Sarkanci is an age-long Hausa occupation that is primarily concern with artisan fishing which provides the much-needed protein that the human body requires for its growth and development. Allah in His infinite bounties has enriched some parts of Hausa land with a number of water bodies in the forms of rivers, lakes, streams, dams, and ponds. There is abundant fish species stocked in these waters and a substantial number of people are engaged in harnessing the fish resources. However, there are emergent issues of concern that poses great challenges to this Hausa occupation. These issues are none other than desert encroachment and global warming which leads to floods and the desiccation of lakes and other water bodies. This poses a serious threat to the age long important occupation. The Sarkawa who are professional fishermen has taken a number of security measures aimed at conserving and ensuring equitable access to the dwindling resources in order to prevent overexploitation. It is therefore the wish of this paper to explore the traditional effort of the Sarkawa in this regard.
Gudunmuwar Sarkawa A Fagen
Tsaro Da Kare Albarkatun Ruwa
DR. MUSA
FADAMA GUMMI
Email: gfmusa24@gmail.com
Phone No.: 07065635983
TSAKURE
Sarkanci sana’a ce ta kamun
kifi wadda wani rukuni na al’ummar Hausawa ta daɗe tana aiwatarwa a matsayin
hanya ta neman abinci. Sana’ar tana samar da kifi, wata halittar ruwa da take ƙunshe da sinadarai da jikin Ɗan’adam yake buƙata domin ginuwa da inganta
lafiyar jiki. Allah a cikin nasa iko ya albarkaci ƙasar Hausa da albarkatun ruwa
na gulabe da tafukka da ƙoramu da madatsu. A cikin
wannan ruwa, Allah ya rayar da kifi nau’uka daban-daban. Albarkacin waɗannan albarkatu da Allah ya
huwace wa ƙasar ne ya sanya waɗansu jama’a suka duƙufa wajen tatsar albarkatun
ruwa na ƙasar. A halin yanzu wannan sana’a da ruwa da ma
albarkatun da ke cikinsa na fuskantar barazana daga sauyin yanayi wanda
gurgusowar Hamada da kuma ɗumamar yanayi yake haifarwa. Sauyin yanayin kan
haifar da ƙeƙashewar tafukka da gurabu na
gulabe. Dalili ke nan da ya sa Sarkawa suka ɗauki matakai na tsimi da
tsaro da kare albarkatun ruwa domin kare su daga salwanta da kuma alƙinta ruwa. Nufin wannan maƙala ne ta kalli wannan
gudunmuwa da Sarkawa suke bayarwa domin cigaba da ɗorewar sana’arsu.
1.0 Gabatarwa
Sarkanci sana’a ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwar
Hausawa wadda kuma ta daɗe wani rukuni na al’ummar
Hausawa na aiwatar da ita a matsayin hanya ta neman abinci da biyan wasu buƙatu na rayuwa. Abu ne tabbatacce
cewa, sha’anin Sarkanci ba ya gudana sai wurin da ake samun albarkar ruwa na
koguna da gulabe da tafukka da ƙoramu. Allah cikin Nasa iko da buwaya Ya albarkaci
ƙasar
Hausa da albarkatun ruwa na koguna kamar kogin Kwara da ya ratso ƙasashe da dama na yammacin
Afirka, ciki har da Nijeriya. Kogin ya shigo Nijeriya ne ta wajajen Bahindi ta ƙaramar hukumar mulkin Bagudo
a jihar Kabi. Haka ma akwai gulabe kamar gulbin Haɗejiya da gulbin Kaduna da
gulbin Rima da gulbin Bunsuru da Gagare da gulbin Zamfara da gulbin Ka da
sauransu. Akwai tafukka da dama waɗanda sana’ar sarkanci na gudana a cikinsu.
Misalinsu ya haɗa da tafkin Chadi a ƙasar Barno, tafkin Nato a
Bakura ta jihar Zamfara da tafkin Saru a Gummi ta jihar Zamfara da tafkin
Kalmalo a Illela, jihar Sakkwato. Hukumomi daban-daban a lokuta mabambanta sun
gina madatsun ruwa a wasu wurare na wannan ƙasa kuma madatsun ruwan na
taimakawa matuƙa wajen yauƙaƙa sana’ar sarkanci. Misalin madatsun ruwan ya haɗa da Daɗin kowa a jihar Gombe da
Bakalori a jihar Zamfara da Chalawa a jihar Kano da Goronyo a jihar Sakkwato da
kuma uwa uba, babbar madatsar ruwa ta Kainji a jihar Neja .
