Kundin Binciken Neman Digirin Farko (B.A Hausa) Wanda Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.
Sarautar Fawa
A Garin Gusau (5)
NAABDULRASHID S. PAWA
Phone Number: 08132326047
Email: abdulrashidspawa@gmail.com
BABI NA HUƊU
SARAUTAR FAWA
A GARIN GUSAU
4.0 GABATARWA
“Matsi shi kesa
kalangu Zaƙi”
Wannan babi
zai yi magana ne a kan wasu muhimman abubuwa da suka ƙunshi
sarautar fawa, da suka haɗa da taƙaitaccen
tarihin sarautar fawa a garin Gusau da ma’ana sarautar Fawa. Haka kuma wannan
babi zai yi magana da kuma wasu sarautun da ke ƙarƙashin
sarautar fawa da masu tsarin sarautar fawa da kuma hanyoyin da ake bi wajen zaɓen Sarkin
Fawa da masu zaɓen Sarkin
Fawa tare da gudummawar da sarautar fawa ke bayarwa da kuma magungunan da
sarautar fawa ke samarwa.
Haka kuma
wannan babi zai yi magana a kan shugabancin Sarkin Fawa. Wannan babi zai yi
magana a kan al’adun sarautar fawa da kuma ire-iren al’adun sarautar fawa. Daga
ƙarshe wannan babi zai yi magana a kan Makaɗan Fawa da
jerin sunayen sarakunan fawa a garin Gusau.
4.1 TAƘAITACCEN
TARIHIN SARAUTAR FAWA A GARIN GUSAU
An fara
gudanar da sana’ar fawa tun bayan kafuwar garin Gusau a shekara ta (1811). Babu
wanda zai bugi gaba ya ce ga adadin sarakunan fawa da aka yi tun bayan kafuwar
garin, sai dai za a iya kawo kaɗan daga cikinsu waɗanda aka
sani, kuma a ka samu tarihinsu.
Garin Gusau,
gari ne da yake da tarin sana’o’in gargajiya daban-daban, mutanen garin sun
shahara a kan sana’o’in da suke yi da suka haɗa da Noma, Ƙira,
Fawa Wanzanci da kuma Su (kamun kifi), da sauransu.
Kasancewar
duk sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau Fulani ne, amma duk da haka suna da
kyakkyawar fahimta tsakanin su da mahauta hakan ma yasa ga sarki Bahillace,
amma sai ya jawo mahauci ya naɗa shi Sarkin Fawa shugaban mahauta.
Kamar yadda
tarihi ya nuna Sarkin Fawa Ummaru wanda aka fi sani da Sarkin Fawa Tsoho, shi
ne Sarkin Fawa na farko a garin Gusau wanda aka samu tarihin shi ya kasance
babban mahauci ne, kuma ya yi ma sarakuna hidima daidai gwargado, a shekara ta
(1935). Daga baya ya sauka bisa dalilai mabambanta. Dalili na farko an ce ya
sauka ne saboda wahalhalun hidimar da ake ma sarakuna baƙi waɗanda suke
zuwa daga Sakkwato, ya ce shi ba zai iya ba ya sauka. Dalili na biyu ance ya ce
yana son ya koma gida (daji) domin ya ci gaba da noma da kuma kiyo.
Bayan Sarkin
Fawa Ummaru ya sauka sai aka naɗa Sarkin Fawa Muhammadu Mande Ɗan
Arba a shekara ta (1940). Sarkin Fawa Muhammadu Mande Ɗan Arba
babban mahauci ne mai tarin garken shanu da bisashe an ce a zamanin shi ya yi
ma sarakuna hidima kuma mutum ne mai yawan alheri mai yawan kyauta da son dangi
da kuma yakana. Bayan ya tsufa kwarai sai ya bayar da sarautar ga babban ɗan shi Muhammadu
Ala a shekara ta (1945).
Sarkin Fawa
Muhammadu Ala ya hau sarautar fawa a shekara ta (1945), mutun ne wanda baya da
kwaramniya, amma bai daɗe kan sarautar fawa ba ya rasu a shekara ta
(1955) sai aka naɗa ƙaninshi
Alhaji Ibrhim Shago.
Sarkin Fawa Alhaji
Ibrahim wanda aka fi sani da Shago ya hau sarautar fawa a shekara ta (1955).
