Kwalliyar Matan Garin Gusau (5)

Kundin Binciken Neman Digirin Farko (B.A Hausa) Wanda Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.

Kwalliyar Matan Garin Gusau (5)

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ƊAYYABA MUSTAPHA IBRAHIM

BABI NA HUƊU

4.0 GABATARWA

A wannan babi na huɗu wanda shi ne gundarin aikin, zamu duba kwalliyar matan Gusau, sai kwalliyar mata ƙanana, sai kwalliyar ‘yan mata da kuma kwalliyar zawarawa sannan kuma kwalliyar matan aure. Idan an duba waɗannan kwalliyar za a ga yadda kowane nau’i  da mata suke yin tasu kwalliyar.

 

4.1 KWALLIYAR MATAN GUSAU  

A kwalliyar matan garin Gusau za a dubata jiya da yau, wato ta gargajiya da ta zamani.

 

Kwalliyar gargajiya kwalliya ce wadda kaka da kakanni suke yi domin ƙawata kansu da kuma gyara kansu. Kwalliyar mata ta gargajiya, mata suna amfani da abubuwa daban-daban irin su farar ƙasa, da katambiri da funfun. Haka kuma akwai kwallyar tsaga da kwalliyyar tufafi da ƙunshi da ta gyaran gashi da ta gira da sauransu.

 

Kwalliyar Tsaga: Bisa ma’ana ta gaba ɗaya, tsaga na nufin alama da wanzami ke yi wa mutum a fuska ko a wani ɓangaren jiki don nuna ƙabilarsa ko kwalliya ko kuma magani (CNHN, 2006:449).

 

Sallau (2010:116) ya bayyana tsaga da wata alama ce da Hausawa da kuma wasu ƙabilu na sassa daban-daban da suke cikin nahiyar Afrika da wasu sassa na wannan duniya ke yi da aska a fuska ko a wani ɓangaren jiki, don a bambanta wata ƙabila da wata, ko mutanen wata daula da wata ko dangi da dangi ko zuria da zuria ko dan riƙon al’ada ko dan magance wata cuta, ko kuma don yin kwalliya. Tsaga ta kasu uku kamar haka: Tsagar gado da tsagar magani da tsagar kwalliya.

 

Tsagar Kwalliya na nufin ire-iren tsagar da mata kan sa wanzamai su yi masu a jikinsu domin yin kwalliya.

 

Shi kuwa Sallau (2010:149 – 150) ya bayyana tsagar kwalliya da ire-iren tsagan da mata kan sa wanzamai su yi masu a fuska ko a wani ɓangare na jiki domin ado ko kwalliya.

 

Ire-iren waɗannan tsaga sun haɗa da ta kallangu da ta kwalle da ta matakin soro da ta ‘yar ƙirji da ta alluna da ta garɗin gero da ta ‘yar baka da sauransu (Muhammad, 1988: 71) Ga bayanansu kamar haka:

 

Tsagar Fuska: Mata Hausawa su kan yi tsaga a fuska, kasancewar fuska ita ce ja-gaba wajen gano kyau na mace ko kuma rashin kyauwunta. A ire-iren tsagar da mata ke yi ta fuska ka fi ta ko’ina yawa, waɗannan nau’o’in tsaga sun haɗa da kalangu da kwale da yarbaka da sauransu. Wasu matan sukan haɗa nau’o’in tsaga fiye da ɗaya a fuskarsu (Yola 2014:408). Wasu daga cikin nau’o’in tsaga da mata ke yi a fuska na gargajiya sun haɗa da:

Tsagar Kalangu: Ita ce wadda suke yi a fuska a dai-dai gefen kansu da kunne. Irin wannan tsaga ƙarama ce marar tsawo, tana kama da ganyen bishiya ɗan dogo mai tsaga- tsaga da yawa, wasu ana yi masu kalangu ɗai-ɗai, wasu kuma ana yi masu bibbiyu a kowane ɓangare na fuska ya danganta da sha’awar da kuma zaɓin wadda za a yi wa tsagar-baya ya kalangu na kwalliya, akwai kalangu iri-iri wato na Fulani da na Katsinawa da sauransu (Hira da A.I.W 02/8/2014).

 

Tsagar ‘Yar Baka: Kwalliya ce da ake yi wa yan mata a kuma tungu wadda ta haɗa da wutsiyar baki, wannan tsaga na yin ta ne mataki ɗaya, amma ana yin ta caɓa caɓa a kunatu. Akan kira ta cika-baki, wannan kuma ya faru ne saboda yadda ake yenta caɓa- caɓa har ta cika kumatu (Yola 2014:408).

 

Tsagar Matakin Soro: Tsaga ce da ake yi a tsakiyar gashi dai-dai ƙaran hanci, domin yin kwalliya da ƙayata fuska. Inna wannan tsaga da sunan matakin soro shi ne ta yi kama da tsani wanda ake takawa a hau soro, shi ne ta yi kama da tsani wanda ake takawa a hau soro, wannan tsaga tafi yi wa mace mai faɗin goshi kyau (Sallau 2010: 155 – 156 da Yola, 2015:408).

 

Bayan waɗannan tsagogi akwai wasu tsagogi kamar su: tsagar tagumin gafiya, tsuga ka Doya.

Kwale: Tsagar kwale, tsaga ce da ake yi guda ɗai-ɗai a kundukuki kamar hawaye kuma tsagar kan kasance gargajiya, sannan guda ɗaya ake yin ta a kowane kunci na fuskar wannan tsagar akasari waɗanda suka fi yin ta ‘yan mata ne domin ƙawata fuska.

 

Wannan tsaga tafiya ne a kan ra’i na sauyi na sassauyawar sassan jiki bisa shekaru, musamman na ‘yan matanci wato shekaru na balaga.

