Kirarin Fitattun Wasu Garuruwan Zamfara Jiya Da Yau (3)

    Kundin Binciken Neman Digirin Farko (B.A Hausa) Wanda Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.

    Kirarin Fitattun Wasu Garuruwan Zamfara Jiya Da Yau (3)

    Na

    BILYA UMAR

    Zamfara

    BABI NA BIYU

    KIRARI DA ASALINSA

    2.0 SHINFIÆŠA

    A wannan babi anyi tsokaci ne akan ma’anar kirar da asalinsa, wanda ya Æ™unshi bayani game da yadda masana da É—alibai suka duba shi ta fuskoki daban-daban suka kuma bashi ma’ana gwargwadon fahimtarsu. Kazalika an bayar da haske game da yadda kashe-kashen ya gudana tsakanin  masana.

    2.1 MA’ANAR KIRARI

    Masana da masu bincike akan harshen Hausa sun bada ma’anar kirari dangane da yadda ya shafi Hausawa ko yanayin cuÉ—anya da shi.

     A wannan bincike an lalleÆ™o wasu daga cikin waÉ—annan ma’anoni, aka zo da su domin akalli kirari.

    A faÉ—ar G. P Bargery yana cewa “Kirari waÉ—ansu irin maganganu ne da ake wa sarakuna ko muhimman mutane, ta hanyar kambamawa”.

    Ibrahim Muhammad cewa yayi, “Kirari irin wasa da kalmomin hikima ne kalmomin cicciÉ“awa da ake yiwa wani mutum don a kambama shi ko wani abu don a fito da kyawonsa ko armashinsa ga idon jama’.

    AbdulÆ™adir ÆŠangambo ya ce: “Kirari waÉ—ansu kalmomi ne na zuga ko yabon kai cikin hikima.

    Kafin Hausa ma’anar da yake gani ta dace da kirari ita ce: “Kirari shi ne waÉ—ansu maganganu ne masu tsari da ake  faÉ—arsu ana karya murya, awsu lokuta, don a kambama mutum ko wani abu ko mutum ya yi don ya kambama kansa. MaÆ™asudin yin sa shi ne zuga da yabo amma wani lokaci ya kan zamo muzantawa.

    Zarruk da Habibu Alhassan sun faÉ—i cewa “A cikin adabin Hausa kirari nau’i ne na fasahar shirya taÆ™aitaccen kwatance wanda ya Æ™unshi bayanin abubuwa ko halaye ko al’amurra.

    Ibrahim Malunfashi cewa ya yi “Kirari magan ce da aka tsara mai É—an tsawo don a kambama wani ko kuma wasu”.

    Shi kuma S. M Gusau cewa ya yi  a taÆ™aice, ma’anar kirari ita ce: “KuÉ—a da kirari acikin hikima da ishara da isar baka da ruruwa da razanarwa da ruba da azanci magana da alfaharin mai sana da (samar da) ruhin adabi da rumbum tara shi da ingancin saÆ™o da isar da shi, ko taka, ko zuga. Kuma a kan yi nuni da hannunka mai sanda.

    HaÆ™iÆ™a, waÉ—annan ma’anoni sun fito da kirari sarari kuma suna nuna cewa, kirari wasu maganganu ne na hikima da azanci da balaga da ake shiryawa don yin kwatance ko kamance.

    2.2 ASALIN KIRARI

    Kirari na É—aya daga cikin daÉ—aÉ—É—en adabin da ya daÉ—e cikin adabin bakan Hausawa. Abu ne mai wuya a yanke hukunci ko yaÆ™inin iyakance Hausawa suka fara yin sa domin har yanzu bana sami tabbataccen lokaci ko shekarar da Bahaushe ya fara magana da harshen Hausa ba. Tun can asali rayuwar É—an Adam ciketake da yin kirari a koda yaushe. Mutum mai son zuga da yabawa ne a lokacin da yayi wani abi na bajinta don waÉ—anda ba su sani ba su sani. Sannan kuma idan wani abu ya burge mutum ko ya yi mamaki, ba abun da zai yi sai ya kece da yi masa kirari yana  mai yabawa kansa.

