Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsuna da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, Zamfara.
Faskare A Garin Faskari (3)
NA
ABUBAKAR HASSAN
BABI NA BIYU
BITAR AYYUKAN DA SUKA GABATA
2.0 Gabatarwa
A cikin wannan babi na
waiwayen ayyukan da suka gabata, za a yi bitar ayyukan da suka gabata, wato
kundaye da kuma sauran littattafan ilimi waÉ—anda suke da dangantaka da irin wannan aikin na sana’ar faskare, kuma za a binciko
ma’anar fakare.
2.1 Waiwayen Ayyukan da Suka Gabata
A cikin wannan babi na waiwaye an sami wasu abubuwa waÉ—anda suka danganci
ayyukanmu, waÉ—anda manazarta da kuma É—alibai suka rubuta.
Wasu daga cikin ayyukan sun haÉ—a da:
Kabir Hassan (2014) ya yi bayani a kan “sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya”. A
inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin yanda sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya suke da kuma
yanda ake aiwatar dasu a aikace. Saboda haka, wannan aiki yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan
bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan sana’o’i na
gargajiya, wanda yana daga cikin
farfajiyar wannan aiki.
Abdullahi M, (2008), ya yi bayani a kan “Sana’o’in Hausawa jiya da yau”. A
inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin yanda sana’o’in Hausawa su ke jiya da yau, duk da
cewa ya bayyana wasu sana’o’in da kuma yanda ake aiwatar da su. Saboda haka,
wanann nazari yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan
bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan sana’o’i na
Hausawa wanda yana daga cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.
Bala, (2012) ya yi bayani akan “amfanin itace ga rayuwar al’umma”. A inda
manazarcin ya yi bayanin itatuwa da kuma yanda suke, da kuma amfaninsu a jikin
mutum, saboda haka, wannan nazari yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake
gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan ire-iren itatuwa, wanda yana
É—aya daga cikin farfajiyar wannan
aiki.
Musa Yahaya (2014), ya yi bayani a kan yaƙe-yaƙen Faskari da nasarorin da ta samu.
A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin tarihin garin Faskari da kuma yaƙe-yaƙen da ta yi. Saboda
haka, wannan nazari yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun
yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan tarihin garin Faskari da yaƙe-yaƙen garin, wanda yana daga cikin
Farfajiyar wannan aiki.
Abubakar Hamza (2011), ya yi bayani
a kan “Dangantakar icce da Mutum”. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin yanda
dangantakar icce da mutum ta ke. Saboda haka wannan aiki yana da dangantaka ta
kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa,
domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan dangantakar icce da mutum, wanda yana
daga cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.
Yusif (2003) ya yi bayani a kan yaƙe-yaƙen Birnin Kogo. A inda manazaricin ya yi bayanin yadda
aka samar da garin Faskari, duk da cewa ya bayya wasu yaƙe-yaƙe da suka faru kafin a cimma nasarar
samun garin. Saboda haka, wannan nazari yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake
gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan garin Faskari wanda yana
da cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.
Ibrahim B, (1999), ya yi bayani a kan sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya. A
inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya su ke. Saboda haka
wannan aiki yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen
bayani a kan sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya wanda yana cikin farfajiyar wannan
aiki.
Kabir M. (2008), ya yi bayani a kan sarakunan Birnin Kogo da gudunmawar da
suka bada wajen bunƙasa birnin. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin sarakunan Birnin Kogo da
gudunmuwarsu. Saboda haka, wannan aiki yana da alaƙa ta kusa da wannan bincike da ake
gudanarwa domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan sarakunan Birnin Kogo wanda
yana daga cikin farafjiyar wannan aiki.
Aliyu G, (2013) ya yi bayani a kan tasirin zamananci ga sana’o’in Hausawa
na gargajiya. A inda manazarcin ya yi bayanin tasirin zamananci a kan sana’o’in
Hausawa na gargajiya, duk da cewa ya bayyana wasu muhimman abubuwan da suka
kawo ci gaba ga sana’o’in. Saboda haka, wannan aiki yana da alaÆ™a ta kusa da wanann
bincike da ake gudanarwa, domin sun yi tarayya wajen bayani a kan tasirin
zamananci ga sana’ar faskare, wanda yana
cikin farfajiyar wannan aiki.
