Kundin Binciken Neman Digirin Farko (B.A Hausa) Wanda Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.
Taubasantakar
Bazamfare Da Badakkare (3)
NA
ABDULRAHMAN
BALA
BABI NA UKU
TAUBASANTAKA
3.0 GABATARWA
Wannan babi
an shirya shi ne don a “feÉ—e Biri har zuwa wutsiya,” ma’ana ayi
luguden Kalmar taubasantaka da abin da ta ƙunsa. Sannan
kuma a wannan babin ne za a yi luguden taken wannan kundin binciken. Wato a
cikin wannan babin ne za a san ma’anar Kalmar taubasantaka da asalinta sannan
ayi bayanin su wane ne taubasai? Sai kuma bayani a kan “TAUBASANTAKAR BAZAMFARE
DA BADAKKARE” wannan shi ne taken wannan bincike, daga nan sai a naÉ—e ko a
kammala wannan babi.
3.1 MA’ANAR
TAUBASANTAKA
Taubasantaka
ruhi ne na ‘yan uwantaka a tsakanin al’umma, da tabbatar da cakuÉ—uwar Æ™abilu
wuri guda, su tunkari manufa guda. Wasan taubasantaka yana inganta hulɗa tsakanin ƙabilu
waÉ—anda kafin
faruwarsa ba sa ga maciji da junansu a harkar siyasa da al’ada. Irin wannan
wasan taubasantakar kuwa ya haÉ—a da wanda yake gudana a tsakanin
Fulani da Barebari da tsakanin Tibi da Fulani, da tsakanin katsinawa da Nufawa
da tsakanin Hausawa da Jukunawa, Kanawa da Zagezagi da sauransu, IBB(18/5/1991)
Kaduna.
Wasan
Taubasantaka: Wannan kan batu na wasan taubasantaka, batu ne da yake É—auke da
kalmomi guda biyu, wasa da kuma barkwanci ba’a fara da ta farko, ko a fara kawo
ma’anar ko wanensu daban, sannan daga bisani a kawo ma’anarsu a dunÆ™ule
kamar yadda suke haÉ—e.
Wasa dai a
Hausance abu ne da yake nufin ba’a ko raha ko wani abin da aka yi shi, amma ba
da gaske ba. Za a kuma iya fassara wasa da cewa duk wani aiki ko magana da aka
yi da gangan ba da nufin muzantawa ba. Wannan ta sa idan mutum ya yi wata
magana ko aiki ga wani ya ga ran mutumin ya É“aci yakan ce
ai ni wasa nake yi.
Ita ma
taubasantaka ma’anarta na da É“urbushin wannan ma’ana tare da ita.
Domin kuwa masana sun fassara ta suka ce taubasanaka zantuka ne na raha ko wasa
da mutane, ko wasu mabambantan al’ummomi suke yi wa junansu don nishaÉ—i tare da
zolaya (ÆŠangambo: 1984).
A dunƙule
za a iya fassara wasan taubasantaka da cewa wasa ne da mutane ke gudanarwa ta
hanyar zantuttuka a tsakaninsu da suka haÉ—a da zolaya ko
tsarguwa, gami da wasan ‘yan gajerun labarai da suka taÉ“a faruwa ko
aka ƙirƙire su da
nufin daÉ—aÉ—awa ko
tsokana don a yi dariya.
Wasan
taubasantaka wata dangantaka ce da al’ada ta yarda da wanzuwarta a tsakanin
mutane biyu. Ko a tsakanin al’ummu a duk inda suka haÉ—u sai sun
zolayi juna, ko tunzura juna ba tare da an sami wani saɓani a
tsakaninsu ba (Brown 1952).
Wasan
taubasantaka zantuttukan raha ne da bandariya da mafi yawan al’ummomi suka
aminta da wanzuwarsa don adana tarihinsu da yaukaka zumunci (Tukur A. 1994).
Ni kuma a
fahimtata ina ganin za a iya fassara wasan taubasantaka da cewa, wata hanya ce
mai Æ™arfafa zumunci a tsaanin al’ummomi mabambanta
cikin sauƙi, ta hanyar zolayar juna ko tsonaka, ko suka
don a yi raha da dariya. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon auratayya ko yaƙi
da makamantansu.