    Idan aka waiwayi lokacin da kirari ya fara haÉ“aka a wajen Bahaushe za a ga cewa ya faro ne tun lokacin da idan aka tafi yaÆ™i a kan sami wasu mutane su riÆ™a yiwa jarumawa da dakaru kirari idan kuma an dawo gida bayan cin nasarar yaÆ™i, shi ma a kan yi wa waÉ—anda suka yio bajinta kirari don a gayawa waÉ—anda ba su halarta irin gwagwarmayar da suka yi da jaruntakar da suka nuna. A wani gefe kuma ana É—aukaka darajar waÉ—annan jarumai ne a idon ‘yan uwan su, ana daÉ—a kwarzantasu cikin nuna yabawa kuma ana jin cew daga wannan yanayi ne makaÉ—a da mawaÆ™a suka samo tushen tsarma kirari a cikin waÆ™oÆ™in su.

    Daga baya, sai kirari ya É—auki duk wani wanda ya yi aikin bajinta kowane iri ne. Sai an yabe shi ta hanyar zuga shi da kiÉ—a shi.

    2.3 MUHALLIN KIRARI

    Bisa yawanci, a cikin rayuwar Hausawa an fi aiwatar da kirari alokacin tarukkan É—aurin  aure ko naÉ—in sarauta da sauran bukukuwan al’ada ko yayin  da ake karfi ko jaruntaka, kamar farauta ko noma ko damla ko kakawa lokacin wani aikin gayya ko lokacin da aka aza wani wasan kiÉ—a da dai makamantan su. A dunÆ™ule dai an fi yin kirari a wajen bukukuwa da wasanni da bushasha da fagen ayyukan jaruntaka. Da gani kaika san wani aiki sai na kirari.

    2.4 RABE – RABEN KIRARI

    An rarraba kirari zuwa sassa daban-daban ba abu ne mai sauÆ™in yi ba, domin duk ta inda É—alibi ko malami ya tinkari al’amarin zai iske hanyoyin rabon daban ne da na wasu.

    Idan mai nazari ya so yakan iya rabon kirari ta fuskar da aka haifar da shi ya karkasa shi zuwa, kirarin  Æ™alu-bale da kirarin raha ko sheÆ™e aya ko kirarin mamaki da sauransu.

    In kuma an so a rarraba kirari dangane da yanayin saÆ™o da ke cikinsa ne,  ana iya cewa akwai kirarin gargaÉ—i,  da nasiha da tsawatarwa, akwai kirarin yabo da zuga, da kirarin bayyana al’ajabi ko mamaki. Akwai kuma wanda zai fi son rarraba kirari gida-gida dangane da fannonin da suka dace, wato ya raba ya ce ga na adabi ga na al’adun gargajiya, ga na kimiya d.s.

    Zarruk da Habibu Al-Hassan sun karkasa kirari ta yanayin saÆ™o shi ne tafarkin da suka zaÉ“a wajen karkasa kirari. Kuma ba’ayi da’awar wannan hanyar tafi kowace cika ko inganci ko kyau ba.

    An dai zaɓe ta ne, don ana zaton zata fi karɓar littafin da ƙoƙarin gabatarwa, wato kirarin duniya.

    S. M Gusau, a takardar da ya gabatar ya zaÉ“i a karkasa kirari zuwa kashi biyu manya dangane da yadda ake yin sa da mai yinsa kamar haka: kirarin kai da kirarin wani. Dangane da la’akari da yadda masana suka rarraba kirari zamu ga cewa, kirarin gargaÉ—i da kirarin yabo da zuga, da kirarin bayyana al’ajabi duk ana samun su a cikin kirarin kai da kirarin wani.

    A wannan kundin an zaɓi a karkasa kirari zuwa gida biyu manya dangane da yadda ake yinsa da kuma ta lura da mai yinsa, da kuma lura da saƙonnin da ke cikin kowane kashi.

