Bukin Shan Kabewa a Kasar Hausa: Madubi Ne Na Кyallaro Rayuwar Hausawa Ta Gargajiya

Takardar da aka Gabatar a Taron Ranar Hausa na Ƙungiyar Raya Al’adun Hausawa, A Babban Ɗakin Taro, Sashen Nazarin Harshen Hausa, Kwalejin Ilimi Ta Isa Kaita, Dutsin-Ma,ta Jihar Katsina, A Ranar 22 Ga Watan Agusta, 2019

BUKIN SHAN KABEWA A ƘASAR HAUSA: MADUBI NE NA КYALLARO RAYUWAR HAUSAWA TA GARGAJIYA

Daga

Abdulrahaman Ado PhDP
Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya,
Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Katsina-Nijeriya
e-mails: ado.abdulrahaman@umyu.edu.ng
ado_fashi63@yahoo.com

Phone Nos: (+234) 08066177053 (MTN)
08077610084 (GLO)
07089706117 (AIRTEL/ZAIN)

Tsakure

Kowace al’umma ta duniya tana gudanar da bukukuwanta na wasu al’amuranta da kan samu na fari ciki. Hausawa ma, a matsayinsu na al’umma ta ‘yan Afirka, ba a bar su a baya ba, a wajen gudanar da bukukuwansu na gargajiya da na zamani, domin nuna farin cikin samuwar wani abu na murna. Kasancewar al’umma cikin murna da farin ciki, abu ne wanda ke kawo mata ci-gaba da bunƙasa da kuma samun walwalar gudanar da dukkan rayuwarta a cikin farin ciki. A cikin wannan takarda, an kawo bayanai a kan Bikin Shan Kabewa, wanda ake yin shi don murnar zagayowar kakar samuwar abinci iri-iri. Wannan biki ne da ‘yan bori ke shirya shi, amma ya kasance yana taɓa ruhin kowa a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Muhimmancinsa a al’ummar Hausawa yana da yawa, amma ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne samuwar mizani na madubi mai ƙyallaro rayuwar Hausawa ta gargajiya gaba ɗayanta. A cikinsa ake ƙyallaro harshen Hausawa wanda akan furta wasu kalmomi da lafuzzan da suka keɓantu da bikin. Haka kuma, bikin yana ƙyallaro al’adun Hausawa da suka danganci addininsu na gargajiya da ire-iren abincinsu da suturarsu da magungunansu da makamantansu. Kazalika, akwai ƙyallro adabin Hausawa da bikin ke yi, ta fuskar ire-iren raye-rayensu da waƙe-waƙensu da kirarinsu da takensu da kayan kiɗansu da makamantansu da yawa. Bayan nan kuma, a cikin takardar, an yi bayani na hanyoyi uku da aka bi don gudanar da wannan bincike, wato karantawa daga rubutattun bayanai da hira da mutane ta hanyar tambayarsu da kuma ganin da ido, na yadda ake yin bori. An gabatar da takardar bisa manufar fito da muhimmancin bukukuwan Hausawa na gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa, musamman a bikin shan-kabewa. An zaɓi a ɗora wannan bincike a bisa “Ra’in Ƙyallaro Al’adu” (Cultural Reflection Theory), wanda wani Bature mai suna John Locke (1632-1704) ya assasa. Shi ra’i ne mai zama a matsayin madubi, wanda ake yin amfani da shi domin hango abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin al’umma. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa, Bikin Shan Kabewa, bikin ne da ke kawo bunƙasar rayuwar ‘yan bori da ma dukkan Hausawa ta fanin harshe da adabi da al’adu.

Muhimman Kalmomin Bincike:

1.Biki

2. Shan Kabewa

3. Gargajiya

 4. Madubi

5.Ƙyallarowa

 

1.0 Gabatarawa

Biki wani taro ne da ake yi na shagali da manufar nuna farin cikin samuwar wani abu da ake murnar samuwarsa, a cikin al’umma (Jami'ar Bayero, 2006:46; Abraham, 1978:99; Ado, 2015:2). Hausawa suna da nau’o’in bukukuwa daban-daban. Wasu bukukuwan na gargajiya ne, wasu kuwa na zamani ne. Kazalika, wasu suna da dangantaka da addini, wasu kuwa na nishaɗi ne kawai. Akwai kuma waɗanda ake gudanar da su a yau da kullum, saboda samuwar abubuwan fari ciki, a kai-a kai. Amma kuma, wasu akan gudanar da su sau ɗaya a shekara, ya yin da abubuwan shekara-shekara na farin ciki suka samu (Galadanci, 2011:81; Funtua, 2010:63; Alhassan, 1988:74).

