Nakalin Ciwon Sanyi A Mahangar Sarkawa

Article Citation: Musa Fadama Gummi (2019). Naƙalin Ciwon Sanyi a Mahangar Sarkawa. DEGEL: The Journal of the Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2. ISSN 0794-9316

NAƘALIN CIWON SANYI A MAHANGAR SARKAWA

Na

Musa Fadama Gummi

Tsakure

Sarkanci sana’a ce ta kambaɗar kifi da wasu halittu na cikin ruwa. Yawan shiga ruwa da tu’ammali da shi abu ne mai wuyar gaske musamman idan aka yi la’akari da irin haɗurran da ke tattare da haka kama daga sanyi da zai iya kama mutum da sauran cututtuka da ake iya ɗauka a ruwa kamar ƙaiƙayin jiki, haɗarin gamo da iskoki don kuwa ruwa babban muhalli ne da iskoki ke tattaruwa. Dalilin sabo da shiga ruwa yau da kullum, Sarkawa sun shahara kuma sun ƙware ƙwarai da gaske wajen bayar da maganin ciwon sanyi. Ciwon sanyi kuwa nau’i biyu ne. Akwai sanyin fadama da kuma sanyin mata, wanda shi ma ya kasu zuwa farin sanyi da jan sanyi. Alamomin kamuwa da ciwon sanyi sun haɗa da zazzaɓi mai tsanani da bushewar leɓɓa da kumburin jiki da ƙaiƙayi a matsamatsi. Sanyin mata kuwa kan haddasa jin matsanancin zafi a al’aura yayin da ake yin fitsari. Wannan muƙala wani yunƙuri ne na nazarin yadda sarkawa ke kallon ciwon sanyi da kuma irin maganin da suke bayarwa domin samun waraka daga cutar. Magungunan sanyi da Sarkawa kan bayar sun haɗa sayyu da saƙe-saƙe da ma ganyaye na itatuwa daban.

Gabatarwa

A sha’anin kiwon lafiya irin na gargajiya a al’ummar Hausawa, masu aiwatar da sana’o’in gargajiya musamman waɗanda suka ƙware a kan sana’ar, galibi waɗanda suka gadi sana’ar daga kaka da kakanni^[1] suna daga cikin rukunan masana maganin gargajiya.^[2] Sana’ar Sarkanci tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sana’o’in gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa musamman a yankunan dake da wadatar ruwa na koguna da gulabe da tafukka da ƙoramu da ma duk wani ruwa inda kifi ke iya rayuwa.

Sana’ar Sarkanci ta jiɓinci shiga ruwa domin kambaɗar kifi da wasu halittu na ruwa kamar kada da ayu da dorina, waɗanda ake kamawa domin a ci koa sayar a sami kuɗin biyan buƙatun rayuwar yau da kullum, da kuma sarrafawa wajen yin magani na gargajiya.^[3]Yawaita shiga ruwa yau da kullum abu ne mai wuyar gaske domin akwai haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututuka musamman sanyi. Dalilin sabo da shiga ruwa da kuma irin barazanar da cutar sanyi kan yi ga lafiyar Sarkawa da Masunta, Sarkawa sun shahara matuƙa wajen bayar da tasu gudunmuwa ga sha’anin kiwon lafiya irin na gargajiya a cikin al’ummar Hauswa. Sarkawa sun bambanta da masunta. Sarkawa ƙwararri ne ga sha’anin ruwa saboda ‘yan gado ne. Ba su da wata sana’a da ta shige kamun kifi, rani wa damina. Masunta kuwa ba ƙwararri ba ne kuma ba koyaushe suke aiwatar da sana’ar kamun kifi ba. Hasali ma, galibinsu haye suka yi wa sana’ar.Ƙwarewar Sarkawa ga sha’anin ruwa ne ya ba su damar sanin magunguna. Don haka suke bayar da magungunan sanyi da na cututukan daban-daban da aka iya ɗauka a ruwa. Ire-iren cututukan sun haɗa daciwon tsagiya da cututukan fatar jiki da cire ƙayar kifi a wuya, idan ta maƙale. Cizon kifi ko sukar ƙayar kifi, da farfaɗo da mutumin da ya galabaita sakamakon nutsewa cikin ruwa, na daga cikin ayyukan Sarkawa na kula da lafiyar al’umma.

Wannan muƙala wani yunƙuri ne na nazarin ciwon sanyi a mahangar Sarkawa. An yi ƙudurin kawo yadda Sarkawan ke kallon cutar wato nau’ukan cutar, abubuwan da ke haddasa ta, alamomin kamuwa da cutar, illar da cutar ke yi wa jikin mutum da kuma magungunan da ake sha domin samun waraka daga cutar.

Kafin a duƙufa wajen kawo bayanan da muƙalar ta ƙunsa, ya dace a yi waiwaye dangane ma’anar kalmomin cuta da magani a mahangar masana domin yin haka zai ba da haske a kan aikin Sarkawa game da kiwon lafiya na gargajiya kamar yadda ya shafi cutar sanyi da maganinta.