Kuma an ce “a zamaninshi ya yi ma sarakuna hidima fiye da tunani, kuma mutun ne
mai kyauta da, kuma son taimakawa al’umma. Mutane da yawa a garin Gusau sun
amfana da dukiyar shi wasu ma har suna cewa shi wai ko dai Sardaunan Sakkwato
Sir Ahmadu Bello ya ba shi mazubin kuɗin shi ne, domin
ganin irin kyakkyawar alaƙar da ke
tsakanin su, domin idan Sardauna ya zo garin Gusau ba ya sauka ko ina sai gidan
Sarkin Fawa Alhaji Ibrahim Shago. Sarkin Fawa Alhaji Ibrahim Shago, ya rasu a
shekara ta (1973).
Bayan ya rasu
sai aka naɗa ƙaninshi
Alhaji Abdullahi Bawa a shekara ta (1973). Sarkin Fawa Alhaji Abdullahi Bawa an
ce “a zamanin shi ya yi ma addinin musulunci hidima kuma ya taimaki al’umma da
dukiyar shi, mutun ne mai son gaskiya da riƙon amana,
amma bai jima ba akan sarautar sai ya ba ƙaninshi
Alhaji Shehu Malami a shekara ta (1973).
Sarkin Fawa
Alhaji Shehu Malami ya hau sarautar fawa a shekara ta (1973), ya yi ma sarakuna
hidima, kuma an ce a zamanin shi ne a ka samu sauyi da kuma canje-canje da naɗa wasu
sarautu na fawa da suka haɗa da Wakilin Fawa, Ajiyan Fawa Sarkin
Zango da sauransu.
Sarkin Fawa
Alhaji Shehu Malami, mutun ne mai tausayi da taimakon al’umma, kuma shi ne
Sarkin Fawa da ya fi kowane Sarkin Fawa daɗe a kan
sarautar fawa a garin Gusau a tarihin da aka samu kuma aka sani, kuma har yanzu
shi ke kan sarautar fawa ta garin Gusau, Allah ya ƙara mashi
lafiya da tsawon rai, amin.
____________________
An samu waɗannan bayanan
ne a wajen mutane da a ka tattauna da su a kan tarihin sarautar fawa a garin
Gusau, mutanen sun haɗa da:
1. Sarkin Fawa
Alhaji Shehu Malamai 22/9/2019
2. Wakilin Fawa
Mustafa Ɗandada 30/9/2019
3. Ajiyan Fawa
Alhaji Sani Yaba 01/10/2019
4. Bello Ɗan
Sarkin Fawa Ummaru Tsoho 05/04/2019
5. Alhaji Hassan
Sarkin Fawa Ibrahim 30/06/2019
4.2 MA’ANAR
SARAUTAR FAWA
“Ko da damina
Fawa tafi noma Raggo”
Sarautar Fawa
dai tana nufin mulki ko iko, wato ko kuma ɗaukar nauyin
jagorancin al’umma wato mahauta ko rundawa da ta haɗa da yi masu
shugabanci ta hanyar tsara hanyoyin kiyaye lafiyarsu da ta dukiyarsu, da shirya
musu ƙa’idojin zaman tare ta fuskar shari’a da
gudanar da hulɗa a tsakanin
mahauta ko rundawa da sauran al’umma masu wasu sana’o’i na gargajiya.
Wanda yake
yin sarauta shi ne sarki, kuma shugaba ne ga al’ummar da yake yiwa shugabanci,
don haka za suyi mashi biyayya kuma suna bin umurnin shi tare da kiyaye dokoki
da ƙa’idoji tare da tsarin da ya ɗaura su a
kai, domin samun ci gaba a rayuwa.
Sarautar Fawa
kamar sauran sarautun gargajiya take, kuma sarauta ce mai matuƙar
muhimmanci ga rayuwar al’umma, sarautar Fawa jagoranci ce ko shugabanci ne na
duk wani mahauci ko mahauta da yake gudanar da harkar sana’ar fawa. Duk wani
Barundaye yana yin biyayya ga Sarkin Fawa wato shugaban mahauta, wanda ke masu
jagoranci ko ya shugabancesu wajen gudanar da harkokin fawa.
Haka kuma
sarautar da ta fi kowace muhimmanci a cikin sana’ar fawa ita ce Sarkin Fawa,
wannan sarauta ana samunta ta hanyar gado, abun nufi a nan shi ne ba ko wane
mahauci ke zama Sarkin Fawa ba, sai wanda yake mahaifinshi ko kakanshi ya taɓa yi, bayan
an naɗa shi ya zama
sarki wato sarkin mahauta, to duk sauran mahautan za su mara mashi baya, kuma
su zama masu bin umurninshi ga duk wani abu da ya buƙaci su yi, za
su yi shi cikin ladabi da biyayya da girmamawa da kuma darajjawa a matsayin shi
na Sarkin Fawa shugaban mahauta.
Akwai
hujjojin adabi a kan sarautar fawa daga cikin su akwai.