Abu ne mai
wuya dangane da asalin faruwar wasan taubasantaka a rayuwar É—an adam a
bugi ƙirji a ce ga lokacin ko wurin da aka fara yin
wasan taubasai a duniya. Amma duk da wannan matsalar an sami wasu bayanai daga
masana tarihi da suke nuna cewa É—an adam ya fara wasa ne a daidai
lokacin da ya fara aiwatar da sana’arsa ta farko a duniya. Ya kan yi wasa ko
zolaya ga abokin kasuwancinsa, don ya samu shawo kansa har ya samu ya saye ko a
saye sana’ar (Yahaya, I.Y 1981).
Dangane da
was an taubasantaka kuwa, wasa ne da faÉ—in farkon faruwarsa a
wajen É—an adam yake
da wuyar gaske. Ba ma kamar idan muka yi la’akari da cewa abu ne da ya fara
wanzuwa tun farkon kafuwar al’umma. Amma kuma idan aka yi la’akari da halayyar É—an adam ta
son sararawa da hutawa da annashuwa da raha inda a duk lokacin da yake hutawa a
cikin ‘yan uwansa yana yin hira da ‘yan zantuttukan barkwanci na ban dariya. To
sai a ce wasan ya faro ne tun farkon kafuwar al’umma. “Rai dangin goro ne, ban
iska yake so” (Umar 1990).
Wasu kuma
masana tarihi suna ganin cewa, wasan taubasantaka ya samo asali ne a lokacin da
aka fara yaƙe-yaƙe a ƙasar
Hausa, wato da an gwabza yaƙi a tsakanin
juna, to duk wanda ya yi nasara shi ne ubangiji. Shi kuma wanda ya faÉ—i ya zama
bawa, misali kamar Bagobiri da Bakatsine, Katsinawa su ne iyayengijin Gobirawa.
Domin sun sha kasha a hannun Katsinawa har suka ce “A mazaya a kai iri gida,” kuma
shi irin wannan wasa suna yin sa ne a ko da yaushe muddin suka haÉ—u da juna.
Misali Bagobiri yakan riƙe rigar
Bakatsine ya ce da shi ya ba shi dukiyarsa ko ya rotsa masa kai, yanzu banza.
Shi kuma Bakatsine yakan ce a mazaya in ba ka sakar mini riga ba, ina mai she
ka bauta yanzun nan. Haka zai cigaba da riƙe rigar
bakatsine duk lokacin da suka haÉ—u, ko ya san shi ko ai san shi
ba. Ire-iren waÉ—annan dalilan
suka sa wasu masana suke ganin cewa wasan taubasantaka ya samo asali ne daga yaƙi
(Baɓura S.A 1983).
Wasu kuma
daga cikin manazarta sun jingina asalin taubasantaka da auratayya, wato
taubasantaka ta samo asali ne ta dalilin auratayya. Suka ƙara kafa
hujja da cewa ta dalilin auratayya akwai wasanni da dama da auratayya ne silar
samar da su. Misali wasan jika da kaka, wasan ÆŠan mace da É—an namiji,
wasan ƙanin miji ko wasan miji da ƙanwar
matarsa da sauransu. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa
duk waÉ—annan wasanni
auratayya ne silar samuwarsu. (M.B Umar 1988).
A taƙaice
dai kamar yadda muka ga bambance-bambance ko saɓanin
ra’ayoyin masana a kan asalin taubasantaka, za mu iya cewa babu wata takamaimar
hujjar da aka tsaida cewa ala tilas ita ce asalin taubasantaka.
3.2 SU WANE
NE TAUBASAI
Wannan fanni
kuma zai Æ™unshi bayanai ne a kan jinsuna ko al’ummomin
da suke taubasan juna. “Abin da yawa mutuwa da ta shiga kasuwa”, wato
taubasantakar ta kasu kashi kashi ne. Akwai taubasan juna na cikin gida, akwai
kuma taubasan juna tsakanin wannan al’ummar da waccan al’ummar.
Za mu fara da
taubasantakar da ke tsakanin al’ummomi mabambanta (na cikin gida da na waje)
ma’ana Hausawa da wata Æ™abila, da kuma
taubasantakar Hausawa da Hausawa.
Taubasantakar
katsinawa da Nufawa da taubasantakar Kanawa da Gwandarawa. Sai Hausawa da Igo
da kuma Hausawa da Buzaye da Zamfarawa da Kanawa. Haka kuma akwai taubasantaka
tsakanin Kano da Daura, da kuma taubasantaka a tsakanin Zazzagawa da Kanawa.