To waÉ—annan kundaye da litttattfai su kaÉ—ai ne hannuna ya kai gare su, sakamakon ba a yi wani aiki
a kan sana’ar faskare ba, ko da an yi, to hannuna bai kai gare shi ba.
2.2 Ma’anar Sana’a
Masana da dama sun bayar da gudunmuwa wajen fito da ma’anar sana’a kamar
haka:
Bageri (1986) ya bayyana ma’anar sana’a da cewa, “Sana’a na nufin duk wata
hanyar saye da sayarwa, wacce É—an Adam ke yi, domin samun kwabon kashewa
da buƙatunsu na yau da kullum.
Yahaya (1992) ya ce “Sana’a hanya ce ta amfani da azanci da hikima da
sarrafa albarkatu da ni’imomin da É—an Adam ya mallaka don buÆ™atunsa na yau da kullum. Don haka kenan, sana’a, wata
abu ce wadda mutum ya jiɓanci yi da nufin
smaun abin masarufi don gudanar da harkokin rayuwa.
Haruna da wasu (2011) sun bayyana ma’anar sana’a da cewa “aba ce wadda ake yin kimiyya da
fasaha da ni’imomin da ke tattare da É—an Adam da sha’anin kasuwanci da saye da sayarwa da
ciniki.
2.3 Ire-Iren Sana’a
Kamar yanda muka sani, sana’o’in Hausawa suna da yawa, amman ga wasu daga
cikin su, sun haÉ—a da:
-
Noma
-
Ƙira
-
Saƙa
-
Fawa
-
Faskare
-
Jima
-
Wanzanci
-
Rini
-
ÆŠori
-
Dukanci
-
Su.
i.
Noma: - Sana’a ce da ake
yi domin samun abincin da za a ci da kuma wanda za a siyar domin samun kundin
da za a yi amfani da su wajen al’amuran rayuwar yau da kullum.
ii.
Ƙira: - sana’a ce
da ake domin samar da kayan aikin noma da kuma ayyukan gida.
iii.
SaÆ™a: - sana’a ce da ake yi domin samun
tufafin sakawa, da kuma na wasu ‘yan aikace-aikace, a kan yi amfani da zare, ko
gashi ko kaba a mayar da su abun amfani.
iv.
Fawa: - Sana’a ce wadda
ake siyan dabbobi a yanka, domin samun nama ga al’umma.
v.
Faskare: - Sana’a ce
wacce ake yin amfani da gatari wajen
faskara icce domin a sami itacen da za’a Æ™ona a yi girki.
vi.
Jima: - Sana’a ce wacce
ake sulluɓe fata domin a fitar da gashin da ke
jikinta, majema na amfani da bagaruwa wajen gudanar da aikinsu.
vii.
Wanzanci: - Sana’a ce da
ake amfani da askar aski domin yin aski da gyaran fuska da yin kaciya da kuma
amfani da kalaba da ƙoshiya wajen cire hakin wuya.
viii.
Rini: - sana’a ce da ake
sauya wa tufafi ko zare kalar da suke da ita.
ix.
Dukanci: - Sana’a ce da
ake sarrafa fatar dabbobi domin a mayar da su wani abun amfani na yau da
kullun, misali: takalmi, jakunkuna, bante, da sauransu.
x.
Su:- Sana’a ce ta kamun
kifi da sauran namun cikin ruwa.
2.4 Tarihin Garin Faskari
To kamar yanda tarihi ya nuna, Wari da RaÉ—É—a da Gido da ÆŠan’yabani su ne suka kafa birnin Kogo, tun cikin shekarra
(1778). Amma kuma daga baya, Wake Ɗanjataun ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar Ƙaura kuren Gumari, shi ne ya gina Birnin Kogo a shekarra
1848, a lokacin sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Bello.
Wari da Rada suna da waÉ—ansu duwatsuna guda biyu, inda sukan yi al’adu irin na tsafe-tsafe, É—ayan dutsen yana da Æ™aton Kogo, wanda komai girman mutum
zai iya shiga cikinsa. Saboda haka a duk lokacin da yaƙi ya tashi a zamanin su, to za ka ji
ana guÉ—a a duwatsun nan, wanda ke nuna
alamar cin nasara ko rashin ta. Banda wannan kuma, Wari da RaÉ—É—a, sukan je wajen kogon dutsen nan da rana tsaka, ana yi
masu kaɗe-kaɗe na gargajiya. A ƙarshen wannan shagali, za a fito da kayan lambu kamar
albasa da gero da kifaye, waÉ—anada ake bai wa jama’a su rarraba. Kabir M, (2008).
