Ganga Dogarau da Misalanta a Hausa

 Ganga Dogarau da Misalanta a Hausa

Idris Abubakar
Hafsat Muhammad
Hauwa Mu’azu
Babani Ibrahim Aminu
Huwaila Abubakar

Gabatarwa

          Wannan takarda da za a gabatar za ta yi bayani ne kan “ganga dogarau”. Amma kafin nan yana da kyau a ce mu bayyana ma’anar “ganga”, kafin mu zo mu ga abin da ganga dogarau take nufi, sannan mu duba yadda ita kanta ganga dogarau ke sarrafuwa a cikin jimla, sannan mu duba wani irin dangantaka ko yarjejeniya za a iya samu tsakanin ganga dogarau da kuma jinsi da adadi.

Me ake nufi da ganga?

          Ganga wani jerin kalmomi ne na nahawu, wanda bai kai jimla ba. Haka kuma shi wannan jeri haɗe yake da aikatau. Misali:

Ø da suka gama

Ø wanda suka zo

Ø inda na gan su       d.s.

A Hausa ganga iri biyu ce ta fuskar tsari, kamar haka:

Ø Ganga dogarau

Ø Tsayayyiyar ganga

Amma wannan takarda za ta yi bayani ne kan ganga dogarau kamar yadda muka ambata a jawabin mu na gabatarwa.

Ganga Dogarau

          Ganga dogaru wani nau’i ne na ganga, wadda ba ta iya zama ita kaɗai a jimla. Maimakon haka, lalle ne ta dogara da wani abin daban. Misali:

Ø Ya zo bayan sun tashi

Ø Sun shiga da aka kira su

Ø Za mu saya in an samu

Ø Waɗanda suka zo, sun koma

Ø In za ka tafi kasuwa, zan ba ka saƙo

Ø In ɗaliban sun zo, za mu shiga aji

Ø Za a kama ta, idan an gan ta

Ø In da sarki ya iso, da mun ji kakaki.

Ø Wanda ya zo aji jiya, ya makara          d.s.

Kamar yadda za a gani, jerin kalmomi na:

Ø Bayan sun tashi…

Ø Da aka kira su….

Ø In an samu…

Ø Waɗanda suka zo…

Ø In za ka tafi kasuwa….

Ø In ɗaliban sun zo..

Ø Idan an ganta…

Ø In da sarki ya iso…..

Ø Wanda ya zo aji jiya….

Kowannensu yana matsayin “ganga dogarau” ne. kowanne ka ɗauka shi kaɗai ba zai zauna ba.

          Shi ya sa ganga ta:

Ø Ta jumlar farko ta dogara da “ya zo”

Ø Ta biyu ta dogara da “sun shiga”

Ø Ta uku ta dogara da “za mu saya”

Ø Ta huɗu ta dogara da “sun koma”

Ø Ta biyar ta dogara da “zan ba ka saƙo”

Ø Ta shida ta dogara da “za mu shiga aji”

Ø Ta bakwai ta dogara da “za a kama ta”

Ø Ta takwas ta dogara da “da mun ji kakaki”

Ø Ta tara ta dogara da “ya makara”

A taƙaice ganga dogarau ba ta iya tsayawa da ƙafafunta. Maimakon haka, tilas ne ta dogara da wani sashe ko ɓangare na tsayayyiya.

Sarrafuwar Ganga Dogarau A Cikin Jimla

          Dangane da sarrafuwar ganga a cikin jimla kuma za a iya duba ganga dogarau ta fuskoki guda huɗu kamar haka:

i.                   Ganga dogarau a matsayin aikau

ii.                 Ganga dogarau a matsayin karɓau

iii.              Ganga dogarau a matsayin cikamako

iv.               Ganga dogarau a matsayin bayanau

 

A) Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin Aikau

          Ganga dogarau tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jimla a matsayin “aikau”. Misali:

Ø Waɗanda suka zo sun koma

 

aikau

Ø Wanda ya gan su zai yi dariya

 

aikau

Ø Wadda ta ji za ta faɗa      d.s.

 

     aikau

          A waɗannan misalai, waɗanda suka zo, wanda ya gan su, wadda ta ji duka ‘ganga dogarau’ ne a matsayin “aikau”. Wato kowace ganga ita ce mai aikin a wannan jimlar.

B) Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin Karɓau

          Haka kuma a jumla akwai inda “ganga dogarau” ke ɗaukar matsayin karɓau. Misali:

Ø Mun san waɗanda suka zo

 

   karɓau

Ø Ta kira wanda ya gan su

 

karɓau

Ø Ya san yadda ake yi

     

      karɓau

Ø Ya san wadda ta gudu

 

karɓau

          don haka duk ganga dogarau ɗin nan da muka ba da misalai da su a matsayin karɓau. Ma’ana su ne aikin ya faɗa kansu, wato su ne suka karɓi aikin.

C) Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin cikamako

          Haka kuma a jimla akwai in da ganga dogarau ke zuwa a matsayin cikamako. Misali:

Ø Sun tafi inda aka aike su

 

cikamako

Ø Ya dawo wurin da aka haife shi

 

    cikamako

Ø Ta koma inda aka umarce ta

 

cikamako

A nan ma, inda aka aike su, da aka haife shi, da inda aka umarce ta, kowanne ganga ne amma “dogarau a matsayin cikamako”. Haka kuma kowanne ya jiɓanci wuri ne.