Wane ne Basarke?

Bisa asali, kalmar Basarke an samo tadaga kalmar ‘Sarkanci’. Asalin kalmar kuwa ba Bahaushiya ba ce. Tushen kalmar daga ‘Sorko’ ne, wata al’umma ta daular Sanwai (Songhai). Al’ummar Sorko mutane ne da suka shahara matuƙa ga sha’anin su a kogin Kwara wanda ya ratso ƙasashe da dama na yammacin Afirka. Sana’ar su ce ta kawo wannan al’umma ta Sorko a daular Kabi. Sannu a hankali suka saje da al’ummar da suka tarar a Kabi.^[4]

 Domin Hausantar da wannan kalma ta “Sorko” an yi mata kwaskwarima ta hanyar cire wasalin /o/ a gaɓar farko aka musanya shi da wasalin /a/, wata ƙila domin a sami sauƙin furuci. Haka ma an yi mata ƙarin ɗafa goshi na ‘ba’ ta yadda za a sami sunan wanda ya fito daga wannan al’umma ta ‘Sorko’, kafin daga baya ma’anar ta sauya zuwa ga duk wani mai gudanar da sana’ar. An kuma cire wasalin /o/ na ƙarshe, aka musanya shi da wasalin /e/, aka sami ‘Basarke’. Dangane da sunan sana’ar kuwa, tushen kalmar nenta ‘sark’ aka yi wa ƙarin ɗafa ƙeya na ‘anci’ aka sami kalmar ‘Sarkanci’.

 Bisa ma’ana, masana sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu dangane da abin da suke ganin ake kira Basarke. Bargery (1934:92) a ƙamusunsa ya bayyana wanda ake kira Basarke. A cewarsa, Basarke shi ne masunci ko mai fito da kwalekwale^[5]

Wani sashe na wannan zance na Bargery yana da rauni domin aikin jirgi (kwalekwale) domin fito^[6] da su ba shi ke sa mutum ya zama ‘Basarke’ ba duk da cewa akasarin Sarkawa suna amfani da jiragen ruwa a wajen aiwatar da sana’arsu. Basarke ba shi ne mai fito ba. Ma’anar tana da naƙasu domin kuwa aikin Basarke bai tsaya ga su ba kawai. Bayan kamun kifi, Basarke na kuma ba da magani na Iskokin ruwa da cizo ko sukar wata dabba ta ruwa da sauran cututukan ruwa. Ba wannan kaɗai ba, Basarke shi ne wanda ya gadi Sarkanci ya kuma ba da muhimmanci ga sana’ar fiye da kowace, rani da damina. Tare da haka, ga kuma zancen ƙwarewa kan sana’ar.

 Alkali, (1969) ya bayyana abin yake gani ake kira Sarkanci a inda yake cewa: ‘Tun ƙarni na goma sha tara kalmar Sarkanci ta ɗauki ma’anar ƙwarewa kan sana’ar su, don haka duk Bakaben da ke yin wannan sana’a ake kiransa ‘Basarke’.

Wannan ma’ana da Alkali ya kawo ta yi daidai don kuwa ba kowane masunci ne ake kira Basarke ba. Basarke masunci ne ƙwararre, wanda ba ya da wata sana’a da ta shige su, rani da damina. Irin wannan masunci ne za a tarar yana iya sarrafa ruwa da ma halittun da ke cikinsa ta duk yadda yake so. Ta fuskar ba da magani kuwa, Basarke ba kanwar lasa ba ne kuma ƙwararre ne, masani ga sha’anin ruwa. Yana iya hana shan ruwa, ko ya sa ruwa ya kasa dafa kifi, wato kifi ya kasa dafuwa. Yana iya sa ƙayar kifi ta laƙe wa wani idan aka takale shi. Yana kuma iya hana a kama kifi a wani ruwa idan aka ɓata masa rai. Basarke masanin asirai ne na ruwa matuƙa.

Ma’anar Naƙali

A asali, kalmar an aro ta ne daga Larabci. A Larabci, ‘an naƙal’ na nufin tushe ko salsalar wani zance. Misali, wane ya ji daga wane, shi kuma ya ji daga wane, har a kai ga salsalar farkon inda zancen ya sami asali. Haka tana ɗaukar ma’anar cusa ko natata wani kalami ga wani (misali yawaita yin kalmar Shahada ga majinyaci har sai ya kama, shi ma ya faɗa) har sai ya faɗi kalamin.^[7]

A Hausa kuwa, Bargery, (1934:812) da Abraham, (1975:696) cewa suka yi naƙali na nufin bayani dangane da yadda ake amfani da magani. A CNHN (2006:299) kuwa, cewa aka yi naƙali ko laƙani na nufin asiri da ake bayarwa na yin wani magani, ko bayanin yadda za a bi a yi wani magani. Haka kuma kalmar tana iya ɗaukar ma’anar magani. Ta la’akari da abin da masana suka faɗa, ana iya cewa kamar naƙali na nufin ko dai bayani game da yadda ake amfani da magani, ko ma magani kacokam.

