Birkila/Messin A Garin Kwatarkwashi (4)

     Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Koyar da Harsuna da Al’adu, Tsangayar Fasaha da Ilimi, Jami’ar Tarayya, Gusau don neman digiri na farko.

    Birkila/Messin A Garin Kwatarkwashi (4)

    NA

    HIZBULLAHI ÆŠANLAMI

    magina

    BABU NA UKU:

    SANA’AR GINI A GARIN KWATARKWASHI

    3.0 Gabatarwa

                Wannan babi zai tattauna ne a kan babban jigon wannan bincike wato sana’ar gini a garin kwatarkwashi. Inda a Æ™arÆ™ashinsa za a yi bayani game da ma’anar gini da ire-iren gini da kuma bayanin birkila/magini, da bayanin ginin gargajiya da na zamni. Sannan za a kuma tattauna a kan gini a garin kwatarkwashi, daga Æ™arshe za a bayyana irin gudunmuwar da birkila/magini ke bayarwa wajen bunÆ™asa kalmomin Hausa.

    3.1 Ma’anar Gini

                Gini sana’a ce ta sarrafa abubuwan  da suka shafi Æ™asa kamar irin su yumÉ“u, taÉ“o da sauransu, su zama masu amfani ga al’umma. Kamar gina muhallin shiga don barci, girke-girke ko ajiya da kuma gina mazubi kamar irin su tukunya, tulu  da sauransu (Tattaunawa da Dr. Sani Aliyu Soba).

                Wannan sana’a ta gini daÉ—aÉ—É—iyar sana’a ce. Asali mutane kan gina bukka ne ta hanyar amfani da karan  dawa, sannan kuma daga baya a yaÉ“e shi da Æ™asa. Da aka sami ci gaba sai aka  koma ana gina É—aki da zallar tubalin Æ™asa, (kama-kama) zuwa yin bulon Æ™asa, sannan a gina É—aki. (ÆŠanbarno Sankalawa).

                Dangane da ma’anar wannan kalma ta gini kuwa, akwai buÆ™atar a waiwayi yadda masana suka bayyana ta:

                A cikin “Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English”, an bayyana ma’anar gini da cewa:

    “Sura ce ko siga da ta shafi gidaje , majami’o’i (coci) da kuma  kamfanoni, waÉ—anda ke É—auke da rufi da bangaye”.

                Haka a cikin, “BBC English Dictionary”, an bayyana cewa “Gini shi ne duk wani abu da ke kewaye da kai kuma wanda ya shafi rayuwarka. Misali: wurin zamanka da al’ummar da ke tare da kai da kuma dukkan abin da ya shafe ka”.

                Gusau, G. U (2012) ya bayyana Gini da cewa “Gini sana’a ce ta gyara Æ™asa a mulmule ta ta zama tubali (Shi ne wanda ake cewa Æ™ungu a nan yankin Zamfara) tare da ruwa da rauno ko cicciko (busashen  ganyen É—oruwa ko na kalgo) a kwaÉ“a ta har sai ta tsima ana yi ana zuba mata ruwa, har zuwa lokacin da ta yi taushi, don gina ko samar da katanga ko muhalli gaba É—aya”.

                Malam Namadi, a lacar aji kwas mai lamba (HL 224) “Sana’o’in Hausawa” a kwalejin ilmi ta Maru, ya bayyana ma’anar Gini da cewa “Gini wata irin fasaha ce ta sarrafa yumÉ“un Æ™asa da dutse da  ruwa  da haki domin tanadin muhallin zama ko na ajiya ko na  girki ko na ado da tarihi. Aikin gini ba nan kaÉ—ai  ya tsaya ba har ma da haÆ™ar rijiya da yi mata É—aurin baki da ginar salga duk ayyukan gini  ne”.