Shi kuwa Bikin Shan Kabewa, biki ne da ake gudanarwa sau ɗaya a shekara. Biki ne na gargajiya wanda ‘Yan bori, ma’abota addinin gargajiya, wanda ke yi wa iskoki bauta da sauran hidimomi, ke yin sa (Galadanci, 2011:81). ‘Yan bori su ne suke yin bori. Bori kuwa tsohuwa al’ada ce ta nau’in addinin gargajiya wadda ake bin wata hanya da ake bautar iskoki ko aljanu da lallashinsu domin a sami biyan wata buƙata (Sallau, 2013:25; Abubakar, 2012:6). ‘Yan bori, a kodayaushe, suna bin tadar bori, ta yadda za su bi dokokin da aka shimfiɗa masu, na yi wa iskoki hidima (Bunza, 2006:83). ‘Yan borin da ke gudanar da Bikin Shan Kabewa rukuni ne na Hausawan da ba su cikin waɗanda ke bautar Kan-Gida da Dodanni (Ado, 2005:6).

Shi kuwa addini, wata hanya ce ta bautar mahalicci ko wani abu da ake jin tsoronsa domin gudun kada ya lahanta mutum, ko kuma domin a samu biyan wasu buƙatu daga wajensa. Ita aƙida ce ta kowane ɗan’Adam da ke sosa zuciya. kuma shi ne ke sarrafa al’ummar da ɗan’Adam ke zaune a cikinta (Yakasai, 2012:141).

Shi kuwa addinin gargajiya, shi ne tsohon addinin da Hausawa ke riƙe da shi, tun kaka da kakanni, wanda ba saukakke ne daga Allah ba. Irinsa ne kamar su bori da tsafi, wanda al’umma ke samun wani abin da suke tsoro, yake biya masu buƙatu, su yi ta bautarsa, kamar dodo ko aljani da makamanyansu (Sule, 1974:26; Abubakar, 2012:8).

Ƙasar Hausa ita ce wadda take cikin Afirka ta Yamma, a cikin farfajiyar da ke a tsakanin hamadar Sahara. Idan aka duba daga kudu, ta iyaka da dazuzzukan da suka nusa suka nufi gaɓar tekun Atlantika. Ita ce wadda wasu masana ke kira da sunan ƙasar Sudan ta Yamma, wadda daga yamma take a tsakanin Tafkin Cadi da guiwar Kogin Kwara. A yau, ƙasar Hausa tana cikin farfajiyar Arewa a cikin Nijeriya. Mutanen da ke zaune a cikin wannan farfajiya, akasarinsu Hausawa ne da Fulani (Alhassan, 1988:3; Gusau, 2010:1).

Hausawa mutane ne masu tsananin riƙon al’adunsu na gargajiya. Tun a jiya, har zuwa yau, suna riƙe da al’adunsu da ya danganci addininsu na gargajiya, ba ma kamar irr-iren abubuwan da suka danganci camfi da bokanci da tsibbu, wanda akan yi ɗa’a ga iskoki da yi masu abubuwan da suke buƙata. Tun daga zamanin dauri har zuwa yau, akan gudanar da wasu bukukuwan da suka danganci bauta ga iskoki, irin su Bikin Shan Kabewa da Bori da sauran wasu tadodin da suka danganci wannan bauta (Alhassan, 1988:6).

Manufar gabatar da wannan takarda shi ne a yi bita da yin waiwaye akan al’adun Hausawa na gargajiya domin a sake bijiro da muhimmancinsu a idon duniya. An kawo nazari a kan Bikin Shan Kabewa a matsayin samfuri wanda daga gare shi ake iya hango waɗannan muhimman lamurra da suka shafi rayuwar Hausawa.

2.0 Hanyoyin Gudanar da Bincike.

 Wannan bincike ne irin na tarihi. Irin wannan bincike shi ne wanda mai bincike ke bin diddigin wasu abubuwan da aka yi, waɗanda suka wuce, amma ana nazarinsu, ta hanyar bayyanan yadda suke a zamanin dauri, sannan a yi amfani da bayanan da aka samu a kansu domin gyara abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau (Ado, 2018:39; Akuezuilo, 1993:7). Kazalika, irin wannan bincike na son a ziyarci wuraren tarihi n inda abubuwan dauri suka gudana domin gani da ido na hotuna ko wasu gine-gine da makamantansu (Bello, 2010:5).