A halin yanzu waɗannan albarkatun ruwa da Allah ya shimfiɗa a wannan ƙasa suna fuskantar barazana
daga sauyi da ake samu dangane da ɗumamayar yanayi da kutsen da Hamada take yi a
wasu yankunan ƙasar Hausa musamman wasu jihohi na yankin arewa maso yamma mai maƙwabtaka da Sahel, yanki mai
fama da ƙaranci ruwan sama da fari lokaci-lokaci. Lamarin ɗumamar yanayi na haifar da ƙamfar ruwan sama a wasu
lokuta, wani lokaci kuwa a sami ruwa mai yawan gaske wanda kan wanzar da
ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Wannan ba ƙaramin tasiri yake da shi ba
a kan lamarin Sarkanci.(Ipinjolu da Wasu, B.S.)
A kan haka ne wannan maƙala take son ta karkatar da
akalarta wajen ƙyallaro irin matakan tsaro da Sarakawa suke ɗauka a fagen kariya ga ruwa
da albarkatunsa domin samar da tsaro ga tattalin da ake yi na wadata ƙasa da abinci mai inganci da
kuma tsaro na tabbatar da ɗorewar sana’ar sarkanci wadda ke samar da aikin yi ga masu aiwatar
da ita, ta kare masu mutuncinsu, musamman abin da ya shafi bunƙasa tattalin arziƙinsu da na al’ummar da suke
zaune a cikinta.
Gabanin a fayyace irin rawar
da Sarkawa suke takawa a fagen tsaro da kare ruwa da albarkatunsa, ya dace a yi
tsokaci dangane da asali da kuma ma’anar Sarkanci.
2.0 Asali Da Ma’anar Sarkanci
A bisa asali, kalmar Sarkanci ba Bahaushiya ba
ce, an samo ta ne daga kalmar ‘Sorko’, wata al’umma ta daular Sanwai (Songhai).
Wannan al’umma ta shahara matuƙa wajen sha’anin kamun kifi a kogin Kwara da
kuma fadamar nan yalwatacciya da ke raɓe da kogin. Domin samun ƙarin yalwataccen wurin da za
su aiwatar da sana’arsu ta kamun kifi, sannu a hankali Sorko suka riƙa gurgusowa, suka gwamutso
har ƙasar Kabi wadda take da yalwar fadamar nan da ta raɓi gulbi Kabi da kuma tafukkan
da ke kusa. Ƙaurar tasu kuwa ta fara ne tun wajajen ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya (Ƙ. 11) har zuwa ƙarni na goma sha tara (Ƙ.19). Sannu a hankali sai
al’ummar Sorko suka saje da al’ummar da suka tarar a Kabi. Kasancewar ‘Sorko’
sun zo da dabaru da kayan kamun kifi mafi inganci idan aka kwatanta su da kayan
aiki da dabarun da suka tarar ana amfani da su a Kabi, ya sa aka sami sauyi mai
yawa dangane da harkar kamun kifi. Misalin sauyin da aka samu sakamakon zuwan
Sorko a Kabi shi ne sauya sunan sana’ar kamun kifi zuwa ‘Sarkanci’. Wato tushen
kalmar ya samo asali daga ‘Sorko’, aka yi mata ‘yan sauye-sauye na shafe
wasalin ‘o’ aka sanya ‘a’, ya koma ‘Sark’. An kuma sanya ɗafa ƙeya na ‘anci’, aka sami
‘Sarkanci’(Fadama, 2015:173).
Ta fuskar ma’ana kuwa, Bargery, (1934:92) gani
yake cewa Basarke shi ne masunci ko mai fito da kwalekwale. Idan Basarke na
nufin mai kamun kifi, to kuwa Sarkanci suna ne na sana’ar kamun kifi, yayin da
kalmar Sarkawa ke nufin masu aiwatar da sana’ar kamun kifi. A wurin Alkali,
(1969:30) Sarkanci kalma ce da tun a wajajen ƙarni na goma sha tara (Ƙ. 19) ta ɗauki ma’anar ƙwarewa kan sana’ar su. Don
haka duk Bakaben da yake yin wannan sana’a ake kiransa Basarke. Da wannan
bayani, ana iya cewa Sarkanci na nufin ƙwarewa a kan sana’ar kamun
kifi da kuma kambaɗar dabbobin ruwa da ake
kamawa domin abinci da kuma sarrafa sassan jikinsu a matsayin ko dai maganin
gargajiya ko mahaɗi na magani. Misalin dabbobin
ya haɗa da kada da ayyu da dorina
da karen ruwa da dai sauransu. Sarkawa mutane ne da suka ƙware a sha’anin kamun kifi
kuma galibi ba su da wata sana’a da ta shige kamun kifi rani da damina. Sarkawa
sun shahara matuƙa wajen sarrafa ruwa da albarkatun cikinsa ta duk yadda suke so.