2.4.1 Asalin Sunan Garin Faskari
Dangane da kafa garin Fasakari kuwa, lokacin da GiÉ—o da ÆŠan’yanbani suka zo daga alÆ™alawa, sai suka iske Maguzawan nan
suka yaƙe su, suka kama bayi, kuma suka karɓe wurin. Daga nan sai suka tambayi waɗannan bayin sunan wannan wuri da suke zaune, sai arnan nan suka ce sunan sa
“Faskari”. Don haka, da suka ji sunan wannan wuri sai suka ce, “tun da haka
sunan wannan wuri yake, to lallai ba za
mu je ko ina ba”, wannan yasa sai suka sami wuri suma suka zauna.
2.4.2. WaÉ—anda Suka yi Sarautar Faskari
Tarihi ya nuna cewa GiÉ—o da ÆŠan’yanbani asalin su Gobirawa ne,
kuma su ne mutanen da aka fi sani da cewa su ne suka kafa garin
Faskari. ÆŠan’yabani shi ne ya fara sarautar
garin, daga baya kuma ya baiwa É—ansa Isah. Bayan wannan kuma sai faskari Yunusa, wanda ya kafa Guga a cikin
ƙasar Bakori, sai Faskari Ɗan Zangina, koda
yake sarautar Barantaka ya yi. Daga shi
kuma sai Faskari Abdu É—an Isah, sai Faskari Abdu É—an Tandu, koda yake tsohonsa bai yi sarauta ba. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka
naÉ—a Faskari É—an Ali É—an Isah, sai Faskari É—an Barda, koda yake shima tsohonsa bai yi sarauta ba.
Bayan wannan kuma sai aka naÉ—a Faskari Abu, sai faskari É—an Kurciya wanda yake da zuri’ar Mainasara, É—aya daga cikin abokan tafiyar su GiÉ—o. Daga nan sai Faskari Isiyaku É—an Ali, banda wannan kuma sai aka naÉ—a Faskari Sani É—an Nakalle É—an Faskari Abu, koda yake shima
tsohonsa bai yi sarauta ba. Sannan sai Faskari Ummaru I, sai Faskari Abu,
dukkan waÉ—annan sarakai suna zaman magadai ne,
kuma da wuya a sami shekarun kowane a bisa gadon sarauta. Kabir M, (2008).
A zamanin Faskari Abu ne garin
Faskari ya fara bunƙasa, har mutane suke yi masa kirari da cewa:
“Faskari, Faskararren gari,
Ta ÆŠan’yanbani
Taba mai shiga zuci”
Ka zo da niyyar yini, ka kwana
2.5 Asalin Sunan Kogo
To yanzu sai mu koma maganar Birnin Kogo, tun da can ne asalin. Waƙe ɗan Jatau ɗan Kaura Gumari, shi ne ya tada birnin Kogo, a zamanin Sarkin Katsina
Muhammad Bello, Ƙaura kauren Gumari, wanda ya gina birnin Ƙogo, yana daga cikin sarakunna Katsina na HaÉ“e. Dalilin kiran wannan gari Ƙogo shi ne, wai lokacin da ya zo tare da mutanen sa sai ya ce “ga wani wuri
nan za mu yi kogo mu fake yaƙi,faɗar haka yau da gobe, ya sanya wurin ya sami sunan Ƙogo. Amman Ƙogo da Faskari a yau duk ɗaya ne, amman sarautar garin ana kiranta da suna Ƙogo, hasali ma da wannan suna ne ake kiran hakimin
garin ,. Wato sarkin Ƙogo, kafin yanzu da sunan sarautar ya canza zuwa sarkin yamma. Yusif
(2003).
2.6 Sarakunna Ƙogo da Yaƙe-yaƙen su.
Dalilin zuwan wake da Jatau wannan wuri shi ne, wai waÉ—ansu malamai suka yi masu bayani cewa, idan ya tafi yamma
zuri’arsa za ta yi arziÆ™i, don haka da jin haka ya kama hanya ya tafi, bai zame ko’ina ba sai
wannan wuri inda ya kafa Birnin Ƙogo. An ce sai da suka yi shekara huÉ—u shi da jama’arsu suna aiki, sannan suka Æ™are, kuma ba a daÉ—e da Æ™arewa ba ya rasu.
