Daga
Abdulbasir Ahmad Atuwo
Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Usmanu ďanfodiyo Sakkwato
Email: drabdulbasir87@gmail.com
GSM: 07032492269
TSAKURE
Tauri lamari ne da ya kasance abu mai matsayi a Ƙasar Hausa musamman ta la’akari da irin faďi-tashin da suke yi wajen ƘoƘarin tabbatar da tsaro ga al’umarsu da kuma taimako na samar wa jama’a da magungunan gargajiya da suka shafi cututtuka da kuma na kariyar kai kamar su kas-kaifi da sagau da ba-sanyi da ba-duhu da sauransu ba don komai ba sai domin tsare kansu da kuma al’umma daga ba-zata tare da son nuna jaruntaka da shirin ko-ta -kwana ta hanyar kare al’ummarsu Ƙasa baki ďaya ta hanyoyi daban-daban da suke iyawa. ‘Yan tauri da mawaƘansu na da kalmomi da dama waďanda suke amfani da su wajen kambama kansu a wuraren farauta da bukukuwa irin nasu domin samun damar gwada magungunansu ko makamansu ko nuna buwayarsu da jaruntakarsu. Wannan muƘala ta dubi yadda wasu sassan adabin Hausa suka nuna muhimmancin samun Ƙungiyoyin sa - kai na tsaron al’umma ko Ƙasa kamar Ƙungiyoyin Banga ko Tauri. daga cikin waďannan hanyoyi tare da nazarin irin yadda mawaƘansu ke amfani da zaƂaƂƂun kalmomi na tunzurawa domin kambama su domin su yi kwaďayin ba da ta su gudummawa wajen tabbatar da tsaro a cikin jama’arsu da kuma Ƙasarsu baki ďaya. Haka kuma muƘalar ta dubi littafin “Idon Matambayi” na Muhammadu Gwarzo da “Shaihu Umar” na Abubakar Tafawa Ƃalewa domin ganin irin yadda Marubuta suka fito da nason Ƙungiyoyin sa – kai na Banga domin kiyaye tsaron jama’ar Ƙasa daga ‘yan ta’adda. Wannan shi ya sa aka ba muƘalar suna “ Tsiya Adon ‘Yan Tauri: Nazarin Ayukkan Ƙungiyoyin Banga Ga Ayukkan Tsaron Ƙasa A Wasu sassan Adabin Hausa.
1.0 Gabatarwa
Lamarin tauri a Ƙasar Hausa abu ne da ya samu karƂuwa daďaďďen lokaci da ya gabata, wannan karƂuwa kuwa na da alaƘa ne da irin matsayi na rawar da suke takawa wajen tunkarar abokan gaba ba tare da tsoro ko shakka ba da Ƙundumbala a yanayi na Ƙunar baƘin wake wanda sai tsayayyun jarumai marasa tsoro ko karayar zuci ke iya yin haka. Haka kuma a sana’o’i masu wuya kamar farauta duka fannoni ne da ke buƘatar tsayayyun mazaje waďanda ba su da alamar tsoro.
Ƙasar Hausa ta yi fama da yaƘe-yaƘen cikin gida har ma da na wajen, Daulolin Ƙasar Hausa ƘarƘashin Sarakuna sun yi ta famar gwagwarmayar yaƘe-yaƘen kariyar kai har ma da na faďaďa mulkin garuruwa da Ƙasashe. Ashe al’ummar da ta fito a wannan yanayi ba a mamaki a samu jama’ar ‘yan tauri a cikinsu. Kafin a shiga aiki gadan-gadan akwai bukatar a taƂi muhimman kalmomi da ke cikin taken muƘalar.
2.0 Asalin Kalmar Tauri
Asalin kalmar “Tauri” na da alaƘa ta kai tsaye da manufar in maganin taurin ya yi tasiri wato yadda jikin mutum kan koma bayan cin maganin.Wato jikin mutum zai yi tauri yadda ba Ƙarfen da zai fasa jikin mutum komai kaifinsa komai tsininsa da nauyinsa. Kamar yadda Bunza, (1999) ya bayyana asalin kalmmar Tauri da cewa:
“Kalmar tauri daga “Tauri” take mai nufin abu ya Ƙi fasawa ko ya Ƙi barin a sarafa shi yadda ake so, ko mutumin da ya faye Ƙin karƂar shawara, akan ce wane tauri ke gare shi. Mai irin wannan sirin na maganin Ƙarfe irin wuƘa, da takobi, da mashi da duk wani makami na Ƙarfe ba su fasa jikinsu. Haka kuma yana iya sarraffa Ƙarfe yadda yake so ba tare da wata wahala ba.”
Wannan ďabi’a ta sarrafa Ƙarfe ba tare da ya aibanta ko cutarwa ba shi ya sa ake cewa tauri masu tu’ammali da wannan harkar kuma ake kiransu ‘yan tauri.