Karin Magana:
Wata
babbar taskar adabi ce ta adana muhimman abubuwa da suka ƙunshi fasahar
ɗan’adam daga
cikin karuruwan magana a kan sarautar fawa da kuma sana’ar fawa sun haɗa da:
1. Daga ganin
Sarkin Fawa sai miya tayi zaƙi
2. Fawa ta
gagari ‘yan fawa bare ‘yan fince
3. Saniya ko ta
lalace ta ɗau ƙahonta
4. Sarkin Fawa
rikici gado, ka sawo bashi ka sayar bashi
5. An ce da
akuya Sarkin Fawa ya mutu, ta ce “Oho ya mutu da wuƙar yanka ne?”
6. Abun kunya
nama na jan Kare
7. Abun mamaki
Kare da tallar tsire
8. Abin duniya
mene ne? Sarkin Fawa da kyautar ƙaho
9. Ko da damina fawa
tafi noman raggo
10. Mun ƙoshi
da nama, warinsa muke ji
Haka kuma
akwai wata hujjar adabi a kan sarautar Fawa da ta haɗa da waƙar
Dokta Mamman Shata Katsina – Ta Idi Natajo mai Saniya, Inda yake cewa:
Gindi: Idi Natajo mai Saniya.
Jagora: Idi Natajo mai Saniya.
Y/Amshi: Idi Natajo mai Saniya.
Jagora: Mahautan nan masu yanka Awaki.
: Wuce
waɗannan, Natajo
ba naka ba,
: Irin
mahautan nan masu yanka Tumaki,
: Wuce
waɗannan Natajo
ba naka ba,
: Kamar
mahautan nan masu fawa hanji,
: Wuce
waɗannan Natajo
ba naka ba,
: Su
na yanka ƙanana Shanun Kurmi,
: Idi
Natajo ba naka ba,
: Bari
sai dai ƙasar Gabas ta danno,
: Daɗa Idi Natajo
ga naka nan.
4.2.1
SARAUTUN DAKE ƘARƘASHIN
SARAUTAR FAWA
“Hannu ɗaya bai ɗaukar jimka”
Akwai
sarautun da Sarkin Fawa ke bayarwa ga wasu mutane, domin su taimaka mashi a kan
harkokin gudanar da sha’anin sarautar Fawa da kuma ita kanta sana’ar fawa ɗin, daga
cikin sarautun da ke ƙarƙashin
sarautar fawa sun haɗa da:
Wakilin Fawa:
Sarauta
ce ta wakilcin wasu harkoki sarautar fawa da kuma sana’ar fawa, Wakilin Fawa
shi ne mai wakiltar Sarkin Fawa ga duk wani sha’ani da ya shafi sarautar fawa
da kuma sana’ar fawa a lokacin da Sarkin Fawa baya nan, ko ayyuka sun mashi
yawa, ko kuma baya da lokaci, to sai ya tura Wakilin Fawa domin ya wakilce shi.
Sarautar Wakilin Fawa a garin Gusau babbar sarauta ce a masarautar Sarkin Fawa,
matsayin shi kamar Sarkin fawa ne, domin shi ke zama a kan kujerar Sarautar
fawa idan Sarkin Fawa baya nan, kuma yana da dammar gudanar da harkokin
masarautar fawa da kuma sana’ar fawa, ita wannan sarauta Sarkin Fawa ne ke
bayar da ita. Akwai Wakilan Fawa da aka yi a garin Gusau da suka haɗa da:
1. Wakilin Fawa Ɗangiwa
(1965
– 1980)
2. Wakilin Fawa
Ambaya (1980
– 2001)
3. Wakilin Fawa
Mustafa Ɗandada (2001
– Date)
Ajiyan Fawa: Sarauta ce
da take cikin jerin Sarautun Fawa, masarautar Sarkin Fawa ita take da Ajiyan
Fawa, Sarautar Ajiyan Fawa tana da tarihi aikin Ajiyan Fawa kamar ma’aji ne a
masarautar Sarkin Fawa, Ajiyan Fawa shine mai aje duk wasu bisashe kamar
tumaki, raguna, awaki, shanu da kuma raƙuma a ƙarƙashin
masarautar Ajiyan Fawa a je su tun daga waɗanda suka ɓata ba a san
ma su su ba, har ma da na masarautar fawa, Ajiyan Fawa shi ne mai kula da
wannan lamari. Haka kuma duk wasu kuɗi da za a tara a masarautar fawa da
kuma waɗanda za a
taimakawa al’umma da su, to waɗannan kuɗi suma suna
hannun Ajiyan Fawa, duk wani lamari na kuɗi da za a yi a
masarautar fawa dama mahautu to suna cikin kulawar Ajiyan Fawa, haka kuma duk
wasu harkoki na bashi kamar rancen kuɗi da kuma biyan bashi
duk suna hannun Ajiyan Fawa.