     

    3.2 Ire-iren Gini

    Ire-iren gini guda uku ne  kamar haka: -

    1-      Ginin muhalli

    2-      Ginin Rijiya

    3-      Ginin Tukwane

    Ga bayaninsu kamar haka: -

    Ginin Muhalli: - Shi ne wanda ya shafi gina gida baki É—ayansa da dukkan nau’o’in É—akuna, tun daga É—akin kwana da É—akin hutu da É—akin girki, da É—akin karatu da sauransu.

    To mene ne muhalli?

                Soba, (2015) ya bayyana ma’anar kalmar daga asalinta da cewa “Kalmar muhalli an aro ta ne daga harshen larabci wato “Al-Muhallu” ko kuma “Muhalli”. Ma’anar  wannan kalma tana  da faÉ—i a cikin luggar larabci don haka yin amfani da É—aya daga cikin waÉ—annan kalmomin guda biyu ya danganta ne da irin yadda suka fito a cikin tsarin magana da harshen Larabci. Ya ci gaba da cewa “da Hausawa suka aro wannan kalma ba su sauya mata wata siga ko tsari ba, wato yadda ta fito haka suka bar ta suka ci gaba da amfani da ita, wato “Muhalli”.

    Ta fuskar ma’ana kuwa kalmar “Muhalli” da harshen Larabci tana nufin “Bagire” ko wuri.

                Soba (2015) ya ruwaito Sa’ad (1981) yana kallon muhalli a matsayin tsare-tsaren da magina ke yi a Æ™asar Hausa da kuma irin Æ™yale-Æ™yalen na nuna Æ™warewa wajen fagen samun muhalli, da kuma hanyoyin nuna gwaninta ta wajen  Æ™irÆ™ira da amfani da ma’adinai da wasu al’adu don hana É“acin muhalli, haka kuma da amfani da wani sihiri, don kare martaba da samar da wurin zama (muhalli) a Æ™asar Hausa”.

    A wurin wannan nau’in gini na muhalli, ana gina gidaje da É—akuna musamman na hutu da na girke-girke da na karatu da sauransu.

    3.2.2 Ginin Rijiya

                Gini ne da ake yi bayan an haÆ™a rame, mutanen  da ke haÆ™a ramen nan ana kiransu da “Bulkacima” ko “Daudu”. Su ma ada can ana yi musu sarauta, amma tasirin zamananci ya sa duk an bar yin waÉ—annan naÉ—e-naÉ—e.

    Idan an tashi ginin rijiya, dole ne a tanadi itacen É—auri, da gugar yasa, da katafsa (wani tsawo ne wanda ake tufÆ™awa da igiya), sannan maginin ya shiga ciki ya fara É—oro gininsa har ya yo sama. Idan an gama ginin akan  shafe bakinm rijiyar da laka mai É—auri.

                Yanzu da zamani ya zo da simulti (cement) ake shafewa da simulti (cement), sai kuma a É—aura kwarkwaso (ita ce mai shacin inda igiya za ta riÆ™a gudana.

     

    3.2.3 Ginin Tukane

                Ginin tukane kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, sana’a ce da masu ita ke gina kayayyakin amfanin gida da suka haÉ—a da  tukunya , randa,  buta, tulu, kasko, asusu da suaran abubuwan da suka yi kama da haÆ™a. Ana gudanar da wannan sana’ar ce da Æ™asa (taÉ“o) sannan a gasa ta da wuta. Ga matakan fara wannan gini na tukane kamar haka:

    (1)    Da farko za a fara haÆ™ar Æ™asar,

    (2)    Sannan sai a kwaÉ“a ta

    (3)    Sannan kuma sai a gina tukunya da sauran abubuwan da ake son ginawa

    (4)    Sannan a barta ta sha iska

    (5)    Sannan kuma a gasa ta da wuta, wurin gasawa ya bambanta; wasu kan yi wani gini su zagaye a matsayin wurin gasa tukwane, a yayin da wasu kan yi amfani da rame wurin gasawar.

    (6)    Sannan daga Æ™arshe a gyara ta.

    Wannan sana’a  ta ginin tukwane ba kasafai ake yinta da damina ba, sana’a ce ta rani.