Muhammadu Ɗanmama ya yi yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙen da ya yi har da yaƙin Kazaga, inda ya ci garin, kuma
sarkin garin ya mutu. Haka kuma ya sake
zuwa yaƙin Kakihun cikin ƙasar Gwari, nan ma ya samu bayi ma
su yawan gaske, bayan wannan kuma, ya
sake fita yaƙin Sakan da yaƙin Kamuka, waɗanda ya ciwo nasara. Haka kuma ya ci
Mushin da Iragogo, daga nan ya dawo
gida. Da Muhammadu Ɗanmama ya huta, sai ya sake fita yaƙin Nufe, sai dai ba a yi yaƙin ba, domin sulhu aka yi aka ba shi kyautar doki ɗari da kyankyandi ɗari, wato wata irin jakar saƙa ta Hausawa wadda ake cikawa da manyan riguna da wanduna
ma su yawa. Daga nan Muhammadu Ɗanmama bai zame ko ina ba sai yaƙin Lemu da Tagina cikin ƙasar Kwantagora da Katako da kuma Kwantagora
ta Zuru, daga nan ya wuce ya kai yaƙi Bama ta Anka da magajin Azarfa da Bakura ta cikin ƙasar Zamfara. Haka kuma
Muhammadu ÆŠanmama ya sake fita zuwa yankin Garewa ta Ummaru, ya wuce Zaria da kuma
Kusheri ta Birnin Gwari. Bayan dawowarsa daga wurin yaƙe-yaƙe ne ya rasu, ya yi shekaru da yawa
a bisa gadon sarauta.
Bayan rasuwarsa kuma, sai
a cikin shekarar 1903 sarkin Katsina Abubakar ya naɗa Kogo ɗan Magarya, ɗan Muhammadu Ɗanmama, Kogo Ɗanmagarya, ya je yaƙi da yawa, a ciki kuwa
har da yaƙin magamin mai Tarko ta cikin ƙasar Gusau, kuma ya kai yaƙi Ɗangulbi da Rindin ta Ɗansadau ta cikin ƙasar Sarkin kudu. Bayan Ƙogo Ɗanmagarya ya rasu, sai aka naɗa Kogo Ɗankeji Ɗan Muhammadu Ɗanmama a cikin shekarar 1906. Daga nan kuma sai Kogo Dodo
Ɗanmama wanda tun yana ɗan sarki ya kai ma Damari da Bakun yaƙi.
Cikin shekarar 1915 ne sai aka naÉ—a Kogo Musa É—an Magajiya, yana É—an sarki ya je yankin Burwaye ta ÆŠansadau, kuma ya ci nasara. Bayan rasuwarsa a shekarar
1922 sai aka naɗa Kogo Ummaru ɗan Muhammadu wanda shi ne yana ɗan sarkinsa ne ya je yaƙin sabon gari ta Zaria da Magaji da
Kagara ta cikin ƙasar Maska.
Kogo Ummaru shi ne wanda
ya taso daga birnin kogo ya dawo Faskari
da zama, kuma shi ne wanda a ka fitar daga sarauta har sau uku ana mayar da
shi. Da farko, bayan ya yi shekara bakwai bisa gadon sarauta, aka fitar da shi,
garin ya zauna wata biyar ba a naÉ—a kowa ba, sannan aka sake mayar da shi. Na biyu kuma, garin ya zauna ‘yan
watanni ba a naÉ—a kowa ba, kuma daga baya aka mayar
da shi, kuma bayan ya sake hawan gadon sarauta sai aka fitar da shi, sannan kuma bayan ya sake hawan gadon
sarauta, sai aka fitar da shi a cikin shekarar 1932. Dalilin da ya sanya haka
kuwa, shi ne, wai faÉ—ar wani malami ne da ake kira “Malam Hassan”, gaba, ba zai hawura shekara
bakwai ba a bisa gadon sarauta ba. Kuma an ce wannan malamin ya sake roƙon Allah, ya kautar da
hanyar motar da ya ji labarin za ta bi ta birnin Kogo. Wannan hanya kuwa, ita
ce wadda aka zagaya da ita ‘yantumaki zuwa ƘanÆ™ara.