A masarautar
fawa, sarautar Ajiyan Fawa ita ma Sarkin Fawa ke bayar da ita, haka kuma an yi
Ajiyar Fawa a garin Gusau da suka haɗa da:
1. Ajiyan Fawa Ɗanmakwarwa
(1960 –
1970)
2. Ajiyan Fawa
Ummaru (1970
– 1992)
3. Ajiyan Fawa
Alhaji Sani Yaba (1992
– Date)
Sarkin Zango:
Sarautar
Sarkin Zango, sarauta ce da take a ƙarƙashin
sarautar Fawa, aikin Sarkin Zango shi ne, idan baƙi mahauta sun
shigo gari a wajen shi suke sauka su yada zango su kwana wajenshi kafin gari ya
waye. Sarkin Zango shi ne ke shugabantar Kara ta Gusau, kuma basarake ne wanda
duk wanda ya shigo da shanun na sayarwa yana ƙarƙashin
nai, Sarkin Zango yana shari’a ga mahauta da kuma mutane masu saye da sayarwa a
wannan waje, Sarkin Zango shi ne mai kula da shanu da kuma bisashe, sannan
Sarkin Zango yana hukunci ga mahauta da kuma dillalai. Haka kuma duk wasu shanu
da bisashe da ake tuhuma daga hukuma, ko wasu shanu da bisashe da suka ɓace wannan
aiki yana ƙarƙashin
sarautar Sarkin Zango, kuma ita wannan sarauta Sarkin Fawa ne ke bayar da
ita tare da amincewar Gwamnatin Jiha,
domin magance cikice-cikicen harkokin saye da sayarwa na shanu da bisashe. An
yi Sarakunan Zango a garin Gusau da suka haɗa da:
1. Sarkin Zango Ƙira
(1975
– 1982)
2. Sarkin Zango
Ibrahim Ƙane (1982
– 2000)
3. Sarkin Zango
Bello (2000
– 2019)
4. Sarkin Zango
Nasiru Mai Kwahi (2019 –
Date)
4.2.2 MASU
TSARIN SARAUTAR FAWA
“Kama da wane
bata wane”
Sarauta sai ɗan gado, ba
kowa ne mahauci ke iya zama Sarkin Fawa ba sai wanda yake ya gaji sarautar. A
taƙaice masu tsarin sarautar fawa a garin Gusau
su ne waɗanda suka yi
gadon sarautar daga wajen uwayensu maza ko kakannin su maza su suke da tsarin
sarautar fawa a garin Gusau, domin ɗan mace baya sarauta, ma’ana ko da
mutun mahaifiyarshi ya yi gadon Sarautar fawa wajen mahaifinta, ko wajen
kakanta to abun da ta haifa ko da namiji ne ba zai zama Sarkin Fawa ba, don
haka ɗiyan maza ke
da tsarin sarautar Fawa a garin Gusau.
4.2.3
HANYOYIN DA AKE BI WAJEN ZAƁEN SARKIN
FAWA
“Domin naman
sarki na bisa karaga, ba a hana ungulu gewaye”
Akwai hanyoyi
da dama da ake bi wajen zaɓen Sarkin Fawa, domin samun
nagartaccen shugabanci ga mahauta ko rundawa. A taƙaice ba don
mutun ya gaji sarauta fawa ba ake zaɓen shi ya zama Sarkin Fawa, sai idan
ya cika sharuɗɗa kamar haka.
·
Hanya ta farko ana duba wanda yake shi ne
babba a gida, ma’ana babban ɗan sarki na farko.
·
Hanya ta biyu ana duba cancanta, domin kowane
ɗan Sarki ya
cancanci zama sarki ba.
·
Hanya ta uku ana duba gwanancewa ga harkokin
da suka shafi sarautar fawa da kuma harkokin gudanar da sana’ar fawa.
·
Hanya ta huɗu ana duba
kamala, da jaruntaka da amana da gaskiya da tausayi da kuma adalci da sauran
halaye na gari.
·
Hanya ta biyar ana duba wanda yake mai
kwarjini ga jama’a wanda jama’a suke so, kuma suka yi amanna da shi.
·
Hanya ta shida ana duba mai arziki, mai
kyauta wanda yake taimakawa jama’a.