Ma’anar Cuta

Wasu na kallon cuta a matsayin kalmar da ke nufin rashin lafiya ko ciwo.^[8] Wannan ma’ana ta shafi rashin lafiyar jiki ne kawai to amma ita cuta ba ga lafiyar jiki kurum ta tsaya ba. Wannan ne ya sa Bunza, (1989:132) ya kawo bakandamiyar ma’ana ta kalmar cuta. Masanin ya ce cuta wata damuwa ce da ta shiga jikin ɗan’adam don raunana lafiyarsa ko kuma ta shafi zuciyarsa ta fuskar buƙatocinsa na jin daɗi ko ɗaukaka darajarsa da sunansa.^[9]

Idan an lura da kyau za a ga cewa kalmar cuta kamar yadda masana suka faɗa ta shafi damuwa wadda kan kawo cikas ga lafiyar ɗan’adam da kuma damuwa irin wadda ke tauye walwalar mutum domin rashin biyan wasu buƙatunsa ko rashin ɗaukaka na darajarsa da ƙimarsa. Wato dai cuta ba wai lafiyar mutum kawai take shafuwa ba, ta shafi zuciyarsa musamman idan wasu buƙatocinsa na rayuwa ko wani buri nasa ya kasa biya.

Ma’anar Magani

A cewar masana, kamar Hamza, (1977:7), da Bunza, (1989:135), da kuma Bunza, (1995:82) asali ko tushen kalmar magani hatsin bara ce daga wasu kalmomi na ma- yi- ma- gani, wato za a jarraba a gani ko a dace, a sami biyan buƙata. Sannu a hankali, yau da gobe ta yi halinta har aka sassaƙe kalmomin na wannan zance suka koma magani.

Dangane da ma’anar kalmar magani kuwa, mutane da dama sun rubuta ra’ayoyi game da abin da suke ganin ake nufi da magani. Waɗannan ra’ayoyi na nan ƙunshe a cikin ayyukan Bunza, (1989:132-134), da kuma (1995:83-85).Don haka nake ganin ba sai an sake maimaita su ba a nan. Duk da haka, bakandamiyar ma’ana ta kalmar magani da Bunza, (1989)^[10] da kuma (1995)^[11] ya kawo, ya dace a kawo ta a wannan aiki. Masanin ya kalli ma’anar magani da cewa:

“Magani wata hanya ce ta warkarwa ko kwantar da, ko rage wata cuta ta ciki ko ta waje ko wadda aka samu daga haɗari; ko kuma neman kariya ga cutar abokan hamayya ko cutar da su ko neman ɗaukaka ta daraja ko ta buwaya, ta hanyar siddabaru da sihiri na ban al’ajabi.”

Wannan ma’ana da masanin ya kawo, a bisa haƙiƙanin gaskiya ta dace kuma ta zaunu musamman idan aka yi la’akari da cewa ta taɓo muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi magani. Duk da haka na fahinci cewa masanin bai kawo zancen magani da ake yi don neman sa’a a sha’anin sana’o’i ba, wato ina magana ne dangane da tsaraka. Masanin wataƙila da gangan ya yi haka domin kauce wa tsawaita ma’anar, kuma ai ina ganin lamarin tsaraka zai iya shiga cikin ɗaukaka daraja a fakaice, domin idan sa’a ta samu, daraja na iya ɗaukaka.

A fahimtata, magani na nufin:

Duk wata dabara ta neman kariya ko waraka daga cuta kowace iri, da kumawaniwani lokaci cutar da wasu, da neman biyan wasu buƙatu na rayuwa kamar sihirineman sa’a, da ɗaukaka wanda wani lokaci sai an haɗa da sihiri ko Tsafi domin sihiri ko Tsafi domin haƙa ta cimma ruwa.

Ma’anar Ciwon Sanyi

Sanyi wata damuwa ce da ke raunana lafiyar jikin mutum, sakamakon ciwon da ake iya ɗauka ko kamuwa da shi domin yawaita shiga ruwa ko yin sammako a jeji lokacin damina musamman a lokacin da ake samun raɓa sosai ko yawan tu’ammali da abu mai sanyi. Haka ma ana ɗaukar ciwon sanyi sakamakon saduwa ta fuskar jima’i da mace ko namijin da ya harbu da cutar. Cutar sanyi idan ta daɗe a jikin mai fama da ita, takan shafi hanyar mafitsara da ƙoda, ta raunana su yadda ba su iya aiki yadda ya kamata.