Misali suna iya hana shan ruwa ko hana kifi dafuwa da sa ƙayar kifi ta maƙale a maƙogwaron wani yayin da yake
cin kifi da dai sauransu. Haka ma Sarkawa ba kanwar lasa ba ne a fagen kiwon
lafiya na gargajiya. Suna ba da maganin sanyi da cire ƙayar kifi idan ta laƙe a baki ko maƙogwaro. Suna bayar da maganin
Iska da magungunan cututtukan fatar jiki da na cututtukan da ake iya ɗauka sakamakon sha ko shiga gurɓataccen ruwa.
Allah a cikin ikonsa ya albarkaci Nijeriya da
ruwa mai tarin yawa wanda masana suka ƙiyasta cewa yana shinfiɗe a doron ƙasa kuma ya mamaye yawan filin
da ya kai kimanin kadada miliyan goma sha huɗu. (Ipinjolu da Wasu, B.S.) Dalilin yawan
albarkar ruwa da ke akwai ne ya sanya ake samun mutane masu yawa da suke harkar
kamun kifi da kuma sarrafa shi. FDF (2008) a binciken Ipinjolu da Wasu, (B.S.)
sun gano cewa, fiye da mutane miliyan takwas ne suke sana’ar kamun kifi a
Nijeriya, sannan wasu miliyan goma sha takwas suna aikin sarrafa kifi da
kasuwancinsa. Daga cikin wannan adadi, akwai Sarkawa masu tarin yawa waɗanda suke warwatse a cikin
jihohin arewa inda sana’ar kamun kifi take gudana baya ga jihar Kabi inda nan
ne suka fi yawa. Duba da irin yawan adadin mutanen da ke da ruwa da tsaki a
wannan harka ta kamun kifi da kuma lura da irin barazanar da wannan sana’a take
fuskanta ya janyo hankalin maƙala na duba irin rawar da Sarkawa suke takawa
wajen kare ruwa da albarkatunsa ta yadda sana’ar za ta ɗore, a samar wa jama’ar ƙasa abinci mai gina jiki.
Kafin duƙufa a ciki, ya dace a kalli irin barazanar da sana’ar take
fuskanta.
3.0 Barazana Da Sarkanci Ke
Fuskanta
A halin yanzu sana’ar Sarkanci tana ja da baya
sakamakon barazanar da take fuskanta na matsaloli da suka dabaibaye yawan kifi
da ragowar nau’ukansa da kuma bushewar tafukka dalilin ɗumamar yanayi da gurgusowar
Hamada da kuma yawan ambaliyar ruwa da ake samu daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.
3.1 Ɗumamar Yanayi
Ɗumamar yanayi lamari ne na
sauyin yanayi wanda aka ce yana samuwa sakamakon yawaitar gurɓatacciyar iska da ake kira carbon
a sarari. Hayaƙi da ke fita daga abubuwan hawa kamar motoci da babura da sauran
na’urori na masana’antu kan haddasa ƙarin iskar carbon. Hakan zai
sa yanayi ya sauya, a sami yawaitar zafi. Iskar mai zafi kan yi lahani ga yanar
da ke yi wa duniya kariya daga zafin rana (Ozon layer), sai zafi ya yawaita. (www.nrdc.org/globalwarming)
Ɗumamar
yanayi wani al’amari ne da yake yi wa al’umma barazana. Masana kimiyya sun lura
da cewa a sakamakon ɗumamar yanayi ana samun ƙarin yawaitar zafi a wurare
da dama na duniya ciki har da Nijeriya. A cewarsu, tun daga shekarar 1980 zuwa
yanzu, bayan kowace shekara goma, ana samun ƙarin yawaitar zafi da adadinsa
ya kai kimanin 0.2oc na ma’aunin zafi na santigired (Osborn, 2010).