4.2.4 MASU ZAƁEN
SARKIN FAWA
“Koshin wake
na ruwa ne”
Koda mutun ya
gaji sarauta ba zai iya naɗa kanshi ba har sai an zaɓe shi sannan
za a naɗa shi ya zama
sarki. Akwai rukunin mutanen da suke da alhakin zaɓen Sarkin
Fawa daga cikin su akwai, jama’a waɗanda za ai ma shugabanci, wato
rundawa, ko mahauta. Idan suna son wanda zai shugabance su sai a naɗa shi, idan
ba su son shi ko da an naɗa shi to za a cire shi, domin za su
iya yin bore a gareshi.
Haka kuma
daga cikin masu zaɓen Sarkin Fawa akwai Sarkin gari, ko hakimin Ƙauye,
suna zaɓar wani daga
cikin gidan sarautar Fawa su naɗa shi a matsayin Sarkin Fawa, shugaban
mahauta wanda zai jagorancesu ya yi masu adalci tare da tsara masu dokoki domin
gudanar da sana’ar fawa da kuma sarautar fawa.
4.4
GUDUMMAWAR DA SARAUTAR FAWA KE BAYARWA
“Kowane
al’lazi da na shi amanu”
Sarautar fawa
na da gudummawar da take bayarwa da ta haɗa da:
·
Samar da kuɗin shiga ga
Gwamnati, domin haɓɓaka tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
·
Samar da isasshen nama ga jama’a, domin
sarautar fawa na tallafawa ƙananan
mahauta ta basu bisashe bashi, domin su tallafawa kan su da samar da nama ga
jama’a
·
Samar da nama lafiyayye: Sarautar fawa na
kula da kuma kiyaye irin bisashen da mahauta za su yanka, domin kare al’umma
daga kamuwa da cututtuka.
·
Samar da nishaɗi: Sarautar
fawa na samar da abubuwa domin al’umma su nishaɗantu da su
kamar ire-iren bukukuwan da suke yi a cikin al’amurran su na yau da kullum.
·
Samar da aikin yi: Sarautar fawa na taimakawa
al’umma wajen samar masu da ayyukan yi da suka haɗa da sayar da
fata, Jima da kuma Dukancin takalma da sauransu.
·
Samar da Magani: Sarautar Fawa na taimakawa
al’umma wajen samar masu da wasu magunguna na wasu cututtuka da al’umma suke
fama da su.
·
Samar da al’adu: Sarautar Fawa na bada
gudummawarta wajen haɓaka al’adu da suka haɗa da hawan ƙaho,
wasan dambe, shan gumba da sauransu.
·
Samar da ɗaukaka da
martaba: Sarautar Fawa tana ƙara martabar
al’ummar Hausawa, domin ita ta kasance shuganci ne na mahauta, wannan
shugabanci na ƙara ɗaukaka sana’ar fawa.
·
Samar da lafiyar jiki: Sarautar Fawa na samar
da lafiyar jiki ta hanyar motsa jiki da mahauta ko rundawa ke yi a lokacin da
suke gudanar da al’amurransu na fawa.
·
Samar da lafiyar dabbobi: Sarautar Fawa na
samar da magani ga dabbobi da kuma kula da su domin hana yaɗuwar
cututtuka ga sauran dabbobi masu lafiya da kuma kare lafiyar al’umma.
4.3.1
MAGUNGUNAN DA SARAUTAR FAWA KE SAMARWA
Sarakunan
Fawa tsofaffin mahauta ne, kuma rundawa ne da suka shahara wajen taimakama
al’umma da wasu magunguna da suka shafi fannin sana’arsu da suka haɗa da:
1. Maganin Ƙashi:
Magani
ne da rundawa ke bayarwa idan ƙashi ya maƙale
a maƙushi, suna ba da magani a zuba a ruwa a sha,
ko su yi addu’a ga dawo su ba wanda ƙashin ya maƙalema
ya ci da yaddar Allah kuma a dace.
2. Maganin
Dabbobi: Magani
ne mahauta ke bayarwa idan dabbar mutun ta kamu da rashin lafiya, wani lokacin
idan mahauci ya shahara ko kallon dabbar ya yi yasan abun da ke damunta, kuma
zai bata maganin daidai ciwonta.
3. Maganin Suga: Magani ne da
mahauta ke bayarwa ga masu ciwon suga, kuma shi wannan magani ana samunshi ne
ga ɗatannar raƙumi,
da kuma antar raƙumi.
4. Maganin
Shawara:
Magani ne da mahauta ke taimakawa da shi ga al’ummar da suke fama da shawara,
kuma shi wannan magani ana samunshi ne ga ɗatarnan Sa,
ko ta Saniya sai aba mai shawara yasha.
5. Maganin Lala: Magani ne da
mahauta ke bayarwa ga yara masu ɗauke da Lala, ana basu hitsarin raƙumi
suna sha.
