Faskare A Garin Faskari (3)

    Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsuna da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, Zamfara.

    Faskare A Garin Faskari (3)

    NA

    ABUBAKAR HASSAN

    gatari

    BABI NA BIYU

    BITAR AYYUKAN DA SUKA GABATA

    2.0 Gabatarwa

                A cikin wannan babi na waiwayen ayyukan da suka gabata, za a yi bitar ayyukan da suka gabata, wato kundaye da kuma sauran littattafan ilimi waÉ—anda suke da dangantaka da irin wannan  aikin na sana’ar faskare, kuma za a binciko ma’anar fakare.

    2.1 Waiwayen Ayyukan da Suka Gabata

    A cikin wannan babi na waiwaye an sami wasu abubuwa waÉ—anda  suka danganci ayyukanmu, waÉ—anda manazarta da kuma É—alibai suka rubuta.

    Wasu daga cikin ayyukan  sun haÉ—a da:

    Kabir Hassan (2014) ya yi bayani a kan “sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya”. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin yanda sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya suke da kuma yanda ake aiwatar dasu a aikace. Saboda haka, wannan aiki yana da alaÆ™a ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan sana’o’i na gargajiya, wanda  yana daga cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    Abdullahi M, (2008), ya yi bayani a kan “Sana’o’in Hausawa jiya da yau”. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin yanda sana’o’in Hausawa su ke jiya da yau, duk da cewa ya bayyana wasu sana’o’in da kuma yanda ake aiwatar da su. Saboda haka, wanann nazari yana  da alaÆ™a ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan sana’o’i na Hausawa wanda yana daga cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    Bala, (2012) ya yi bayani akan “amfanin itace ga rayuwar al’umma”. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin itatuwa da kuma yanda suke, da kuma amfaninsu a jikin mutum, saboda haka, wannan nazari yana da alaÆ™a ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan ire-iren itatuwa, wanda yana É—aya daga cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    Musa Yahaya (2014), ya yi bayani a kan yaƙe-yaƙen Faskari da nasarorin da ta samu. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin tarihin garin Faskari da kuma yaƙe-yaƙen da ta yi. Saboda haka, wannan nazari yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan tarihin garin Faskari da yaƙe-yaƙen garin, wanda yana daga cikin Farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    Abubakar Hamza (2011), ya yi bayani  a kan “Dangantakar icce da Mutum”. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin yanda dangantakar icce da mutum ta ke. Saboda haka wannan aiki yana da dangantaka ta kusa da wannan bincike  da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan dangantakar icce da mutum, wanda yana daga cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    Yusif (2003) ya yi bayani a kan yaÆ™e-yaÆ™en Birnin Kogo. A inda manazaricin ya yi bayanin yadda aka samar da garin Faskari, duk da cewa ya bayya wasu yaÆ™e-yaÆ™e da suka faru kafin a cimma nasarar samun garin. Saboda haka, wannan nazari yana da alaÆ™a ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan garin Faskari wanda yana da  cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    Ibrahim B, (1999), ya yi bayani a kan sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya su ke. Saboda haka wannan aiki yana da alaÆ™a ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya wanda yana cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    Kabir M. (2008), ya yi bayani a kan sarakunan Birnin Kogo da gudunmawar da suka bada wajen bunƙasa birnin. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin sarakunan Birnin Kogo da gudunmuwarsu. Saboda haka, wannan aiki yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan sarakunan Birnin Kogo wanda yana daga cikin farafjiyar wannan aiki.

    Aliyu G, (2013) ya yi bayani a kan tasirin zamananci ga sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin tasirin zamananci a kan sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya, duk da cewa ya bayyana wasu muhimman abubuwan da suka kawo ci gaba ga sana’o’in. Saboda haka, wannan aiki yana da alaÆ™a ta kusa da wanann bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan tasirin zamananci  ga sana’ar faskare, wanda yana cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.

    To waÉ—annan kundaye da litttattfai su kaÉ—ai ne hannuna ya kai gare su, sakamakon ba a yi wani aiki a kan sana’ar faskare ba, ko da an yi, to hannuna bai kai gare shi ba.

    2.2 Ma’anar Sana’a

    Masana da dama sun bayar da gudunmuwa wajen fito da ma’anar sana’a kamar haka:

    Bageri (1986) ya bayyana ma’anar sana’a da cewa, “Sana’a na nufin duk wata hanyar saye da sayarwa, wacce É—an Adam ke yi, domin samun kwabon kashewa  da buÆ™atunsu na yau da kullum.