Bikin Shan Kabewa, biki ne na zamanin dauri, wanda ake samun ɓurɓushin yadda yake a yau, a cikin al’adun bori da kuma gudanar da wasu abubuwan bautar al’ajanu na maguzanci da Hausawa kan aikata a yau. Don tabbatar da an binciko yadda bikin yake, da yadda ake gudanar da shi, da kuma tasirinsa ga al’ummar Hausawa, an bi waɗannan hanyoyi guda uku na bincike, kamar haka:

Da farko, an yi amfani da rubutattun bayanai a kan yadda wannan biki yake da yadda ake gudanar da shi a ƙasar Hausa. Rubutattun bayanan sun haɗa da bugaggun litattafai da kundayen bincike da takardun da aka gabatar a tarukan ƙara wa juna sani da kuma mujallu da aka buga ƙasidu a cikinsu.

Hanya ta biyu, ita ce wadda mai bincike ya gani da ido, tare da ganawa da wasu waɗanda suke da dangantaka da wannan biki, irin su ‘yan bori da bokaye. Waɗannan rukunin mutane ne da ke da alhakin gudanar da bukukuwan da suke da ɓurɓushin wannan biki da ake bincike a kai.

Daga ƙarshe, hanya ta uku da aka bi ita ce ta tsara wasu tambayoyi na bincike a cikin takarda, wadda aka ba wasu mutane, malamai da ɗalibai, waɗanda suke da ilimi a kan wannan biki. Amsohin da suka bayar ne aka yi amfani da su a wannan bincike.

3.0 Ra’in Bincike

An zaɓi a ɗora wannan bincike bisa “Ra’in Madubin Ƙyallaro Al’adu” (Cultural Reflection Theory). Wannan ra’i ne wanda ake iya yin amfani da harshe ko al’’ada ko adabi a matsayin wani madubin da za a iya hango ire-iren abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin al’umma (Ado, 2017:84; Ado, 2018:7). Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, wannan ra’i ne da ya samo asali daga Makarantar Zahiranci ta Biritaniya (British School of Cultural Reflection) (Gusau, 2015:5; Ado, 2018:7). Wani masani mai suna John Locke (1632-1704) ne ya assasa shi, a bisa aƙidar cewa dukkan ilimin da mutum yake da shi, wani madubi ne shi mai hango rayuwar duniya ta haƙiƙa (Rogers, 2017:1-10). Daga baya, wasu Turawan, masana rayuwar al’umma, irin su Hegel da Lenin, suka ƙara bunƙasa ra’in. Kazalika, a shekara 2007, wasu masana irin su Jaeroen Jansz da Rynel G. Martins suka ɗora ra’in a kan nazarce-nazarcen da suka danganci kafofin yaɗa labarai da kuma addini.

 A yau, ana amfani da wannan ra’i a kan nazarce-nazarcen da suka danganci harsuna da adabi da al’adu da duk wasu nazarce nazarcen da ya danganci baibayi da kimiyyara zamanatakewar al’úmmomin duniya (Ado, 2018:8).

A nazarce-nazarcen da wasu masana al’adun Hausawa suka gudanar, an sami wasu waɗanda suka yi amfani da wannan ra’i, irin su El-Azzazi (2015) da Ado (2018) da Mukhtar (2013). Sun yi amfani da shi ta hanyar yin amfani da al’ada domin ƙyallaro rayuwar Hausawa, a ƙasar waje da hango rayuwar Hausawa a cikin bukukuwansa da mkamantansu.

A wannan bincike, an yi amafani da ra’in domin bincike ne wanda ya danganci ƙyallaro rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa a cikin Bikin Shan Kabewa. Abin nufi, an yi amfani da bikin a matsayin wani hoto ko fitila mai hasko rayuwar Hausawa ta gargajiya.

4.0 Bikin Shan Kabewa A Taƙaice

Shi wannan biki,na shekara-shekara, wanda akan gudanar da shi a farkon ɓullowar kaka na kowace shekara. Sarkin Bori da Sarauniyar Bori, waɗanda aka naɗa su saboda sun fi kowa kayan bori, su ne ke zaunawa su shawarta gudanar da bikin. Sukan faɗa wa Sarkin Gari domin a nemi izinin masu ƙasa. Bayan an sami izini, sai a gayyaci sauran sarakunan bori na karkarar da aka shirya gudanar da bikin, domin a tsara shiri. Idan shiri ya kammala, sai a aika da goron gayyata ga duk sarakunan bori na ƙasar baki ɗaya. Wannan ce za ta ba su damar su gayyaci sauran jama’a.