2.1 Ma’anar Tauri
An samu ra’ayoyin jama’a kan ma’anar tauri. Ƙamusun Hausa (2006:433) Ya bayyana tauri da cewa “shi ne maganin da aka ci domin kashe kaifin wuƘa ko wani makami don ya kasa huda jikin mutum”. Bargery, (1934:1009) ya bayyana Tauri da “Tsananin kaifi”. Bunza, (1990) ya bayyana tauri da cewa “Magani ne da ya samo asali daga taurin jiki. Watau mai irin maganin, jikinsa zai yi wa Ƙarfe tauri, ba ya fasa shi.” Abin lura a nan shi ne, samun wani magani na ci ko na sha ko na shafawa ko na laƘawa wanda zai sa jiki ya yi tauri ba ya fasuwa ga wuƘa ko mashi ko makamantansu shi ne tauri. Kuma waďanda ke cikin wannan harka ta tauri su ne ake kira ‘yan tauri. A waƘar Kassu ta Bala Naladi yana bayyana mana ma’anar tauri da cewa:
Bai dai raba gora da goro ba,
In dwan Ƙarhe alewa na,
Shi shi ka samu shi mirgiďe.
Kassu Zurmi,WaƘar Bala na Ladi
Wannan ďan waƘa na nuna abin da ake nufi da tauria taƘaice. Domin an bayyana Bala Naladi a matsayinsa ďaya daga cikin sanannun ‘yan tauri, ga shi wasu siffofi da ke nuna shahararsa a tauri. Wato mayar da gora tamkar goro; sannan yana sarrafa duk wani makamin Ƙarfe tamkar yadda ake sarafa s alewa.
2.2 Tsiya Da Fatara A Matsayin Yabo Ga ‘Yan tauri
Tsiya ko fatara ko rashi ko talauci duka abubuwa ne ďaya ko makusantan juna da ke tare da rayuwar mutum, sai dai babu jinsi na jama’a ko Ƙabila ko addini da ya yi aminta da a alaƘanta shi da tsiya sai ‘yan tauri. Bisa ga al’ada ana iya cewa tsiya da tauri tamkar aminan juna ne a rayuwar ‘yan tauri.
Yayin da ake danganta wanda ba ďan tauri ba da tsiya ya ji an ci zarafinsa ko an wulaƘanta shi ko ka tozarta shi, idan ďan tauri ne zai ji an daranjanta shi an ďaukaka shi an mutunta shi har ya kai ga tsima yana kyarma yana kirari. Sai dai wannan muƘala ta kasa tsiyar tauri zuwa gida biyu: kuma ana iya fahimtar wannan rabo a bayyane cikin waƘoƘin makaďansu da kambawar da suke yi wa ‘yan tauri
1. Tsiya mai nuni ga ma’ana ta asali, wato fatara ko rashi
2. Tsiya mai nuni ga rashin tsoro da naƘaltar faďace-faďace ko tankiya ko tashin-tashina
2.3 Tsiya Ta Fatara
‘Yan tauri na fahari da tsiya da fatara da rashi, domin ba su ra’ayin a danganta su da duk wata harka ta arziki ko jin daďi a rayuwarsu ta duniya. Muna iya ganin wannan a waƘoƘi da kirarin ‘yan tauri daban-daban musamman waƘoƘin Kassu Zurmi da na Garba ďanwasa. Misali a waƘar Garba ďanwasa ta ‘ďan Musa ďan taragon ya na cewa:
Jagora: Jama’a kun ga ďan taragon Fatara
Kun ga ďan taragon tciya
Ga ďantaragon tciya.
Garba ďan wasa, WaƘar ďan Musa ďan tarago
Kalmar ‘tarago’ a Ƙamusun Hausa, (2006:428) da Ƙamusun Bargery, (1934:996) duk sun nuna cewa “Mazaunin fasinjan jirgin Ƙasa mai kama da ďaki.” A nan ďan wasa ya yi amfani da jinsantarwar da ake wa ďan tarago a matsayinsa na mutun zuwa taragon fatara da tsiya. A waƘar Kassu Zurmi ta Nomau Na magarya yana cewa:
Jagora : Gagarabadau uban gidan ‘Yaj jima,
Da Kassu barka da tciya,
Banawa kyawon faďa ayo accakwama ,
Baba a shirya ta baƘi Ƙirin ta Ƙare muku can
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Kassu Zurmi, WaƘar Nomau Namagarya
Wannan ďan waƘa da Kassu Zurmi ya fara da yi wa Nomau jinjina kalmar kinaya ta “gagarabadau” tare da danganta shi da matarsa da kuma makaďinsa. Sannan shawara ta biyo baya kan yadda ya kamata samari su tunkari kowane irin faďa wato da salo iri na Ƙudumbala da Kassu ya kira “accakwama”.
Kalmomin da mawaƘan ‘yan tauri ke amfani da su zaƂaƂƂu ne domin zuga tunzurawa ga ďan tauri cikin sauƘi.A irin yanayi fa ďan tauri ba ya ganin haďarin duk wata fitina ko tankiya da ke fuskantarsa sai ya faďa. A waƘar Nomau na Magarya ta Kassu Zurmi ya yi amfani da kalmomi kamar su ‘Gauďe’ da’ƘanƘari’ da ‘DoƘoƘiso ’ misali yana cewa:
Jagora: Gauďe ba ka matanki,
Baba kaďe baka baka,
Na Magaji ƘanƘari,
Ko Allahu na ruwa ba ka jiƘa,
DoƘoƘiso ko ba ka jin batun masu gari.