    Yahaya (1992) ya ce “Sana’a hanya ce ta amfani da azanci da hikima da sarrafa albarkatu da ni’imomin da É—an Adam ya mallaka don buÆ™atunsa na yau da kullum. Don haka kenan, sana’a, wata abu  ce wadda mutum ya jiÉ“anci yi da  nufin smaun abin masarufi don gudanar da harkokin rayuwa.

    Haruna da wasu (2011) sun bayyana ma’anar sana’a  da cewa “aba ce wadda ake yin kimiyya da fasaha da ni’imomin da ke tattare da É—an Adam  da  sha’anin kasuwanci da saye da sayarwa da ciniki.

    2.3 Ire-Iren Sana’a

    Kamar yanda muka sani, sana’o’in Hausawa suna da yawa, amman ga wasu daga cikin su, sun haÉ—a da:

    -          Noma

    -          Ƙira

    -          SaÆ™a

    -          Fawa

    -          Faskare

    -          Jima

    -          Wanzanci

    -          Rini

    -          ÆŠori

    -          Dukanci

    -          Su.

            i.             Noma: - Sana’a ce da ake yi domin samun abincin da za a ci da kuma wanda za a siyar domin samun kundin da za a yi amfani da su wajen al’amuran rayuwar yau da kullum.

          ii.             Ƙira: - sana’a  ce da ake domin samar da kayan aikin noma da kuma ayyukan gida.

       iii.             SaÆ™a: - sana’a ce da ake yi domin samun tufafin sakawa, da kuma na wasu ‘yan aikace-aikace, a kan yi amfani da zare, ko gashi ko kaba a mayar da su abun amfani.

       iv.             Fawa: - Sana’a ce wadda ake siyan dabbobi a yanka, domin samun nama ga al’umma.

          v.             Faskare: - Sana’a ce wacce ake yin amfani da gatari wajen  faskara icce domin a sami itacen da za’a Æ™ona a yi girki.

       vi.             Jima: - Sana’a ce wacce ake sulluÉ“e fata domin a fitar da gashin da ke jikinta, majema na amfani da bagaruwa wajen gudanar da aikinsu.

     vii.             Wanzanci: - Sana’a ce da ake amfani da askar aski domin yin aski da gyaran fuska da yin kaciya da kuma amfani da kalaba da Æ™oshiya wajen cire hakin wuya.

    viii.             Rini: - sana’a ce da ake sauya wa tufafi ko zare kalar da suke da ita.

        ix.             Dukanci: - Sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fatar dabbobi domin a mayar da su wani abun amfani na yau da kullun, misali: takalmi, jakunkuna, bante, da sauransu.

          x.             Su:- Sana’a ce ta kamun kifi da sauran namun cikin ruwa.

    2.4 Tarihin Garin Faskari

    To kamar yanda tarihi ya nuna, Wari da RaÉ—É—a da Gido da ÆŠan’yabani su ne suka kafa birnin Kogo, tun cikin shekarra (1778). Amma kuma daga baya, Wake ÆŠanjataun É—aya daga cikin zuriyar Ƙaura kuren Gumari, shi ne ya gina Birnin Kogo a shekarra 1848, a lokacin sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Bello.

    Wari da Rada suna da waÉ—ansu duwatsuna guda biyu, inda sukan yi al’adu irin na tsafe-tsafe, É—ayan dutsen yana da Æ™aton Kogo, wanda komai girman mutum zai iya shiga cikinsa. Saboda haka a duk lokacin da yaÆ™i ya tashi a zamanin su, to za ka ji ana guÉ—a a duwatsun nan, wanda ke nuna alamar cin nasara ko rashin ta. Banda wannan kuma, Wari da RaÉ—É—a, sukan je wajen kogon dutsen nan da rana tsaka, ana yi masu kaÉ—e-kaÉ—e na gargajiya. A Æ™arshen wannan shagali, za a fito da kayan lambu kamar albasa da gero da kifaye, waÉ—anada ake bai wa jama’a su rarraba. Kabir M, (2008).