Har wa yau akwai wasar taubasantaka tsakanin HaÉ—ejawa da
Katagumawa, sai Katsinawa da Kabawa, da Gobirawa da Yarbawa da kuma Fulani da
barebari. Haka kuma Katsinawa da Hadejawa suna wasa tsakaninsu, sai Kanawa da Gwandarawa;
da dai sauransu. Ga baki É—aya waÉ—annan
al’ummomi huÉ—É—ar
taubasantaka ce ta haÉ—a wasu da wasu, sai dai bambancin da za a
samu wasu daga cikinsu yaƙi ne silar
zamansu taubasan juna. Wasu kuma auratayya ce silar zamansu taubasai (Tukur A.
1994).
Sai kuma
wasan taubasantaka tsakanin dangi a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Ita kuma wannan
nau’in taubasantakar ita ce ta cikin gida. Ta É—an sha bamban
da waccan taubasantakar. Dalili ita waccan gaba É—ai al’umma ce
ke wasa da wata al’ummar. Ita kuma wannan É—ai-É—ai-kun mutane
ne ke aiwatar da ita, misali; wasan taubasantaka tsakanin jika da kaka, wasan ƙanin
miji da wasan taubasantakar É—an mace da É—an namiji.
Haka kuma da wasan saurayi da ƙanwar Budurwa
ko miji da ƙanwar matarsa da sauransu. Waɗannan su ne
manya-manayn dangogi guda biyu da suke gudanar da wasan taubasantaka (Tukur A.
1994).
3.4
TAUBASANTAKAR BAZAMFARE DA BADAKKARE
Hausawa sun
ce “Ana dara sai ga dare ya yi”. Wato haÆ™a ta kusa ta
fara cimma ruwa. A wannan bagire kuma an É—an samu bambanci
ra’ayi, sai dai kuma akwai tarihin hujjojin da za su yi alÆ™alanci don
tabbatar da gaskiya; wato a tarihance, babu makawa a kowane irin bincike aka yi
za a tarar cewa ba za a iya raba zamfarawa da Dakarkari ba, matuƙar
dai za a yi la’akari da daÉ—aÉ—en tarihi na
wajen ƙarni na goma sha shida.
Taubasantakar
Bazamfare da Badakkare taubasantaka ce irin ta jika da kaka. Wato Badakkare
jika ne ga Bazamfare; an gano hakan ne ta la’akari da bayanan masana tarihi da
kuma wasu hujjoji na daban. Misali Wasu masana tarihi kamar P.G da Harris
(1938) sun ce “Dakka asalinshi daga Zamfarawan Dutsi a gundumar Zurmi ne, su
kuma Dakarkarin jikoki ne ga Dakka. Wato mai yawon farauta da aka faɗi a ƙasar
Bukkum, ya zama É—a ne ko jikan
Dakka wanda ya yi kaura zuwa ƙasar
Dakarkari. Ya kuma sa wa mutanensa suna “Dakka” don riÆ™o da sunan
kakansa (Harris, 1938).
Wasu tsofaffi
mutanen Dabai (wato hedikwatar Dakarkari) sun bayar da tarihinsu kamar haka;
“Dakarkari sun samo asali ne daga Bukkuyum ta cikin Æ™aramar
hukumar Bukkuyum ta jihar Zamfara. Sun ce wani mutum ne ya fito zuwa yankin
wanda ake kira Dabai ya fito ne yin farauta har ya kawo wurin da iyalinsa har
zuriyarsa ta bunƙasa (Bugaji 1985).
Harris (1938)
a cikin aikace-aikacensa, cewa ya yi, wani mutum mafarauci da yake yawon
farauta mai suna “Dakka” shi ne asalin Dakarkari har ma akan yi masu kirari da
“Na Dakka maganin wawonta.” Ma’ana zuriyar Dakka maganin Yarinya.
Muhammad
(1982) ya ce “akwai auratayya a tsakanin Hausawa da Dakarkari tun kafin zuwan
Turawan mulkin mallaka, har ma daga cikin iyalan sarkin zuru da na Dabai akwai
Hausawa.
Dangantakar
Bazamfare da Badakkare mai yawa ce da kuma armashi a tsakanin waÉ—annan
al’ummomi guda biyu, musamman kasancewarsu farfajiya guda, wurin zama ne kawai
ya raba su.