 

Tsagar Kwaluluwa: Tsagar kwaluluwa tsaga ce ƙarama kuma gajera da ake yin ta layi a tsaye a fuska ƙarƙashin idanu, kuma gefen hanci. Ana yiwa wasu ‘yan mata kwale ɗaya – ɗaya a kowane ɓangaren na fuska, wasu kuwa ana yi masu biyu biyu. An fi yin irin wannan tsaga tun buduwa na ƙarama, kuma mafi yawanci an fi yi wa yan mata masu ƙarin fuska irin wannan tsaga ana yin ta domin kwalliya kuma tana taimakawa wajen rage kaurin fuska (Sallau, 2010: 157).

 

Fashin Goshi: Tsagar fashin goshi tsaga ce ɗaya siririya gajera da ake yi a tsakiyar goshi saitin karan-hanci, wasu kuwa ana yi masu doguwa wadda kan fara daga bisa goshi har bisa karan-hanci. Baya ga fashin goshi na gado akwai na kwalliya da wasu matasa ke yi domin sha’awar tsagar musamman wasu daga cikin waɗanda suke zaune da masu irin wannan tsaga ta fashin goshi ta gado.

 

Bille: Tsaga ce da ake yi ƙarama a kwance a ɓangaren fuska na hannun dama ko na hagu, gefen karan-hanci, wannan tsaga bisa asali ta gado ce, amma akwai wasu mata da ke nuna sha’awa ga tsagar su yi domin kwalliya

 

Akwai wasu tsagogi da mata ke yi domin kwalliya daga cikin su akwai, tsagar garɗin gero ko wuya, tsagar ƙirji, tsagar macijiya, tsagar ƙaɗangaruwa, tsagar Hannu, tsagar ƙadangare, tsagar kwanciya da masoyi, tsagar me-ka-ce mai gida, tsagar kafa, tsagar takaka-hau, tsagar kunama, waɗannan sune tsagogin da mata kan yi domin sha’awa da kwalliya.

Kwalliyar Tufafi: Tufafi su ne suke bambancewa tsakanin al’adun mutane daban-daban da kuma mabambanta jinsin mace, Bahaushiya tana da nau’o’in tufafi waɗanda take sakawa gwargwadon yanayin ƙirar jikinta.

 

Mata Hausawa suna da tufafinsu na gargajiya masu tarin yawa waɗanda suka bambanta da na maza, zane shi ne ginshiƙi a tufafin matan Hausawa na gargajiya, yawancin zannuwan mata na gargajiya saƙa su ake yi. Akwai ado da ake yiwa yawancin tufafin mata Hausawa kuma wannan ado na waɗannan zannuwa ya danganta da matsayin wadda za ta zaurasu macen basarakiya ce ko attajira ce ko matar mawadaci ce ko sauran mata ne game-gari matsayi dai shi ne mizani.

Wannan kwalliya ta tufafi ta dace da sauyi na sassauyar sassan jiki da kuma sauyi na tattalin arziki da matsayi. Akwai tufafi na kwalliyar yara ko ‘yan mata da kuma na manya ko tsofaffin mata, da kuma na mata game gari da na attajiran mata da matan sarakuna.

 

A wajen mata Hausawa, akwai kwalliyar tufafi iri daban-daban da suka ƙunshi zannuwa da fataloli da riguna da ɗankwali. Tufafin kwalliya na mata Hausawa sun ƙunshi.

 

Tufafin Tsofaffin Mata: Akwai tufafi da tsofaffi suke amfani da shi wajen kwalliyar su wanda suka haɗa da

1.      Bakurɗe: Wannan za ne ne da ake saƙashi da zare launi biyu wato fari da baƙi, ana saƙashi biyu baƙaƙe ɗaya fari, ana ɗinka farin a tsakiya baƙaƙen a kowane gefe ana yi wa farin ado mai suna ka-sha-kallo, yawanci tsofaffin mata da matan sarakai suke amfani da shi wajen kwalliya.

2.      Saƙu Dunhun saƙi: Saƙi zane ne da ake yin sa da baƙin zare, ana saƙa shi falle biyu batare da anyi masa wani ado ba, mata tsofaffi suke yin kwalliya da shi. 

Tufafin Manyan Mata ko Attajirai: Suma suna da na su kaya masu tsada da su ke amfani da su na gargajiya sun haɗa da:

1.      Ɗankatanga Ɗanjanga: Zane da ake saƙashi da zare mai launuka iri-iri, kuma ba a yi masa ado kasancewar yana da launuka da yawa, sai dai kawai ayi masa kalmasa gefe da gefe, kuma manyan mata ke yin kwalliya da shi.

2.      Tsamiya: Ana saƙa wannan zane da rinannen zare da aka rina da ganyen tsamiya da ɓawon makuba, ana saƙashi sawaye biyu, sannan a zubin sarƙar ana yin ratsin sanduna a kwance da farin zare. Launinsa rowan ƙasa-ƙasa ne, matan attajiraine ke yin kwalliya da shi.

Tufafin ‘Yan Mata: Tufafin ‘yan mata sun haɗa da:

1.      Bante: Wani ƙyalle ne mai kusurwa uku da jela da maɗauri wanda ake ɗaurawa a ƙugu, tufafin ‘yan mata ne wanda girmasa yafi wanda masunta ke ɗinkawa.  

2.      Ɗanbarasoso: Zane ne wanda ba saƙaƙƙe ba ne, farin alwayyo ne ake yi masa rini mai kama da tabarma cibiyar kura. Ana ɗaura kwallon magarya ko tsakuwoyi a jikinsa sannan a rina shi, sai ya zama launi biyu, wato wani wajen a rine, wani fari. Kuma ana kiransa da mai hadari ‘yan mata sun fi amfani da shi.

