki har da wasannin yara maza da na yara mata (wasannin gaɗa) da kuma
wasannin tashe.
Babi na
uku kuwa, ya mayar da hankali ne kan waƙoƙin
aikace-aikace. Wannan ya fi shafar mata kai-tsaye.
Nau’ukan waƙoƙi ne da
mata ke rerawa yayin gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban. Irin waɗannan waƙoƙi
na ɗebe musu
kewa tare da ƙara musu kuzarin gudanar da aiki. Daga cikin
irin ayyukan da akan rera waƙa yayin
gudanar da su akwai: Daɓe da saƙa da kitso
da daka da kaɗi da dai
sauransu.
A cikin
babi na huɗu, an kawo
waƙoƙin
gargajiya da suka shafi aure ko raka amarya. Da ma dai,
bukukuwan Bahaushe na cuɗanye da waƙoƙi
da kirare-kirare, ciki har da bukin aure. A yayin bukin aure, mata da ‘yanmata
na rera waƙe-waƙe,
musamman ma lokacin da suke kan hanyar raka amarya ɗakinta.
Yawanci jigogin waɗannan waƙoƙi
sun fi karkata kan bankwana ga amarya da tunasar da ita babban aikin da ke
gabanta na zaman aure tare kuma da rarrashinta. Babin ya kawo jeranton misalai
na irin waɗannan waƙoƙi.
Babi na
biyar kuwa, ya duƙufa ne wurin kawo
misalan waƙoƙin cikin
tatsuniya. Tatsuniyoyin
Bahaushe sun kasance wani babban bagire da akan samu misalan waƙoƙinsa
na gargajiya. Waƙoƙin
na da amfani cikin waɗannan tatsuniyoyi ta fuskar fito da
jigoginsu da suka haɗa da faɗakarwa da
ilimantarwa da jarumta da dai makamantansu. Sannan waƙoƙin
sukan kasance ƙarin gishiri ga waɗannan
tatsuniyoyi. Babin na biyar ya kawo misalan wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin
gargajiya na tatsuniyoyin Bahaushe.
A babi na
shida, an kawo misalan waƙoƙin
baka ne da suka shafi roƙon ruwa. Wannan ma dai wani
rukuni ne na waƙoƙin
bakan Bahaushe. Waƙoƙin
sun haɗa da
caccayya da Halilu da Allah mun tuba da dai makamantansu. A gaba
kuwa, wato babi na bakwai, an kawo waƙoƙi
ne da suka shafi bara. Bara dai al’ada ce da ta daɗe a ƙasar
Hausa. Mabarata na amfani da waƙoƙin
yayin gudanar da bararsu. Daga cikin irin waɗannan waƙoƙi
akwai Saboda Manzon Allah da Mu Roƙi Allah
Sarki da makamantansu.
Babi na
takwas ya kasance na ƙarshe a
cikin littafin. Yana ɗauke da bayanai
kan siffofin waƙoƙin
gargajiya, tamkar dai yadda
aka kawo misalan waƙoƙin
a babukan da suka gabata. Siffofin kuwa sun haɗa da
rashin tafiya da ƙafiya ko ƙarangiya
da kasancewarsu ba su buƙatar kayan
kiɗa da dai
makamantansu.
Dr.
Yakubu Aliyu GOBIR
Da
Abu-Ubaida
SANI
30-06-2019
[1]Haƙiƙa tarihi ba zai manta da
yadda Shehu Usmanu Ɗan
Fodiyo tare da jama’arsa suka yi amfani da waƙa wurin faɗakarwa tare da yaɗa addinin Musulunci, musamman a lokacin
jahadi.
[2] Akwai masanan da ke ganin ya dace a kira waɗannan waƙoƙi da suna: “Waƙoƙin Baka na Zamani.” Wasu ko
na ganin ya dace ne a kira su da:
“Waƙoƙin Sutudiyo.” Akwai ma masu
ganin ya dace ne a ce da su: “Waƙoƙin Zamani” kaɗai. Har ila yau, akwai masu
ganin ya dace ne a kira su da suna: “Ruwa Biyu.”
ANNOUNCEMENT
We are glad to inform you that the long-awaited crossdisciplinary (culture<>literature) project has been published and cataloged with the National Library. Copies of the book are being sold at a highly subsidized rate. Book details:
DETAILS
Title: Waƙoƙin Hausa Na Gargajiya
Authors: Yakubu Aliyu Gobir & Abu-Ubaida Sani
Page Numbers: 213
Price: #1,500 (only)
OBTAIN A COPY
Contact 1:
Dr. Y.A. Gobir
Department of Nigerian Languages
Usmanu Danfodiyo Unversity, Sokoto
Call/WhatsApp: 08035605024
Email: yagobir@gmail.com
Contact 2:
Abu-Ubaida Sani
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara
Call/WhatsApp: 08133529736
Email: abuubaidasani5@gmail.com
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