Hausawa Da Gwagwarmayar Tanadi a Duniyar Intanet

An ciro daga littafin:

BIƊA DA TANADI A DUNIYAR INTANET
(Sana’o’i, Kasuwanci, Ƙwadago)

Na

Abu-Ubaida SANI
Abdulrahman ALIYU

Manazartar Littafi: Sani, A-U. & Aliyu, A. (2026). Biɗa Da Tanadi a Duniyar Intanet (Sana'o'i, Kasuwanci, Ƙwadago). Amsoshi Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-62480-1-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21361768

Tuntuɓa Domin Samun Littafi: 

Dr. Abu-Ubaida Sani: Imel - abuubaidasani5@gmail.com | WhatsApp - 08133529736

Dr. Abdulrahman Aliyu: WhatsApp - 08036954354

5.0 Shimfiɗa

An kawo bayanai dangane da tanadin Hausawa a babi na ɗaya da na biyu. Yayin da ake ci gaba da samun sauye-sauyen zamani, dabarun tanadin Hausawa sun ci gaba da sake samun canji da bunƙasa. Tun kafin shigowar intanet aka ji wani sauyin zamani game da yadda Hausawa suke ajiyar kuɗi a Bakin Gambu. Yana cewa:

Don in na ce randa,

Wani randa ta ruwa za ya ce min.

To, randa ma’ajin kuɗɗi na dauriiii,

Sanda ba ajiya banki akai ba.

(Muhammad Gambo Fagada: Waƙar Kashe Mace)

Za a iya fahimtar cewa, a duniyar Hausawan zamanin wannan waƙar, tuni aka fara ajiyar kuɗi a bankuna. Hakan ya sa har tarihin al’adar ajiye kuɗi a cikin randa ya fara ƙaranci a tsakanin al’umma. Wasu ba su san da cewa randa tana amfani wajen adana kuɗi ba. A maimakon haka, amfanin randa da suka sani kawai shi ne ajiye ruwa.

Samuwar intanet kuwa ya zo da sababbin hanyoyin tanadi. Fitattu daga cikin hanyoyin tanadin da Hausawa za su iya cin gajiyarsu sun haɗa da:

a. Tsarin adana kuɗi a bankuna

b. Kuɗin intanet/kadarar intanet

c. Kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje

5.1 Tsarin Adana Kuɗi a Bankuna

Ajiye kuɗi a banki a yau ya zama gama-gari. Ya kasance tamkar ajiye kuɗi a aljihu sakamakon yadda ake da hanyoyin taransifa cikin sauƙi.[1] Mai kuɗin yana iya amfani da su a duk lokacin da ya ga dama (sai dai idan akwai wata matsala ta musamman kamar rashin sabis ɗin intanet). A bisa wannan dalilin, a yanzu ba za a ɗauki ajiye kuɗi a banki cikin tsarin gama-gari a matsayin hanyar tanadi a tsakanin Hausawa ba.

Duk da bayanin da ya gabata a sama, akwai tsare-tsare na musamman a bankuna da suke ba wa mutum damar adana kuɗi a matsayin tanadi na dogon lokaci ko gajere. Kowane banki yana da irin nasa tsarin. Wannan bincike ya ci karo da Hausawa masu yawa da suke amfani da ire-iren waɗannan tsare-tsare. Waɗansu Hausawan sukan yi amfani da hanyoyi sama da ɗaya. Misalansu sun haɗa da:

A – Asusun Hajji (Hajj Savings)

Wannan wani tsarin asusu ne wanda ake yi a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Aikin Hajji Ta Ƙasa (National Hajj Commission of Nigeria (NAHCON)) da Hukumomin Kula Da Jin Daɗi Da Walwalar Alhazai Na Jahohi (States Pilgrims Welfare Boards (SPWB)) tare da haɗin guiwar Bankin Jaiz (Jaiz Bank Plc.) (Jaiz Bank, 2024). Wannan nau’in asusu yana ba da damar tara kuɗi a hankali domin tanadin zuwa aikin Hajji.

Abubuwa biyu suna daga cikin dalilan da suka sa ya kasance mai nagarta. Na farko ya kasance wanda ya saka kuɗi a irin wannan nau’in asusu, to ba zai iya cirewa ba. Hakan zai ba shi ƙwarin guiwar dogewa domin ya ci gaba da tara kuɗin har su kai na zuwa aikin Hajji.[2] Abu na biyu kuwa shi ne, za a riƙa yin kasuwanci da kuɗaɗen da mutum ya saka sannan a sanya masa wani kaso na ribar a kan kuɗaɗensa (NAHCON, 2021). Wannan dama ce ga Hausawa ta yin asusu domin tafiya Hajji, musamman yanzu da kuɗin kujerar Hajji ta yi tsada.