Tufafin Gama Gari: Wannan tufafi ne da ko wace mace da ta kai matsayin ɗaura zane tana iya ɗaurasu ‘yan mata manyan mata, tsofaffi, waɗannan tufafi sun haɗa da:

·         Bunu: Ana yin wannan zane da baƙin saƙi ƙoshiya biyu daban daban, daga nan sai a haɗe sawayensa a yi masa ado da farin zare. Ana yin ado layi huɗu, sannan sai ayi kan ƙaɗangare a cikin layukan. Kowace mace tana iya kwalliya da shi.  

 

Kwalliyar Riguna: Mata suna da riguna na gargajiya na kwalliya daga ciki waɗannan riguna akwai masu hannuwa da waɗanda basu da hannuwa. Haka kuma akwai farare da kuma masu ratsin launi daban-daban.  Kwalliyar riguna ana yin ta ne bisa sauyi na sassauyawar sassan jiki. Domin kowa ne rukuni na mata suna amfani da daidai tasu, wato akwai riguna na yara da manya ko tsofaffi.

 

Kwalliyar Mayafi da Kallabi: Mata Hausawa suna da mayafai na kwalliya ta gargajiya. Yawancin mayafan nan ana saƙa su ne farare, kuma ana iya yi masu baza, wasu kuma ana yi masu ratsin launi daban-daban. Yawanci manyan mata suke yafa mayafi su kuma ‘yan mata da yara da tsofaffi sai dai su ɗaura kallabi, wannan mayafi shi ne: Mayafin Shata.

 

Kallabi ko ɗan Kwali: Kallabi ko ɗan kwali tufar matace ta rufe kai (Muhammad 1985: 47) ya ce ɗankwali da ɗan ƙyalle ne da mata ke ɗaure kansu da shi. Akwai kalluba da mata tsofaffi ke amfani da su wanda ba duk mace ke amfani da shi ba sai tsofaffi kawai; misali.

1.      Saro: Kallabi ne mai tsawo wanda ake yi da ƙoshiya ɗaya ta saƙi, akwai saro na saƙi da na tsamiya da na mudukare da na kuɗi da sauransu. Mata suna ɗaura saro ne kamar rawani, kuma tsofafin mata suka fi amfani da shi. Ana masa kirari da saro ba duk kai ba.

2.      Taguma: Wata fatala ce mai sigar murabba’i ana yi mata ado da wani irin zare a tsakiyarsa wani lokaci harda tutoci, ana ɗaurashi ta hanyar yin wani ɗan ƙulli a gaba. Yawanci tsofaffin mata suke amfani da shi.

Kwalliyar Takalma: Mata Hausawa suna amfani da nau’o’in takalma daban-daban, musamman na kwalliya. Sannan kuma takalman ko wane nau’i na mata da wanda suke sakawa; akwai na matan sarakai da ‘yan mata manyan da yara da tsofaffi sun haɗa da:

1.      Balka: Wannan takalmi ne da masu iko ke yin kwalliya da shi, yana da tsinin kai da zubin ƙirji a tafin ƙafar. Matan sarakai suke amfani da shi.

2.      Sambatsi: Takalma ne buɗaɗɗu, sannan ƙarƙashinsu na ƙirgi ne, ana sa masu jar fata a sama, ayi masu maɗaukai jajaje ko ɗoruwa ko tsanwa. Sune takalman da ake sakawa a cikin lefe.  

3.      Bindin shirwa: Takalma ne masu rufe kan yatsu kawai, dan haka wadda ta sa wannan takalmi zata yi ƙawa idan tana tafiya.

Kayan Kwalliya: Kayan kwalliya da mata suke ado da su, sun kasu kashi-kashi. Kowanne kashi ya danganta ne da yadda ake amfani da shi a ɓangarorin jiki. Akwai kayan kwalliya waɗanda ake amfani da su a hannu kamar munduwa da warwaro da sauransu. Haka kuma akwai na wuya, sannan akwai na kunne. Sannan kuma akwai na hanci da sauransu. Waɗannan kayan kwalliya na kowa ne ɓangare na jiki sun haɗa da. Kayan kwalliyar hanci sun haɗa da

Ɗantukwa: Wani dutsi ne mai tsayi wanda ake sawa a hujen hanci ko na kunne.

 

Kayan Kwalliya na kunne (‘Yan kunne) kusan kowace mace tana yin ado da ‘yan kunne. ‘yan kunnen gargajiya ana ƙera su ne da baƙin ƙarfe. Kuma ana sa ɗaya-ɗaya a kowane kunne. “Yan kunnen sun haɗa da

·         Ɗantukwa: Wani dutsi ne mai tsayi wanda ake sawa a hujen hanci ko na kunne.

·         Tsakiya: Tsakiya duwatsu ne jajaye da kuma masu launin makuba. Tsakiya tana da ɗan tsawo da kauri kuma ana shirya su a jikin zare sannan a rataya a wuya domin kwalliya. 

·         Tsadara: Tsadara dutse ne da mata Hausawa suke ado da shi a wuya, wannan dutse yana da jan launi mai kama da tsakuya, amma shi siffarsa kamar ƙwalli yake gewayayye.

 

Kayan kwalliya na hannu (warwaro) kusan ko wace mace tana yin ado da abun hannu na gargajiya domin ƙara fitowa mace. Warwaro na gargajiya ana ƙera shi da kaya masu tsada da duwatsu masu kyau da kuma ƙarfe, waɗannan warwaro sun haɗa da:

1.      Sulluwa

2.      Munduwa

3.      Warwaro (na azurfa, ko tagulla)

4.      Murɗe

Kayan Kwalliya na Wuya: Mata Hausawa suna amfani da abun wuya na gargajiya wanda ake yi da dutsi, ko tagulla, azurfar da sauran su akwai wata abun wuya mai suna: Murjani.