Asalin
taubasantakar tasu shi ne wato ana jin su Dakarkari jikoki ne ga Zamfarawa, su
Zamfarawa suna ganin wasa ya shiga tsakaninsu da (Kabawa) Dakarkari ne a
zamanin Sarkin Zamfara Dakka domin shi ne É—ansa ya yi
hijira ya shiga yawon farauta, har ya zauna a dajin dabai daga baya ya zo ya É—auki matarsa
suka koma dabai da zama, nan ya cigaba da haihuwa har ya fara tara zuri’a. Sai
kuma baƙin mafarauta da su ka yi ta zuwa suna ya da
zango a wurin har wurin ya bunƙasa ya zama
gari. Don haka waÉ—annan ‘ya’ya
da É—anÉ—an Sarki
Dakka ya Haifa sai suka zama jikoki kuma taubasai ga dakka da kuma Zamfarawa.
Yanayin wasan
nasu ko taubasantakarsu ta sha bamban saboda ba su yi wa junansu wani kirari
yayin wannan wasa, sai dai ‘yan zantuka na bandariya da yi wa juna shaÆ™iyanci,
amma ba irin na cin zarafi ba.
Wannan shi ne
ra’ayi mafi Æ™arfi da rinjaye a kan taubasantakar da ke
tsakanin Bazamfare da Badakkare. Sai kuma wani ra’ayi mai É—an burbushin
gaskiya sai dai ba wasu ingantattun hujjoji da za su ƙarfafa shi,
ra’ayin shi ne wanda aka samu daga (Hon. Ibrahim Dan Madami). Ya ce an ce Ali
Jan masari (Ali Bazamfare) ya baro gidansu na asali ne tun a farkon farkon ƙarni
na 18, bayan rikicin sarauta ya yi masa tsamari, sai ya yanke shawarar barin
danginsa.
Da fari ya
soma ƙirƙirar wani
gari da a halin yanzu ke kudu maso arewa da garin Mayanci na kan hanyar Gusau
zuwa Sakkwato (Idan an wuce garin Maru). Ana kiran wannan gari da sunan Mafarar
Garangi. An ce ya laƙaba sunan ne saboda
ya amsa sunan Sarkin Mafara ya kuma kira kanshi sarkin Mafaran Garangi.
Daga baya sai
yaƙi ya barke a tsakanin shi da Sarkin Zamfaran
Anka Yakubu, wanda shi ne sanadiyyar da ya sanya Ali Jan Masari (Ali Bazamfare)
ya ƙara tafiya zuwa yamma da garin Anka, inda ya ƙirƙiri
wani gari mai suna Bukkuyum).
Matsin lambar
da Sarki Ali Jan Masari ke yi wa ƙabilar
Dakkarkari, a wancan lokaci babu garin Zuru sai dai garuruwa irinsu zugu da
Dabai da su Danko da sauransu, ta kai ga ya samu nasarar kisan sarkin Danko,
wanda a wancan lokaci kusan shi ne jagoran wannan ƙabila ta
Dakarkari, inda Ali Jan masari ya tsire kanshi ya zo da shi a garin shi na
Bukkuyum, ya kuma laƙabawa kanshi Sarautar
Sarkin Danko a Bukkuyum (Sarkin Dankon Bukkuyum).
Bisa wannan
galaba da ya samu a kansu sai ya zama yana juya cibiyar masarautar Dakarkari
lokaci zuwa lokaci. Yakan yi ikonsa daga Bukkuyum har zuwa Danko ko ÆŠangurumfa
ko zugu. Shi ne kuma dalilin da ya sa Zamfarawan Bukkuyum da Gummi da Talata
Mafara (da suke zuriya É—aya) da ma Zamfarawan Anka (da ba su da
zumunci na jini da mutanen Bukkuyum da Gummi da Talata Mafara) suka dinga
tsokanan (Shaguɓen) ƙabilar
Dakarkari, su na nuna irin rashin ƙwazonsu wajen
gwabzawa da Zamfarawan Bukkuyum ƙarƙashin
ikon Ali jan masari. An ce sannu a hankali sai wannan abu ya kasance wasa
tsakaninsu ya zuwa yau.
3.5 NAÆŠEWA
Kamar yadda bayani
ya gabata, za mu ga cewa wasan taubasantaka ya yi kane-kane a cikin wasanni da
‘yan uwantaka da auratayya da hayayyafa ne suka wanzar da shi. Kuma bayan
gwargwa an kawo bayanai waÉ—anda ake sa ran cewa za su gamsar da
mai karatu, kuma bayanan sun bayyana mana irin taubasantakar dake tsakanin
Bazamfare da Badakkare. Sannan kuma an kawo wasu misalai na waÉ—ansu taubasan
daban, kuma an kawo ma’anar ita kanta Kalmar taubasantakar da kuma yadda ta
samo asali, kamar yadda muka ji ra’ayoyin masana.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.