Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruk A Matsayin Gwarzo A Fagen Ilimi

In Heroes of The Hausa Land, Department of Nigerian Languages and Linguistics, Kaduna State University, 2017. Pp 315-/Isbn: 978-978-960-555-2

Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ A Matsayin Gwarzo A Fagen Ilimi

Rabi Mohammed
Rabimohammeddatti@gmail.com
08060771666

Tsakure

          Idan an ce ‘gwarzo’, to ana nufin jarumin mutum wanda ya yi fice na musamman a kan wani abu wanda zai jawo hankalin al’umma a kai. Gwarzantaka tana samuwa ta fuskoki da dama a rayuwa, kamar a yaƙi ko farauta ko dambe ko shugabanci ko a Adabi ko ta fannin yaɗa ilimi da suransu. To malam Rabi’u Muhammada Zarruƙ jarumin mutum ne ta fuskar ilmantarwa a fannin harshen Hausa. Ya zama jarumin ne saboda ayyukan da ya yi, suna jawo hankulan mutane a kai. Fannin karatunsa dai, zane-zane ne wanda ya yi amfani da shi wajen ciyar da harshen Hausa gaba. Yana da kaifin basira wanda ya sa Jami’o’i suka aminta da shi har ya taka tsanin da ba mai iya takawa sai jarumin mutum. Za a iya zaƙulo misalai a cikin rubuce-rubucensa da koyarwarsa a fito da shi a matsayin gwarzon malamin Hausa. Haka halayensa na zaman duniya akwai jaruntaka domin samun irinsu yana da wuya. Babu shakka akwai abin mamaki da sha’awa tattare da wannan bawan Allah wanda wannan takarda za ta yi bita.

Gabatarwa

          Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ ba ɓoyayye ba ne ga masana da manazarta harshen Hausa a kusan ko’ina. Mutum ne jarumi wanda bai ji gumi ba a lokacin rayuwarsa. Ya yi aiki tuƙuru ta fuskar raya ilimi a duka fannonin nazarin Hausa. Sai dai ya fi fice a fannin harshe saboda ya fi yawaita rubutu da karantarwa a ɓarayin.Ya zama dole a jinjina wa wannan bawan Allah ganin cewa shi ba a fannin Hausa ya fara fice ba domin ba shi da shaidar Digirin farko a Hausa. Kai hasali ma, tsatson kakanninsa ba Hausawa ba ne, Bare-bari ne. Amma kuma ayyukan da ya yi, ya tsera wa wasu masu nazari a fannin nesa ba kusa ba. Wannan ya nuna cewa shi mutum ne mai kishin al’ummar da ya buɗe ido a ciki, wato Hausawa. Wato a cikinsu aka haife shi, ya kuma taso a matsayin Bahaushe. Don haka wannan takardar za ta nuna cewa Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ yana cikin sahun Gwarazan malaman Hausa irin su Farfesa M.K.M Galadanci da Farfesa Ibrahim Yaro Yahaya waɗanda sun yi wafati, amma ana cin moriyar ayyukansu a matakai daban-daban na neman ilimi. An kuma fito wa duniya su a matsayin jiga-jigan Hausa domin gwanaye ne su a fagen. (Ɗangambo:2002:130). Yin hakan na da muhimmanci domin shi ma malam Zarruk an ɗauke alƙalami a kansa, wato ba ya raye a doron ƙasa. Amma ayyukan alherin da ya yi a zamanin rayuwarsa, za su sa a daɗe ana tunawa da shi tare da yi masa fatan kyakkyawan sakamako. Misali, ni mai gabatar da shi a matsayin Gwarzo, ban zo duniya ba a lokacin da ya fara harkar koyarwa. Amma ina cikin waɗanda suka riske shi a jami’ar Ahmdu Bello ta Zariya a shekara 1999. Karantarwarsa ta ja hankalin jama’a  ƙwarai da gaske domin akwai sha’awa saboda ya ƙware, ya kuma naƙalci dabarun koyarwa. Wani muhimmancin da ke tattare da irin wannan bincike shi ne, sanin asali da halaye da ayyukan mutumin kirki na zaburar da wasu su dage a kan samun kwatankwacinsa a rayuwarsu.    