Kayan Kwalliya na hannu: Haka kuma bayan abun hannu (warwaro) akwai wani ado da mata suke yi ma hannunsu, amma a yatsansu. Wannan kwalliya ta yatsa ita ce ake sama yatsa zobe, wanda zoben na iya zama na zinari ko tagwalla, ko azurfa ko ƙarfe.

Kwalliyar Gashin Kai (Kitso):

Kitso yana nufin tubkar gashin kai wanda mata ke yi don ado (CNHNm 2006:247) Alhassan (1982:59) sun ce kitso tufke gashin kan mace da kitse shi domin ƙawata shi domin ado da kuma rage tudun gashi.

 

Kitso wata dabara ce da mata sukan bi wajen tsaftace gashin kansu da na yan uwansu mata, ta hanyar sarrafa shi da tufke shi zuwa fasali daban-daban domin kare shi daga yin tudu. Akwai ire-iren kitso da mata suke yi na gargajiya kamar haka:

1.      Kitso Tukku

2.      Kitso mai kwando

3.      Kitso mai ƙwaƙwalwa

4.      Kitso Kabirin karuwa

5.      Kitso kumbace

6.      Kitso mu-gamu-a tasha

7.      Kitso zobe

8.      Kitso Gammo

9.      Kitson kwar biyu

10.  Kitson ‘yan tani

11.  Kitson Duƙurƙushi

12.  Kitson ‘yan’yan ‘yardada

13.  Kitson soron iya

14.  Kitson mai tauraro.

Kwalliyar Ƙunshi:

Ƙunshi na nufin ɗaurin lalle da mata suke yi a ƙafa ko a hannu don ado (CNHN, 2006:287). Sai kuma Bargery (1934:645) ya bayyana ƙunshi da wani abu da ake yi da lalle wanda kuma ake yin sa a hannu ko ƙafa,, ƙunshi ko lalle abu ne da mata ke yi musamman domin ado da ƙwalliya.

Ana yin ƙunshi a sassan jiki-daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da hannu da ƙafa. Kuma bisa sauyi na sassauyawar sassan jiki.

Ƙunshin Hannu: Mata Hausawa suna amfani da zunguru wajen yin ƙunshi a hannu. Ana samun lalle ne mai laushi a kwaɓa da ruwa a yayyaɓa a hannu, sannan a zuba wani lalle cikin zungurun sai a zura hannu a ciki ana muttsukawa har ya kama, ana iya wuni ko kwana da shi domin ƙunshin ya kama ya yi ja sosai.

Ƙunshin Ƙafa: Ana samun lalle ne mai laushi a kwaɓa da ruwa ayayyaɓa a ƙafa, saii kuma lulluɓe da ganye ko azuba a kan wani ganye mai faɗi; sai a sa a zargagi a ɗaure ƙafa, bayan wani ɗan lokaci sai a kwance shi, amma wani lokaci sai ya kwana idan da daddare aka yi shi. Idan an kwance da wuri sai ya yi ja, amma idan ya kwana ko kuma kafar mai cin lalle ce sai ya yi baƙi- ƙirin.

Kwalliyar Fuska (Shafe-Shafe)

Mata Hausawa sun daɗe suna gudanar da kwalliya ta hanyar shafe-shafe, musamman ta amfani da kayayyakin shafe-shafe na gargajiya, waɗanda suke amfani da su wajen kwalliyar fuska- sun haɗa da:

Hure: Hure shi ne wanda su ke taunawa domin yasa haƙoransu su yi ja dan launin haƙoran ya chanza wannan shi ne kwalliyar da suke yi ma haƙoransu.

Katambiri: Shi ne wanda su ke amfani da shi wajen zane fuskarsu musamman ma kumatu sun a zana shi yadda su ke so domin kwalliyarsu ta ƙara armashi.

Fankeke: Wata abu ce kamar hoda take wannan fankeke itace kaka da kakanni ke amfani da ita wajen kwalliyar fuska, suna shafa ta ne a fuska kamar yadda ‘yan mata ke shafa hoda:

 

Kwalli: Kwalli shi ne wanda ake shafawa a ido wanda a ke amfani da shi tun kaka da kakanni, kuma ake amfani da shi har wannan lokaci namu sai dai kawai ɗan ƙawar da aka samu.

Gazal: Wani abu ne mai kama da kwalli wanda suke amfani da shi wajen kwalliyar gira.

Sannan kuma suna amfani da kwalli ga bakin su, suna shafa shi ga baki kamar yadda muke shafa jan baki.

Kwalliyar Mata ta Zamani

Kwalliyar mata ta zamani kwalliya ce da mata Hausawa suke yi bayan cuɗanya da wasu mutane waɗanda ba Hausawa ba wato wani yare kamarsu Yarbawa, Nufawa da sauransu. Zamani yana nufin haɗuwar mutane masu yare da ban-daban. Haka kuma zamani ana kallon shi ta fuskar zuwan turawa da baki.

Sanadiyyar wannan cuɗanya ya haifar ma mata Hausawa samun wasu abubuwan kwalliya, waɗanda kayan kwalliya sun haɗa da: Kwalliyar tufafi, kwalliyar Riguna, Kwalliyar Mayafi (gyale) kwalliyar Takalma, kwalliyar kyalli da kwalliyar kai (Kitso), kwalliyar hannu- da kafa, (ƙunshi) kwalliyar fuska (shafe-shafe). Zamu dube su daki- daki.