6. Maganin
Sanyi:
Magani ne da mahauta ke ba masu fama da sanyin ƙashi, ana
samun wannan magani ga ɓargon Sa, ko Saniya.
7. Maganin Ido: Magani ne da
mahauta ke ba masu fama da ciwon ido, ana samun wannan magani ga wasu ruwa da
ke jikin antar raƙumi, ana amfani da su cikin kwalli fari, kuma
mai ciwon idon zai dinga shafa shi dare da rana.
8. Maganin Jini:
Magani
ne da mahauta ke bayarwa ga wanda ya kamu da bugun jinni, suna ba da wani garin
magani ga wanda bugun jini ya kama sa a bashi ya sha.
9. Maganin Kunburin
Jiki:
Magani ne da mahauta ke bayarwa ga wanda yake fama da kunburin jiki, kuma da an
bashi ya sha zai samu sauƙi.
10. Maganin
Nakwangwalo:
Magani ne da mahauta ke taimakama yara masu fama da Nakwangwalo, shi wannan
magani ana samun shi ne ga kashin raƙumi.
4.4
SHUGABANCIN SARKIN FAWA
“Daga ganin
Sarkin Fawa sai miya tayi zaƙi”
Sarkin Fawa
shi ne shugaban mahauta mai jagorantar duk wasu harkokin da suka ƙunshi
sarautar fawa da kuma sana’ar fawa, Sarkin Fawa shi ne mai darajja ta ɗaya, wanda
yake da ikon gudanar da mulki da tsara dokoki tare da bayar da umurni na ayi ko
a bari ga mahauta masu sana’ar fawa.
A garin Gusau
Sarkin Fawa shi ne shugaban mahauta, wanda yake shugabantar su ga duk wasu
harkoki tare da wuraren da ake gudanar da harkokin fawa, daga cikin waɗannan wurare
sun haɗa da:
Kwata: Wata mayanka
ce babba da dubban mahauta ke taruwa, domin yanka dabbobi manya da ƙanana,
a wannan mayanka Sarkin Fawa shi ne shugaba, mai ba da umurni ga mahauta masu
sana’ar fawa. Haka kuma akwai harajin da duk wani mahauci yake bayarwa idan ya
yi yanka a cikin kwata domin samun kuɗin shiga.
Kara: Wani
katafaren waje ne da ake saye da sayarwa na manyan dabbobi da ƙanana
kamar shanu, raguna, tumaki, awaki da kuma raƙuma. A wannan
waje duk da yake akwai Sarkin Kara wato Sarkin Zango, wanda yake basarake ne a
wannan waje, amma shi ma yana bin umurnin Sarkin Fawa ne, domin shi ne shugaban
duk wani barundaye, ko mahauci mai saye da sayarwa a wannan waje.
Sauran
Mahautu: Sune
kamar kwata da take cikin kasuwa, ko kuma wadda take kan hanya to duk waɗannan wuraren
suna a ƙarƙashin
shugabancin Sarkin Fawa ne, kuma duk mahautan dake wannan waje suna masu yin
biyayya ga duk wasu umurni na Sarkin Fawa shugaban mahauta.
Haka kuma
Sarkin Fawa shi ne mai ba da damar yanka a jajibirin ƙaramar sallah
da kuma babbar sallah, domin gudanar da shagulan bukin sallah, a lokacin ne
Makaɗan Fawa ke
taruwa kofar gidan Sarkin Fawa suna kiɗe-kiɗe irin na
mahauta su na habaici da zambo ga wasu da kuma kirari da yabo.
Daga ƙarshe
shugabancin Sarkin Fawa a garin Gusau bai tsaya nan ba, domin kuwa Sarkin fawa
yana ɗaya daga
cikin sarakuna masu darajja a majalisar masarautar Gusau, waɗanda ake
amfani da shawarwarinsu, domin cigaban masarautar Gusau.
Haka kuma, a ɓangaren
Gwamnatin jiha, Sarkin Fawa na taimakawa Gwamnati domin ganin an shawo kan
matsalar tsaro ta sace-sacen shanu da ake fama da ita a garin Gusau da kewaye.
Gwamnatin Jiha tana tuntuɓar Sarkin Fawa akan shugabancin da
yake yi na mahauta da kuma masu sayen shanu, domin ba da shawarwari na yadda za
a kai ƙarshen matsalar tsaro a garin Gusau.
4.5 AL’ADUN
SARAUTAR FAWA
Akwai al’adu
da ke ƙunshe a cikin sarautar fawa da kuma sana’ar
fawa waɗanda rundawa
da mahauta ke yi domin inganta sarautar su da sana’ar su da kuma al’adunsu na
rayuwa, daga cikin al’adun sarautar fawa sun haɗa da: Dambe
da hawan ƙaho da shan gumbu da sauransu.