Ire-Iren Sanyi

A mahangar Sarkawa, ciwon sanyi nau’i biyu ne kuma sun kasa shi ne ta hanyar la’akari da abin da ke haddasa cutar. Nau’ukan ciwon sanyin kuwa su ne sanyin fadama da kuma sanyin mata. Nau’i na biyu wato sanyin mata ya kasu gida biyu, farin sanyi da kuma jan sanyi. Wannan rabe-raben sanyi ya kasance kamar haka:

 

SANYI

 

 

 

Sanyin fadama Sanyin mata

 

 

Farin Sanyi Jan sanyi

 

Sanyin Fadama

Sanyi ne da ake kamuwa da shi sakamakon yawaita shiga ruwa na gulbi ko tafki ko ƙorama ko dai duk wani ruwa dake kwance ko mai gudu. Haka kuma yawan zama a fadama musamman safiya da kuma yamma yakan sa a kamu da cutar sanyi. Haka kuma yawan sammako a gona lokacin da ake raɓa ga damina, musamman wajajen watan Agusta zuwa Satumba, kan sa a kamu da ciwon sanyi. Galibin mutanen da wannan cuta ta fi addaba su ne Sarkawa da masunta da kuma masu noman lambu a cikin fadama.

Sanyin Mata

Cuta ce da mutum ka iya kamuwa da ita sakamakon saduwa ta fuskar jima’i da wanda ko wadda ta harbu da ƙwayar cutar sanyi. Wannan nau’i na cuta ya kasu gida biyu. Akwai farin sanyi da kuma jan sanyi. Kowane daga cikinsu ana ɗaukar sa ta hanyar jima’i. Idan aka kamu da farin sanyi, zakari zai riƙa fitar da wani farin ruwa mai kama da ruwan ƙurji. Jan sanyi kuwa jini yake fita daga al’aurar namiji yayin da yake fitsari ko kuwa bayan ƙare fitsarin tare da wani raɗaɗin ciwo a zakari.

Alamomin Kamuwa da Cutar Sanyi

Ciwon sanyi kowane iri aka kamu da shi wato ko dai na fadama ko na mata^[12], Sarkawa na bayar da magani wanda za a sha a sami waraka. Sarkawa masu ba da maganin sanyi na la’akari da wasu alamomi a jikin marar lafiya don tantance ko marar lafiya na fama ne da cutar sanyi. Alamomin su ne:

¶     Zazzaɓi mai tsanani

¶     Bushewar leɓɓa tare da yin kamɓarori.

¶     Jiki yakan bushe ya yi huri.

¶     Yakan haddasa kumburi, jiki ya yi haske.

¶     Yakan sa jiki rama, ciki ya yi ƙui-ƙui-ƙui yana walƙiya.

¶     Ana shan wahala wajen fitsari, wani zubin fitsarin kan fita tare da jini.

¶      Yakan haifar da kumburewar tsuwayya na maza.

¶     Tsuwayya kan bambanta ta fuskar girma, ɗaya kan rinjayi ɗaya a girma.

¶     ƙaiƙayi a matsematsi.

¶      Akan gudana a kai- a kai wani lokaci ya zama kamar ɗiɗɗira.

¶     Akan yi bayan gida kamar na raƙumi.

¶     Ana samun yawan yin rihi (tusa) barkatai.

¶     Samun kasala a jiki musamman a ji rashin ƙarfi a gaɓoɓi.^[13]

¶     Kan haifar da zogi a ƙafafuwa da guiwa.

Illolin Ciwon Sanyi

Ciwon sanyi idan ya yi jinkiri a jikin mutum ba tare da an sami waraka ba, yana haifar da wasu illoli a jikin marar lafiya mace ko namiji. Illolinsa su ne:

v        Yana haifar da kumburin jiki musamman sanyi na fadama

v        Ciwon ƙafafuwa da rashin kuzari

v       Matsanancin ciwon mara yawanci ga mata da ciwon ciki ga maza.

v       Yana shafar al’adar mata yadda za ta riƙa sassaɓa lokacinta ko ta riƙa yayyankewa.

v        Raunana ƙarfin mazakutar namiji.

v        Hana wa mace samun rabo (ɗaukar juna biyu).

v        Raunana yawa da ƙwarin maniyin namiji, wani lokaci yakan kawo ƙafewar namiji.

Naƙalin Ciwon Sanyi A Mahangar Sarkawa

Sarkawa mutane ne da suka shahara matuƙa wajen ba da taimako na maganin ciwon sanyi. Nau’in sanyin ya haɗa da wanda ake kamuwa da shi sakamakon yawan shiga ruwa, da sanyin aikin fadama da na raɓa da kuma ciwon sanyida ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima’i. A taƙaice, farin sanyi da kuma jan sanyi. Maganin da sukan bayar ya shafi sassan itatuwa daban-daban. Haka kuma akwai ciyayi da ganyaye. Sassan na itatuwa ka iya kasancewa saiwa ko ɓawo ko sassaƙe ko ganyaye na itatuwan, waɗanda ko dai ake tsimawa ko tafasawa ko dakawa domin a sha a kunu ko a fura ko kuma a sha ruwan maganin zalla, da nufin samun waraka daga cutar sanyi.