Masana sun haƙiƙance irin illar da wannan ke yi ga rayuwar kifi. Yawan zafi na
haifar da ƙaranci iska mai sanyi ta oksijin wadda ke taimaka wa rayuwar
kifi. Ƙarancin wannan iskar na tauye yawan hayayyafar kifi da takura wa
kifin. Hakan haƙiƙa yana haifar da ƙaranci kifi sosai (Ipinjolu, da Wasu, B.S.). Ƙarancin kifi kuwa ba ƙaramar barazana ba ce ga ɗorewar sana’ar Sarkanci da
kuma yunƙurin tsare ƙasa ta fuskar tanadar wa al’umma abinci mai gina jiki.
Ko baya ga wannan, wata illa da ɗumamar yanayi ke haifarwa ita
ce ƙarancin
ruwan sama da yake sauka. Wannan ba ƙaramar takurawa ba ce ga yawaitar
kifi domin kuwa ba ya rayuwa sai a cikin ruwa don haka rashin ruwa na wanzar da
naƙasu ga
yawan halittar kifi. A wasu lokuta kuma ɗumamar yanayi kan haddasa yawaitar ruwan sama
da ake samu ya sauka a shekara ta yadda har za a sami ambaliya na ruwan gulabe
da tafukka. Ambaliyar kan iya haɓaka wanzuwar kifi da yawaitarsa amma kuma a
cewar masana kamar Ipinjolu da Wasu (B.S.) ana iya samun yanayi da ambaliyar
ruwan sama take haifar da yawaita ƙaurar da kifi ke yi daga
wannan ruwa zuwa wancan. Wannan kuwa zai haddasa ƙarancin kifi a wurare ko
yankunan da ke saman tudu inda babu albarkar ruwa mai yawa.
3.2 Gurgusowar Hamada
Hamada wani yanki ne na ƙasa, mai yawan rairayi da ƙarancin bishiyoyi. (CNHN,
2006:191) Yanayi na ƙeƙashewar ƙasa da yawaitar rairayi tare da ƙarancin bishiyoyi wani lamari
ne da ke yi wa wasu sassa na Nijeriya ta arewa kutse. Yanayin yana wanzuwa ne sakamakon
saran itatuwa da bishiyoyi da ake yi barkatai domin samun makamashi ko faɗaɗa filayen noma. Gurgusowa,
kutse ko gwamutsen da Hamada take yi a waɗansu jihohi na arewacin Nijeriya ba ƙaramar barazana yake yi ba ga
sha’anin sana’ar Sarkanci. Dalili kuwa shi ne tafukka da aka san suna shekara
da ruwa ba tare da sun ƙafe ba sai a tarar a yanzu suna ƙafewa. Barazanar ƙafewa da shahararren tafkin
nan na Chadi ke fuskanta da kuma tafkin Kalmalo a cikin ƙaramar hukumar mulkin Illela
jihar Sakkwato da ma wasu tafukka da dama a gundumar Sakkwato wani babban
misali ne. Ƙafewar taffuka na haddasa illa mai tarin yawa ga sha’anin Sarkanci.
Na farko yana sa a sami ƙaranci kifi don kuwa ruwa ne marayarsa. Haka kuma yana haddasa ƙarancin wuraren da kifi kan
yi hijira domin hayayyafa a lokacin damina da yake yakan kauce wa inda ruwa
yake da ƙarfi (ruwan da kan yi gudu suna kwarara da ƙarfi kamar na koguna da
gulabe) ya zuwa inda ba ya da ƙarfi (ruwan da yake kwance kuma ba ya gudana
sosai kamar na tafukka) don ya fi dacewa da inda zai zuba ƙwayaƙwansa da renon ƙanƙananan ‘ya’ya da aka ƙyanƙyasa.
3.3 Matsalar Zaizayar Ƙasa
Zaizayar ƙasa hali ne da ƙarfin ruwa ko iska suke
kwashe ƙasa, yashi ko dutse daga wannan bigire ko muhalli zuwa wani na
daban. Ɗaya daga cikin babbar barazana da sana’ar Sarkanci take fuskanta
ita ce ta kwararar da yashi ko rairayi yake yi a cikin tafukka sakamakon
kwasarsa da ruwan damina yake yi daga cikin karkara da dazuzukan da ke kewaye
da tafukkan zuwa cikin fadamu yayin da ruwan yake dararewa ko kwarara a fadama.
Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon yashin da dabbobi ke tayarwa yayin da suke
yawace-yawace a dazuzuka lokacin kiwo. Hanyoyin da suke bi kan bayar da kafa ta
zama magudanun ruwan sama zuwa cikin fadama. Wannan yashi ko rairayi kan
kwarara tare da ruwan a cikin fadama. Da kaɗan-kaɗan sannu a hankali, sai a tarar yashin ya cika
tafukka ta yadda zurfinsu zai ragu. Hakan yana nufin tafukkan ba za su iya tara
ruwa mai yawa ba sakamakon cikewarsu. Ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci bayan wucewar
damina, sa’ilin da iskar hunturu ta fara kaɗawa, sai tafukkan su bushe. Akwai misalai da
dama na tafukka da ke fuskantar irin wannan barazana. Tafkin Ƙardaji da ke ƙasar Falale a ƙaramar hukumar mulki ta
Gummi, jihar Zamfara, wani babban misali ne. Kusan shekara talatin da ta wuce,
wannan tafki ba ya ƙafewa komai tsanani da tsawon rani a duk shekara kuma tafki ne da
ake samun nau’ukan kifaye daban-daban a cikinsa kama daga ramboshi har zuwa
giwar ruwa. A halin yanzu, tafkin ba ya shekara da ruwa. Tun a wajajen watan
Afrilu tafkin kan ƙafe, ya bushe. Madadin kamun kifi a waɗannan wurare, yanzu sai dai a
tarar da Fulani suna kiwon dabbobinsu a ciki. Hasali ma, yashin da ake gini da
shi a Gummi, galibi cikin tafkin ake haƙo shi. Ba nan kaɗai ba, ko a garin Maru ta
jihar Zamfara akwai tafukka da a shekarun baya maƙil suke da ruwa kuma wasu
daga cikinsu ba sa ƙafewa komai rani, sannan harkar kamun kifi na gudana a cikinsu rani
da damina. A halin yanzu tafukkan da hannaye na gulbi sun ƙafe kaf! Ba sa ajiye ruwa
domin yashi ya cike su. Waɗannan tafukka sun haɗa da Tayaƙi da Maigarke da Zangina.
Hannayen gulbi kuwa waɗanda lamarin ya shafa a Maru,
su ne Babban kandam da Dogon marke.
Ba matsalar cikewar tafukka kaɗai wannan kan haifar ba.
Yayin da ruwan sama yake kwarara zuwa fadamu, yakan kwaso yaye-yayen hakukuwa da
busasshen ganyayen itatuwa daban-daban, ya kawo a cikin ruwa. Wannan a wasu
lokuta kan haifar da gurɓatar ruwan da ke kwance a
fadamu. Sakamakon haka sai ya haifar da mutuwar kifaye daban-daban musamman
farin kifi da bai faye jure rayuwa a ruwa gurɓatacce ba, wato abin nan da Sarkawa kan kira ‘Ago’.
Wannan kuwa yana taimakawa matuƙa wajen rage yawa ko adadin halittar kifi da ke
rayuwa a cikin wannan ruwa.
4.0 Matakan Sarkawa na Kariya
Da Tsaro
. Sarkawa mutane ne masu hazaƙa da ƙwazo kuma masu matuƙar kiyayewa da lura dangane
da abubuwan da ke faruwa a muhallinsu. Wannan ya sanya suka fahimci irin
barazanar da sana’ar take fuskanta don haka suka ɗauki matakai na kare sana’arsu daga salwanta da
kuma ƙara neman hanyoyi na rage illar da matsalolin kan haifar da kuma
samar da tsaro ga ruwa da nufin alƙinta shi da kare mummunar
tatsar albarkatun ruwa da ake yi. Yunƙurin nasu na taimakawa wajen
kiyayewa da tsaron al’umma ta fuskar samar da abinci mai gina jiki. A wannan
sashe na wannan maƙala, za a yi tsokaci dangane da ire-iren matakai da Sarkawa suke ɗauka ta wannan haujin.
4.1 Hana Aiwatar Da Su Sai
Tare Da Izni.
Hukumomi daban-daban a
yankunan da sana’ar Sarkanci ke gudana kan yi ƙoƙarin samar da dokoki dangane
da abin da ya shafi tatsar albarkatun ruwa wato abin da ake kira da Ingilishi
‘Fishing Edict’. To amma wani hanzari ba gudu ba game da dokokin nan shi ne
cewa babu wata hukumar tsaro da aka tanada domin tabbatar da al’umma na mutunta
tare da kiyaye dokokin sau da ƙafa. Akasarin wannan aiki na tabbatar da ana
bin dokokin ya rataya ne ɗungurungun a kan Sarakunan
ruwa da sauran mutane masu riƙe da muƙamai daban-daban da suka jiɓinci harkar kamun kifi kamar
Homa da Sarkin taru da Fadama da Kamba da dai sauransu. Wannan dalili ne ya
sanya Sarakunan ruwa da muƙarrabansu suke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen
tabbatar da ana aiki da waɗannan sharuɗɗa da dokokin da hukuma kan
sanya.