    2.4.1 KIRARIN KAI

    Kirarin kai, shi ne wand a mutum zai ta shi bainar jama’a  fagen wasa, bayan ya sha kiÉ—a sosai ya yiwa kansa yabo da zuga ta  faÉ—ar wasu kalmomi na fifitawa ko gajiyawa wasu a kansa. Misali ‘yan tauri, a lokacin kiÉ—an gangi ko na farauta, ko ‘yan dambe ko iyam kokuwa ko lokacin kiÉ—an noma.

    Masu yin irin  wannan kirarin wasa kai sune magori da É—an ma’abba ko babambaÉ—e da masu shirya maganganun hikima da sauran mutane da sukan shiryawa kansu kirari, domin su koÉ—a kansu da kansu.

    Yanzu zamu bada misalan kirarin kai tare da saÆ™onnin da ya ke isarwa kamar gargaÉ—i, yabo da zuga, da bayyana al’ajabi.

    2.4.2 KIRARIN KAI NA GARGAÆŠI

    Irin kirarin da ake son ayi bayani a nan shi ne, irin kirarin da ke yima mutum  hannunka mai sanda, don a kiyaye wani mutum, ko kuma a san yadda za’a fuskanci wani lamari. Alal misali ga yadda wani mawaÆ™i yake yiwa uban gidan nasa gargaÉ—i kamar haka:

    “Su wane ‘yan taurin kai an Æ™i jin maganata

    Kubar ganin ƙanƙanta, allura ƙarfe ce!

    Kowa ya raina gajere bai taka kunama ba!”

    Dubi wani misali yadda Sani Sabulu yake kirarin gargaÉ—i yana yima kansa kamar haka:

    “Sani Sabulu, Sani Mamman,

    Reza nike mai kaihin baki,

    Kowa ya hau ni karkace ya taɓe,

    Kahin ya farga rai nai ya É“aci,

    Kama min ya Allah ya Zul jalali wal ikrami”

    (Sani Sabulu: waƙar Dadiro)

    2.4.3 KIRARIN KAI NA YABO DA ZUGA

    Wannan wani kashi ne na kirarin kai shi ne irin kirarin da mutum ke yabon kansa ko ya zuga kansa misali idan É—an dambe ya sha kalangu  ko ganga, ko É—an tauri ya sha ganga ko talle, ko manomi ya sha ganga sai ya ware hannu ya kwara ihu yana faÉ—in:

    Sai ni miskili na malam Idi

    ÆŠa na gudu garana faÉ—i,

    Ko na faÉ—i nafi yaro suna,

    Haka nake kura mai rida daga zaune.

    Dubi yadda mmman shata ke yiwa kansa kirarin yabo kamar haka:

    Kowar rasa Shata ya yi asarra waƙa,

    Kowar rasa ni bai sha waƙa ba,

    Kowa ne na ko kuma É—an uwa,

    Allah kau!

    (Shata: Bakandamiya)

    2.4.4 KIRARIN KAI NA BAYYANA AL’AJABI

    Abayan kiran  da ke cikin wannan kashin sunansa ya amsa. Kirari ne wanda  mutane kanyi in wani abu ya burge su, ko ya gagare su, ko ya basu mamaki. Alal misali ga wani kirarin al’ajabi: -

    Sai ni duuna, baran Sarki,

    Nii marga margan duutse,

    Wanda yaa fi gaban tuurewa,

    Nine da’u fataken dare, da rana nike barci,

    Mai nema na a daji, ya same ni cikin É—akinsa,

    Mai sona gabas, ya same ni a yamma,

    Nazo na yi abiinda na yi zan tafi.

    2.4.5 KIRARIN WANI

    Kirarin wani shi ne inda wani mutum zai yabi wani mutum ta amfani da kalmomin kambamawa ko cicciÉ“awa don ya zuga shi ko ya tsima shi ko ya É—aukaka darajarsa . Sau da yawa yin wannan  kirarin yakan Æ™unshi siffantawa ko kamanta wani mutum ko wata dabba ko wani wuri ko wani abu da wani.