Yadda mutane suka bambanta, haka magungunan da suke bayarwa suka bambanta. Maganin da wani ya sani, wani bai san shi ba. Tun da haka abin yake, magungunan cutar sanyi da sarkawa ke amfani da su wajen kawar da ita na da yawa kuma mabambanta ne. A kan haka, za a ɗauko wasu misalai na wasu magunguna a bayyana su a cikin wannan muƙala. Gabanin a kawo su, ya kyautu a sani cewa falsafa ko dalilin Sarkawa na ɗebo itatuwan da suke amfani da su shi ne ko dai ya kasance itatuwan suna rayuwa ne a fadama ko cikin ruwa ba tare da sanyin ruwa ya kashe su ba, ko kuma idan aka ɗebi sassaƙe ko saiwan itatuwan za a ga suna da sanyi sosai. Wani lokaci har ruwa yake zuba, idan aka sari itatuwan. Tunanin shi ne, idan dai har sanyi da suke tare da shi bai cuta musu ba, za su iya taimakawa wajen korar sanyi a jikin mutane. Juriyar da suke da ita na sanyi ta samu ne sakamakon wasu sinadarai da ke cikinsu, wanda shi ke hana sanyi cuta musu. Ana ganin sinadaran za su iya gusar da cutar sanyi. Misalan magungunan kuwa su ne:

·                     Magani na sanyin fadama da Sarkawa ke amfani da shi kuma sukan bayar domin samun waraka daga cutar sanyi shi ne na sayyun itacen farar taramniya. Akan karkare su, a kuma ɗebi lingaɓi na sansami ko ganye na itaciyar farar taramniya kimanin dunƙule uku. Ana kuma ɗibar saiwa na itacen taura, da kuma sassaƙen itaciyar gyayya. Waɗannan duka za a saka a tukunya domin a dafu su tare da jar kanwa. Bayan sun tafasa sosai, a sauke tukunya. Idan maganin ya huce, marar lafiya ya sha iya cikinsa. Za a ci gaba da dafa maganin har tukunya uku sannan a zubar da shi.^[14]

·                     Wani misali na maganin ciwon sanyi da Sarkawa ke bayarwa wanda kuma ke maganin sanyi na fadama da na sanyin mata shi ne a sami sayyun itaciyar lukuci, tare da sayyun ƙaidaji^[15], a haɗa su da sassaƙen itacen gyayya. Ana saka duk waɗannan a cikin tukunya tare da kayan koli kamar citta da kanufuri da kimba da ‘ya’yan yaji da acibirma da gangaware, sai a dafa su tukunya biyu zuwa uku. Idan maganin ya huce sai a sha sau uku a rana har zuwa sati ɗaya. Idan ya kasance an haifi marar lafiya da ciwon sanyin ne, to zai riƙa shan maganin a duk lokacin da ya ji ƙishirwa wato ya kasance duk ya buƙaci shan ruwa maganin zai ɗauko ya sha.^[16]

·                     Ana kuma amfani da sansami ko ganye na itacen gudai tare da sassaƙensa, a saka a tukunya, a dafa bayan an jefa jar kanwa a ciki. Dafa maganin za a yi sosai, idan ya huce sai a riƙa sha.

·                     Wani taimako na maganin sanyin mata da na fadama, wanda Sarkawa ke bayarwa ga marasa lafiya shi ne akan sami sayyun lalle. Bayan an wanke ƙasa da ke jikinsu, sai a saka su a cikin tukunya tare da balma. Dafa wannan magani za a yi sosai sannan a sauke tukunya bayan an tabbatar da maganin ya dafu. Ana shan maganin kimanin moɗa ɗaya bayan ya huce. Maganin yana sa a yi zawayi sosai kuma ba a ba mace mai juna biyu domin haɗin maganin yana ƙunshe da sinadarai da ke sa ciki zubewa.^[17]

·                     Idan sanyin mata ne irin wanda ke sanya tsuwayya (‘ya’yan marena) su kumbura, suna ciwo, Sarkawa kan ba da magani. Misali na wani magani da wasu daga cikin Sarkawa sukan bayar kuwa shi ne sai a sami tsiro na damaigi a ciro shi gaba ɗaya har saiwa. Ana kakkaɓe shi sosai domin koyaushe ana tarar da cinnaka ko kiyashi tare da shi. Saɓa shi a turmi za a yi a kuma shanya ya bushe, sannan a sake daka shi sai ya zama gari sosai. Wannan garin za a riƙa ɗiba kwatancin babban cokali ɗaya, a riƙa zuba shi a cikin kunu ko fura, mai rashin lafiya ya riƙa sha sau biyu a wuni, safe da yamma. Wannan magani yana da inganci sosai kuma ana samun biyan buƙata.^[18]

Ciwon sanyi da aka haifi mutum da shi, ana maganinsa ta hanyar ɗebo wani hakin ruwa da ake kira yaɗiyar ruwa. Dafa ta ake yi tare da jar kanwa da kuma ganyen itacen gwaiba, sai maganin ya tafasa sosai sannan a sauke tukunya. Ana samun kashin ƙadangare, irin farin kashin nan nasa, sai a jiƙa shi a moɗa sai ya jiƙa sannan a ɗan zuba ruwansa kaɗan a cikin wancan maganin da aka dafa, sai a sha. Idan ba da ciwon sanyin aka haifi mutum ba, ba sai an saka kashin ƙadangare a cikin maganin ba. Haɗa maganin da kashin na ƙadangare yana sa a yi amai don haka ba a kwankwaɗar maganin da yawa.^[19]