Kassu Zurmi, WaƘar Nomau Namagarya
A cikin wannan ďan waƘa ta Nomau Na magarya, mawaƘin ya haďa da kalmar salon kinaya kamar: “DoƘoƘiso” da kuma salon “Alamtarwa “ kamar: “Gauďe” kamar “ ƘanƘari” duk waďannan kalmomi, Kassu ya yi amfani da su ne domin nuna matuƘar fatara da tsiyar Nomau.
Duk waďannan ‘ya’yan waƘar suna nuni da matuƘar tsiya da ke tare da su har ta sa ba su da amfani ga kansu balle jama’a. A waƘar Nomau Namagarya Kassu Zurmi ya yi amfani salon siffantawa kamar a cikin ďan waƘar inda yake cewa:
Jagora: Nomau Tushen hwaďa Karen masu gari
Torankawan tsiya uban mai rogo,
Ko hwatara tai yawa takan zan Iko,
Nomau ko ba ka jin batun masu gari.
Kassu Zurmi, WaƘar Nomau Namagarya
A nan kalmar ‘Torankawa’ sunan wani jinsin al’ummar wasu Fulani ne. Asalin Shehu Usman ďanfodiyo daga wannan jama’a ya fito. Irin gwaggwarmayar da Shehu ya yi wajen yaďa Musulunci a Ƙasar Hausa ya sa kalmar da jinsin al’ummar sun samu wani matsayi da daraja da har kalmar ta zama wani abin siffantawa ga shahararsu fagen yaďa Musulunci ko asuli. A nan shi ne Kassu Zurmi ya yi irin wannan siffantawa, inda ya siffanta Nomau da ‘Torankawan tsiya ’ domin nuna shararsa ga tsiya. Kamar misali idan ana son a ba da misalign Torankawan arziki a ce ‘Torankawan arziki Aliko ďangote’
A waƘar Zayyanu ďanwasa Gummi da ďan Musa ďan tarago ya gadar wa ďan tarago tsiya ga uwarsa da ubansa kamar haka:
Jagora: Wai Bawa wag gadi tciya Ƙasa da sama?
Wag gadi tciya ďantarago?
Kun gadi tciya Duna Karo
Ga ďan Musa ďantarago
Na Lema uwayen hitina.”
Zayyanu ďan wasa, WaƘar ďan Musa ďan tarago
A wannan ďan waƘa Zayyanu ďan wasa ya nuna irin dangantakar ďantarago da tsananin tsiya domin gadon abarsa ya yi. Sannan Zayyanu ya yi amfani da salon kinaya da irin kalmomin ‘yan tauri da su ke amfani da su wajen kirari ko yadda mawaƘansu ke kiransu a matsayin sunayensu inda ya kira shi’Duna’ wanda ya yi kama da su ‘Dogozo’ da su ‘ďan kurjan’ ‘yan tauri na amfani da su domin razanarwa da firgita abokan gaba kafin a kara.Shi ya sa mawaƘin ya kira shi ‘Uwayen fitina’
A waƘar “Karen Ayya Maidubu Kassu Zurrmi ya nuna irin yadda tsiyar ta yi wa Maidubu yaaďo har ga sana’arsa har ga sana’arsu ta noma inda yake cewa:
Jagora: Ya yi dubu kuma
Ya dubu kuma
Ya yi dubu amma huďu na Ƙyasuwa.
Kassu Zurmi, WaƘar Karen Ayya Maidubu
A kalmomi irin na manoma, idan an ce wa manomi ‘Ya yi dubu’ to babban yabo ne da abin alfahari a gareshi saboda ‘dubun’ na nufin na damin dawa na gero ko na maiwa ko kuma buhu dubu na masara ko na shinkafa ko na alkama. To Karen Ayya nasa har dubu huďu ne, amma saboda alaƘa da tsiya suka Ƙyasuwa ne ban a abinci ba.
Ba a nan ba kawai, idan muka koma a waƘar Shayi ďangidan Labbo ta Kassu Zurmi a Gusau, (2009) Ya nuna yadda Shayi ya yi da tantabarinsa. Tantabarin dai asalinsu na gado ne aka bar masa amma saboda tsiya duk sun Ƙare shi kaďai ya rage.
Jagora: -------------------------------
Sai in shayaya yaď ďago ďaki,
‘Yan mazan tantabarin ga na yi mai guďa,
Shi Ƙuďunguru Shayi ďangidan Labbo,
Shi ko kokirzon sai ya watsa yat tsaba,
Kai ko tsuntsu tcince tciyakku ta bi ku.
Kassu Zurmi, WaƘar Shayi ďan gidan Labbo
A wannan ďan waƘa, Kassu ya yi amfani da salon jinsartarwa inda ya nuna tantabarin Shayi yana yi wa Shayi guďa ta hanyar zama masa ďan ma’abba. Mun ga yadda aka yi amfani da salon kinaya inda tantabarin ya kira Shayi da kalmar ‘Ƙudunguru’ domin nuna tsiya. Shi ma Kassu ya yi amfani wata kalmar kiniya wato ‘Kokirzo’ da kuma layin ďan waƘar da Kassu ya rufe da shi wato ‘Kai ko tsuntsu tcince tciyakku ta bi ku’. Wannan ya nuna tsabar da aka watsa wa tantabarin ta tsiya ce domin an ce ‘tcince’ ya nuna tsabar ba ta da yawa, kamata ya tsinta ya bari da akwai wadata.