Asali Da Haihuwarsa

          Marigayi Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ mutumin Gumel ne a cikin jihar Kano a da, Jigawa a yanzu. An haife shi ne a ranar goma ga watan Maris, shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba’in da biyar (10/03/1945). Dangane da asalin mahaifansa kuwa, iyalansa sun ce: “ A gidansu dai su huɗu ne. Da shi da baba Ɗangoggo da baba Halima da baba A’isha. Kakansu Ahmadu Zarruk, wanda a hannunsa baba ya girma, shi kuma `ya`yansa biyu. Da Turaki Ahmadu da Turaki Abubakar. Turaki Abubakar shi ya haifi Afatahu wanda shi ne mahaifin su baba.

Neman Iliminsa

          Marigayi malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruk ya yi karatunsa na Firamare a Ɗahiru Atta Primary School Gumel. Daga nan sai ya tafi Katsina Teachers College. Bayan nan sai ya tafi TC Wudil. (Daga bakin iyalansa). Jadawalin ayyukansa wanda ya rubuta da kansa, na nuna cewa ya halarci  Babbar Kwalejin horar da malamai da ke Kano (ATC Kano), inda ya ci nasarar samun shaidar takardar malanta ta ƙasa, (NCE ) a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969). Ba tare da jinkiri ba, a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba’in da ɗaya, (1971) ya ƙaro ilimi a matakin B.S Ed a Jami’ar Ohio da ke Landan. Har wa yau, ya sami nasarar samun ilimi a mataki na M.Ed a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya.

Dangantakarsa Da Iyali

          Marigayi Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ ya amsa sunan cikakken mutum wanda ya bi sawun addininsa da al’adarsa. Wato musulmin Bahaushe ne wanda ya rayu da matan aure guda huɗu. Ga dai ta bakin `ya`yansa:

“Aurensa huɗu. Ta farko ba a zauna ba, kuma babu `ya`ya tsakani. Ta biyu kuma ta haifa masa `ya`ya takwas amma biyu sun rasu, sauran duk suna raye. Ta uku kuma ta Haifa masa `ya`ya amma biyu ke raye a yau. Uwargidansa ta rasu a shekara ta 1994. Allah ya azurta shi da `ya`ya ashirin da huɗu (24). Sha uku maza, sha ɗaya kuma mata. Amma yanzu a raye akwai maza 12 mata 10. Allah ya yi wa ɗansa na farko rasuwa saboda rauni da aka yi masa a ka wajen aikin haihuwa. Guda kuma ta rasu a larura ta wuta da ta ƙona ta tana kimanin shekara takwas da haihuwa.”

Da kuma aka tuntuɓi iyalin nasa game da jikokin malam Zarruk lokacin yana raye, sun ce: “Jikokinsa sha takwas (18).” Dangane da halayensa a tsaknin iyalansa kuma suka ce: “Baba mutum ne mai tawakkali da haƙuri da son wasa da yara.” 

Rasuwarsa

          An tuntuɓi iyalansa game da yanayin zuwan ajalin gwarzo malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ, sai suka bayyana cewa:

“Ya yi rashin lafiya wadda ta fara da yi masa aiki a ABUTH a shekara ta 2006. Bayan ya warke da kusan shekara biyu, sai ɗabi’unsa da halaye suka fara canzawa a hankali har sai da ta kai inda baba ba ya iya tuna komai kuma ba ya iya gane kowa cikin sauƙi. Wannan ciwo ne ya kwantar da shi ba magana har kusan shekara biyu kafin Allah ya yi masa rasuwa. Ya rasu a ranar 13/03/2013.” Abin lura shi ne, a watan da aka haife shi, a cikinsa ya koma ga Allah. Ya rayu a duniya cikin shekaru sittin da takwas cif-cif. Muna roƙon Allah mai girma da ya haskaka kuma ya sanyaya makwancin Malam Rabi’u M. Zarruk, amin. 

Dangantakarsa Da Jama’a

          Kamar yadda aka sani, mutum yana rayuwa ne cikin al’umma waɗanda idan an ɗebe iyaye da mata da `ya`yansa, to dole wasu jama’a su kusance shi. Shi dai malam Zarruƙ ya yi hulɗa da maƙwabta da abokai/aminai da abokan aiki da kuma ɗalibai. An samo bayanai daga kowane rukuni don a tabbatar da matsayinsa da halayensa, waɗanda duk sun tafi a kan cewa:

●Shi mutum ne mai tawali’u, wato mai ƙasƙantar da kansa domin yana ganin duniya ba matabbata ba ce. Ni ma dai na shaida wannan domin a lokacin da ya karantar da mu na tsawon shekara uku, ban taɓa ganin sa da wasu sutura na ƙyale-ƙyale ba face na farin yadi da ake kira ‘Ɗanmadina’. Yana sanya jar Dara a ko da yaushe. Wannan ya nuna lallai shi mai tawali’un ne tunda duk musulmi idan ya mutu, da farin yadi ake suturta shi a binne shi. Haka kuma wata rana, wata baƙuwa ta zo neman malam Zarruƙ, sai kwatsam ta ci karo da shi ba tare da ta san shi ba. Ta tambaye shi, sai ya ce da ita ta biyo shi ya kai ta wajensa. Suka isa wani tanƙasheshen ɗaki, danƙare da littattafai da takardu, sai ya sami kujera ya zauna. Ya ce da ita, “To ga  Zarruƙ”. A take ita kuma ta yi mammaki har ta shiga ba shi haƙuri tamkar ta yi laifi. Wannan ya nuna yadda ta san sunansa a fagen ilimi ne, sannan ba ta gan shi cikin sutura mai ɗaukar hankali da nuna isa ba.

 ●Yana da gaskiya da amana a harkarsa ta koyarwa wanda babu wata mu’amala da  ta sa ya ci amanar ilimi. Abin da duk ya san za ka cutu da kuma al’umma zai faɗakar da kai. Nan ma na shaida haka, domin a lokacin da muka shiga Jami’a yana ɗaukar ɗalibai kwas ɗin Ajami. Kuma ya lura wasu suna faɗuwa a kwas ɗin. To mu da muka shigo a makare, sai ya shawarce mu da cewa, mu jingine kwas ɗin zuwa shekara ta gaba saboda ya riga ya yi nisa da darasi. Amma sai ya ƙara da cewa, in kuma cikinmu akwai super man (zaƙaƙuri), to yana iya yuwuwa mu yi nasara. To a nan wannan na nuna mana ainihin gangariyar hanyar tsare gaskiya da amanar ilimi. Domin manufar koyarwa ita ce a iya abin da aka isar yadda ya kamata kuma a jarraba ɗalibi a kan abin da aka sanar da shi. Babu shakka yana da tsantseni wajen harkar koyarwa da kuma harkar Jarrabawa. Mun shaida ba ya makarar shiga aji, kuma ba ya tsallake Darasinsa. Yana yawan gwada ɗalibai game da darasin da yake koyarwa a aji. Idan Jarrabawa ta zo, ba sani ba sabo, abin da ka shuka shi kake girba. Sannan kamar yadda  Dr. Haruna Aminu, (mataimakin Daraktan Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello) ya  tabbatar da cewa kullum yake zuwa aiki sannan a kan ƙa’idar lokaci. Wato ba ya makara kuma ba ya tashi sai lokacin da aka gindaya wa ma’aikaci. Kullum kuma ka je ofishinsa, alƙalami ke hannunsa a kan takarda (yana rubutu).  Ko wannan ma kaɗai ya isa gwarzantaka domin mutum yana yaƙi ne da zuciyarsa wanda kuma shi ya fi komai wahala a rayuwa.

●Shi mutum ne mai raha mai barkwanci da jama’a. Ko a aji yakan zolayi ɗalibai kamar a wani lokaci da yake koyar da kare-karen harshen Hausa ya ce da ɗalibansa, “In na ga dama sai in ce ba Zazzau”. Wato ta la’akari da inda malam ya fito a lokacin, za a iya cewa tasirin wasan da ke tsakanin Kanawa da Zagezagi ne.

●Haka kuma an tabbatar da cewa Malam ba ya fushi kuma ba ya gaba. Malam Jibril B. Dambo ya jaddada cewa, a duk zamansa na aiki a Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, bai taɓa faɗa da kowa ba. Ya kasance malami ne, uba kuma aboki ne da kowa. Idan akwai rashin jituwa tsakanin wasu, to fa sai ya san yadda ya yi ya sasanta su. Haka ma Amininsa Malam Giɗaɗo Bello Akko tare da matarsa sun tabbatar da waɗannan siffofi na malam Zarruƙ. Har ma ita A’ishatu Giɗaɗo ta ƙara da cewa, sun yi bikin ɗiyar Malam Zarruk mako uku da suka wuce, babu abin da jama’a ke tattaunawa game da shi face kyawawan halayensa na rashin fushi da gaba ɗin nan. Wannan ya ƙara masa martaba a idon al’umma ƙwarai saboda yana taimakon su.