Kwalliyar Tufafi: Kwalliyar jiki a wajen mata Hausawa na nufin tsaftace jiki a kuma ƙarawa da sanya tufafi da wasu ƙyale-ƙyale domin jawo hankalin jama’a tare da nufin ƙara sha’awa a idanun mutane. Haka kuma mata suna da nau’in tufafi na kwalliya daban-daban na asali da kuma baƙi. Sannan kuma kowa ce mace tana da zaɓin irin tufafin da take so ta yi kwalliya da shi, kwalliyar za ta iya kasancewa ta yau da kullum ko kuma ta musamman ce.

 

Kwalliyar tufafi a wajen mata Hausawa, it ace mai kamala sifar mace ta ƙara mata kwarjini da mutunci.  Cuɗanyar Hausawa da wasu al’ummu ko ƙabilu ita ce ta haifar wa Hausawa da wasu baƙin al’adu dangane da kwalliyar tufafi, musamman ma mata.

 

Wannan nau’in kwalliya na tufafi ya samu ne a dalilin sauyi na tattalin arziki da sauyi na ƙere-ƙere da ilimin kimiyya da sauyi na tattalin arziki, suna kawo sauyi a cikin al’adun al’umma, kuma wani lokaci ba tare da saninsu ba. Ire-iren tufafin da mata ke yin kwalliya da su; sun haɗa da.

1.      Ingilanwas

2.      Sufa ingila

3.      Landon was

4.      Nican

5.      Sufa Firint

6.      Batak

7.      Shadda galila

8.      Shadda Salula

9.      Shadda Miro

10.  Shadda Less

11.  Leshi

12.  Atamfa less

13.  Sufa Adra

14.  Aura

15.  Cigan Anko

16.  Karan miski

17.  Mai yamini

18.  Boyal

19.  Wul

20.  Adire

Kwalliyar Riguna: Ita ma kwalliyar riguna an samu wasu kalar riguna waɗanda ake ɗunkawa da waɗanda ake siye ɗunkakku na turawa da Larabawa duk Hausawa suna amfani da su wajen kwalliyar su kamar su

1.      Riga mai hannu

2.      Riga Buba

3.      Riga Tazarce

4.      Riga rafa

5.      Riga Shoki

6.      Rigar Sitela

7.      Rigar Fisis

8.      Riga haf-gawn

9.      Riga zuro hannunka masoyi

10.  Riga ambirela

11.  Rigar Ibilis ya shigo gari

12.  Rigar Jahannama ga fasinja

13.  Rigar mai fish

14.  Riga sitiret gawn

15.  Jallabiya

16.  Rigar Jina

17.  Abaya

18.  Bulawus.

Kwalliyar Mayafi (Gyale): Haka ma zuwan zamani da wasu al’umma ya samar da Gyaluluwa  da dama da mata ke yin kwalliya da su, suna rufe jikinsu; kamar su

1.      Kashka

2.      Fashimila

3.      Buberi

4.      Hajiya da Kanta

5.      A’isha Buhari

6.      Mai Makaroni

Kwalliya: Kayan kwalliya na mata na zamani da suke amfani da su a sassan jiki daban-daban kamar kunne, wuya, hannu, wasu sun samu ne a zamanin wasu kuma tun na gargajiya ne aka gyara ana amfani da su sai dai yan kyale-kyale da aka ƙara masu.

Kwalliyar kunne (‘Yan kunne):  Ko wa ce mace tana yin ado da ‘yan kunne domin kyautata kwalliyarta, domin haka ne ko da yaushe ƙara fito da sababbin ‘yan kunne ake yi domin kullum sabon ya yi ake yi saboda mata sai da kwalliya. Akwai ‘yan kunne masu tsada na zamani akwai kuma masu sauƙi.

 

Haka kuma, a yanzu wasu daga cikin ‘yan mata suna yin huji biyu ko uku, saboda kwalliya, wato bayan wanda a ka yi masu na jarinta, suka ƙara huda wa ni. Masu wannan huden suna jera ‘yan kunne na sama ƙarami na biyu ma haka na farko kuma babba mai kyau.

Ire-iren ‘yan kunnen zamani sun haɗa da:

-          ‘Yan Kunnen zinari

-          ‘Yan Kunnen gwal

-          ‘Yan Kunnen azurfa

-          ‘Yan Kunnen GL

-          ‘Yan Kunnen duwatsu

-          ‘Yan Kunnen Barima.

Kwalliya ta wuya (Sarƙa): Mata suna kwalliyar wuya da sarƙa domin kar wuyan ya tsaya haka nan babu komi. Sannan kuma mata na saka sarƙa ne iri ɗaya da ‘yan kunne domin kwalliyar ta ƙayatar, wani lokaci kuma ana sa su daban-daban, amma kuma sai sun yi shiko kaɗan ne, dan kar kwalliyar tayi ba shawar gani, kayan kwalliyar wuya sun haɗa da:

-          Sarƙar zinari

-          Sarƙar Gwal

-          Sarƙar azurfa

-          Sarƙar duwatsu

Kwalliyar Hannu (Yan Hannu ko warwaro ko abin Hanu): Wasu kayan kwalliya da mata ke amfani da su domin kwalliyar hannu. Yawanci kayan kwalliya na hannu basa da nauyi ne; haka kuma ana samunsu ta sigogi daban-daban, akwai wanda za a sanya guda ɗaya a hannu, wasu kuma biyu wasu kuma da yawa ake sanyasu, akwai nau’o’in abun hannu daban-daban kamar su:

‘Yan Hannu: Wani nau’in kayan kwalliya da hannu da mata ke amfani da shi tun na gargajiya sai dai yan canje-canje da aka masa saboda wayewar zamani; akwai

-          Kuffa

-          Warwaro

Agogo: Shi ma nau’i ne na kayan kwalliya na hannu na zamani da mata ke amfani da shi domin kwalliya, shima kala-kala ne kamar.