B – Asusun Yara

A dokar Nijeriya, sai yaro ya kai shekara goma sha takwas (18) kafin ya iya buɗe akawun a banki. Duk da haka, bankuna da dama sun fitar da tsarin yi wa yara asusu. Wannan cigaban zamani ne kan yadda ‘ya’yan Hausawa suke adana ‘yan kuɗaɗensu a asusun laka ko makamancin hakan. Ana yin wannan asusu ne bisa dalilai masu yawa da suka shafi tanadi na musamman a yaran. Yana iya kasancewa tanadin kuɗin tura su karatu ko buɗe musu kasuwanci ko gina musu gida ko sayen abin hawa ko yi musu aure, da makamantansu.

Yawanci bankuna sukan saka ƙa’idojin da dole a cike su kafin cire kuɗi a ire-iren waɗannan akawun ɗin. Dole ne ya kasance za a cire kuɗin ne kawai domin biyan buƙatun yaran da aka buɗe akawun ɗin dominsu. Ko ba komai ƙa’idojin sukan rage yiwuwar cire kuɗi don biyan ƙananan buƙatun yau da kullum.

Bankunan Nijeriya masu yawa suna da wannan tsari. Hausawa suna iya buɗe wa ‘ya’yansu irin wannan asusu na zamani (na kan intanet). Daga cikin bankunan Nijeriya da suke da wannan tsari akwai:

Jadawali Na 11: Asusun Yara a Wasu Bankunan Nijeriya

	Sunan Banki	Sunan Asusu
1.	Access Bank	Early Savers Account[3]
2.	Ecobank Nigeria	MyFirst Account[4]
3.	First Bank	KidsFirst[5]
4.	Guaranty Trust Bank	Smart Kids Save (SKS)[6]
5.	Sterling Bank	I Can Save (Minor)[7]
6.	United Bank For Africa	UBA Kiddies Account[8]
7.	Zenith Bank	Zenith Children’s Account (ZECA)[9]

Madogara: Fabmumng (2020), Dapo-Thomas (2024), Naira Compare (2024)

C – A Ci Ɗaya a Adana Ɗaya (Save as You Spend)

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, ajiya a banki yau tamkar ajiye kuɗi a aljihu ne. Mai su yana iya yin taransifa a kowane lokaci. Domin samun damar adana kuɗi, bankuna sun fito da wani tsari mai suna Save as You Spend. Wannan tsari ne wanda yake ba wa kwastomomi damar adana kuɗaɗe. Hausawa suna da damar amfani da wannan tsari domin adana kuɗaɗensu a kan intanet.

Yanda tsarin yake aiki shi ne, mutum zai saita wani kaso (1%) da yake so a adana masa a duk lokacin da ya kashe kuɗi. A bisa misali, idan albashinsa naira dubu ɗari ne (100,000), yana iya saita cewa a riƙa ɗaukar kashi goma (10%) na duk kuɗaɗen da ya kashe. Duk taransifa ɗin da ya yi, za a cire adadin da ya kai kashi goma (10%) na abin da ya tura a adana masa a asusunsa na A Ci Ɗaya a Adana Ɗaya. Wannan yana nuna cewa, a lokacin da zai kashe kimanin dubu casa’in (90,000), zai zama an adana masa kimanin dubu goma (10,000).

Wannan hanya ce ta yin tanadi a zamanance domin amfani da kuɗaɗen da mutum ya tara a wani lokaci na daban. A ƙasa an kawo misalan wasu bankunan Nijeriya da suke da wannan tsarin, waɗanda kuma Hausawa suna iya amfani da su:

Jadawali Na 12: Tsarin A Ci Ɗaya a Adana Ɗaya a Wasu Bankunan Nijeriya

	Sunan Banki	Sunan Asusu
1.	Ecobank	Ecobank Save As You Spend[10]
2.	Gruanty Trust Bank	Spend 2 Save[11]
3.	Kuda	Spend + Save[12]
4.	PalmPay	Spend & Save[13]

Madogara: Akintaro (2023), Kafafen Intanet Na Bankuna

5.2 Kuɗin Intanet/Kadarar Intanet

Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa, kuɗaɗe da kadarorin intanet suna tafiya ne a tare. Bugu da ƙari, ana ba su suna ne a muhallin da suka kasance. Ma’ana dai, nau’in kuɗi a wani muhalli yana iya kasancewa kadara a wani muhallin na daban. A lokacin da aka haƙi wani nau’in kadara aka adana, to abin da aka adanan yana mazaunin kadara ne. Idan kuwa aka shiga kasuwa da shi domin saye da sayarwa, to ‘yankasuwa suna kiran sa da suna kuɗin intanet.[14]

Duk da haka, akwai abubuwan da kai tsaye kadarori ne a kan intanet, duk kuwa da cewa ana sayar da su domin a sayi kuɗaɗen intanet ko kuma kuɗaɗen duniyar zahiri. Waɗannan sun fi shafar dauwamammun kadarorin intanet waɗanda aka tattauna a ƙarƙashin 4.4.2.1.1.1.4 da yake sama.