2.3 Tsiyar Faďa Ko Tankiya
‘Yan tauri sun shahara wajen Ƙulla faďace-faďace da tashin-tashina. ďabi’ar tauri na tattare da tsokana tsakanin Ƙungiyoyin adawa na tauri. Sau da yawa sukan asalta farauta a yi gangami gari da gari ko Ƙasa da Ƙasa domin kawai a je a kece raini da gwaje-gwajen magunguna da makamai a tsakanin juna, Umar, (1987).
Kirari, wata matattara ce ta musanyar zafafan maganganu da kambama juna a dandalin tauri. A cikin waƘar Zayyanu ďanwasa Gummi ta ďan Ali, ga kirarinsa:
“Kai Zayyanu kai!
Kada in Ƙara ji,
Kada in Ƙara gani,
Kada in Ƙara jin kirarin yaro ďan tcelen uwa,
Na san yaro ko maganin jini bai sha ba,
Na ce mai sara guda shi hwaďi shi ribce,
Kullum roƘon Allah ni kai,
Shi koro hwaďan zube ban Ƙwarya,
Mu kai ma likkita aiki,
Ni ko a sa mini inkawa,
A kai ni Kanwuri ďan Ali,
Sarki ya ce mini halama ka yi halinka,
Hwaďa ma masu iko cikin gari suka iko,
Ni ko daji ni ka iko.”
Wannan ďan waƘa ya Ƙunshi kambawa da tunzurawa domin kirari ne ďan Ali ke yi lokacin da duk aka buga takensa. Idan aka dubi kalaman ďan Ali a cikin kirarinsa, ana iya yi musu gida uku: Na farko akwai koďa kai inda yake cewa ‘Kada in Ƙara jin kirarin yaro ďan tcelen uwa’ ya nuna duk wanda ke nan yaro ne.Sannan akwai al’adarsu ta neman tayar da fitina’ Kullum roƘon Allah ni kai, Shi koro hwaďan zube ban Ƙwarya’ saboda irin wannan yanayi ne suke gwada Ƙarfin jaruntakarsu da ingancin makamansu
Har yanzu idan aka dubi waƘar Garkuwa ta Farautar Dakatsalle wadda ya yi wa Sufeto Nuhu ďansanda ta Ƙara bayyana yadda ‘yan tauri ke danganta kalmar tsiya da tankiya ko hargitsnin faďa.
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Jagora: Wani Ƙato ya shigo fili,
Rigarsa dut ta kekkece
Na ce Mabaraci ne
Ga naira goma ku miƘa mai
To ashe mai shibka tsiya ne shi
Akwai Ƙaho cikin riga
Sai ya zaro Ƙahonsa shi
Ke nan ya fara hurawa
……………………..
Ashe nan na faďa durun ‘uwa
Kafin in waiwaya Mamman
Sai ga kan mutum cikin fili
Ya faďo Ƙiri da gemunai
Gangar jiki ba ya nan
Tabďi rannan ne na ga durun uwa
Na ga mutum bakwai kwance
An yanke su kamar kaji.”
Garkuwa, WaƘar Sufeto Nuhu ďan sanda
An kawo wannan ďan waƘa ne domin a bayyana wasu abubuwa guda uku da muƘala ta nuna akan abin da ya faru a wannan farauta ta Dakatsalle na kalmar ‘Tsiya’ mai dangantaka da tankiya ko faďa . Kamar yadda ya gabata ‘yan tauri kan ďauki kalmar tsiya ko tsiya ta asali ko kuma tsiya ta faďa ko tankiya ko ta’addanci. A nan idan aka duba abu na farko, Ƙaton da shigo fili, siffarsa ta tsiya ce. Har ma Garkuwa ya yi tsammanin almajiri ne ya ba shi sadaka. Abu na biyu, ďan waƘa ya nuna tsiya ta faďa domin a ďan waƘa gashi an nuna: ‘’ To ashe mai shibka tsiya ne shi’’ abu na uku shirya farauta domin kawai a je a gwada jarunta daga Ƙarshe lamari ya Ƙare da kashe – kashe kamar yadda ďan waƘa ya nuna:’’ Kafin in waiwaya Mamman, Sai ga kan mutum cikin fili’’. A wata mai nuni da tsiyar ‘yan tauri a faďa, a waƘar Dogozo Duna Kasko ta Garba ďanwasa na cewa:
Jagora: Yau Garba kar ka koma kiďi sai in ta samu,
Tun da kag ga raina ya Ƃaci ga dajin ga,
Ban da kunne ban da hure shina ďan wasa,
Yau na zo da masu ďaukar kaya yara,
Da karnai duw wanda nig gani in sare kai nai,
Kafin a jinjima Dogozo ya yo Ƃarna.
Garba ďan wasa: WaƘar Doozo Duna Kasko
A wannan waƘa, Garba ďanwasa ya nuni da wata farauta ta fitina inda aka Dogozo ya zubar da jinin mazaje. A cikin wannan ďan waƘa, ďan wasa ya yi amfani da salon fira tsakanisa da Dogozo. Tun daga layin farko har zuwa na biyar duk Dogozo ne ke magana sai layin Ƙarshe ne ďan wasa ya fara bayyana aikin da Dogozo ya yi ” Kafin a jinjima Dogozo ya yo Ƃarna”
Amshi: In ga mutum ďari hululu duy ya sassare,
Sa maza gudun daji bawan mai ganga,
Mai barandami mai adda kura zagau,
Ci da Ƙarfi mugun bori mai ban tsoro,
MaƘi sake baran Malam wa nah hwaďa ma?