Haka kuma bayan cire Ummaru,
sai sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Dikko ya naÉ—a Kogo Abdullahi ÆŠangaladima Salu. HaÆ™iÆ™a a nan za a iya mamaki yadda wanda ke zuri’ar Galadanci zai zo ya yi
sarautar Kogo. To alal haƙiƙa, katin zuwan Turawa a ƙasar Kogo, bata yi zama a ƙarƙashin hakimin kanta ba sai bayan da
aka rarraba ƙasashen cikin shekarar 1915.
A cikin shekarar 1936 ne,
aka buÉ—e makarantar Firamare ne ta cikin
garin Faskari, sannan a shekarar 1937 ne aka buɗe ƙaramar asibiti ta garin Faskari. Bayan Kogo Abdullahi ya
rasu, sai aka naÉ—a Kogo Musa da magajiya É—an ‘yartauje Idris. An sauke Kogo Musa saboda wani laifi
da ya yi wa N.A ta Katsina. Don haka a cikin shekarar 1947 sai sarkin Katsina
Alhaji Usman Nagoggo, ya naÉ—a Kogo Ibrahim É—an Ummaru. Daga kansa ne, maganar Malam Hassan ta cewa ba za a sake naÉ—a wani Kogo wanda zai wuce shekara bakwai a bisa gadon
sarauta ba ta sha ruwa. Dalili shi ne, Kogo Ibrahim ya haura shekara bakwai,
har ma ya nunka bisa ga shekaru bakwai a kan gadon sarauta.
Lokacin da aka naÉ—a Kogo Ibrahim, sai ya taso daga tsohuwar Faskari, wato
tsohon gari kenan inda Faskarin ta fara kafuwa ko zama, sai ya dawo inda take yanzu, ya zauna. Shi da kansa
ya shata garin. Dalilin tasowarsa daga can Tsohon garin shi ne, tsohon garin
cike yake da duwatsu ko ina.
To wannan gari da Kogo Ibrahim ya shata da kansa, yanzu ya zama abin
sha’awa, kafin Kogo Ibrahim ya zo ga wannan matsayi, sai da ya yi aiki a PWD ta
Katsina da kuma ta Kano.
A shekarar 1952 ne girman Æ™asar Faskari ya kai murabba’in 1712.
A yanzu haka ƙasar tana da garuruwa guda goma (10), inda magadan suke zaune. Waɗannan garuruwan sune kamar haka:
Faskari
‘Yankara
‘yarmalamai
Maigora
Sabon layi
Daudawa
Mairuwa
Ruwan Godiya
Tafoki
Nasarwa
Wannan shi ne ɗan taƙaitaccen tarihin garin Faskari ta jihar Katsina. Musa Y, (2014)
2.7 Ma’anar Faskare
Ma’anar faskare: - Faskare wata sana’a ce ta gargajiya wadda matasa da masu
Æ™arfi a jika kan yi domin samun abun sakawa a baka. Ita wannan sana’a ta faskare,
ta ƙunshi saran gungumen itace, inda ake farfasa su zuwa ƙanana, wato filla-filla kenan ta
yanda za a iya amfani da su wajen girki na yau da kullun a gidaje da sauran
wurare daban-daban. Usman K, (1998).
Faskare: wata sana’a ce wadda ake yi da gatari domin saran itace a yi ma
shi gunduwa gunduwa, sannan a rarraba
shi É—aya bayan É—aya a yi amfani da shi. Ibrahim B, (1999).
Faskare: Wata sana’a ce ta majiya Æ™arfi wadda suke yi domin samun biyan buÆ™atunsu na yau da kullun.
Haka kuma wannan sana’a ana gudanar da
ita ne ta hanyar amfani da gatari a farfasa gumaguman itace, domin yin amfani
da su wajen girke-girke, ko wasu abubuwa makamantan waÉ—annan. Bala Usman (2007).
Faskare: Sana’a ce da waÉ—ansu al’umma ke yi, wacce ake yin amfani da gatari wajen faskara icce domin
neman abinci.
2.8 Kammalawa
To kamar yanda muka gani,
a wannan babi na waiwayen ayyukan da suka gabata, abubuwan duka sun ƙunshi bayani ne a kan
waiwaye da kuma ma’anar sana’a da ire-iren sana’o’in gargajiya na Hausawa, da
kuma tarihin Æ™asar Faskari da kuma ma’anar Faskare. Kasancewar ba a taÉ“a yin wani aiki a kan sana’ar faskare ba, shi yasa
abubuwan suka yi wahala sosai. Sai dai fira da na yi ta yi da mutanen da suke gudanar da irin wannan sana’ar ta
faskare.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.