Hausawa sukan tanadi kuɗaɗe ko kadarorin intanet su ajiye su na tsawon lokaci. Yayin da lokacin ya yi, za a sayar da su domin biyan buƙata. An fi yin hakan musamman lokacin da ake son guje wa yawan faɗuwar darajar kuɗaɗen duniyar zahiri. Wasu daga cikin kadarorin intanet da ake adanawa sun haɗa da:

a. Binance Coin (BNB)

b. Bitcoin (BTC)

c. Dauwamammun Kadarorin Intanet (NFT)

d. Ethereum (ETH)

e. Tether (USDT)

f. USD Coin (USDC)[15]

5.3 Kuɗaɗen Ƙasashen Waje

A baya an nuna cewa a yau akan adana kuɗaɗe da kadarorin duniyar intanet a matsayin tanadi. A duniyar zahiri ma akan adana wasu nau’o’in kuɗaɗe musamman dalar Amurka. Daga cikin masu irin wannan asusu har da Hausawa. Akan yi hakan ne musamman da yake a tarihi, har kullum darajar dala ƙaruwa take yi a kan naira. Haka wannan al’amari yake a duniyar intanet.

Ana iya buɗe akawun sannan a adana dala a ciki zuwa wani lokacin da ake buƙata. Wasu kuma sukan sayi dalar sannan su adana ta a wani wurin da ba za ta lalace ba. A shekarar 2016 zuwa 2018, jaridu a Nijeriya sun kawo labaran yadda wasu ‘yan Nijeriya suka ajiye daloli har a cikin sokawe (soakaway).[16] Masu shirin zuwa aikin Hajji ma suna iya adana kuɗaɗensu cikin dala. Hakan yana taimakawa wajen kauce wa yin hasara yayin da darajar naira ta faɗi. M.A. Ibrahim (keɓantacciyar tattaunawa, 13 ga watan Yuni 2024).[17]

5.4 Naɗewa

Lallai don gobe ake wanke tukunya, sannan ajiya maganin wata rana. Muhimmancin tanadi ya sa kowane zamani yake tafiya da hanyoyi daban-daban na tanada kuɗi da sauran nau’ukan dukiya. Tattali yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwa. Da taimakon Ubangiji, tattali yana taimakawa wajen kauce wa faɗawa cikin yanayin ƙunci da ƙaƙa-ni-ka-yi a lokacin lalurori da buƙatun kuɗi na gaggawa.

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[1] Hanyoyi uku da aka fi amfani da su a yau na taransifa a tsakanin Hausawa su ne (i) amfani da manhaja, (ii) amfani da lamba (USSD), da kuma (iii) amfani da katin ATM domin wanda za a tura wa ya cire ta na’urar POS.

[2] Duk da haka, ana iya fita gaba ɗaya daga cikin tsarin. Akwai ƙa’idojin da za a cike kafin fita.

[3] A duba https://www.accessbankplc.com/personal/kids-teens/early-savers-account.

[4] A duba https://www.ecobank.com/ng/personal-banking/everyday-banking/savings-accounts/my-first.

[5] A duba https://www.firstbanknigeria.com/personal/accounts/savings/kidsfirst/.

[6] A duba https://www.gtbank.com/personal-banking/accounts/savings-investment-accounts/smart-kids-save-sks.

[7] A duba https://sterling.ng/personal/i-can-save/.

[8] A duba https://www.ubagroup.com/nigeria/personal-banking/accounts/savings-accounts/kids-savings-account/.

[9] A duba https://www.zenithbank.com/zeca/.

[10] Kwastoma yana iya saita adana kashi ɗaya zuwa goma (1-10%) na dukkannin taransifa da zai yi. A duba https://www.ecobank.com/group/news-and-media/news?news=20190814060018881JDXRCZJY99.

[11] Kwastoma yana iya saita adana kashi ɗaya zuwa biyar (1-5%) na dukkannin taransifa da zai yi. A duba https://www.gtbank.com/personal-banking/services/e-banking/spend-2-save.

[12] Kuda ɗaya ne daga cikin bankunan kan intanet da suke tashe a Nijeriya. A duba https://kuda.com/en-ng/save/.

[13] PalmPay ɗaya ne daga cikin bankunan kan intanet da suke tashe sosai a Nijeriya. Suna bayar da damar saita adana kashi ɗaya zuwa ɗari (1-100%) na dukkannin kuɗaɗen da mutum yake kashewa a kan manhajarsu.

[14] Wannan abin haka yake har a harshen Ingilishi inda ake da cryptocurrency da kuma digital asset, wato dai ‘kuɗin intanet’ da kuma ‘kadarar intanet.’ Hausawa da dama sun Hausantar da kalmar “crypto” zuwa “kirifto.”

[15] A duba Saifedean (2018) da Gonçalves et al., (2023).

[16] A duba Nathan (2016) da Ozogwu (2016).

[17] Ma’aikaci ne a kamfani mai zaman kansa da yake aikin jagorancin sama wa mahajjanta bisa da jigilar su zuwa Hajji.