Ina Amali toron giwa watce farauta?
Mai hwarakke mai mashi ga ice yashe,
In ka Ƙi gurgusawa wahala na hwaďa ma.
Garba ďan wasa: WaƘar Doozo Duna Kasko
A wannan ďan waƘa, Garba ďan wasa ya yi amfani da salon kinaya sosai kamar: ‘’bawan mai ganga’’, ko ’’ Ci da Ƙarfi mugun bori’’ ko ‘’MaƘi sake’’ ko ‘’Amali toron giwa’’ daga nan sai nuni ga irin kayan da Dogozo ya mallaka da cewa ba na alheri ba ne. Kamar ‘’ Mai hwarakke mai mashi ga ice yashe’’ wanda kowanne cikin su mugun makami ne duk wannan domin a nuna tsiya faďa ta ‘yan tauri
Jagora: Nic ce tsaya-tsaya Ƃarna ta kai Ƃanna,
Yac ce kashin mutum ďari ba Ƃarna ba,
A wa mutum ďari rotce ba Ƃarna ba,
Mai kiďi kyan hwaďa a bar kai hannu na can,
Yara masu ďaukar kaya su taho birni,
A tambaye su manyan daji ba su tanka ba,
Suna kurum suna sumalin babbar Ƃarna,
Su ce ma ‘yan uwa su zo da gado daji ya motsu,
Don ba bu lahiya manya na can kwance,
Suna cikin kalage ba mai ko motci.
Garba ďan wasa: WaƘar Doozo Duna Kasko
A cikin wannan ďan waƘa, ďan wasa ya fara mayar da jawabi a hirarsu da Dogozo. Kuma yana bayyana irin ďabi’ar Dogozo wadda ya sani ta haddasa tankiya dakuma aikata tsiya mai yawa irin tasu. Abubuwan lura a cikin wannan ďan waƘa. Da farko dai ďan waƘar na cike da kalmomin ta’addanci kamar:” Ƃarna ta kai Ƃanna” da “kashin mutum ďari ba Ƃarna ba” ko” Su ce ma ‘yan uwa su zo da gado daji ya motsu” a nan tafiya na da gado nufin a ďauko gawawwakkin da Dogozo ya kakkashe. Na biyu wannan farauta da Dogozo ya yi wannan Ƃarna ta yi kama da wadda ta auku a farautar Dajin Rayya da Kassu ya yi labarta a cikin Shaho. Wannan ya nuna cewar a duk lokacin da ‘yan tauri suka Ƙulla farauta to takan Ƙare da tsiya ta faďa. Haka wani abin lura wajen faďan ‘yan tauri shi ne, kowace Ƙungiya ta san irin salon saran da ‘yan Ƙungiyarsu ke ta ke yi. Misali, Kassu na cewa:
Jagora: “Ko tsayin wata, ko shan doguwa”
Kun san shan doguwa ‘yan yara?
Tsayin adda, hannu ya birke bai aiki,
Tsayin wata kau saran adda irin na Nagunda,
Su nah hwalkace mi goshi,
Rijiya ga baya kau,
Saran nan na Annen Dayan,
‘Yan Jabanda na sare,
Su nah hwalkace mai allo,
………………………..
Aikau kwance, Sani kwance,
Suri kwance, Kogo kwance,
Inga nig ga sun halbe shi
Na san waďa Ƙaurad dawa nan wani,
Yas shekara bai yi ko kunya ba.
Kassu Zurmi: WaƘar ‘Yan Janbanda
Wannan ďan waƘa na Ƙunshe da wata tsiyar duk da yake ba fagen farauta ba ne, tamkar tankiya ce da ‘Yan jabanda suka shirya da nufin ďaukar fansa ko tsige raini daga take-taken da abokan adawa suke yi musu. Haka kuma tsiyar ta haddasa zubar da jini da nakasa sassan jikin manyan ‘yan tauri. Kassu bayyana nauo’in sara ko raunin da suke wa juna wajen tsiyarsu ta tankiya, Misali: “Ko tsayin wata, ko shan doguwa” wato hannu ya birke bai aiki, “Tsayin wata kau saran adda irin na Nagunda, Su nah hwalkace mi goshi” ga wani nau’in sara kuma inji Kassu “Rijiya ga baya kau, Saran nan na Annen Dayan,‘Yan Jabanda na sare, Su nah hwalkace mai allo”. Wani abu na uku da ďan waƘar ya Ƙunsa shi ne manyan ‘yan tauri da tankiyar ta rutsa da su kamar haka: “Aikau kwance, Sani kwance,Suri kwance, Kogo kwance, Inga nig ga sun halbe shi”. A layukan Ƙarshe na ďan waƘar Kassu ya nuna mutum na biyar ne cikin waďanda aka jikkata, wanda ya shekara bai yi noma saboda jinyar harbin bindiga da aka yi masa.