Daga cikin hanyoyin da suke bi wajen tabbatar
da kiyaye dokar hana mummunan yawaitar tatsar albarkatun ruwa ko yawaita su shi
ne ta hanyar ƙayyade lokutan da za a yi su a wuraren da ake da albarkatun ruwa.
Yadda suke yin haka kuwa shi ne ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa masu kamun kifi ba
za su je wurin su a wani tafki ko ruwa ba sai tare da iznin Sarkin ruwa. A
yawancin yankunan da sana’ar Sarkanci take tashe, ba wai haka kawai masunci zai
kama kayan aikinsa ya faɗa ruwa ba, sai ya sami yarda
tare da amincewar Sarkin ruwa ko waƙilinsa. Sarkawa kan yi haka
ne domin su hana jama’arsu yawaita yin kamun kifi a wani ruwa domin ana iya
kame kifin ta yadda zai ragu matuƙa. Raguwarsa kuwa na nuni da
cewa za a sami naƙasu ga adadin wanda zai iya hayayyafa a wani lokaci nan gaba. Don haka
ne idan aka buɗe lokacin kakar su wadda kan
fara a lokacin rani, sa’ilin da aka ɗebe albarkatun gona, bazara ta fara kawo jiki a
wajajen watan Maris, koyaushe za a fita wajen kamun kifi, Sarkin ruwa ne ko
Homa (kamar a Argungu) yake zaɓar inda za a yi su, sannan ya sanar da mutanensa. Idan lokacin fita
ya yi, Sarkawa kawai a hallara a wajen domin fasa wannan ruwa. Idan aka kuskura
aka saɓa umurnin Sarkin ruwa kuwa,
ko an tafi wajen kamun kifi a wani tafki, ba za a kama komai ba. Ko dai ruwan
ya kasance mai sanyin gaske ta yadda ba za iya shiga ba kuma ko an shiga, ba za
a iya kama ko da kwaɗo ba. Wannan wani lamari ne
na sirri da buwaya na waɗanda suka shahara a sana’ar.
4.2 Saka Waɗansu Tafukka Da Gurabu A
Matsayin Hurumi
Wata dabara da Sarkawa suke amfani da ita
domin taƙaita mummunar yawaita tatsar albarkatun ruwa shi ne ta hanyar saka
waɗansu tafukka da gurabu na
gulabe a matsayin hurumi da sam ba za yi kamun kifi a cikinsu ba face an sami
izni daga wajen Sarkin gari. Idan aka keɓe ruwa a matsayin hurumi to kuwa ba za a yi su
a cikinsa ba komai tsawon lokaci sai idan Sarkin gari ne ya ba da iznin hakan.
Ana yin wannan ne domin a taƙaita wajajen da Sarkawa za su yi su kai tsaye
don tsimi da tanadin kifi. Kifin da ke rayuwa a tafukkan da aka saka a matsayin
hurumi zai sakata ya wala tare da samun dama ta hayayyafa sosai da kuma samun
damar ya girma sosai iya minzalin girman da nau’insa zai iya yi.
A Argungu wadda ita ce cibiyar Sarkanci a
gundumar Sakkwato, akwai tafukka da aka saka a matsayin hurumi, waɗanda ba dama a yi su cikinsu
face Sarkin Kabi ne ya ba da umurnin haka ta bakin Homa wanda shi yake zuwa
neman Sarki ya ba da dama a yi su a waɗannan wurare. A faɗar Argungu, (2007:17) A duk
faɗin ƙasar Argungu, duk inda ke
akwai wadatar wuraren aiwatar da su, akwai tafukkan da suke ƙarƙashin hurumi na Mai martaba
Sarkin Kabin Argungu. A Argungu misali, akwai gulbin Mala da gulbin Magajiya da
Gamdi da gulbin Makwashe da wasu da dama waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin Sarki. A yankin Gulma
kuwa, akwai Agana da Ɗanƙwace da Ruwan doki Ɗankalgo da Maitaba da dai sauransu. A Augi kuma
akwai gulbin ‘Yankokawa da gulbin Yara da gulbin Mallamawa da gulbin Bagaye da
dai sauransu. A Kamba kuwa akwai Tarmashi da Dogon ruwa da farin ruwa Jan ruwa
da Gindi beri da dai sauransu. Ba a Argungu kaɗai ake yin wannan ba, haka ma a sauran wasu
garuruwa inda sana’ar Sarkanci take gudana ana yin amfani da dabarar domin
daidaita yadda ake tatsar albarkatun ruwa da kuma kare halittun daga yawan
tatsar da za ta iya zama illa ga halittun da kuma al’umma. Haƙiƙa yin haka ba ƙaramin tasiri yake da shi ba
wajen yin tsimi da tanadin albarkatun kifi.