Ayyukansa A Rayuwa:

        Shi dai Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruk tun yana yaro ya fara fice kamar yadda aka ruwaito daga iyalansa, inda suka ce:

“Baba ya yi yarinta irin ta sauran yara na wannan zamanin, sai dai a fada ya yi girmansa. Wani abin sha’awa cikin al’amarinsa shi ne, baiwar zane da Allah ya yi masa. An faɗa mana cewa, shekarar da jirgi ya sauka a garin, baba ne ya fara zana wannan jirgi. Bayan nan, mata sukan kawo masa zanin gadonsu yana zana musu jirgin a kai, su kuma sai su tafi su yi surfanin jirgin. A haka wata rana sarki ya ga wannan jirgi a zanen gado. Da ya tambayi wanda ya zana jirgin sai aka ce masa baba ne. Ya sa aka kira shi ya tambaye shi da kansa idan shi ne yake zanen. Ya amsa masa cewa shi ke yi. Sai ya tambaye shi idan zai iya zana shi. Ya ce masa zai iya. Ya ce masa ya je ya zana shi ya kawo . Baba ya je ya zana sarki ya kawo. Da sarki ya ga yadda hoton ya yi kyau, sai ya sa aka yi masa wanka, aka sa masa alkyabba da rawani, aka haɗa shi da Dogari, aka sa shi a jirgi aka turo shi Zariya Kamfanin Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo don ya riƙa yi masu zane, amma bai zauna ba.”

        Rayuwar Malam Zarruk kusan duk a harkar koyo da koyarwa ta ta’allaƙa. Kashi biyu bisa uku na rayuwarsa, duk koyarwa ce da zurfafa bincike da rubuce-rubuce masu amfanar da al’umma.

Koyarwa

          Malam ya ci sunan malam ɗin domin kuwa tun yana ɗan shekara goma sha shida ya fara karantarwa a matakin Firamare a makarantarsa ta farko wato Ɗahiru Atta. Ya kuma kai ga matsayin zama shugaban Makarantar Firamare ta Zango Primary School Gumel. Ya ɗaga daga wannan mataki zuwa Babbar Kwalejin horar  da malamai da ke Kano inda a nan ma ya bayar da gudummawa.

          Ya sake ɗagawa zuwa Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello ta Zariya a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba’in da tara, a matsayin malamin Jami’a mai daraja ta ii. Malam Giɗaɗo Bello Akko ya shaida cewa da farko yakan taso ne daga ATC Kano, ya zo A.B.U ya koyar sannan ya koma saboda Jami’a ba ta ba shi gida a kan kari ba .Ya yi ta aiki ba kama hannun yaro har sai da ya kai matsayin babban malamin Jami’a (Senior Lecturer). Ya bayar da gudummawa matuƙa wajen karantar da masu neman Digiri na farko a harshen Hausa. Kamar yadda ya fitar da kansa cikin C.Ɓ ɗinsa.Ya karantar da waɗannan kwasa-kwasai a lokuta mabambanta:

●Tsarin Sautin Hausa (The Hausa Sound System), daga 1979-2001

●Hausa A Yau (Hausa In The Modern World), daga 1979 zuwa 1991

●Rubutun Ajami (The Ajami Script), 1980-2004

●Ilimin Furucin Hausa Da Tsarin Sautinta (Hausa Phonetics And Phonology)

●Tsarin Aikatau Na Hausa (The Hausa Ɓerbal System), daga 1985-2004

●Zuzzurfan Nazarin Tsarin Sauti (Adɓanced Hausa Phonology),

●Ginin Jumlar Hausa Da Ginin Kalmarta (The Hausa Syntaɗ And Phonology),

●Aron Kalmomi Da Ƙirƙirarsu A Hausa (Borrowing And Neologism In Hausa), daga 1989 -199

●Zuzzurfan Ajami (Adɓanced Ajami), daga 1985 - 2004

Har wa yau, ya koyar da masu neman babban Digiri a waɗannan fannoni:

●Zuzzurfan Nazarin Tsarin Sauti (Adɓanced Phonology), a 1993

●Kare-Karen Harshen Hausa (Hausa Diactology), daga 1999 -

Duba Kundayen Digiri

         A wannan fage ma ya bayar da gudummawa mai tsoka domin ya duba wa ɗaliban Hausa da dama kundaye a matakan samun digiri na farko (B.A) da na biyu (M.A) har zuwa na uku (Ph.D). A wannan ɓarayi kuwa malam ya zama gwarzo, saboda da dai ba shi da ƙwazo, da bai zama mai duba masu Digirin digirgir ba, tunda shi karan kansa ba shi da wannan matsayi a hukumance. Daga cikin waɗanda suka sami shahadar Ph.D a ƙarƙashin jarrabawarsa, akwai Shaihin malamin Adabin Hausa da aka sani a yau, wato Ibrahim Aliyu Muhammad Malumfashi. Babu ko tantama jaruntaka ce za ta sa a iya taka irin rawar da malam Zarruƙ ya taka.

