Gudummawar Zauren Sakkwatanci Na Gidan Rediyon Vision F.M. Wajen Adana Kalmomi Da Jumlolin Karin Harshen Sakkwatanci (4)

Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato, Nijeriya

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MAINASARA ABDULKADIR

BABI NA UKU:  JUMLOLI A  KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI   

3.0 SHIMFI’DA

Wannan babi shi ne babin da ya ke d’auke da nazari kan karin harshen Sakkwatanci, kuma a cikin sa ne za a ga ire-iren kalmomi da jumlolin da karin harshen Sakkwatanci yake da su. Wad’anda suka had’a da azuzuwan kalmomi da Sassauk’ar jumla a karin harshen Sakkwatanci, da kuma jumlar tambaya da ta umarni, tare da jumlar korewa duk  a  cikin karin harshen Sakkwatanci. Za a kawo su ne kamar yadda aka kawo na daidaitacciyar Hausa a babi na biyu. Kafin a yi duk wad’annan bayanan sai an waiwayi abin da masana suka ce game da karin harshen Sakkwatanci.

3.1    KARIN HARSHEN  SAKKWATANCI

Idan ana maganar karin harshen Sakkwatanci za a ga cewa karin harshe ne mai babban kaso wanda ya k’unshi karuruwan harsunan yammacin k’asar Hausa. Idan aka yi la’akari da ra’ayoyin wasu daga cikin masana wad’anda ke ganin cewa, karin harshe ya kasu kashi biyu wato Karin harshen gabas wanda ya k’unshi Kananci, Zazzaganci, Katsinanci da makamantansu, sai kuma karin harshen yamma wanda ya k’unshi Sakkwatanci, Kabanci, Zamfaranci, Arewanci, da sauran kare-karen harshen yamma. Saboda kasancewar garin Sakkwato a matsayin babbar mahad’a ga sauran karuruwan harsunan yamma. Saboda haka sai masana ilimin kimiyyar nazarin harshe suka za’bi karin harshen Sakkwatanci ya zama jagora ga sauran karuruwan harshen Hausa da suke da alak’a da juna ta fuskar furuci da tsarin sauti da yanayin gini jumla da ma’ana. Akan samu dangantaka ta fagen karin harshe da al’adu da auratayya, addini da kuma kasuwanci. Wasu kad’an daga cikin masanan da suka tofa albarkacin bakinsu game da karin harshen Sakkwatanci su ne:

Hamma'ali, (1985), ya nuna cewa "Sakkwatanci Karin harshe ne na Sakkwato. An samo kalmar Sakkwatanci ne daga sunan garin Sakkwato. Sakkwatanci karin harshe ne na mutanen Sakkwato. Sai dai kuma ba ana nufin Jihar Sakkwato gaba d’aya ba. Wasu na ganin tsagwaron Sakkwatawa su ne, wad’anda ke garuruwan da ke kusa da Sakkwato, wato Zamfarawa, Kabawa da Arawa, musamman wad’anda aka kafa ko ciyar da su gaba, bayan jihadi.

Wasu masana na ganin cewa, Sakkwatanci karin harshe ne na mulki. Dalilin da ya sa suke ganin Sakkwatanci a matsayin karin harshe na mulki shi ne, saboda kasancewar Sakkwato cibiyar daular Usmaniyya. Wadda bayan k’are jihadi ita ce ke fad’a a ji a k’asar Hausa, har zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka. Bisa la’akari da ra’ayin wannan manazarci ana iya cewa karin harshen Sakkwatanci ya samo asali ne daga ginuwar garin Sakkwato a zamanin jihadin Shehu ‘Danfodiyo, inda aka za’bi garin Sakkwato don ya zama babbar fadar mulki ta masu jihadi. Wannan za’ben da aka yi wa Sakkwato sai ya samar da dama ga mutanen garin Sakkwato na mallakar kalmomi da k’wayoyin sautukan sauran kare-karen harshen da suke mak’wabtaka da garin Sakkwaton wajen ginin kalma da samar da jumla zuwa fahimtar ma’ana da take k’unshe cikin zantukan yau da kullum.