    2.4.1 Asalin Sunan Garin Faskari

    Dangane da kafa garin Fasakari kuwa, lokacin da GiÉ—o da ÆŠan’yanbani suka zo daga alÆ™alawa, sai suka iske Maguzawan nan suka yaÆ™e su, suka kama bayi, kuma suka karÉ“e wurin. Daga nan sai suka tambayi waÉ—annan bayin sunan wannan wuri da suke zaune, sai arnan nan suka ce sunan sa “Faskari”. Don haka, da suka ji sunan wannan wuri sai suka ce, “tun da haka sunan wannan wuri yake,  to lallai ba za mu je ko ina ba”, wannan yasa sai suka sami wuri suma suka zauna.

    2.4.2. WaÉ—anda Suka yi Sarautar Faskari

    Tarihi ya nuna cewa GiÉ—o da ÆŠan’yanbani asalin su Gobirawa ne,  kuma su ne mutanen da aka fi sani da cewa su ne suka kafa garin Faskari.  ÆŠan’yabani shi ne ya fara sarautar garin, daga baya kuma ya baiwa É—ansa Isah. Bayan wannan kuma sai faskari Yunusa, wanda ya kafa Guga a cikin Æ™asar Bakori, sai Faskari  ÆŠan Zangina, koda yake  sarautar Barantaka ya yi. Daga shi kuma sai Faskari Abdu É—an Isah, sai Faskari Abdu É—an Tandu, koda yake tsohonsa bai yi sarauta ba. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka naÉ—a Faskari É—an Ali É—an Isah, sai Faskari  É—an Barda, koda yake shima tsohonsa bai yi sarauta ba. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka naÉ—a Faskari Abu, sai faskari É—an Kurciya wanda yake da zuri’ar Mainasara, É—aya daga cikin abokan tafiyar su GiÉ—o. Daga nan sai Faskari Isiyaku É—an Ali, banda wannan kuma sai aka naÉ—a Faskari Sani É—an Nakalle É—an Faskari Abu, koda yake shima tsohonsa bai yi sarauta ba. Sannan sai Faskari Ummaru I, sai Faskari Abu, dukkan waÉ—annan sarakai suna zaman magadai ne, kuma da wuya a sami shekarun kowane a bisa gadon sarauta. Kabir M, (2008).

    A zamanin Faskari  Abu ne garin Faskari ya fara bunÆ™asa, har mutane suke yi masa kirari da cewa:

    “Faskari, Faskararren gari,

    Ta ÆŠan’yanbani

    Taba mai shiga zuci”

    Ka zo da niyyar yini, ka kwana

    2.5 Asalin Sunan Kogo

    To yanzu sai mu koma maganar Birnin Kogo, tun da can ne asalin. WaÆ™e É—an Jatau É—an Kaura Gumari, shi ne ya tada birnin Kogo, a zamanin Sarkin Katsina Muhammad Bello, Ƙaura kauren Gumari, wanda ya gina birnin Ƙogo, yana daga cikin sarakunna  Katsina na HaÉ“e. Dalilin kiran wannan gari Ƙogo shi ne, wai lokacin da ya  zo tare da mutanen sa sai ya ce “ga wani wuri nan za mu yi kogo mu fake yaÆ™i,faÉ—ar haka yau da gobe, ya sanya wurin ya sami sunan Ƙogo. Amman Ƙogo da Faskari a yau duk É—aya ne, amman sarautar garin ana kiranta da suna Ƙogo,  hasali ma da wannan suna ne ake kiran hakimin garin ,. Wato sarkin Ƙogo, kafin yanzu da sunan sarautar ya canza zuwa sarkin yamma. Yusif (2003).

    2.6 Sarakunna Ƙogo da Yaƙe-yaƙen su.

    Dalilin zuwan wake da Jatau wannan wuri shi ne, wai waÉ—ansu malamai suka yi masu bayani cewa, idan ya tafi yamma zuri’arsa za ta yi arziÆ™i, don haka da jin haka ya kama hanya ya tafi, bai zame ko’ina ba sai wannan wuri inda ya kafa Birnin Ƙogo. An ce sai da suka yi shekara huÉ—u shi da jama’arsu suna aiki, sannan suka Æ™are, kuma ba a daÉ—e da Æ™arewa ba ya rasu.