Kafin ranar biki ta zo, Sarkin Bori da Sarauniyar Bori sukan gudanar da tanade-tanaden kayan biki da suka haɗa da masaukin baƙi da abincin baƙi da babbar kabewar da za a girka a ranar biki da itacen girki da kuma babbatar tukunyar da za a yi girki a cikinta. Haka kuma za a tanadi kayan haɗin da za a haɗa da kabewar biki a dafa, irin su yakuwa da yalo da gauta da albasa da kanwa da ‘ya’yan kanya da ‘ya’yan goriba da gwandar daji da makamantansu.

Idan ranar bikin ta rage da kwana uku zuwa biyu, baƙi za su fara turarowa daga ƙauyuka da birane. Baƙi maza kan tafi wajen Sarkin Bori a ba shi masauki. Sukuwa mata, sukan tafi wajen Sarauniyar Bori.

Da marecen jajibirin biki ake fara wasa. Masu kiɗan garaya sukan goce da kiɗa. Akan kaɗa taken bori iri-iri, kama daga sarkin rafi, ko sarkin baka, ko Malam-Alhaji,magiro, ko na-kada, ko ‘yar fillo, ko kuturu, ko gajere (kyambo), ko gajimare, ko kure da makamantansu da yawa. ‘Yan bori za su yi ta shiga fage suna taka rawar irin iskar da aka kaɗa masu. An dinga yi, har sai gari ya waye, a dai dai lokacin da “hantsi ya dubu ludayi,” kusan lokacin “ban ruwan dawaki,” wanda lokaci ne wanda rana ta fara ɗagawa. Akan ba kowa abincin kari, ya karya kumallo, a huta.

A dai dai wannan lokaci, Sarauniyar Bori da muƙarrabanta kan fito su hasa wutar girki a cikin wani babban murhu. Akan ɗora tukunyar girki bisan murhun, a sanya mata ruwa, bayan rushi ya yi ringis! Sarauniya kan sheda wa sarki cewa tukunya ta tafasa.

Sarkin Bori kan kai ƙatuwar kabewar da ya tanan da ƙarƙashin wata itaciya da ke a tsakiyar filin wasa na ƙofar fada ko kuma a gefen wani dogon turmi da ake tanada. Sarki zai hau itaciyar ko turmin domin a fara harkar bori. Yana hawa, sai makaɗan garaya su goce da kiɗan “Sarkin Rafi.” Wannan kiɗa ke tsima sarki. Daga nan, sai ya yi tsalle ya faɗo kan kabewar da mazaunansa. Kabewar kan fashe, ta yi rugu-rugu. Sarauniya da maƙarrabanta za su goce da guɗa, sannan su kwashe rududdugaggar kabewar, su rubɗa ta cikin tukunyar girki. Bayan wani lokaci, sai a kawo kayan haɗi na kayan marmarin da aka tanada, a haɗa a cikin tukunyar, a yi ta hasa wuta. Yayin da kayan cikin tukunya ke ci gaba da dahuwa, su kuma sauran ‘yan bori za a ci gaba da kaɗa masu takensu, har gari ya waye.

A washe garin “Fashin Kabewa,” akan tsayar da kiɗa. Sai kuma mata su shiga tasu hidimar. Za su kawo akusa, sanan a sanya wata babbar ƙoshiya, a rinƙa ɗebo girkin nan, na kabewa, ana zubawa, ana ba manyan baƙi, irin su sarakuna da tsofaffi da mata. Bayan an gama, sai Sarkin Bori ya bayar da izinin yin rububi. Yakan ce: “A yi rububi!” Sai kowanne ɗan bori ya runtumo, ya afko wa tukunyar girki domin ya samu ya sha “Faten Bori.” Wannan hark ace ta jaruntaka. Duk ɗan borin da ya sha faten borin nan, zai sami waraka daga cututtukan da masifun da ka iya tasowa a wannan shekara. Kazalika, shan kabewar yana zama a matsayin buɗa baki na samun izinin cin kayan gona na wannan shekar. Su kuma ‘yan kallo, waɗanda ba ‘yan bori ba, akan ba su nono, su tha a matsayin tsari (magani).