Sai dai duk waďannan matsalolin da ‘yan tauri kan faďa na sunan faďace-faďace, ba su ďauke su ďauke su komai ba face jaruntakam da cika da kamala irin tauri. Saboda haka shirye suke su tunkari kowace irin tankiya ta taso ko ga al’ummarsu ko ga ‘yan uwansu ko a kansu kuma ga Ƙasa baki ďaya.
3.0 Kalmar Banga /‘Yan banga Da Ma’anarta
Kalmar “Banga” sunan wata ‘yar Ƙaramar ganga ce da ake amfani da ita wajen yin kiďan jaruntaka ga sarakuna musamman wajen yaƘi. Ƙamusun Hausa (2006:35) ya nuna cewa ‘Banga’ wata Ƙaramar ganga mai kama da kuntukuru mai faďin baki da tsukakken baya wadda galibi akan kaďa wa sarakuna ita. Sannan Ƙamusun ya Ƙara ba da wata ma’ana da cewa “Banga” it ace ’ kariyar ‘yan tauri ke yi wa shugabannin siyasa. An fi saninsu da suna ‘yanbangar siyasa.Haka kuma kalmar ‘Banga’ na nufin wata nau’in ‘yar riga mai kama da riga ‘yar ‘shara’ ko ‘binjima’ ta Fulani, ana yinta da kaloli iri – iri a Ƙasar ‘yan tauri a da har ma a yau a wasu wurairai suna amfani da irin wannan rigar.
A nan idan aka duba, kalmar ‘yan ‘banga’ ana alaƘanta ta da duk waďannan bayanai. Misali : Banga na bayanin sunan ganga, ana kiransu ‘yan banga domin yadda ake kaďa wa sarki ita wajen yaƘi domin kambama shi sannan ya tunzura ‘yan taurinsa, su kuma su tsima su fara kirari domin nuna wa sarki irin jarumawan da ke tare da shi a fagen fama.
Sannan nau’in rigar da ake kira ‘Banga’, ana kiran su ‘yan banga ne saboda irin nau’in rigar da suke sanye da ita ne a koyaushe mai kaloli iri-iri musamman tsanwa da rawaya da bulu da ja. Ko ina ka gan su ka san ‘yan tauri ne ko ‘yan banga masu jiran ko ta kwana.
Wannan kalma ta ‘yan banga ayukkanta sun dade, ana iya cewa ayukkanta sun fara tun lokacin da Bahaushe ya fara fuskantar barazanar hare-hare da yake-yake da Ƙalubalen miyagun halaye na fashi da makami da sace-sace da sane da sauran dabi’u na tashin-tashina da ke addabar al’umma tun a lokacin har bisa yau waďannan matsaloli sun tilasta wa al’ummar Hausawa har ma da maƘwabtansu kafa Ƙungiyoyi da za su sadaukar da kansu wajen kariyar lafiyarsu da dukiyoyinsu. Bayyanar matsaloli irin na rashin tsaro na daga cikin dalilin da suka sa ‘yan tauri su riƘa haďuwa domin tunkarar barazanar waďannan matsaloli na ta’addanci.
4.0 ‘Yantauri Da Ƙungiyar Banga A Aikin Tsaron Al’ummar Nijeriya
Ganin yadda ungiyar Boko Haram ta addabi Nijeriya da sauran nau ‘o’in barazana da faďace-faďace tsakanin makiyaya da manoma da tsagerancin tsagerun Niger Delta da yawaitar garkuwa da mutane da tarzomar addini da kabilanci da yawaitar kisan gilla da kisan siyasa da kisan ayukkan matsafa . Matsin waďannan matsaloli ya sa rashin tsaro ya Ƙara faďaďa kenan bukatar tsaro ta yawaita. Har ya sa an fara kira ga gwamnati tun lokacin shekara ta 1999 wato gwamnatin Olusegun Obasanjo, sai dai wannan batu bai samu kulawar gwamnatin tarayya ba sai lokacin shugaban Ƙasa maragayi Umar Musa ‘Yar ‘adu’a wanda shi ne shugaban Ƙasa na farko da ya fara na’am da karƂuwar ‘Yan banga a hukumance ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu, 2004, da sunan Ƙungiyar ‘Yan banga ta Nijeriya, wato Ƃigilante group of Nijeriya (ƂGN) a matsayin wata Ƙungiya mai tallafawa sauran sassan tsaro na Nijeriya.
Wannan batu na ‘Yan banga ya samu matsayi da karƂuwa a wasu jihohi, sai dai ta fuskoki daban daban har uku . Wasu sun dauke shi ta fuskar ‘Yan sandar Al ‘umma “community police” misali, jihar Sakkwato, gwamnatin jihar a wannan lokaci Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko,Sakin Ymman Sakkwato ya kira nasa “Sokoto State Security corps” su kuma jama’a suna kiran su ‘Yan sandar Alu.
Fitowa da wannan al’ummar ta tallafa wajen wannan tsaro a Jihar Sakkwato da dama musamman wajen samar wa matasa aikin yi wanda ya rage ambaliyar tsageron yara da sace-sace da kashe-kashe da sauran yawaitar ayukka masu nasaba da rashin aikin yi da matasa. Sannan su kansu ‘Yan sandar Alu suna taka rawa wajen daidaita tsaro da tabbatar da bin doka da oda a tsakanin al’ummarsu. A Kano, Hisba ce hukumar da ke wannan aikin. Su ‘Yan kareta doka odar ta shafi ababen hawa ne aikinsu.