-          Agogon kuffa

-          Agogon Na fata

-          Agogon Roba

-          Agogo mai sarƙa

-          Agogon zinari

-          Agogon gwal

-          Agogon Azurfa

-          Agogon duwatsu

Zobe: Wani nau’in kayan kwalliya na hannu da mata ke amfani da shi wajen kwalliya. Zobe wani kewayayyen abu ne da ake yin ƙawa da shi a yatsa ko yatsun hannu don yin kwalliya. Akwai zubba kala-kala da suka haɗa da:

-          Zoben Azurfa

-          Zoben Gwal

-          Zoben Zinari

-          Zoben duwatsu

Kwalliyar Gashin Kai (Kitso): Kitso wata dabara ce da mata sukan bi wajen tsaftace gashin kansu da na ‘yan uwansu mata ta hanyar sarrafa shi da tufke shi zuwa fasali daban-daban domin kare shi daga yin tudu da tunkushewa. Kwalliyar kitso, kwalliya ce da ko wane rukuni na mata suke yi, kuma ana yiwa ko wace mace yarinya har tshohuwa, nau’o’in kitso sun kasu kashi kashi akwai:

Kitson Hannu: Shi ne kitson da ake yi tun kaka da kakanni, wanda ake yi har yanzu ire-iren kitson hannu kamar su:

1.      Kwando

2.      Zane

3.      Shiku

4.      Ibira

5.      Babba cikin ‘yan yara

Kitson Wibin:  Shi ne kitson zamani da mata ke yi domin kwalliya. Ire-iren kitson sun haɗa da:

1.      Kwando

2.      Shiku

3.      Ibira

4.      Shade

5.      Step

6.      2 beby

7.      3 beby

8.      Mai bakin leshi

9.      Mai 7 – 7

10.  Mai Maganin sauro

11.  Mai zigzag

Kitson Gana Wibin: Wani nau’i ne na kitso da mata ke yi domin ƙarin gashi, saboda shi sai anyi ƙari da zare ake yinsa.

Kitson Tuwistin: Kitso ne da mata ke yi da wani zare a haɗa da gashi a riƙa murɗawa sai ya yi kamar makaroni.

Kwalliyar Kai ta gyaran Gashi: Gyaran gashi kwalliya ce ta zamani da mata ke yi domin adon kai wanda suke zuwa ana shafa masu man shanfo ana wanke kai a yi mashi diraya sai ya kwanta luf a tufke shi a barshi haka nan, wannan kwalliya ta gyaran gashi mata na yin sa saboda kansu ya ƙara kyau da kyalli ko da an yi kitso sai ya fito da kyau.

Kwalliyar Hannu da Ƙafa (Ƙunshi): Bargery (1934:645) ya bayyana ƙunshi da wani abu da ake yi da lalle wanda kuma ake yin sa a hannu ko ƙafa. Ƙunshi ko lalle abu ne da mata ke yi musamman domin yin ado da kwalliya. Nau’in ƙunshi biyu:

-          Ƙunshi na gargajiya

-          Ƙunshi na zamani

Ƙunshi na Gargajiya: Ƙunshi ne da aka gada sai dai bashi ake yi yanzu ba, saboda yanzu zamani ya zo an ƙara wayewa da za a gyara wannan ƙunshi. Yanzu ana yin shi da kwalliya kala-kala ba kamar da da ake ya ɓa shi ko ina ba, akwai su da dama amma ga kaɗan daga cikin su

1.      Lalle mai tabarma

2.      Lalle mai gidan suga

3.      Lallen take kwalta

4.      Lallen dungune

5.      Lallen mai lauje

6.      Lalle mai safa

7.      Lallen Sajan

Ƙunshin Zamani (Haidurojin): Wannan lalle na zamani bana gargajiya ba ana yin shi ne da haidurojin, da sajan da kuma dayin, ana yin shi ne zane-zane da fulawowi masu kyau da ma’ana sai shi wannan lalle ba a cika bashi suna ba sai dai kawai a yi shi kala-kala.

Kwalliyar Fuska (Shafe-Shafe): Kwalliyar fusa; kwalliya ce da mata su ke yi ma fuskarsu ta amfani da kayan shafe-shafe daban-daban wajen kwalliyar fuska. Mata suna yi ma ko wane waje na fuskar su kwalliya domin ya fito da kyau. Saboda haka ne ko wane waje na fuska yana da kayan kwalliyarshi waɗanda ake yin kwalliya da su kamar su gira, ido, hanci, baki, fuska, dukkan su suna da kayan kwalliyar su, misali.

Kwalliyar Fuska: Ana shafa ma fuska hoda iri biyu mai ruwa mai da tsohuwa yarinya (foundation Fowder) sai kuma hoda ta gari. Hoda mai ruwa ita ake fara shafawa kafin a shafa ta gari saman ta. Hoda mai ruwa mai da tsohuwa yarinya) kala-kala ce ko wace kalar mace akwai wadda zata shafa ta yi mata kyau, akwai wadda ta baƙar mace ce, akwai kuma ta farar mace kamar su:

1.      Tara

2.      Lara

3.      Mary kay

4.      Kiss beauty

Waɗannan su ne hodoji masu ruwa waɗanda ake shafawa kafin mai gari. - Hoda mai gari hoda ce wadda bata da ruwa a cikin ta ana shafata ne saman mai ruwa ko kuma a shafata haka nan batare da anshafa mai ruwa ba, sunayen kaɗan daga ciki:

1.      Ailin

2.      Tala

3.      Lara

4.      Aloeɓerra

5.      Green Tea

6.      Milani

7.      Black opal

8.      Mark

9.      Fonds

10.  Agenssia

 

Kwalliyar Gira: Ita ma gira ana gyara ta sosai da kayan kwalliya na gira domin ta ƙara kyau da sheki. Sannan kuma ana shebin din girar da reza idan ta na da ya wa dan kwalliyar ta ƙara kyau. Akwai kayan kwalliya ya na gira kala-kala, wato fensir ɗin da ake amfani da shi wajen gira kala-kala ne; misali.