    Muhammadu ÆŠanmama ya yi yaÆ™e-yaÆ™e da yawa daga cikin yaÆ™e-yaÆ™en da ya yi har da yaÆ™in Kazaga, inda ya ci garin, kuma sarkin garin ya mutu.  Haka kuma ya sake zuwa yaÆ™in Kakihun cikin Æ™asar Gwari,  nan ma ya samu bayi ma su  yawan gaske, bayan wannan kuma, ya sake fita yaÆ™in Sakan da yaÆ™in Kamuka, waÉ—anda ya ciwo nasara. Haka kuma ya ci Mushin da Iragogo,  daga nan ya dawo gida. Da Muhammadu ÆŠanmama ya huta, sai ya sake fita yaÆ™in Nufe, sai dai ba a yi yaÆ™in ba, domin sulhu aka yi  aka ba shi kyautar doki É—ari da kyankyandi É—ari, wato wata irin jakar saÆ™a ta Hausawa wadda ake cikawa da manyan riguna da wanduna ma su yawa. Daga nan Muhammadu ÆŠanmama bai zame ko ina ba sai yaÆ™in Lemu da  Tagina cikin Æ™asar Kwantagora da Katako da kuma Kwantagora ta Zuru, daga nan ya wuce ya kai yaÆ™i Bama ta Anka da magajin Azarfa da Bakura ta cikin Æ™asar Zamfara. Haka kuma Muhammadu ÆŠanmama ya sake fita zuwa yankin Garewa ta Ummaru, ya wuce Zaria da kuma Kusheri ta Birnin Gwari. Bayan dawowarsa daga wurin yaÆ™e-yaÆ™e ne ya rasu, ya yi shekaru da yawa a bisa gadon sarauta.

                Bayan rasuwarsa kuma, sai a cikin shekarar 1903 sarkin Katsina Abubakar ya naÉ—a Kogo É—an Magarya, É—an Muhammadu ÆŠanmama, Kogo ÆŠanmagarya, ya je yaÆ™i da yawa, a ciki kuwa har da yaÆ™in magamin mai Tarko ta cikin Æ™asar Gusau, kuma ya kai yaÆ™i ÆŠangulbi da Rindin ta ÆŠansadau ta cikin Æ™asar Sarkin kudu. Bayan Ƙogo ÆŠanmagarya ya rasu,  sai aka naÉ—a Kogo ÆŠankeji ÆŠan Muhammadu ÆŠanmama a cikin shekarar 1906. Daga nan kuma sai Kogo Dodo ÆŠanmama wanda tun yana É—an sarki ya kai ma Damari da Bakun yaÆ™i.

                Cikin shekarar 1915  ne sai aka naÉ—a Kogo Musa É—an Magajiya, yana É—an sarki ya je yankin Burwaye ta ÆŠansadau, kuma ya ci nasara. Bayan rasuwarsa a shekarar 1922 sai aka naÉ—a Kogo Ummaru É—an Muhammadu wanda shi ne yana É—an sarkinsa ne ya je yaÆ™in sabon gari ta Zaria da Magaji da Kagara ta cikin Æ™asar Maska.

                Kogo Ummaru shi ne wanda ya taso daga birnin kogo ya dawo  Faskari da zama, kuma shi ne wanda a ka fitar daga sarauta har sau uku ana mayar da shi. Da farko, bayan ya yi shekara bakwai bisa gadon sarauta, aka fitar da shi, garin ya zauna wata biyar ba a naÉ—a kowa ba, sannan aka sake mayar da shi. Na biyu kuma, garin ya zauna ‘yan watanni ba a naÉ—a kowa ba, kuma daga baya aka mayar da shi, kuma bayan ya sake hawan gadon sarauta sai aka fitar da shi,  sannan kuma bayan ya sake hawan gadon sarauta, sai aka fitar da shi a cikin shekarar 1932. Dalilin da ya sanya haka kuwa, shi ne, wai faÉ—ar wani malami ne da ake kira “Malam Hassan”, gaba, ba zai hawura shekara bakwai ba a bisa gadon sarauta ba. Kuma an ce wannan malamin ya sake roÆ™on Allah, ya kautar da hanyar motar da ya ji labarin za ta bi ta birnin Kogo. Wannan hanya kuwa, ita ce wadda aka zagaya da ita ‘yantumaki zuwa ƘanÆ™ara.

                Haka kuma bayan cire Ummaru, sai sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Dikko ya naÉ—a Kogo Abdullahi ÆŠangaladima Salu. HaÆ™iÆ™a a nan za a iya mamaki yadda wanda ke zuri’ar Galadanci zai zo ya yi sarautar Kogo. To alal haÆ™iÆ™a, katin zuwan Turawa a Æ™asar Kogo, bata yi zama a Æ™arÆ™ashin hakimin kanta ba sai bayan da aka rarraba Æ™asashen cikin shekarar 1915.