A Jihar Oyo, inda aka ďauki su kimanin 11,000 inda ake kiransu da sunansu wato Ƃ.G.N. Ƙungiyar ‘Yanbanga ta Nigeria. Kuma al’ummar yankin suna nuna gamsuwarsu ga yadda suke sadaukar da kansu wajen tabbatar tsaron lafiyarsu da dukiyoyinsu (Freedom Online).
Idan muka dubi yankunan da ta’asar ayukkan Boko Haram suka yi katutu,Kamar Maiduuri da Yobe da Adamawa, tsananin rashin tsaron yake da yawa ana kiran ‘Yan bangar ‘’ Haďakar Jami’an tsaro na farin kaya (CiƂilian J.T.F) wannan haďakar ta haďa dukkan nau’o’in jami’an tsaro masu kaki da ‘yan banga masu ayukkan sa kai na yankin. Wannan haďakar ta yi matuƘar tasiri wajen yaƘi da ‘Yan Boko Haram. Musamman ganin cewa ‘yan Bangar su ne ‘yan gida kuma su ne suka san wane ne ba wane ne ba a ciki da wajen harkar Boko Haram da sauran ayukkan assha da ake aikatawa a yankin.
A yankunan Ƙasashen Igbo da makusantansu suna da irin waďannan Ƙungiyoyin na ‘yan Banga. Sun gudana tun kafin zuwan Turawan yamma a yankunan al’ummomi Igbo, Okeke, (2013:311) akwai Ƙungiyoyin maskured waďanda manufarsu shi ne tabbatar da tsaro, sannan daga bisani Ƙungiyoyi irin na unguwanni duk asalinsu na ‘yan banga ne sai dai daga baya masu jagorantarsu su karkatar da manufofinsu na asali zuwa son rai.
5.0 Nason Ƙuniyoyin Banga Da Na Sa – Kai Da Aiyukkansu A Wasu Litattafan Zube Na Hausa
Irin yadda lamarin nason tanadin tsaro ya ginu a tunanin Bahaushe, ya sa ana ganin tasirin wannan nason Ƙarara a wasu harkokin rayuwa na Ƙasar Hausa kamar yadda wasu biranen Ƙasar Hausa suke zagaye da gine – ginen ganuwa da sarautu masu nasaba tsaro kamar sarkin yaƘi ko magayaƘi ko lihidda ko muƘamai masu alaƘa da jagorancin Ƙungiyoyin sa – kai kamar sarkin karma wato shugaban ‘yan tauri da shugaban ‘yan banga da makamantansu. Kamar yadda in nason tsaron ya bayyana waƘoƘin baka da kirari musamman na ‘yan tauri kamar a bayanan da suka gabata, haka ne nason ya shafi rubuce – rubucen Bahaushe nalabarun zube. Wannan Ƃangare na wannan muƘala ya dubi nason Ƙungiyoyin tsaro wasu labarun zube.
A littafin Gwarzo, (1934) mun ga irin yadda Ƙungiyar Ƃarayi ta Idon matambayi da jama’arsa suka dami jama’a da sata da kashe – kashe. Wannan ya tilasta wa jama’ar kafa Ƙungiyar ‘yan gadi wato makamanciyar Ƙungiyar ‘yan banga kuma suka yi ta famar yaƘi da su da gungun Ƃarayin. Misali:
“Yana ta ja da baya suna bin sa, har ya sami dama ya zaro wuƘa daga kube. Ya riƘe ta a hannunsa. Sai Sarkin gadi ya yi kusa da shi zai kama shi. Idon matambayi ya soke shi da wuƘa a Ƙahon zuci. Sai Sani ya faďi matacce. Sauran ‘yan gadi kuma suka ta gudu”.
A cikin wannan bayani muna iya fahimtar ƘoƘarin da jama’asuka yi tabbatar da Ƙugiya ko ta ‘yan banga ko mai kama da ita domin tattalin tsaron kansu da dukiyoyinsu, saboda ga Ƃarayi ko ‘yan fashi suna ba-ta-kashi da jama’a har da kisan kai. Sannan muna iya fahimtar har shugaba garesu mai suna Sani a matsayin sarki ko shugaba. Haka ga wani bayani makamancin wannan mai nuni ga lamarin ayyukan banga:
“ďangadi ya kai wa Idon Matambayi duka da sanda ya same shi.
Idon Matambayi ya yi fushi ya yi maza ya zare takobi ya fille kan
ďangadi ya faďi matacce”.