    3.3 Birkila/ Magini

                Kalmar Birkila asalinta ba kalmar Hausa ba ce, ararriyar kalma ce daga harshen Ingilishi, wato “brick- layer”. A harshen Ingilishi tana nufin magini. Sai Hausawa suka aro ta suka yi mata kwaskwarima ta yadda za ta dace da kalmominsu, da kuma sauÆ™in  faÉ—i a gare su. Da haka ne suke kiranta “birnika”.

                A cikin Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, an bayyana Birkila (magini) da cewa “Shi ne wanda aikinsa shi ne ginin gidaje da ofisoshi (Offices) da kuma kamfanoni da sauransu”.

                Magini (Birkila) muhimmin mutum ne a cikin jama’a har ma ana naÉ—a  sarki a cikinsu da suaran muÆ™amai na sarautu, wanda ya shafi ita sana’ar ginin.

                Magini a gargajiyance sun kasu kashi biyu, wato akwai maginin Sarakuna da na Talakawa. Maginin sarakuna shi ne maginin da ke gini irin barzar birni da Æ™ofofin shiga birane da sorayen gidajen sarautu da rufin guga  da soraye irin waÉ—anda ake yi gidajen sarauta. Shi kuwa, maginin Talakawa shi ne mai gini irin na talakawa kamar kudandan, rufewa, dabi ko yaÉ“en kara da sauransu.

                Amma ta fuskar nazari da tasirin zamananci a iya cewa yanzu magini iri biyu (2) ne. Akwai:

    a-      Maginin Gargajiya

    b-     Maginin Zamani

    3.4 Maginin Gargajiya

                Magini ne tilo, magina kuma jam’in masu sana’ar gini. Saboda haka maginin gargajiya shi ne ko su ne maginan da ke gini irin na gargajiya ta amfani da Æ™asa da ruwa da rauno  domin samar da nau’o’in abubuwan da ake ginawa kamar irin su gina gida gaba É—aya ko katanga ko shigifa ko tsangaya ko É—akin hayi ko jiro da kudandan da sauransu.

                Maginan gargajiya suna da matuÆ™ar muhimmanci a wurin  jama’a, saboda muhimmancinsu har sarautu suke da su a cikin tsarin aikinsu. A kan sami sarkin magina da waziri da Garkuwa da Dallatun magina da sauran ire-irensu. Haka kuma kowanensu yana da matsayi ga al’umma (Soba, 2015).

                A É“angaren tattaunawa da aka yi da wani magini (birkila) ya Æ™ara da cewa “mutum ba ya fara gini ba tare da ya sami albarka ko tabarruki daga sarki ba. Ƙarfin  da irin waÉ—annan Sarakai ke da shi, yana da yawa, wanda kan iya hana  wani yin wani aiki da ya shafi gini a garin in har ya saÉ“a masu ko ba ya biyayya. Sukan yi amfani da siddabaru wajen wannan sana’ar tasu ta gini a Æ™asar Hausa. Tattaunawa da Musa Danbarno Sankalawa (2019).

                A fannin wasu al’adu kuwa, kamar Bukukuwa, bincike ya nuna cewa, maginan gargajiya ba su da wasu bukukuwa da suke yi kamar takwarorinsu irin su maÆ™era, Mahauta, da Wanzamai. A duk lokacin da wani abin murna da farin ciki ya samu, sai dai su yi wasu abubuwa irin nasu masu kama da biki wajen taron aikin gini kamar na gayya. Alal-misali, a lokacin da magina suka taru a wajen wani aikin gayya, sukan yi amfani da wannan dama don munana wa abokin hamayya ta hanyar yi masa kurciya ya bar gari ko a jefe shi da rashin lafiya.