3.2 KALMOMIN KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI A ZAUREN SAKKWATANCI NA VISION F.M.

Wad’annan kalmomi da za a gabatar a nan kalmomi ne, da ake tattaunawa a kan su cikin shirin zauren Sakkwatanci na gidan rediyo vision F.M. wad’annan kalmomin za a adana su ne don gudun salwantar su nan gaba. Ga jerin kalmomin:

 Kalmomin Sakkwatanci A Zauren Sakkatanci    Ma’ana a Daidaitacciyar Hausa

Al’amurra                                                                       al’amura

Agalemi                                                                         buzu

Akaihwa                                                                         farce

Alkwato                                                                         dodon kod’i

Alloba                                                                            annoba

Anka                                                                              aka

Arbik’i                                                                           unguwarzoma

Assibit                                                                            asabar

Awo                                                                               Ee

Batu                                                                               magana

Basilla                                                                            allura

Bid’a                                                                              nema

Burgu                                                                             gafiya

Bugu                                                                              duka

Rwarwaka                                                                      raraka

Hwara                                                                            fara

Wanga                                                                            wannan

Wargi                                                                             wasa

Shigihwa                                                                        d’aki

Bid’a                                                                              nema

Ragaita                                                                           shiririta

3.2.1 KALMOMI MASU BAMBANCIN FURUCI AMMA MA’ANA ‘DAYA

Bargery (1934) shi ne ya yi k’ok’arin kawo wad’annan kalmomin na Sakkwatanci tare da kwatanta su da na Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Saboda haka, ga wasu kad’an daga cikin su bisa tsarin gidan rediyon Vision F.M. tare da ma’anar su cikin daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga misalin su:

Kalmomin Zauren Sakkwatanci        Daidaitacciyar Hausa

Agalemi                                             buuzuu

Alkwatoo                                          Katantanwa

Akaihwa                                            Farcee

Arbiik’ii                                            Ungoozoma

Badaraa                                             Tsuntsu

Bagajaa                                              Kwatamii

Bundii                                               Wutsiyaa

‘bartakee                                            Abaawaa

‘baaci                                                 Zaagi

‘baace-’baace                                               ‘baatayyaa

Hwarcee                                            Yaatsaa

Gabaa                                                Girtsi

Gambuu                                            k’yaure

Gulbii                                                Koogii

Gujjiyaa                                             Gyad’a

Guroo                                                Ku’beewaa

Gidan bisa                                          Beenee

Habd’ii                                              Tookaa

3.2.2  KALMOMI MASU MA’ANA ‘DAYA, AMMA SAUTI BAMBAN

A nan k’asa, in an za a ga Sakkwatatun kalmomi wad’anda ma’anarsu d’aya da na Daidaitacciyar Hausa, amma sautin su ya bambanta da na Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga misalan kad’an daga cikin su:

Sakkwatanci                                        Daidaitacciyar Hausa    

Allooba                                             Annooba

Al’amurraa                                        Al’amura

Attanin                                              Litinin

Anguwaa                                           Unguwaa

Assibit                                               Assabar

Bahwaadee                                        Bafaade

Bushiyaa                                           Bishiya

Bukii                                                 Bikii

Ciyyoo                                              Ciiwoo

Jibjii                                                  Juujii

Laahiyaa                                            Laafiyaa

Lak’yas                                             Lak’was

Lallai                                                 Lalle

Mussai                                               Mushee

Sabkaa                                               Saukaa

Saashee                                              Saashi

Shibkaa                                             Shuukaa

Shidda                                               Shida

Sihilii                                                Sifirii

Suuraa                                               Suumaa

Swa’baanii                                         Saa’baanii

Swaahwaa                                         Saafaa

Sakkwatanci yakan yi amfani da wad’ansu kalmomi wad’anda shi kad’ai ya ke’banta da su, sai wasu daga cikin kare-karen harshen yammaci wato ‘yan dangin Sakkwatanci, wad’anda su ma ba kowace kalma ce daga cikin kalmomin suke amfani da ita ba. Amma wannan ba ya haddasa bambancin ma’ana a kan ire-iren wad’annan kalmomi da sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa ke amfani da su.

Wannan na nufin idan Sakkwatanci ya yi amfani da wata kalma, to akwai irinta a Daidaitacciyar Hausa da sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa sai dai akan sami bambancin k’wayoyin sautuka a tsakanin su. Sannan kalmar ba ta da bambancin ma’ana da takwarar ta, da ke samu a cikin sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa ko a Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Alal misali, Sakkwatanci yakan yi amfani da kalmar ‘katattara’ wato wani sashe na k’afar mutum mai tattare da nama, wanda ya taso daga guiwa zuwa d’uwawu). Amma a Daidaitacciyar Hausa da wasu kare-karen harshen Hausa sukan yi amfani da kalmar ‘cinya’ a maimakon katattara. A nan, ma’anar katattara da cinya ba bambanci. Akan iya a sami bambancin tsarin kalmomin, amma ma’anarsu d’aya. Ko kuma bambancin furuci, amma ma’ana d’aya tsakanin Sakkwatanci da Daidaitacciyar Hausa ko ma da sauran kare-karen harshen gabashi.

