Gurbin Karin Magana a Rayuwar Hausawa

Daga

Shafa'atu Salihu Labbo
Abu-Ubaida Sani

Karin magana wani babban kogi ne da masana da marubuta da manazarta da dama suka yi nutso wajen ƙoƙarin fito da ma’anarsa. Wannan tagomashi da ya samu yana nuni da matuƙar tasirinsa ga rayuwar Hausawa da kuma gurbi na musamman da yake da shi al’adu da adabin Hausawa.

A Ƙamusun Hausa na Jami’ar Bayero, an bayyana ma’anar karin magana da cewa: “Karin magana, magana ce ta musamman wadda sai an yi tsokaci ake ganewa” (CNHN, 2006 sh. 235). A taƙaice wannan yana nuni da cewa, ma’ana da manufar karin magana ba daidai suke da zantuka na yau da kullum ba, kasancewarta magana ta musamman.

Ɗangambo (1984 sh. 38) cewa ya yi: “Karin magana dubara ce, ta dunƙule magana mai yawa a cikin zance ko ‘yan kalmomi kaɗan cikin hikima.” Ke nan, ita dai karin magana wasu ‘yan taƙaitattun kalmomi ne waɗanda suke dunƙule da hikima mai yawa. Ma’anar da Zarruƙ da wasu (1986) suka bayar ta yi matuƙar kama da wannan. Sun ce: “Karin magana gajeren zance ne wanda yake ƙunshe da hikima” Zarruƙ da wasu (1986 sh. 38). A nan ma, za a iya fahimtar cewa, a koyaushe karin magana ba ta rabuwa da gajarcin zance da kuma tarin hikima a cikinta, tamkar dai yadda Birniwa (2005 sh. 57) ya bayyana ma’anar karin magana da cewa “Gajeruwar jimla ce da ake sakaya ma’ana da ita, wadda idan aka warware ta sai ta bayar da ma’ana mai tsawo, wadda mafi yawan kalmomin da ke cikinta ba su ƙunsa ba, sai dai suna da dangantaka da ita.”

Gwammaja (2010) ya jaddada hikimar da ake dunƙulewa a cikin karin magana, a inda ya bayar da ma’anarta da cewa: “Maganganu ne na hikima masu ɗimbin yawa ake cure su waje guda domin su fito a taƙaice ba tare da sun gimshi mai sauraro ba” Gwammaja, (2010:8). Muhammad (2020 sh. 286) ya kawo dogon bayani game da ma’anar karin magana a inda ya ce: “Karin magana wasu kalmomi ne da akan yi don su zama hannunka mai sanda, wato suna ishara ga wani abu, akan dunƙule Hausa, domin kuwa Hausar a dunƙule za ta zo sai in mutum na da tunani zai gane ko kuma ya taɓa jin an yi wa wani, don takan ƙunshi ma’ana da yawa sannan ga ilimantarwa.”

Ko bayan waɗannan, masana da manazarta daban-daban sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu game da ma’anar karin magana. Daga cikinsu akwai Yahaya da wasu (1992 sh. 30) da Galadanci (1993 shi.16) da Zarruƙ da wasu (1995 sh. 56) da Muhammad (2000 sh. 23) da Bunza, (2006 sh. 283) da Junaidu da ‘Yar’aduwa (2007 sh. 79) da Koko (2011 sh. 1) da Ɗanhausa (2012 sh. 39) da Malumfashi da Nahuce (2014) da Bunza, (2017:3).

Idan aka yi nazarin waɗannan ra’ayoyin masana da suka gabata game ma’anar karin magana, kuma aka tattara lafuzzan da suka yi amfani da su, za a iya lura da cewa akwai wasu mihamman kalmomi da suke haɗuwa su bayar da ma’anar karin magana. Kalmomin su ne:

a. dabara

b. hikima

c. zalaƙa

d. salo

e. taƙaitawa ko dunƙulewa ko gajarcewa

Lura da wannan, za a iya cewa karin magana zancen hikima ne wanda yake ƙunshe da faffaɗan kalaman hikima da falsafa wanda aka taƙaita cikin salon ƙwarewa da zalaƙa wanda kuma yake hasko hoton lamuran da suka shafi rayuwa ta fuskoki mabambanta.

Karin magana abu ne wanda yake da matuƙar tasiri a rayuwar Hausawa. Yana taka rawa ta ɓangarori daban-daban:

a. A maganganun yau da kullum, ya kasance kwalliyar zance da yake nuna zalaƙar ƙwarewa da harshe tare da isar da saƙo dunƙulalle cikin kalamai kaɗan. Waɗanda suke yawan amfani da karin magana akan ji daɗin hira da su. Akan ɗauke su a matsayin masu fasaha musamman wadda ta shafi ƙwarewar sarrafa harshe.

b. A cikin adabi kuwa, tuni karin magana ya kasance tamkar gishiri. Ya kasance tamkar babban tauraro daga cikin dukkannin salailai ko nau’ukan adon zance da ake amfani da su a cikin ayyukan adabi. Tun daga kan waƙoƙin baka da rubutattu da na zamani (na sutudiyo), karin magana ya kasance tamkar kwalliyar zinare a cikinsu. Haka abin yake yayin da aka koma kan rubutun zube da wasan kwaikwayo. Za a ƙara fahimtar wannan yayin da aka nazarci ayyuka irin na Birnuwa (2005) wanda ya nazarci karin magana a cikin waƙoƙin soyayya da Geza (2009) wanda ya nazarci matsayin karin magana a cikin rubutun adabin Hausa.

c. Karin magana ya kasance babban madubi wanda daga cikinsa ake kallon rayuwar Hausawa baki ɗayanta. Wannan ne ya sa ya zuwa yau aka gudanar da ayyukan binciken ilimi masu yawa da suka shafi nazartar wasu ɓangarorin rayuwar Hausawa daga madubin karin magana. Daga cikinsu har da ayyukan Hassan (2009) wanda ya nazarci karin magana masu nuna rarrashi. Aikin nasa ya nuna cewa, daga cikin ƙunshiyar karin magana akwai waɗanda suke ɗauke da hoton rarrashi. Sarkin Gulbi (2014) ya duba magungunan Hausa daga ma’aunin karin magana. Labbo (2018) kuwa kai tsaye ta nazarci hoton mata a cikin karin magana. Waɗannan bincike da sauran makamantansu suna nuni da yadda ƙunshiyar karin magana ke ɗauke da hoton fannonin rayuwa daban-daban.

Manazarta

Labbo, S.S. & Sani, A-U. (2025). Aure a ƙunshiyar karin magana. Amsoshi Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-1-257-07209-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19513449