                Magina suna da makaÉ—ansu na ganga, waÉ—anda suke yi masu kiÉ—i da kirari ta yadda ba za su nuna gajiya ba ko kasala a wajen aikin gayya. To a wannan loakcin ne m,a magini ko magina ke nuna wata gwaninta ta caÉ“e Æ™asa, wadda abokan aikinsu za su riÆ™a jefa masu ba Æ™yaƙƙyabtawa, ba tare da wata ta faÉ—i ba. Haka kuma ana samun wasu daga cikinsu masu Æ™arfin asiri, su harari gini ko katanga ko bango ya faÉ—i Æ™asa.

    3.5 Maginin Zamani

                Maginin zamani tilo ke nan, Jam’insa kuwa shi ne maginan zamani wato (Jam’in masu aikin ginin zamani). Maginin zamani shi ne maginin da ke amfani da tsarin gini na zamni ta hanyar amfani da Æ™onannen bulo na simulti (cement) da suaran kayayyakin amfani, waÉ—anda zamani ya zo da su kamar irin wuÆ™a da zare da batin da lebur (leÉ“el) da saurnasu.

                Hausawa kan ce “Zamani riga”. Ga al’ada dukkan al’umma tana tafiya ne da ci gaba. Don haka ne yasa al’umma, Hausawa sukan karÉ“i waÉ—ansu canje-canje da suka zamanto alheri gare su. Saboda haka Hausawa ma ba a bar su a baya ba wajen canja salon gine-ginensu.

                Babu shakka maginin zamani ya samu ne a Æ™asar Hausa sakamakon zuwan Turawan Mulkin Mallaka ta hanyar shigowa da baÆ™in abubuwa kamar irin  su simulti (cement). Daga wannan lokacin aka sami sauyawar tsarin gine-gine da su kansu maginan.

                Soba, (2015) ya ruwaito Malam Umar Muhammad JaÉ“É“i na sashen tarihi a jami’ar Usman ÆŠanfodiyo, Sokoto a kundin bincikensa (1991) shafi na 144, yana cewa “ÆŠaya daga cikin abin da ya  kawo sauyawar gine-ginen (muhallin) Hausawa daga na gargajiya zuwa na zamani shi ne: Turawan mulkin mallaka sun yi amfani da maginanmu na Æ™asar Hausa wajen gina musu makarantu da Ofisoshi da ma gidaje, duk da cewa su suke samar da kayayyakin gine-ginen, amma kuma Æ™asa ta kasance muhimmi wajen aikin muhallin nasu, ko da yake ana amfani da ita ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Duk da cewa suna haÉ—e ta da kayayyakin gine-gine irin na zamani. 

    3.6 Gini a Garin Kwatarkwashi

                Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya da cewa Gini sana’a ce ta gyara Æ™asa a mulmule ta ta zama tubali (shi ne wanda ake cewa Ƙakgo/Ƙungu) tare da ruwa da rauno ko cici (shicci) ko busasshen ganyen É—oruwa ko na kalgo a kwaÉ“a ta har ta tsima ana yi ana zuba ruwa, har zuwa lokacin  da ta yi taushi, don samar da katanga ko É—aki, ko muhalli gaba É—aya. (Gusau, G.U. 2012).

                Dangane da yadda gine-gine suke a garin kwatarkwashi a tattaunawata da Malam Musa ÆŠanbarno da Malam Abdullahi Maikano Kurah (magina) da Dr. Sani Aliyu Soba (Malami a kwalejin kimiya da Æ™ere-Æ™ere ta ‘yan mata Gusau) duk sun tabbatar da cewa yadda ake gini a kwatarkwashi haka ake yinsa a faÉ—in Æ™asar Hausa, sai dai ta É“angaren ambaton/ kiran kayan aiki su suka bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri. A cewar Malam Musa ÆŠanbarno ya tafi aikin gini a jihar Kabi da Katsina da Gujungu da ke cikin Jihar Jigawa duk tsarin yadda ake fara gini É—aya  ne”.

                Duk da haka, ga yadda gini a garin kwatarkwashi da ma Æ™asar Hausa baki É—aya yake.