Bincike Da Rubuce-Rubuce

          Rubuce-rubucen da marigayi malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ ya yi musamman a fagen ilimin Harshen Hausa, shi ya jawo hankali a kan a gabatar da shi a matsayin Gwarzo. Domin rubutu baiwa ne wanda ba kowa ne zai iya tunkara ba. Wanda duk ya yi kuwa, yakan zama fitacce a cikin al’umma na tsawon zamani. Daga ire-iren rubuce-rubucensa akwai maƙalu waɗanda ya gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna sani da waɗanda suke cikin Mujallu daban-daban. Misali:

● “Dangantakar Hausa Da Larabci” Ya gabatar a Taron Ƙara Wa Juna Sani Na Ƙasa Da Ƙasa a

     kan Harshe da Adabi da Al’adu,Wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero   

     Kano ta shirya a ranakun 7-10 ga Yuli, 1978.

● “Kasafin Jinsin Hausa” A cikin Mujallar Jakadiya 2 (2), watan Maris 2000.

● “Karin Sauti A Ginin Kalmar Hausa” A cikin Mujallar……..

● “Tarihin Daidaita Rubutun Hausa” Maƙalar da ya gabatar a Taron Nijeriya da Nijar kan

     Daidaita Ƙa’idojin Rubutun Hausa, a 1982.

● Karin Sauti A Cikin Ƙusoshin Gina Kaimar Hausa” Maƙalar day a gabatar a Taron Ƙasa Da

    Ƙasa wanda Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato ta

    shirya, a 2007.    

          Sannan ya wallafa littattafai masu yawa da amfani. Daga cikin littattafan da ya wallafa aka buga akwai:

●Sabon Lissafi Na Oɗford: Saboda Makarantun Firamare (Pupils Book). Littafi na Ɗaya zuwa na Uku. Tare da Lessa, P.M suka wallafa a tsakanin shekarar 1976-1977. Maɗaba’a ta London: Oɗford University.

●Sabon Lissafi Na Oɗford: Saboda Makarantun Firamare Jagorar Malami (Teachers Guide). Littafi na Ɗaya zuwa na Uku. Tare da Lessa, P suka wallafa a tsakanin shekarar 1977-1978. Maɗaba’a ta London: Oɗford University.

●Karatu Da Rubutu A Harshen Hausa (Guide To Hausa Orthography). A Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar Ahamadu Bello, Zariya, wanda maɗaba’ar Thomas Nelson Lagos, suka buga a shekarar 1979.

●Siffofin Aikin Koyarwa,(The Stucture Of Teaching), wanda Maɗaba’a ta Jami’ar Oɗford ta London suka buga a shekarar 1979.

●Kimiyar Firamare (Primary Science), Jagorar Malami (Teachers Guide) Fassara Wa Mahaɗar Ilimi wanda Longman suka buga a shekarar 1979.

●Kimiyar Firamare (Primary Science), Littafin Yara Na Farko (PuPils Book One) Fassara Wa

   Mahaɗar Ilimi wanda Longman suka buga a shekarar 1979.

●Hausa: A Teɗt Book of Methodology. U.P.E teacher Education------

●Aikatau A Nahawun Hausa wanda aka buga a Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, a 1996.

●Aro Da Ƙirƙirar Kalmomi A Hausa. Zaria: Institute of Education, Ahmadu

              Bello University. 1993

●Shimfiɗar Ilimin Harsuna: Furuci. Wanda aka buga a Maɗaba’ar Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar

   Ahmadu Bello Zariya, a shekarar 1979.

● Bishiyar Li’irabi a Nazarin Jumlar Hausa Wanda aka buga a Maɗaba’ar Mahaɗar Ilimi ta

   Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya, a shekarar 1998.

● Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandare 1-3 ( Na haɗin gwiwa)

●Siffofin Aikin Koyarwa wanda Maɗaba’ar Oɗford University ta buga a 1979

● Kirarin Duniya, wanda suka wallafa shi da Habib Alhassan a 1982, bugun Maɗaba’ar Ganuwa

   Publishers Limited, Zaria.

Halartar Tarurruka

          Ya kasance daga cikin jiga-jigan da suka halarci waɗannan tarurruka na Ƙasa da Ƙasa da waɗanda aka yi a cikin gida:

●Taro na Harsunan Afrika Ta Fuskar Kimiyya Da Fasaha (Conference of African Languages In Science and Technology) Wanda aka yi a Jami’ar Iɓory Coast.