Wasu daga cikin Sarkawa na da ra’ayin cewa ciwon sanyi kan haddasa ciwon ciki. Irin wannan ciwon ciki, ko da marar lafiya ya sha maganin ciwon ciki irin wanda aka saba da shi ba za a sami sauƙi ba kuma ko da an samu sauƙin, na wani ɗan lokaci ne.^[20] Da yake cutar sanyi ta haddasa ciwon cikin, maganinsa sai ya haɗa da maganin sanyi. Domin samun waraka daga wannan irin ciwon ciki, Sarkawa kan bayar da magani. Maganin da suke bayarwa shi ne: Ana samun saƙesaƙin zogala wanda za a jiƙa a cikin ruwan tsagaro mai tsami, a saka jar kanwa a ciki sai ya jiƙa sosai sannan mai wannan rashin lafiya ya riƙa sha har sai ya sami sauƙi.^[21]

Mara wani ɓangare ne najikin mutum wanda bagirensa ke tsakanin cibiya da kuma inda al’aura take. Da yawa mata da maza kan yi fama da ciwon mara amma dai ciwon ya fi yawaita a tsakanin jinsin mata. Wani lokaci ciwon jan sanyi ne kan haddasa ciwon mara. Masu fama da ciwon za su riƙa jin kamar ana sukar su a mara, mara ta riƙa murɗa. Wani lokaci za a ga mace ta faɗi kwance tana wulle-wulle musamman idan ciwon ya yi tsanani. Cutar kan haddasa al’adar mata da suka saba da ita wata-wata ta riƙa sassaɓawa ga yawan kwanaki ko ta riƙa karkatsewa, ta riƙa ɗaukewa tana dawowa. Haka ma cutar kan sa al’adar mace ta ɗauke, mace ta ɗauki dogon lokaci ba tare da ta ga al’ada ba. Uwa uba, cutar kan hana masu fama da ita musamman mata samun rabo, wato ta hana mace ɗaukar ciki.

Sarkawa sun shahara matuƙa wajen ba da taimako na maganin wannan cuta. Misali na wani magani da wasu kan bayar domin samun waraka daga cutar ciwon mara shi ne:

Ana ɗebo sayyu na itaciyar farin ice, a yanka su guntu-guntu daidai yadda za a iya saka su a cikin tukunya. Dafa sayyun za a yi tare da jar kanwa domin kunu za a yi na maganin. Ana samun gero kimanin rabin tiya ɗaya, sai a surfe shi sannan a shanya shi. Bayan ya sha iska, sai a dake geron tare da ƙwara huɗu-huɗu na barkono da citta da kimba, sannan a tankaɗe shi. Ana kuma samun toka ta murhu (habɗi), ita ma a tankaɗe ta sosai. Za a riƙa ɗibar tokar da yatsun hannun dama har sau tara, kowace ɗiba za a yi sai a yi ‘Bisimilla’, sannan a haɗe tokar cikin garin gero da aka tanada. Ana raba garin geron kashi huɗu domin za a yi kwana huɗu ana yin kunun maganin. Idan za a ɗora tukunyar maganin a wuta, ana zuba ruwa kimanin tiya biyu a ciki, tare da saka jar kanwa. Lokacin da maganin ya dafu, sai a ɗauko kashi ɗaya na garin gero, a dama, a yi kunu da marar lafiya zai sha. Haka za a yi har sau huɗu. A rana ta huɗu in aka fahinci cewa ruwan da ya rage ba ya isa yin kunu, sai a ƙara kohi ɗaya na ruwa cikin maganin sannan a yi kunu.^[22]

Sakamakon Bincike

Al’adance, maganin gargajiya a al’ummar Hausawa abu ne na sirri wanda ba kowa ake bari ya san gindinsa ba sai tsakanin iyaye da ‘ya’yansu. Ma’ana sanin gindin magani gadon sa ake yi kuma abu ne da ake riƙewa a cikin sirri ba a barin saninsa a sarari sai dai ɓoye. Ko a tsakanin iyaye da ‘ya’yansu, ba a faye barin ɗa ya san tushen magani ba sai ya yi biyayya kuma ya nace da tambayar iyaye. Wani lokaci ko da an yi hakan, akan buƙaci ɗan ya ɗan bayar da wani ‘goro’ ko da ƙanƙani ne kafin a sanar da shi wani tushen magani. Idan ba a sami ‘ya’ya masu kula da tambaya ba, dattijo masanin magunguna masu muhimmanci, kan ƙaura, ya tafi da iliminsa na magunguna, ya kasance al’umma ta yi hasarar gaske.

Idan aka yi la’akari da yadda wannan hali yake, wannan muƙala ba ƙaramar nasara ta yi ba wajen tattaro wasu muhimman magungunan gargajiya masu fa’ida wajen warkar da cutar sanyi walau sanyin fadama ko na mata da kuma ciwon mara. Wannan ba ƙaramin taimakawa zai yi ba wajen adana waɗannan magunguna wanda yin haka zai kuɓutar da su daga haɗarin salwanta.