                “Da farko dai, idan mutum yana so a gina masa gida, sai ya biÉ—i kayan aiki, kamar irin su: Galma, tuluna, Gatari da kuma sunhuna. Sa’annan sai a nemi wani tudu ko kangon gida a buge a tara Æ™asar a É—ebo ruwa a yi gurbi a cikin Æ™asar, a zuba a kwaÉ“e ta da galma ko garma a tubaleta duka, sai a zo cikin tabki a sari Æ™asa mai danÆ™o da É“urji, a riÆ™a kwasowa ana tsibe ta tsibi-tsibi inda za a yi gida. Sannan sai a kwaÉ“e Æ™asar nan a bar ta ta tsima kwana biyu. Ran nan fa sai a je a kirawo magina su zo su shata gida su yi fasali mai kyau. Daga nan sai su gina harsashi su jera tubula uku-uku ko huÉ—u-huÉ—u gwargwadon yadda ake nufi da kabrin bangon. Haka za a jera tubulan, sannan sai a riÆ™a yaÉ“a Æ™asa É—anya a bisan tubalin; da haka ana yin É—ori-É—ori har gini ya tashi a girka É—akuna da zauruka. Idan gini ya isa É—aura Æ™ofa a É—aura, idan ya isa É—aura tagogi a É—aura. Daga nan idan an kai tsawonsa sai a sawo azara a zo a É—aura, sannan sai a sawo tsabgi a zo a aza bisa azaru a yi rufi. DaÉ—a sai rawani, sai ciko da É“arÉ“ar kiya, sai a É—aura a azurarai ko indararo a shafe da katsi.

    3.7 GUDUNMUWAR MAGINI (BIRKILA) WAJEN BUNƘASA KALMOMIN HAUSA

                Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya da cewa magini (Birkila) iri biyu (2) ne: Akwai maginin gargajiya da na zamani, kowanensu ya ba da gudunmuwa matuÆ™a wajen bunÆ™asa kalmomin Hausa. Ga jerin kalmomin Æ™arÆ™ashin kowane rukuni.

    a) Maginan gargajiya

    a ƙarƙashin maginan gargajiya, akwai kalmomi kamar haka: -

    1. Fatalwar Æ™asa                                            11. Kwalhoci ko ÆŠorawa ko Makuba

    2. Ƙasa ko laka                                              12. MadaÉ“i

    3. Sabuwar Æ™asa                                            13. Kirinya

    4. YumÉ“u                                                       14. Bale

    5. Jigawa                                                        15. Zanaki

    6. Ƙasar Fadama                                           16. Batako ko bataye

    7. Tulu                                                            17. Tsamne ko Tsane

    8. Tsawwa                                                     18. Bawa

    9. Azara                                                         19. Taskira

    10. Jiniya ko boto                                         20. Adudu d.ss.

    b) Maginan zamani

                Maginan zamni su ma sun taimaka Æ™warai wajen bunÆ™asa kalmomin wannan harshe (Hausa). Ga wasu daga cikin kalmomin kamar haka: -

    1.      Bulo (Block)                          11. Burush (Brush)

    2.      WuÆ™a                                      12. HaÉ“a

    3.      Batin                                                   13. Fuska

    4.      Zare                                                    14. Tsalkiya

    5.      Lebur (leÉ“el)                          15. Fulo (flow)

    6.      Fulan (plan)                                      16. Filista (plister)

    7.      Sikwaya (sÆ™uare)                              17. Kwandishin (Condition)

    8.      Tukunya ko mai hanya                   18. Kankare (Concrete)

    9.      Shayina (Shinner)                             19. ‘Yan 2000

    10.  Rok (Rock)                                         20. Kwas        d.ss                            

    3.8 NaÉ—ewa

                A cikin wannan babin an tattauna game da tushen ginin wannan bincike wato ma’anar gini da ire-irensa da ma’anar magini (Birkila) da bayanin maginin gargajiya da na zamani da kuma irin yadda gini yake a garin kwatarkwashi, a Æ™arshe an naÉ—e babin da irin gudunmuwar da magini (Birkila) yake bayarwa wajen bunÆ™asa kalmomin Hausa. 

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