●Taron Nijer da Nijeriya Don Daidaita Ƙa’idojin Rubutun Hausa, wanda aka yi a Niamey, a shekarar 1982.

● Taron Nijer da Nijeriya na Kwamitin Littattafan Hausa, wanda aka yi a Niamey, a shekarar 1992.

Ayyuka Na Ƙwarewa

          Ya kasance cikin waɗanda suka yi ayyukan da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasa (NERC) ta nemi da a aiwatar. Misali

●Ƙwararre kuma Editan Keɓaɓun kalmomin Hausa guda ɗari biyu da hamsin na dokoki. A ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya cikin shekarar 1980-1983.

●Tsara Manhajar Hausa don ƙananan makarantun sakadare a shekarar 1982.

●Gudanar da taro na musamman a kan tsarin ilimin Firamare don Manyan Harsuna uku na Nijeriya. A shekarar 1992 

●Rubuta Manhajar koyar da Harshen Hausa don Makarantun Firamare, a shekarar 1982.

●Sannan kuma Mamba ne a aikace-aikacen Fassara cikin Harshen Faransanci da Turanci da kuma Hausa.

Gwarzantaka Daga Cikin Rubuce-Rubucensa Da Koyarwarsa

          Ba zai yuwu a irin wannan bigire a fayyace abubuwan da suke ƙunshe cikin rubuce-rubucen da Malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ ya yi ba. Sai dai  za a yi tsokaci a kan wasu daga ciki waɗanda suka sa ya  zama fatacce a harkar ilimi.

Siffofin Aikin Koyarwa, Littafi ne da ya wallafa a 1979 wanda a yanzu shekara talatin da bakwai ke nan. Abubuwan da wannan littafi ya ƙunsa suna da alfanu ne ta fuskar inganta aikin koyarwa. Ana da wallafe-wallafe game da wannan fanni, amma kuma cikin harshen Turanci ne. Don haka wannan littafi ya zama fittace saboda babu kamarsa da aka wallafa cikin harshen Hausa. A Muƙaddima na littafin, Dakta Abdullahi Mohammed na Tsangayar Ilimi a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya a wancan lokaci, cewa ya yi:

“Babu shakka wannan littafi na Malam Rabi’u Mohammad Zarruƙ, littafi ne mai amfani, ba ma ga ɗaliban da ke koyon aikin malanta ba, ko kuma masu son koyar da Hausa, waɗanda don su aka shirya shi, a’a, har ma ga duk mutumin da ke sha’awar ci gaban ilimi a wannan ƙasa tamu, zai same shi mai amfani. Da farko dai luggogin da aka yi amfani da su a littafin zaɓaɓɓu ne, tatattu garau a harshen Hausa, waɗanda kuma suke da gayar amfani wajen harkokinmu, ba ma na ilimi ba, har ma zartar da abubuwanmu na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum.”

Dakta ya ci gaba da nuna matsayin wannan littafi inda ya shawarci jama’a da su mallake shi. Saboda irin ɗimbin amfaninsa. Kamar dai yadda ya jaddada cewa:

“Haƙiƙa wannan littafi shi ne himmar farko da aka yi saboda aikin malanta. Duk wanda ya karanta shi zai san an yi babbar nasara. Mutumin da duk ya karanta wannan littafi har ila yau zai iya zama malami kai tsaye, domin kuwa kamar su manufar koyarwa da hanyar tafiyar da almajirai da yadda ake tsara jarrabawa don amfanin ɗalibai ko almajirai, duk wannan abu zai zama warkam ne a gare shi.”

          A taƙaice wannan littafi ya tattaro bayanai game da muhimman ginshiƙan aikin koyarwa ne ta yadda ɗalibin aikin malanta a kowane fanni zai iya ɗiba ya kai aji ya yi amfani da su kai tsaye. Don haka, wannan aiki na malam gwarzantaka ce.

Kirarin Duniya: Wannan littafi su biyu suka wallafa shi a 1982. Wannan ma gagarumar gudummawa ce suka bayar game da fasahar harshen Hausa da al’adun mutanenta. Wannan fasaha ta harshe kuwa, ita ce Adabin al’ummar. Don haka akwai gwarzantaka game da wannan aiki, saboda muhimmancin taskace waɗannan fasahohi a rubuce.