Kammalawa

A wannan muƙala an yi ƙoƙari wajen binciko irin gudunmawa da Sarkawa ke bayarwa ga sha’anin kiwon lafiya na gargajiya a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Muƙalar ta karkatar da akalarta wajen cutar sanyi, yadda Sarkawa ke kallon ta da kuma yadda suke magance ta. Wannan wani ƙaramin ɓangare ne daga cikin irin fannoni da cututtuka da Sarkawa ke bayar da taimako a gargajiyance domin magance su. Ra’ayin wannan muƙala ne cewa ta fuskar kiwon lafiya na gargajiya, Sarkawa ba ƙashin jefarwa ba ne domin akwai cututtuka da dama da suke taimakawa wajen warkar da su. Tun da haka ne kuwa, ashe kenan akwai ruwa mai tarin yawa a ƙasa sai dai idan ba a tona ba. A kan haka ne nake hasashen cewa idan aka zurfafa bincike a kan gudunmawar Sarkawa ga kiwon lafiyar al’umma ta Hausawa, za a tarar cewa suna da muhimmayar rawar da suke takawa a fannonin kiwon lafiya kamar riga-kafi da ceton rayuwa idan aka sami haɗari a ruwa da bayar da maganin waraka da suka haɗa da wasu cutuka na fatar jiki da kafewar hakin kifi a maƙogwaro da maganin iska. Haka ma a wajensu ‘yan masu ganye suke samun kitse da fatu na wasu dabbobin ruwa da kifi, waɗanda ake haɗawa wajen magunguna daban-daban, musamman magungunan tsafi.

Ya dace ainun masana kimiyyar haɗa magunguna su haɗa guiwa da Sarkawa domin sanin irin itatuwan da suke amfani da su wajen magance cututuka daban-daban da nufin binciken sinadaran da magungunan suka ƙunsa da nufin gano ƙima na yawan maganin da ya kamata marar lafiya ya sha, da kuma lokacin da ya kamata a ɗauka ana shan maganin. Wannan ne abin da wani maganin gargajiya ya rasa kuma yin haka zai kawo sauƙi da kiwon lafiya mai rahusa wanda zai haifar da cigaba mai ɗorewa.

Manazarta

Abraham, R.C. (1975) Dictionary of Hausa Language. London: University Press

Ahmad, A. 1984 “Cututtukan Ciki da Magungunansu” B.A. Project,Kano: Bayero University,

Bargery, G.P. 1993 A Hausa-English Dictionary And English-Hausa Vocabulary. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.

Bunza, A.M. 1990 “ Hayaƙi Fid Da Na Kogo ( Nazarin Siddabaru da Sihirin Hausawa)”KundinDigiri na Biyu, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Bunza, A.M. 1995 “ Magani A Rubuce: Nazarin Ayyukan Malaman Tsibbu” Kundin Digiri naUku, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Bunza, A.M. 2006 Gadon Feɗe Al’ada. Lagos:Tiwal Publishers Ltd.

CNHN, 2006 Ƙamusun Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayero. Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya,Kano:Jami’ar Bayero, Kano.

Etkin, N.L. and P.J. Ross 1982 “Food as Medicine, Medicine as Food: An Adaptive Frameworkfor the Interpretation of Plant Utilisation Among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria.”Social Science and Medicine, 16: 1559-73

Hamza, M.W. 1977 “ Magungunan Hausa.” Kundin Digiri Na Farko,Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Jinju, M.H. 1990 Maganin Gargajiya Na Afirka Tare Da Mai Da Ƙarfi Kan Nazarin ItatuwanMagani Na Hausa.Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation Ltd

Jinju, M.H. 1992, “Hanyoyin Warkarwa A Ƙasar Hausa” Journal of Hausa StudiesKano: CSNL, Bayero University.

Muhammad, H. 1993 “Cututtuka da Magungunan Yara a Bahaushiyar Al’ada.” Kano: B.A. Project, Bayero University.

Muhammad, A.L. 1981 “Ciwo Da Magani Ga Bahaushe” cikin Harshe da Adabi da Al’adun Hausawa. Kano: CSNL, Bayero University.

Sa’id, B. 1997 “Kwatanci-Faɗi: Tasirin Harshe A Tsibbun Bahaushe.” cikin Harsunan Nijeriya Vol.xviii Kano: CNHN, Bayero University.

Surajuddin A.A. 1988 “Hanyoyin Warkar da Cuta A Bahaushiyar Al’ada.” Kundin Digiri Farko, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Umar, S. 1997 “Tasirin Magungunan Hausawa ga Al’ummar Hausawa.” B.A. Project, Sokoto: Usmanu ɗanfodiyo University.

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[1] Galibi mutanen da suka yi haye wato suka koyi sana’a daga baya ba tare da sun gada daga iyaye da kakanni ba, ba su faye samun asiri na sana’ar ba saboda yawanci sha’anin magani an fi yaɗa iliminsa ne daga iyaye zuwa ga ‘ya’ya da jikoki.