4.3 Kiyaye Girman Ragar Da Ake Amfani Da Ita
A cikin dokokin kamun kifi da hukuma kan sanya,
akan hana masunta ko Sarkawa kama kifin da girman jikinsa ya kasa girman yatsa
biyu wato kimanin inci biyu. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, hukuma da take saka
dokokin nan ba ta tanadi waɗanda za su saka ido domin ganin ko ana kiyaye su ba. Sarkawan da
kansu ganin irin matsalar da kama ƙanƙanan kifaye yake haifarwa
musamman rage adadin kifi a wani muhalli na ruwa, ya sanya shugabanninsu suke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa
jama’arsu na kiyaye dokokin. Tun wurin sayen kayan kamun kifi kamar raga wadda
ake sarrafawa ko dai a yi koma (homa) mali ko kalli da ita, ba a bari masunta
su sayi wadda ragarta ta kasa inci biyu. Haka kuma idan wadda za a saƙa ce to kuwa akan saƙa wadda kafar ragarta ta kama
daga inci biyu zuwa abin da ya fi haka. Wanda ya yi kunnen ƙashi kuwa, akan karɓe haramtaccen kayan kamun
kifi da aka gani a hannunsa, sai a ƙona su.
Wannan doka tasu takan yi tasiri har a cikin
kasuwa, domin ko a kasuwa aka ga masunci yana sayar da kifi wanda girmansa ya
yi ƙasa ga
abin da doka ta tanada akan hukunta shi a masarauta. A ƙasar Keɓɓe ta jihar Sakkwato ana bin
wannan doka sau da ƙafa. Sarkin ruwa ko Mai ruwa kan yi hukunci amma idan abin ya
faifaye, yakan kai mai kunnen ƙashi gaban hukuma idan ta kama. Wannan duka ana
yi ne domin a kare tatsar albarkar kifi fiye da ƙima wanda kan haddasa ƙarancin kifi.
4.4 Haƙa Rami Ko Rijiya A Tafki
Sakamakon matsalolin nan uku da aka kawo a
farkon wannan maƙala, haƙiƙa tafukka da sauran wuraren da ke ajiye ruwa na fuskantar barazana
ta ƙafewa
yayin da wasu tuni sun bushe sai dai a tarar da ana noman rani ko dai na
shinkafa, taba, tumatiri, dankali ko duk wani abu da ake iya shukawa a lokacin
rani. Sarkawa da suke zaune a wuraren da ke fuskantar barazanar suna ƙoƙarin ɗaukar mataki domin kare
albarkar kifi a waɗannan wurare.
Ƙoƙarin da suke yi shi ne duk
lokacin da tafki ya ƙafe ko ya yi kusa ƙafewa, suna ƙoƙari ta hanyar aikin gayya su
haƙa rami
mai zurfi da faɗi wanda zai kasance kamar
rijiya. Idan ramin da aka haƙa ya cika da ruwa, sai su sami ƙananan kifaye su saka a ciki
da nufin renonsu a matsayin iri har zuwa lokacin damina. Baya ga zagaye ramin
da ƙiraren
itatuwa ta hanyar kakkafa su, ana kuma saka ƙaya a zagaye wurin duk domin
kariya daga shanu da ƙananan dabbobi da kan yi kiwo a fadama. Sarkawa kan kuma yi fakon
wannan rami nasu dare da rana domin hana dabbobi da mutane yin kutse a cikinsa.
Lokaci-lokaci, sukan saka abinci kamar dusa a cikin ramin domin kifin ya sami
abinci. Haka za a yi ta kula da wannan rami har sai ruwan sama ya sauka.