3.3 JUMLOLIN KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI

A babi na biyu an kawo nau’o’in jumlar daidaitacciyar Hausa, tare da misalan su, har nazarin ya fitar da tsarin azuzuwan kalmomin da kowace jumla ta k’unsa. A wannan babin an kawo jerin wasu daga cikin kalmomi mallakar karin harshen Sakkatanci tare da tak’aitaccen bayani dangane da karin harshen Sakkwatancin kansa. Sannan an waiwayi yadda tsarin nau’o’in ginin jumlolin karin harshen Sakkwatanci tare da nazartar su daki-daki. Ga yadda nazarin ya gudana:

3.3.1 SASSAUK’AR JUMLA A  KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI

Kamar yadda Sassauk’ar Jumlar daidaitacciyyar Hausa ta k’unshi yankin Suna da kuma abin da aka fad’i a game da suna; haka ma Sassauk’ar jumlar Sakkwatanci ta k’unshi yankin suna da kuma yankin abin da aka fad’i a game da suna. Misali wasu daga cikin jumlolin Sakkwatanci.

 

 

a-       Bala            ya      c         canye         abinci.

Sn aik        maf     lokt         Aik           Sn k’b

S                                     A                   K

b-      Musa na      ya      s        sha     ruwa

Sn aik           maf    lokt    Aik    Snk’b

 

c-       Musa           ya      k     kaama     Zaki

Sn aik        maf     lokt      Aik    Sn k’b

S                                     A           K

 

d-      Ali              ya      k     kashe    Kare

Sn aik        maf     lokt      Aik    Sn k’b

S                                     A           K

 

 

3.2.2 JUMLAR  TAMBAYA

Jumlar tambaya ita ce jumlar da ake yi domin tambaya. Saboda haka Sakkwatanci yakan canja wasu daga cikin kalmomin na tambaya, amma kuma wasu basu canjawa, kamar yadda daidaitacciyar Hausa take fad’insu haka Sakkwatanci shi ma yake fad’insu. Ga wasu daga cikinsu.

• Ina Maryam tat tahi ?


• Waa aŋ   ka   aika ?


• Yaushee na za  a  dawo  wa aiki ?


• K’ak’aa za  a  yi  ?


• Yayaa Audu   yah  hwad’i  jarabawa ?


• Mii Ali  yas  saye ?


• Wa suŋka  zo  d’azu ?

3.2.3 JUMLAR  UMARNI

Jumlar umurni kamar sauran jumloli ita ma jumlar umurni ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci daidai take da jumlar umurni ta daidaitacciyar Hausa. Haka ma takan zo da kalma d’aya rak, a matsayin jumla, kuma ta ba da ma'ana cikakkiya, kalmar da take zuwa da ita, itace kalmar aikatau. Ga kad’an daga cikin misalan jumlar umurni a karin harshen Sakkwatanci.

1. Ali tashi !


2. Kabiru rubuta !


3. Musa Karanta !

Haka jumlar ya kamata ta kasance amma saboda wasu dalilai sai ta koma kamar haka:

Misali:

Tashi !

Rubuta !

Karanta !

3.2.4 JUMLAR  KOREWA

Jumlar korewa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci ita ma daidai take da jumlar korewa ta Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Sai dai kuma ita wannan jumlar ta korewa ta d’an bambanta da ta daidaitacciyar Hausa a wasu bak’ak’en haruffa na Sakkatanci da suka sa’ba da na daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga wasu daga cikin su:

1. Baa Ali     yas     sayee ba.


2. Rabi ba      ta       tahi    makaranta    ba.


3. Baa kud’d’i                 banki.


4. Agwagwa ba      ta       tashi   sama  sosai.


5. Baabu ruwa            a        randa.


6. bai dace   a        hana  bara   ba.


7. Kaada kaa    tahi/kar        ka a    tahi.


8. 3
   

   NA’DEWA

   
   

Wannan babi wato babi na uku inda aka bayyana karin harshen Sakkwatanci a bisa ra’ayoyin masana da kuma ire-iren jumlar Hausa karin harshen Sakkwatanci, tare kuma da kawo wasu misalai daga ciki. A sassauk’ar jumlar Hausa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci an yi bayani cewa ita ma jumlar ta k’umshi yanki biyu wato yankin suna da kuma yankin abin da aka fad’i a game da suna, haka ita ma jumlar karin harshen Sakkwatanci tana bias tsarin S.A.K, kamar haka sassauk’ar jumlar daidaitacciyar Hausa. Jumlar tambaya ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci ita ma kamar jumlar tambaya take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa, jumla ce da ake yi domin tambaya. Jumlar umurni ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci, ita ma kamar jumlar umurni take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa, ana gina ta ne akan umurni. Jumlar korewa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci, ita ma kamar jumlar korewa take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa, ana gina ta ne a kan korewa sai dai ta bambanta da ta daidaitacciyar Hausa kad’an.