[2] Duba Jinju, M.H. 1990 Maganin Gargajiya Na Afirka Tare Da Mai Da Ƙarfi A Kan Nazarin Itatuwan Magani Na Hausa. Gaskiya Corporation Limited, Zaria. Shafi na 12. Da Bunza, A.M. 1989 “Hayaƙi Fid Da Na Kogo (Nazarin Siddabaru Da Sihirin Hausawa)” Kundin Digiri na Biyu, Jami’ara Bayero, Kano. Shafi na149-153.

[3] Ana amfani da waɗansu kifaye da kitse ko fata na wasu halittun ruwa domin haɗa maganin gargajiya ko dai na waraka daga wasu cututuka ko kuma na yin maganin tsafi ko na biyan baƙatun rayuwarɗan’adam.

[4] Duba Alkali, M.B. (1969) “A Hausa Community In Crisis: Kebbi in the Nineteenth Century.” M.A. Thesis, A.B.U. Zaria. Shafi na 29-30.

[5] Bargery, G.P. (1934) A Hausa English Dictionary And English Hausa Vocabulary. Oxford University Press, London.

[6]Fito na nufin ɗibar mutane da kaya a cikin kwalekwale ko duk wani jirgin ruwa domin tsallakar da su daga wannan mashaya ta gulbi zuwa waccan, ko yin sufurin su daga wannan mashigin ruwa na wani gari ko ƙauye zuwa wani mashigin ko mashawa. Wato dai wata hanya ce zirga-zirgar sufuri ta hanyar ruwa.

[7]An samo wannan bayani ne daga Lisanul Arab Na Ibn Manzur a adireshin intanet https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki. Dr. Aminu Umar na sashen Arabic Medium, COE Maru ya fassara.

[8] CNHN 2006 Ƙamusun Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayero. Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero ,Kano. Shafi na 81.

[9] Bunza, A.M. 1989 “Hayaƙi Fid Da Na Kogo ( Nazarin Siddabaru da Sihirin Hausawa)” Kundin Digiri Na Biyu, Jami’ar Bayero, kano. Shafi na 132.

[10] T.D.A.S. Shafi na 134

[11] Bunza, A.M. 1995 “ Magani A Rubuce: Nazarin Ayyukan Malaman Tsibbu.” Kundin Digiri na Uku, Jami’ar Bayero, Kano. Shafi na 45.

[12] Wani zai yi matuƙar mamakin abin da ya kai Sarkawa ga bada maganin cutar da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima’i. Dalilin haka shi ne cutar sanyi ko dai na fadama ko na mata duk sukan shafi hanyar mafitsara ne (Urinary track infection). Tunanin shi ne, tun da wuri ɗaya suke raunanawa, maganin wannan zai taimaka wajen gusar da wancan.

[13] Na sami waɗannan a wurin Sarkawa da dama kamar Fadaman Falale, Fadama shehu, da Sarkin Ruwan Romon Sarki, Mai Ruwa Bala, a hirar da na yi da su a garuruwansu, lokata mabambanta.

[14] Hira da mai Ruwa Bala Barga a garin Barga, ƙaramar hukumar mulkin Tambawal, jihar Sakkwato. Ranar Assabar, 12/06/2010.

[15] Ƙaidaji da lukuci itace ne da kan fito galibi bakin rafi. Ƙaidaji yana da ƙaya a jikinsa kuma ya so ya yi kama da gumbi ko ɗunɗu. Lukuci kuwa ba ya ƙaya kuma ganyayensa kan yi labe-labe ne.

[16] Hira da Bala Mai Ruwa Romon Sarki, ƙaramar hukumar mulkin Tambawal, jihar Sakkwato, ranar Assabar, 12/06/ 2010.

[17] Wannan maganin na tarar da mahaifina yana bayar da shi kuma ana samun biyan buƙata sosai tun ma ba a ce ga mata masu fama da ciwon mara ba.

[18] Na sami wannan magani a wajen yayana, marigayi Fadama Yahaya ( Allah Ya jiƙansa).

[19] Hira da Alh. Hussaini Sa’idu Kesi, unguwar Bajana a garin Gayari, ƙaramar hukumar mulkin Gummi, jihar Zamfara ranar Assabar, 22/05/2010.

[20] An sami wannan bayani a wajen Alhaji Maibirgi Falam da Alh. Hussaini Sa’idu Kesi Gayari, a hirar da aka yi da su a garin Falam da Gayari, ranar Lahadi, 06/05/2010, da kuma ranar Assabar 12/06/2010.

[21] An sami bayanin wannan magani a wajen Alhaji Maibirgi Falam a hirar da aka yi da shi ranar Lahadi, 06/05/2010.

[22] Hira da Sarkin Ruwan Bakura, Alh. Ibrahim Nabagudu a gidansa da ke unguwar Ɗangarke, Bakura, jihar Zamfara ranar Talata, 06/06/2011.

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