                A cikin shekarar 1936 ne, aka buÉ—e makarantar Firamare ne ta cikin garin Faskari, sannan a shekarar 1937 ne aka buÉ—e Æ™aramar asibiti ta garin Faskari. Bayan Kogo Abdullahi ya rasu, sai aka naÉ—a Kogo Musa da magajiya É—an ‘yartauje Idris. An sauke Kogo Musa saboda wani laifi da ya yi wa N.A ta Katsina. Don haka a cikin shekarar 1947 sai sarkin Katsina Alhaji Usman Nagoggo, ya naÉ—a Kogo Ibrahim É—an Ummaru. Daga kansa ne, maganar Malam Hassan ta cewa ba za a sake naÉ—a wani Kogo wanda zai wuce shekara bakwai a bisa gadon sarauta ba ta sha ruwa. Dalili shi ne, Kogo Ibrahim ya haura shekara bakwai, har ma ya nunka bisa ga shekaru bakwai a kan gadon sarauta.

                Lokacin da aka naÉ—a Kogo Ibrahim, sai ya taso daga tsohuwar Faskari, wato tsohon gari kenan inda Faskarin ta fara kafuwa ko zama, sai ya  dawo inda take yanzu, ya zauna. Shi da kansa ya shata garin. Dalilin tasowarsa daga can Tsohon garin shi ne, tsohon garin cike yake da duwatsu ko ina.

    To wannan gari da Kogo Ibrahim ya shata da kansa, yanzu ya zama abin sha’awa, kafin Kogo Ibrahim ya zo ga wannan matsayi, sai da ya yi aiki a PWD ta Katsina da kuma ta Kano.

    A shekarar 1952 ne girman Æ™asar Faskari ya kai murabba’in 1712.

    A yanzu haka Æ™asar tana da garuruwa guda goma (10), inda magadan  suke zaune. WaÉ—annan garuruwan sune kamar haka:

    Faskari

    ‘Yankara

    ‘yarmalamai

    Maigora

    Sabon layi

    Daudawa

    Mairuwa

    Ruwan Godiya

    Tafoki

    Nasarwa

    Wannan shi ne ɗan taƙaitaccen tarihin garin Faskari ta jihar Katsina. Musa Y, (2014)

    2.7 Ma’anar Faskare

    Ma’anar faskare: - Faskare wata sana’a ce ta gargajiya wadda matasa da masu Æ™arfi a jika kan yi domin samun abun sakawa a baka. Ita wannan sana’a ta faskare, ta Æ™unshi saran gungumen itace, inda ake farfasa su zuwa Æ™anana, wato filla-filla kenan ta yanda za a iya amfani da su wajen girki na yau da kullun a gidaje da sauran wurare daban-daban. Usman K, (1998).

    Faskare: wata sana’a ce wadda ake yi da gatari domin saran itace a yi ma shi  gunduwa gunduwa, sannan a rarraba shi É—aya bayan É—aya a yi amfani da shi. Ibrahim B, (1999).

    Faskare: Wata sana’a ce ta majiya Æ™arfi wadda suke yi domin samun biyan buÆ™atunsu na yau da kullun. Haka kuma wannan sana’a ana gudanar  da ita ne ta hanyar amfani da gatari a farfasa gumaguman itace, domin yin amfani da su wajen girke-girke, ko wasu abubuwa makamantan waÉ—annan. Bala Usman (2007).

    Faskare: Sana’a ce da waÉ—ansu al’umma ke yi, wacce ake yin amfani da gatari wajen faskara icce domin neman abinci.

    2.8 Kammalawa

                To kamar yanda muka gani, a wannan babi na waiwayen ayyukan da suka gabata, abubuwan duka sun Æ™unshi bayani ne a kan waiwaye da kuma ma’anar sana’a da ire-iren sana’o’in gargajiya na Hausawa, da kuma tarihin Æ™asar Faskari da kuma ma’anar Faskare. Kasancewar ba a taÉ“a yin wani aiki a kan sana’ar faskare ba, shi yasa abubuwan suka yi wahala sosai. Sai dai fira da na yi ta yi da mutanen  da suke gudanar da irin wannan sana’ar ta faskare.

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