4.5.1
IRE-IREN AL’ADUN SARAUTAR FAWA
Dambe: Dambe na ɗaya daga
cikin manyan al’adun sarautar fawa, ana gudanar da was an dambe a lokacin
hunturu, wato lokacin sanyi, kuma akasarin maza ne rundawa ke yin shi.
Ana gudanar
da was an dambe ne idan aka samu ɓangarorin rundawa biyu masu hamayya da
juna sai a samu makaɗa biyu masu yin kiɗa, suna
kirari, idan wannan ya yi kirari, sai abokin hamayyarshi ya tashi ya ja mai
kirarin da nufin su shirya su gwabza sai su kama hannuwan junansu wanda ke nuna
alamun yarda kenan.
Daga nan ne
sai a tsaida kiɗi jama’a su
maida hankalinsu wurin yan wasa, yan damben za su fito tsakiyar filin su gaisa
sau uku, wato su haɗa
hannuwansu sau uku daga nan sai su fara wasa suna riƙa
junansu har dai ɗaya ya faɗi, faduwar
shi shi, ke nuna ɗaya ya yi
nasarar canye wasan.
Wasan dambe
na da matuƙar muhimmanci ga sarautar fawa da kuma
sana’ar fawa, domin yana ƙarfafa guiwa
domin ganin mutun ya yi suna a cikin harkar rundanci, haka kuma wasan dambe
yana hana zaman banza, yana sanya nishaɗi.
Rundawa na
amfani da layu da tsumma da camfi da kiɗa da waƙa
a lokacin da a ke gudanar da wasan dambe.
Hawan Ƙaho:
Hawan ƙaho wata
al’ada ce da mahauta ke yi a lokuttan bukukuwan ƙaramar sallah
da kuma babbar sallah. Ana shirya wasan ne domin sarki da sauran jamaa su nishaɗantu.
A lokacin
wannan wasa na hawan ƙaho, Sarkin Fawa ya
kan tanadi bajimin Sa, mai faɗan gaske wanda za a yi wasan da shi, a
ɗaura mashi
igiya a ƙafar baya da ta gaba, ko kuma a ƙafar
baya kawai, sai wanda zai yi wasan ya shiga gaban bajinin San nan shi kuma San
zai nufoshi da fushi, shi kuma wanda zai yi wasan sai ya jira isowar bajinin
San a lokacin da ya iso wajensa sai shi wanda zai yi wasan ya yi tsalle ya haye
saman bajinin San, shi kuma bajinin San zai yita yawo da wanda ya haushi yana ƙoƙarin
kaɗa shi ga ƙasa.
Ana ɗaura igiya a ƙafar
bajinin Sa ne domin gudun kar ya nufi mutane da gudu ya ji masu ciwo.
A lokacin
hawan ƙaho, Sarkin Fawa da yaransa mahauta su kan
hau san da ya gagari hawa. Makaɗa da maroƙa suna kirari
tare da kaɗe-kaɗe. Haka kuma
rundawa na shirya wasan hawan ƙaho a lokuttan
bukukuwan da suka danganci sana’ar su ba wai sai a lokutan bukukuwan sallah ba.
Shan Gumba: Wata al’ada
ce da rundawa ke yi a lokuttan da suke gudanar da bukukuwansu. Farkon abin da
ake tanada domin yin wannan al’adar za a tanadi gumba, a kawo ta cikin kwarya,
ko cikin baho, rundawa su gewata suna sha suna rawa su kuma makaɗa suna kiɗa suna waƙa
tare da kirari.
A lokacin da
makaɗa suke kirari
jikin rundawa na tsima, saboda yabo da ake masu, su kuma suna rawa suna shan
gumba. Ita wannan gumba ana yin ta ne da hatsi wato gero, amma ana sa kayan
koli da kuma dauri.
Al’adar shan
gumba na da muhimmanci a cikin al’adun sarautar fawa da kuma sana’ar fawa domin
kasancewar ita gumbar da suke sha hatsi ce kuma ana sarrafata wajen sa mata
kayan koli masu sa nishaɗi da kuma lafiyar jiki.
4.5.2 MAKAƊAN
FAWA
Makaɗan Fawa, makaɗa ne da kiɗinsu ya
bambanta da na sauran makaɗa, wanda ba ayiwa kowa shi sai mahauci
wanda ya gaji fawa za a tada shi ayi mai kirarin gidansu tun daga kakanninshi
da uwayenshi har zuwa ga zuri’ar gidansu. Haka kuma kiɗin fawa ya
bambanta da kowane kiɗi, akwai makaɗan da suke kiɗi da tasa da
kuma kalangu, mata suna masu amshi a can duniyar da. Sauran makaɗan fawa suna
kiɗi suna ƙirari
ga abin nan na fawa da mutun ya gada.