1.      Baƙi

2.      Ruwan anta

3.      Ja mai duhu

4.      Kwalli

5.      Kwansila

Kwalliyar Ido:  Shi ma ido ana yi mashi kwalliya cikin ido da saman ido ana amfani da kayan kwalliya domin a yi masu kwalliya dan su ƙara kyau. Cikin ido ana saka mashi kwalli sannan kuma ana saka mashi baƙin fensir. Sannan gashin ido shima ana shafa ma shi maskara dan ya ƙara tsawo kuma ana saka (eye lashes) ga wanda bai da gashin ido sosai.

-          Sannan Ido: Shi ma ana shafa mashi (eye shadow) kala-kaa wanda (eye shadow) ɗin duk kalan- da kake so akwai a ciki, snanan kuma ana zana fensir saman (eye shadow) ɗin sannan kuma ana saka mascara a saman ido.

-          Kwalliyar Hanci:  Shi ma hanci ana yi mashi kwalliya wanda ake amfani da hodan jan hanci ayi kwalliyar hanci. Ita wannan hoda ta ja hanci hoda ce da ake amfani da ita wajen jan hanci domin ya yi tsawo da tsini dan kwalliyar ta ƙara kyau.

-          Kwalliyar Baki: Baki ma ana yi mashi kwalliya da kayan kwalliya kamar su:

-          Jan Baki: Jan baki kala –kala ne kowace kala akwai sai wanda kake so ka shafa.

-          Fensir: Shi ma fensir kala-kala ne sai wanda kake so zaka shafa saman jan baki.

-          Lips Stick: Shi ma ana shafa ma baki shi yana kama da basilin, wani kuma yana da kyalkyali a cikinsa. Sannan kuma ana shafa ma baki kwalli ayi lanin da shi.

 

4.2 KWALLIYAR MATA ƘANANA 

Kwalliyar mata ƙanana kwalliya ce da ake yiwa yara, yara ƙanana waɗanda basu wuce shekara ɗaya zuwa shekara shidda ba. A wannan lokacin uwa mace ke yiwa yarinyar ta kwalliya sai dai akwai bambamci da kwalliyar yarinya yar shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu saboda idan yarinya tana da shekara ɗaya ko biyu ba komai na kayan kwalliya ake saka mata ba. Idan kuma ta kai shekara uku zuwa shidda ana yi mata kwalliya yadda ya dace.

 

Kwalliyar yara ƙanana ‘yan shekara ɗaya ko biyu, wannan kwalliya ce da uwa kan yi ma yarinyar ta kamar haka:

Idan ta yi mata wanka sai ta yi amfani da kayan kwalliya kamar su: Mai, farar hoda, janfarce, sai kuma farin kwalli, wannan su ne kayan da ake masu kwalliyar fuska, sannan kuma ana saka masu ɗan kunne, ɗan maƙale wanda bai da nauyu sai kayan turawa, sai takalmi marar nauyi.

 

Sai kuma kwalliyar yara ƙanana ‘yan shekara uku zuwa shida, suma dai uwa keyi masu kwalliya sai dai kwalliyar tasu tana da bambanci da ta yara yan shekara biyu ko ɗaya, saboda su fatarsu ta fara ƙarfi ana iya masu kwalliya da wasu kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliyarsu sun haɗa da; Mai, jar hoda, gazal, jan baki, kwalli, sannan kuma ana iya sakamasu yan kunnen fashion masu tsawo da sarƙa saɓanin su. Sannan kuma ana saka masu atamfa, lesi, shadda da sauran kayan da manya zasu iya sakawa. Sannan kuma ana yi masu kitso kala-kala da ƙunshi kala-kala.

 

Haka kuma akwai bambanci tsakanin kwalliyar yara ‘yan shekara bakwai zuwa sha uku da kwalliyar yara yan shekara uku zuwa shida, saboda su da kansu suke yin kwalliyar su, sai dai basu iya ba, amma suna kwalliya da komai na kayan kwalliya kamar su, Jar hoda, eye shadow, kwalli, eye-pensir, jan baki, foundation, mascara, kwansila da sauransu, sannan kuma suna saka ko waɗanne kaya na hausawa da waɗanda bana hausawa ba, kuma suna saka ko wane takalmi da suke so mai tudu ko mai tsini ko ma maras shi, sannan kuma suna saka gyale ko hijabi domin rufe jikinsu. Wannan ita ce kwalliyar da yara ƙanana suke yi domin su ƙara fitowa mata.

 

4.3 KWALLIYAR ‘YAN MATA

Kwalliyar ‘yan mata kwalliya ce da ‘yan mata masu shekara 14 har zuwa ashirin da suke yi na rayuwar su ta yau da kullum. Wannan kwalliya ta sha bamban da ta yara mata ƙanana, saboda ‘yan mata suna iya amfani da kowane nau’i na kayan kwalliya da ake amfani da su wajen kwalliya ‘yan mata kala-kala ne haka kwalliyarsu ma kala-kala ce, saboda wasu sun fi wasu wayewa.