Wannan bayani na nuni da irin yadda ďangadi ya nuna ďabi’a irin ta ‘yan tauri ta rashin shakku ko tsoro ga tunkarar sababi komai gimansa. Kuma da Ƙarshe Ƃarawon ya zama ajalinsa.Idan muka shiga littafin Tafawa Ƃalewa, (1934:20) Shaihu Umar daidai inda ďansane ya sace Umar ya shiga da shi kogon dutse a wani sunƘurun daji. Daga bisani wasu jama’a ‘yan sa-ka sun fantsama cikin daji har inda yake Ƃoye daUmar kuma ga abin da yake cewa:
Da masu nema na suka kusato kogon inda muke, sai wani daga cikinsu ya ce,
“Kada mu wuce wannan wuri, domin da na sani a wajajen nan akwai wani kogo
Inda wata rana da muka fito gudummuwa muka kama wani ďan sane da ya sato
yarinya. Sai mu je mu duba nan tukuna, in ba bu komai mu wuce” Duk abin da
suke faďi muna ji. Sai mutumin nan ya ďauko wuƘa tasa ya aza mini a wuya , ya
ce in na yi magana ko ďan motsi ma lalle zai yanka ni”
Idan aka dubi bayanin da sama sai lura da abubuwa biyu da suka danganci wannan muƘala, da farko dai wannan mutum Umar ya ji yana magana yana daga cikin ‘yan sa-kai domin nemo Umar da tabbatar da tsaronsa. Sannan abu na biyu, bayin wannan mutum ya nuna cewa wannan sane ba shi ne na farko ba an taƂa sace wata yarinya wani lokaci a baya, kuma a wannan kogon suka kama ďan sanen tare da yarinyar
MuƘala ta lalubo wani misali daga littafin Imam, (1937:22-25) wato Magana Jari Ce 1 a labari mai taken” Banza Ta Kori Wofi”. Labarin ya nuna yadda ‘yan gadi suka tunkaari wasu Ƃarayin rogo saidai da ya ke Ƙauyawa ne kuma sabon-shiga, sun kasa kama Ƃarayin, kamar yadda wani bafade ke wa sarki bayanin abin da ya faru kamar haka:
“Waďannan ‘Yan Gadin waďansu sakarkarun Ƙauyawa ne, sabon shiga.
Da jin yadda suka tasam maƂarayin nan da hauka haka, a ka san gaulaye
ne, tashin Ƙauye ka san ‘Yan Gadin ne na sosai, Allah ya ba ka nasara, sai
su laƂaƂa da yake a na duhu, su kama su a hannu ba su sani ba; to ka ga
yadda suka Ƃata al’amarin.”
A wannan bayani muna iya ganin nason aiyukkan ‘yan banga a cikin labarin.
5.0 Kammalawa
Tauri a Ƙasar Hausa, lamari ne da ke tattare da abubuwan da ke buƘatar a yi nazarinsu, sannan a yi tunanin inganta su yadda za su Ƙara zama masu amfani ga al’umma maimakon ayukkan tankiya. Misali a dubi al’adun ‘yan tauri na jaruntaka da rashin tsoro da tsura da tsoratarwa da ya zama wani ma’auni na iya tunkarar duk wata tankiya ko tashi-tashina yadda watakila hukumomi da Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko jama’a masu abun hannunsu sun ďauki nauyin yi musu wani horo a kan wani yardadden tsari yadda za su taimaka wa Ƙasa baki ďaya ta fagen kariya da tsaro, maimakon faďa da barazana ga junansu.
Ganin irin yadda tsaro ya takaita a Nijeriya, al’ummar Ƙasar sun yi na’am da kafuwar Ƙungiyar Banga ta Ƙasa kamar yadda ďaya daga cikin uwayen Ƙungiyar ta kasa Oba Lamidi Olayiwola Adeyemi ya yi bayani, ya ce irin yadda ta’addancin ke yawaita a cikin al’umma Ƙarfafa irin waďannan Ƙungiyoyi ya zama tilas. Sannan jama’a sun yi na’am da ayukkan Ƙungiyar ‘Yan Banga. Sannan idan an yi la’akari da maganar Babban Kwamandan Ƙungiyar ta kasa Mista Sunday Olajide da ya ce duk da yake ma’aikatan ‘yan banga ta Ƙasa suna aiki ne a kan kishin Ƙasa ba mai karƂar ko sisi a matsayin albashin aikinsu, kuma yawansu ya kai kimanin 30,000 , ya nuna irin ƘoƘarinsu ga aiki ne ya sa suka Ƙwato uwar gidan kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Osun, ga kuma irin rawar da kungiyar ta taka wajen yaƘi da Boko Haram.
Wannan ya yi daidai da kirarin da Dan taragon Fatara ya yi cikin kirarinsa har yake cewa “A ba su dama su shigo yaƘi da ‘yan fashi da sauran ‘yan ta’adda a Nijeriya. Wannan muƘala ta ga buƘatar hukumomi su dubi batutuwa irin na ďan taragon Fatara ga makomar Ƙasashe ba wai Nijeriya da Nijar kawai ba, har ma da sauran duk Ƙasashen Afirka baki ďaya, musamman idan an dubi yadda matsalar rashin tsaro ta yi katutu, a yau ga Sojoji da sauran jami’an tsaro da makamai a yankunan Afirka amma tsaro da kwanciyar hankali sun faskara a tsakanin al’ummomin wannan yanki. Shawara a nan ita ce, duk Ƙasar Afirka da ke da ‘yan tauri to ta yi tunanin haďa su da jami’an tsaronta wajen yaki da ta’addanci ta gwada ta gani kamar Nijeriya ta haďa haďakar ‘yan banga da jami’an tsaro (CiƂilian Joint Task Force).
Karanta wani
https://www.amsoshi.com/2017/07/18/waiwaye-adon-tafiya-fadakarwa-cikin-kagaggun-labaran-hausa/
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.