    A wannan kundin na karkasa kirari zuwa gida biyu wato kirarin kai da kirarin wani, wanda zamu yi bayaninsa da bada misalansa ta la’akari da saÆ™wannin da yake isarwa ga mutane, kamar gargaÉ—i, yabo, da zuga, da bayyana al’ajabi.

    2.4.6 KIRARIN WANI NA GARGAÆŠI

    Wannan kirari ne da wani zai yima wani domin ya yi wa wasu mutane hannunka mai sanda don a kiyaye wannan mutum ko kuma a san yadda za a fuskanci wani lamari.

    Alal misali, dubi yadda Muhammadu Bawa É—an Anace ya ke wa ‘yan dambe gargaÉ—i na cewa su yi hankali da shago kamar haka:

    “Yaro gafarakka ga sababi nan,

    In ka ƙiya aradu ta kamma,

    Halan baka san halin ƙenan sahabi ba,

    Sannu da É—ibas sheÉ—a,

    Mutuwa kin daÉ—e kina kashe bayi”

    Misalin kirarin gargaÉ—i na biyu shi ne kirarin duniya

    “Duniya matsugunna,

    Kowa yace ga wurin zama a bar shi ya zauna”

    2.4.7 KIRARIN WANI NA YABO DA ZUGA

    Kirarin yabo da zuga, wannan nau’in kirari ne da ake yi wa wani mutum domin a nuna bajintarsa ko a zuga shi.

    Dubi waƙar Hasssan magajin rafi, za a ji inda ya yi ta mai maita wannan kirarin Sarkkin Gobir na isa

    “Ahmadu É—an giwa ya wuce gudu,

    Ko can na sani gudu sai yara”

    Ko kuma kirarin da Shata ya yiwa Alhaji Muhammadu Bashir Sarkin Daura a waÆ™arsa mai suna: kwana lafiya mai Daura” in da yake cewa:

    Ruwan zafi Bashar É—an Umaru,

    Baka da gefe gwarzon Musa”

    2.4.8 KIRARIN WANI NA BAYYANA AL’AJABI

    Wannan kirari ne wanda mutane kan yi idan wani abu ya burgesu, ko ya gagaresu, ko ya basu mamaki. Duba misalin mutanen da suka gagara a tarihi da irin wannan kirarin ake yi musu ;aÆ™abi ana dai jin sunna Nagwamatse dodon Gwaro, ko Yakubu bajimin Baushi. LaÆ™abin anna na dodon Gwari da bajimin  Baushi, duka kirairi ne na al’ajabi. Misali:

    “Duniya yara wahalaje” inji É—an fulani da ya yi kwaÉ—o da nagge!.

    Kirarin duniya al’ajabi

    Dubi wani kirarin al’ajabi da sarkimn Kotso Abdurrahman yake wa Sarki Muhammadu Sanusi kirari kamar haka:

    “Giwa mai karya itace,

    Gwamki mai cinye maharba,

    Rani mai kada guzame,

    Bacci mai taushe mutane,

    (S. Kotso: Kirarin Sarki Sanusi)

    WaÉ—annan sune misalan da aka kawo na kirarin da akewa wani, kamar  yadda aka ga aka yi bayaninsu.

    2.5 NAÆŠEWA

    Idan akyi la’akari da irin waÉ—annan nau’o’in kirari da aka kawo waÉ—anda suka haÉ—a da kirarin wani na yabo da zuga da kirarin wani na baiyyanar al’ajabi da kuma kirarin wani da dai matara kama da hakan.

    An kawo waÉ—annan misalai ne ga wanda zaiyi bincike ko mai sha’awar nazari akan abinda ya shafi kirari ya san ina aka dosa. Da fatan Allah ya sawa wannan bincike da aka gabatar Æ™warjini.

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    HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.