 

Ko wane kitso ya fito wajen ‘yan mata ake fara gani. Haka kuma ko wane ɗunki ya fito wajen ‘yan mata ake fara ganinshi, sannan kuma kowane lalle ya fito wajen su ake fara gani. Kwalliyar ‘yan mata, kwalliya ce da ‘yan mata ke yi wajen wannan kwalliya suna amfani da kayan kwalliya gaba ɗaya, sannan kuma suna amfani da kayan kwalliya irinsu sarƙa da ‘yan kunne, da agogo. Haka kuma suna kitso da lalle wajen kwalliyarsu ta yau da kullum.

 

Yan mata kala-kala ne, kwalliyarsu ma kala-kala ce wasu suna kwalliya batare da wanka ba, wato (acuci gara), ita ce kwalliyar da ake yi batare da wanka ba, sai ayi tsaka tsami.

 

Wasu ‘yan mata suna kwalliya kamar ba ‘ya’ya musulmi ba sai su yi kwalliyar da bazaka ce musulmai ne ba. Haka kuma wasu ‘yan mata suna kwalliyar ƙasaita, idan ka ganta kasan ta amsa sunan ta wato babbar yarinya za ta yi kwalliyar da ba duk mace ba. Har wa yau wasu ‘yan mata suna kwalliya wadda basai sun yi ma fuskarsu kwalliya da kayan kwalliya ba, sai dai su kwalliya da kayan kyalli da ƙunshi da kitso kuma su fito acan – acan kuma kana ganinsu kasan sun yi kwalliya. Wannan it ace kwalliyar da ‘yan mata kan yi yau da kullum.

 

4.4 KWALLIYAR ZAWARAWA 

Kwalliyar zawarawa kwalliya ce da mata waɗanda su kayi aure suka fito daga ɗakin mazajensu, waɗannan mata kwalliyar su tasha bamban da ta sauran mata, saboda su na yin kwalliya mai jan hankali domin su samu wani bazawari.

 

A wajen wannan kwalliya suna amfani da kayan shafe-shafe kamar su (Foundation Powder) (Powder) gazal, mascara, (eye shodow), (eye laner) kwalli da kuma janbaki, sannan kuma suna amfani da kayan kwalliya wajen kwalliyarsu kamar su yan kunne, sarƙa, zobe, dan hannu, agogo, yan kunnen hanci sannan kuma suna ƙunshin haidurojin da sajen da dayis da kuma lallen gargajiya, sannan kuma suna saka kaya kamar shadda, leshi, atamfa, jallabiyar after dress da kuma (material), haka kuma suna kitso mai jan hankali, sannan kuma wasun su suna saka gyale wasu kuma suna saka hijabi.

 

Wata Bazawara, idan kaganta tayi kwalliya ta haɗa tumach wato da kayan da-takalmi da sarƙa da ‘yan kunne da gyale duk kala ɗaya, tana tafiya ɗaya bayan ɗaya, wato tana taunar cingam wata kuma bata tauna idan kaganta sai kayi tunanen wajen zaɓen sarauniyar kyau zata.

 

Wata kuma za ta yi kwalliyarta yadda yadace ta sa kayanta na mutunci ta haɗa (Turmach) da kayan ta da hijab da takalmi da abun hannu da lallenta ta na tafiya cikin natsuwa. Ita bazawara ako da yaushe cikin kwalliya take ko ba mai yawa ba ce kwalliyar, amma kam kullum da kwalliyar ta zaka ganta acan-acan da ita.

4.5 KWALLIYAR MATAN AURE

Kwalliyar matan aure kwalliya ce da matan aure keyi wato mata waɗanda suke gidan mazajensu. Matan aure sun fi kowace mace yin kwalliya, saboda ita matar aure ako da yaushe tana ƙoƙarin ta yi kwalliya mai kyau dan gudun kar mijinta ya fita yaga wadda ta yi kwalliyar da tafi ta ta har ta burgeshi. Matan aure suna amfani da kowane kayan kwallya da ‘yan mata da zawarawa suke amfani da su wajen kwalliya har ma nasu sunfii na ‘yan mata da zawarawa saboda su suna amfani da kananan kayan turawa. Amma kuma kwalliyar matan aure kala-kala ce. Misali

 

Akwai matan auren da suke saka katuwar hijab da niƙab da safa, amma kuma sunyi kwalliya a ciki sai dai basu fito da ita wajeba. Sannan kuma akwai matan auren da suna kwalliya da komi na kwalliya amma suna saka hijab banda niƙab, da safa wanda zaka iya ganin kwalliyarsu ta fuska da ƙunshinsu.

 

Haka kuma akwai matan auren da suke kwalliya tamkar ‘yan mata wato zasu yi kwalliya a fuskarsu sosai, su yi ƙunshi su yi kitso su haɗa tumach su ɗauko ɗan ƙaramin gyale su yafa suyi ɗaurin nan ture kaga tsiya su ɗauki jaka da (key) na mota. Har way au akwai mata masu saka jaka biyu su kulle ko ina na jikinsu su saka gyale mai girma su yi rolin ɗin kansu su fita.

Akwai kuma kwalliyar matan aure ta gida wasu matan auren idan ka iske su a gida zaka iske su kamar matan turawa, wasu kuma kamar Larabawa, ya danganta da kalar kwalliyar kowace.

 

4.6 KAMMALAWA

A wannan babi na huɗu, an yi bayani a kan kwalliyar matan Gusau inda aka yi bayanin kwalliyar gargajiya ta kwalliyar zamani, sannan kuma aka yi bayanin kwalliyar yara mata ƙanana da ‘yan mata da zawarawa da matan aure sai kuma kammalawa daga ƙarshe.