Lokacin da tafkin ya cika maƙil da ruwa, kifin zai warwatse ya bazu a cikin
tafkin. Daga nan Sarkawa sai su bi da haƙo suna kama kifin, suna samun
abin da suka ci kafin kamawar malka, sa’ilin da ruwan sama kan sauka sosai,
gulabe su yi ambaliya ta yadda ruwan da suka kwaso zai haɗu da na tafukka. Idan kuwa
aka yi rashin sa’a, aka sami ƙamfar ruwa sosai a damina, Sarkawan kan sami
wurin da za su riƙa aiwatar da sana’arsu ta hanyar yin su a waɗannan tafkuna da suka haƙa ramu. Hikimar wannan dabara
tasu ita ce bayan ƙafewar tafukka, ba kifin da zai rayu a cikinsu, don haka ko da
ruwan damina ya sauka, idan ruwan gulbi bai haɗu da na tafukka ba, zai yi wuya matuƙa a sami kifi a waɗannan tafukka. Wannan dabara ta
renon kifi har zuwa lokacin damina zai sa su sami damar aiwatar da sana’ar tasu,
su kuma samar wa al’umma abinci mai gina jiki. Ba domin wannan dabara tasu ba,
tafukka za su kasance ba kifi a cikinsu har sai lokacin da ruwan gulbi ya haɗu da na tafukkan.
4.5 Rungumar Kiwon Kifi Na
Zamani
A halin yanzu ana fuskantar ƙarancin kifi a mafi yawan
wuraren da ake aiwatar da kamun kifi. Tunanin cewa wannan lamari yana ci wa
Sarkawa tuwo ƙwarya, yanzu haka Sarkawa da dama sun rungumi dabarar nan ta kiwon
kifi irin na zamani. Tattaki a waɗansu ƙauyuka na ƙasar Ngaski a yankin Yawuri
ta jihar Kabi ya tabbatar da wannnan. A ƙauyuka da dama da aka gudanar
da wannan nazari, an ga wurare masu yawa inda Sarkawa suka rungumin sana’ar
kiwon kifi bayan da suka fahimci cewa kifin koyaushe ƙara ƙaranta yake yi. A ƙauyen Gungun Hoge da Bunzawa
da Lofa, an ga Sarkawa da suka rungumi wannan sana’a duk da nufin samar da
abinci ga al’umma da kuma ƙoƙarin dawwamar da wannan
sana’a ta Sarkanci.
5.0 Kammalawa
Sarkawa, musamman shugabanni har zuwa mabiya
haƙiƙa sun himmatu wajen kare halittar
kifi daga barazanar da take fuskanta na raguwa sannu a hankali wanda ka iya
haifar da salwantar wasu nau’uka. Gudunmuwar tasu tana taimaka wa ƙoƙarin nan da hukumomi a
matakai daban-daban suke yi don tababatar da tsaro ga al’umma ta fannin samar
da abinci mai gina jiki. Ƙari bisa ga wannan, sun kuma himmatu wajen kare sana’arsu ta kamun
kifi daga babbar barazanar da take fuskanta na dushewa wanda idan ba a yi matuƙar hattara ba, tana iya ɓata. Suna ƙoƙari gwargwado wajen kare
hanyarsu ta neman abinci. Hanyoyin da suke bi sun haɗa da hana yin su ko kamun
kifi sai tare da izni ba. Ana kama kifin da bai kai girman inci biyu ba idan
dai nau’insa kan girma sosai. Saka wasu tafukka da wuraren yin su a matsayin
hurumi da sai Sarkin gari ne kaɗai zai iya ba da dama a yi su a cikinsu wani mataki da suka ɗauka. Suna kuma haƙa rami domin renon kifi don a
kama a wani lolaci na gaba. Haka ma sun fara rungumara dabarar nan da zamani ya
zo da ita na kiwon kifi.
Matakai da suka ɗauka haƙiƙa suna taimakawa gwargwado
wajen ba da kariya ga kifi da kuma sana’arsu ta kamun kifi. Ya dace a ce hukuma
ta shigo a ciki ta hanyar gina madatsun ruwa a wurare daban-daban domin haɓaka da bunƙasa sana’ar kamun kifi. Ko
baya ga haka, a taimaka wa Sarkanci da jari ta hanyar ba su lamunin kuɗi marar ruwa don su tsunduma
sosai da sosai cikin sha’anin na kiwon kifi irin na zamani. Yin haka ba ƙaramin taimakawa zai yi wajen
ƙara
tallafa wa shirin nan na hukuma na tabbatar da al’umma ta wadatu da abinci
wanda yin hakan zai ƙara sa a sami al’umma mai cikakkiyar lafiya da za ta iya kare
kanta, ta kuma sami cigaba mai ɗorewa.
Manazarta
Tuntuɓi mai
takarda.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.