Makaɗan fawa suna
amfani da kalangu da tasa da kuma ganga domin gudanar da kiɗin fawa, kuma
su kan zo da mata domin suyi masu amshi, a can da, amma yanzu maza ne kawai ke
yin kiɗan fawa a
garin Gusau, kuma suna amfani da ganga da kuma kalangu domin aiwatar da kiɗan. Akwai
maza da kuma mata Makaɗan Fawa a garin Gusau da suke haɗa da:
Makaɗan Fawa Maza:
1. Dakashe
2. Jikan Karo
3. Mamman Ɗantunƙyaso
4. Bawa Ƙaura
5. Sale Bunguɗu
Makaɗan Fawa Mata
1. “Yar Modi
2. Yar Mage
3. Jumma ‘yar
Hajiya
Kaɗan daga cikin
waƙoƙin Makaɗan Fawa
Waƙar
Bawa Ƙaura – Ta Shehu Malami
Gindi: Sarkin Yanka Shehu Malami
‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Yanka Shehu Malami
Jagora: Shehu Mijin Binta, mai halin isa,
‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Yanka Shehu Malami
Jagora: Sarkin Yanka Shehu Zuwaira, Alhaji Sarkin Fawa
Namairi
Y/Amshi Sarkin Yanka Shehu Malami
Jagora: Shehu Kaban mota
‘Y/Amshi: Mai halin isa
Waƙar
Sale Bunguɗu: - Ta
Sarkin Yanka
Gindi: Sarki Nabawa
‘Y/Amshi: Sarki Nabawa
Jagora: Hannuka sani Nabawa Namairi
‘Y/Amshi Sarki Nabawa
Jagora: Kayan tsire ba a yassai daji
‘Y/Amshi Sarki Nabawa
Jagora: Duk kowa ka riƙa
‘Y/Amshi Sarki Nabawa
Jagora Kai adda Mahautan Gusau
Y/Amshi Sarki Nabawa
Jagora: Ɗan Kabo
takarda
Y/Amshi: Sarki Nabawa
Waƙar
Sale Bunguɗu – Ta Mai Kuɗɗin Gusau
Gindi: Mai kuɗɗin Gusau
Jagora: Ya a sarki ni kai Nakabo Nama’a
: Na’ala Komai nibbiɗa ga rai na
samu
: Mai kuɗɗin Gusau uban Dagaji
: Datse Na’abu Sarkin Yanka Ɗankabo ƙanen
Sarki Ala
: Sarki Namata’a
: Sarki Naburzun
: Sarki Nashago
: Na’abu Ɗanmani kar
kasake Ɗanmani tafi danashar manyan shanu Ɗankabo.
: In dawo ga Shehu shi as Sarki
: Mai kuɗɗin Gusau uban Dagaji
4.6 SARAKUNAN
FAWA A GARIN GUSAU
(Gidan Sarkin
Fawa Ummaru Tsoho)
1. Sarkin
Fawa Ummaru Tsoho (1935
– 1940)
(Gidan Sarkin
Fawa Muhammadu Mande Ɗan Arba)
1. Sarkin Fawa
Muhammadu Mande Ɗan Arba (1940–
1945)
2. Sarkin Fawa
Muhammadu Ala (1945
– 1955)
3. Sarkin Fawa
Alhaji Ibrahim Shago (1955
– 1973)
4. Sarkin Fawa
Alhaji Abdullahi Bawa (1973
– 1973)
5. Sarkin Fawa
Alhaji Shehu Malami (1973
– Date)
4.7 KAMMALAWA
Wannan babi
kusan shi ne jigon wannan bincike da yake da matuƙar
muhimmanci. Wannan babi ya yi magana a kan taƙaitaccen
tarihin sarautar fawa a garin Gusau, tare da ma’anar sarautar fawa, da kuma
sarautun da ke ƙarƙashin
sarautar fawa.
Haka kuma
wannan babi ya yi magana a kan waɗanda suke da tsarin sarautar fawa,
tare da hanyoyin da ake bi wajen zaɓen Sarkin Fawa da kuma masu zaɓen Sarkin
Fawa da gudummawar da sarautar fawa ke bayarwa tare da magungunan da sarautar
ke samarwa.
Wannan babi
ya yi magana a kan shugabancin Sarkin Fawa da al’adun sarautar fawa tare da
ire-iren al’adun sarautar fawa, daga ƙarshe wannan
babi ya kawo sunayen sarakunan fawa na garin Gusau da kuma kammalawa.
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