          Amma a lura da kyau, waɗannan ba ganga ba ne a matsayin karɓau. Aikatau ɗin nan guda uku, wato tafi, dawo, koma, duk “ƙi-karɓau” ne, marasa ɗaukar karɓau.

D) Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin Bayanau

          Haƙiƙa, har wa yau “ganga” tana ɗaukar matsayin bayanau. Bayanau dai kamar yadda muka sani, yana bayyana aikatau ne a jumla. Ba kamar ganga a matsayin cikamako ba inda wannan gangar ke jiɓantar wuri kawai ba, ganga a matsayin bayanau tana dangantar abubuwa da dama kamar su:

Ø Lokaci

Ø Wuri

Ø Sharaɗi

Ø Yanayi

Ø Zaɓi            d.s.

Lokaci

          A wannan ganga dogarau ana samun kalmomi irin su: bayan, har, tun, a farko, d.s. misali:

Ø Sun zo bayan mun tashi

 

bayanau

Ø Ba zai sake zuwa ba har ya mutu

 

     bayanau

Ø Ba ta yi ciwo ba tun da aka haife ta                        d.s.

 

   bayanau

Wuri

A wannan, ana samun wuri da, inda, a farko d.s. misali:

Ø Ta gan su wurin da suke zaune

 

     bayanau

Ø Na bi shi wurin da yake aiki

 

  bayanau

Ø An raka ta inda za ta tafi                                        d.s

 

 bayanau

Sharaɗi

A wannan kuma ana samun kalmar idan, muddin, sai. Misali:

Ø Za su yi fushi idan aka ɓata musu rai

 

   bayanau

Ø Za mu saya muddin muka sami kuɗi

 

  bayanau

Ø Ba zan koyar ba sai ta fita

 

       Bayanau

Yanayi

A wannan ana samun kalmar yadda a farko. Misali:

Ø Sun yi shi yadda aka umarce su

 

      bayanau

Ø Zan ba shi yadda yake so

 

 bayanau

Ø Mun yarda da shi yadda aka ce                     d.s.

 

  bayanau

Zaɓi

A wannan kuma, kalmar maimakon ake samu a farko. Misali:

Ø Sai ya yiwo aike maimakon ya zo

 

    bayanau

Ø Za na saya maimakon na roƙa

 

      bayanau

Ø Sun cinye maimakon su rage                        d.s.

 

    bayanau

Haƙiƙa, waɗannan misalai sun nuna alaƙa da abubuwa daban-daban da ganga dogarau a matsayin bayanau take da ita. Tana yin nuni da “lokaci”, “sharaɗi”, “wuri”, “yanayi” da “zaɓi”.

Dacewar Ganga Dogarau da Jinsi da Adadi

          Za mu tabbatar da cewar akwai yarjejeniya ko dacewa tsakanin ganga dogarau da jinsi da kuma adadi idan muka duba waɗannan misalan ganga dogara ɗin:

Ø bayan sun tashi

Ø a matsayin ganga dogarau

Zai iya ɗaukan jinsi mace ko namiji sannan kuma jam’i.

Ø wadda ta zo => a matsayin ganga dogarau

jinsi mace ne sannan kuma tilo.

Ø Waɗanda suka mutu => Ganga dogarau

Jinsin namiji/mace sannan kuma jam’i

Ø Wanda ya zo => Ganga dogarau

Jinsin namiji kuma tilo

Ø Inda aka aike su => Ganga dogarau

Jinsin namiji/mace sannan jam’i

Ø Wurin da aka haife shi => Ganga dogarau

Jinsin namiji kuma tilo

Ø Inda aka umurce ta => Ganga dogaro

Jinsin mace kuma tilo

Ø Har ya mutu => Ganga dogarau

Jinsin namiji kuma tilo

Ø Inda za ta tafi => Ganga dogarau

Jinsin mace kuma tilo.

          A taƙaice za mu ga dacewar ganga dogarau da jinsi da adadi a fili kamar yadda misalan da suka gabata a sama suka nuna mana. Don haka za mu iya taƙaita misalan a jadawalance kamar haka:

	Ganga Dogarau	Jinsi	Adadi
1.	bayan sun tashi	MC/NMJ	Jam’i
2.	wadda ta zo	MC	Tilo
3.	waɗanda suka mutu	MC/NMJ	Jam’i
4.	wanda ya zo	NMJ	Tilo
5.	Inda aka aike su	MC/NMJ	Jam’i
6.	Wurin da aka haife shi	NMJ	Tilo
7.	Inda aka umurce ta	MC	Tilo
8.	Har ya mutu	NMJ	Tilo
9.	Inda za ta tafi	MC	Tilo

 

Kammalawa

          A gaba ɗaya kuma inda muka ce “ganga” jeri ne na kalmomi na nahawu, wanda bai kai jimla ba. Ganga ta fuskar tsari iri biyu ce. Akwai dogarau da tsayayyiya, amma mu aikin mu a kan “dogarau” ce wadda muka ce faufau ba ta zama ita kaɗai, sannan muka ce dangane da sarrafuwa a cikin jimla kuma, ganga dogarau tana taka rawa a matsayi daban-daban har huɗu, wato a matsayin “aikau”, “karɓau”, “cikamako” da kuma “bayanau”. Inda muka ce bayanau ma ya kasu da dama kamar su: wuri, yanayi, lokaci, sharaɗi da zaɓi. Bayan haka sai muka duba dacewar ko yarjejeniyar ganga dogarau da jinsi da adadi.

 

Madogara

Tuntuɓi masu gudanarwa.