Shimfiɗar Ilimin Harsuna A Hausa: Furuci . Wannan littafi ya wallafa shi ne a shekarar 1996 wanda ya tattaro abubuwan da ke yi wa kowa susa inda ke yi masa ƙaiƙayi. Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad ya tabbatar da wannan littafi a matsayin gagarumin aiki wanda duk masu sha’awar nazarin harsunan ɗan’adam zai iya taimakonsu. Ya nuna cewa, ya kamata sauran malaman Hausa su dage su yi koyi da malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ, su ci gaba da wallafa litattafai irin wannan don amfanin yaranmu da masu koyon harsunanmu.

Fagen Ƙa’idojin Rubutu. A ƙoƙarin malam Zarruƙ wajen karantarwa, yana da baiwa wadda ba kowa ke samu ba. Kusan daga gare shi wasu malaman Hausa ke ɗora tsawon gini a fagen koyarwa. Misali, wajen nuna muhimmancin aiki da ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa, yakan yi wata dabara da yake kira ‘Damfasi’. Wato yakan zaɓo kalmomi ya gina jimloli  waɗanda idan aka natsu za a fahinci haruffan da suka jero a jimlolin babu wanda ya yi rawar `yanmata. Sannan kowace jimla tana da ma’anarta wadda ta ginu a kan hawa da sauka na muryar Hausa. A baka ba a tsammanin kuskure ga wanda ya ji Hausa ƙwarai. Inda matsalar take, wurin rubutu ne kurum. Misali:

●Ta je fadama.

●Ta je Fada ma.

●Ta je fa da ma.

●Ta jefa dama.

          Idan an lura, kowace jimla tana da haruffa goma a jere, wato: ‘TAJEFADAMA’. To waɗannan haruffa su ne aka ga an gina jimloli huɗu da su, kuma suke da mabambanta manufa. A jimlar farko ana nufin fadama (wuri mai laima inda ruwa ba ya ƙafewa), wata ta je. A jimla ta biyu kuma, Fada ta Sarki wata ta je. Yayin da a jimla ta uku ake jaddada zuwan wata wani wuri da jimawa. Jimlar ƙarshe kuwa ke nuna wata ta jefa wani abu ta gefen hannun dama.

Ga wasu rukunin jimlolin da malam ya dinga buga misali da su a wannan muhalli:

●Akuya tafi kiwo.                                    ●Sa mata kai biyu.

●Aku ya tafi kiwo.                                   ●Sa matakai biyu.

●Akuya ta fi kiwo.                                   ●Sama ta kai biyu.

          Kamar yadda aka yi bayani a sama, su ma waɗannan jimloli suna tafiya ne da haruffa iri ɗaya a jere waɗanda kowane rukuni yawansu ɗaya. Sannan in an duba kowace jimla daban take ta fuskar ma’ana. Malam dai gwani ne a nan don ya jawo hankalin ɗalibai ne su samu yaƙini game da muhimmancin barin filaye a tsakanin kalmomin Hausa, saboda rubutu ya iya wakiltar maganar da ake nufi. Wannan hikima tana tasiri ƙwarai a zukatan masu koyon ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa. Duk malamin da ya fara gwada ɗalibai da su rubuta ire –iren waɗannan jimloli, to sai ya ga natsuwarsu da ƙosawarsu a game da darasin. Don haka a wannan ɓarayi, malam Zarruƙ ya ciri tuta.

Fagen Karin Sauti: Duk mai nazarin harhe ya san  cewa wannan fage ne da ke bukatar ƙwarewar malami wajen karantar da ɗalibai. To malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ gwarzo ne a wannan fage. A irin dabarunsa da Allah ya huwace masa, yakan jawo hankalin ɗalibai da cewa shi karin suti kunne ne kaɗai ke iya shaida shi. Tunda haka ne akwai bukatar ɗalibi ya saurara ya ji abin da yake furtawa ta hanyar gano inda sauti ya nufa. A kan haka, ya rubuta maƙalu masu nuna gwanintar kwatancen karin sauti a Hausa. Yakan zana gwargwadon yadda ya fahinci sauti ya nuna tashinsa da saukarsa. Lallai idan aka duba wannan ɓarayi, za a tabbatar da malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ ɗan baiwa ne a fagen ilmantarwa.  

Fagen Ajami: A ƙoƙarinsa wajen karantar da Ajamin Hausa a matakin Digiri na farko, malam Zarruƙ gwani ne domin duk ɗalibin da ya bi ta hannunsa zai bayar da wannan shaida. Shi ne ya nuna cewa a ɗauki gatan da aka ba rubutun Hausar boko game da amfani da ƙa’idoji, a sa wa Ajamin Hausa. Abin da ya sa ya ga dacewar hakan shi ne, dukansu harshe ɗaya ake rubutawa duk da dai kowanne hanyar rubuta shi daban. To amma yana ganin idan aka yi haka, wani mataki ne na farfaɗo da rubutun Ajami wanda ya sami mugun rauni mai wuyar warkewa. Wannan da’awa ta malam ta yi tasiri a inda aka sami wasu ɗalibai suka shiga baddala wasu littattafan Adabi da aka yi da Hausar boko zuwa Hausar Ajami. Misali, Muntari Musa ya baddala Littafin ‘Jiki Magayi’ a matsayin Kundin Digirinsa na farko, a shekarar 2002. Kuma malam ɗin shi ya duba aikin nasa. Haka ma, Rabi’u M. Tahir ɗalibin malam Zarruk ne wanda ya kwankwaɗi ilimin Ajami har ya rubuta Kundin Digirinsa na biyu a fannin, wanda shi ma malam ɗin ne ya duba shi. Ya ɗora har ya wallafa littafi mai taken “Ajamin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantu ” wanda aka buga a shekarar 2012, ya kuma sami karɓuwa saboda tsarin rubuta shi da ƙa’idojin rubutu irin na boko.

Ga wani samfur na rubutun Ajami wanda malam Zarruƙ ya rubuta cikin ƙa’idojin rubutun boko:

Zane-Zane : Harkar zane, da ma malam tun yana yaro ya yi fice a kai. Wannan gwarzantaka ta fito ta fuskoki daban-daban. a matsayinsa na malami. Misali, shi ya zana logon Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello na farko, da na Jami’ar Bayero. Ya yi zane-zane a littattafan ilimi na Hausa kamar littafinsu Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Makarntun Sakandare, duk shi ya zana hotunan da ke ƙunshe ciki. Ga misali na bangon littattafan:

     

          Waɗannan littattafai sun ƙunshi cikakkaun bayanai a kan harshen Hausa da adabinsa da al’adun Hausawa. Kuma akwai sassan awon fahimtar karatu da kuma insha’i watau gina labari ta kyakkyawar hanyar amfani da hotuna. An kuma tsara su ne ta amfani da manhajar nan da Hukumar Bunƙasa Ilimi ta Ƙasa ta wallafa. Wannan ya nuna malam Zarruƙ bai tsaya a harshe kawai ba, ya bayar da gudummawa mai tsoka a ɓangaren Adabi da al’adun Hausawa.

Har wa yau, za a iya duba wasu hotuna da ya zana daga cikin littafinsu na Kirarin Duniya  Ga wani:

Nan ƙasa kuma, wani samfur ne har wa yau,  a cikin zane don a fahinci karin sauti a Hausa:

 

Kammalawa

          Kamar yadda aka gani, wannan takarda ta yi bita ne game da rayuwar malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ wanda aka san cewa fitaccen malamin da ya koyar da harshen Hausa ne a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya. Tun farko an kawo taƙaitaccen tarihin malam ɗin inda aka gano tun yana yaro ya fara fice na daban a cikin al’umma. Zuwa lokacin da ya girma kuma, aka ga abin Allah-son-barka tattare da shi na game da halayensa a zamantakewar duniya. Wato a gida da waje, duk an yabe shi kan kyawawan siffofi da halayen da suke da wuyar riƙo da su. Kuma lallai an fahimci shi Jarumi ne a jerin malaman Hausa saboda dalilan da aka bayyana cikin wannan maƙala. Wato malam Zarruƙ ya zama daban saboda bai karbi shahadar Digiri na uku a Hausa ba, amma sai aka gan shi ya yi iyo a kogin da sai shahararren masunci ke iya kamo kifi a cikinsa. Faruwar hakan kuwa, saboda shi ɗan baiwa ne wanda ya zamo mai kaifin basira da ƙwazon aiki. Har wa yau, an ga cewa fannin Zane da ya ƙware a kansa a Jami’a, Hausawa sun  more masa ƙwarai ta ɓangaren haɓaka Harshe da Adabi da kuma Al’adusu.

         A ƙarshe muna addu’a Allah ya ji ƙan malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruk ya sa shi a Aljanna maɗaukakiya. Allah ya ba mu ikon koyi da jaruntaka irin tashi musamman a irin wannan zamani da muke ciki na ƙarancin amana da juriyar al’umma waɗanda kuma lallai suna ruguza nagartar ilimi.

Manazarta

Tuntuɓi mai takarda.