Bayan an gama shan kabewa, Sarkin Bori kan yi jawabin ban kwana ga jama’a. Zai ayyana dokoki da sauran camfe-camfen da ‘yan bori za su kula da su, domin kiyayewa ga iskokin da suke bauta. Bayan ya gama, za a ci gaba da wasa, ana kuma girka sababbin shiga addinin. A hankali, kowa zai tafi garinsu, sai kuma wata shekarar (Galadanci, 2011:81; Ado, 2005:6; Ado, 2015:7; Abdullahi; 2018:3)

 

5.0 Abubuwan da Bikin Shan Kabewa Ke Ƙyallarowa

Bikin shan kabewa, a matsayinsa na biki, ya kasace yana yin nuni da wasu abubuwan na rayuwa da kan faru a cikin al’ummar Hausawa (Ado, 2015). Kamar yadda aka yi bayani a baya, bikin na ƙyallaro rayuwar Hausawa, kamar haka:

5.1 Ƙyallarowar Harshen Magana na Hausawa

 Harshe na daya daga cikin abubuwan da bikin shan kabewa ke ƙyallarowa da adanawa (Yakasai, 2014:14). Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, harshe na a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa masu muhimmanci da ake amfani da shi domin kare salwantar al’ada (Yakasai, 2012:37). Don haka, a wannan biki, akwai sunayen wasu abubuwa waɗanda akan ambata a matsayin sarrafa harshe. Misalan irin su, sun haɗa da kalmomin da ake amfani da su masu alaƙa da wannan biki, kamar su “bori” da “girka” da “shigar iska” ko “gamo” ko “doki” da “fitar iska” da “faɗuwar bori” da “zanen sarkin bori” da “rawar wanzamai” da “rawar guragu da “dokin nakada” makamantansu (Bilkisu, 2019; Bunza, 2005:5; Madauci,1982:79).

Haka kuma, akwai sunayen iskokin da ake yi wa kirari, a lokacin gudanar da wannan biki, waɗanda suka haɗa da: “Mutanen Ɗoye” “Farfaru” da “Babbaƙu” da “Magiro” da “Uwar-gona” da “Mai-nakada” da “Kure” da “Doguwa”da “Malam-Alhaji” da “Bature” da “Kuturu” da “Barahaza” da “Sarkin-Baka” da “Sarkin-Rafi” da da “Babule” damakamantansu ( Sallau, 2013:26; Bilkisu, 2019; Zurmi, 2014:40; Jinju, 2001:34).

 Haka kuma, akwai sunaye wuraren zaman al’janu, irin su manyan biranansu, kamar “Ƙwanƙwanbilo” da “Jangarai” da “Dutsen Dala.” Akwai kuma, sunayen itatuwa da ake ambato na mazaunan al’janu, irin su “Kuka” da “Tsamiya” da “Tumfafiya” da “Gamji” da makamantansu (Bilkisu, 2019; Bunza, 2004:5; Sule, 1974:25; Ado, 2005:6).

Baya ga nan, akwai kalmomi da lafuzzan da suka danganci abubuwan da ake gudanarwa a wajen bikin, irin su: “Sarkin Bori”” da “Sarauniyar Bori” da “ ‘Yan Bori” da “Rububin Shan Kabewa” da “Girkar Sabon-Shiga” da “Kabewar Bikin Shan Kabewa” da “Kayan Haɗin Kabewar Bikin Shan Kabewa da makamantansu (Ado, 2005:8)

5.2 Ƙyallarowar Adabin Hausawa.

A kodayaushe, al’amarin da ya danganci shagalin biki, to, dole ne a sami sha’nin raye-raye da kiɗe-kiɗe da waƙe-waƙe da kirare-kirare da makamantansu (Alhassan, 1988:74; Umar, 1987:15). To, shi ma a Bikin Shan Kabewa, akwai al’amurran da ake gudanarwa da ya shafi adabin Hausawa, kamar haka:

5.2.1 Kayan Kiɗan Bikin Shan Kabewa

Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, a wajen Bikin Shan Kabewa, makaɗan bori sukan goce da yin kiɗan bori, ana hawa bori iri-iri domin nishaɗantarwa da gudanar da harkar bauta a wannan biki. Akasarin kayan kiɗan da ake ake amfani da su, a wajen harkar da ta danganci bori, sun haɗa da garaya da gurmi da ƙwarya da goge da molo da kalangu (Galadanci, 2011:81; Ado, 2005:7; Bunza,2005:7; Madauch,1982:78). Akan kaɗa waɗannan kayan kiɗa domin a kirawo aljanu, su taho, domin a hau borinsu, don girka su a kan wani da ake son a girka (Bilkisu, 2019:17).

5.2.2 Waƙoƙi da Kirare-Kiraren Bikin Shan Kabewa

Masana da manazarta al’adun Hausawa sun tabbatar da cewa, duk abin da ya danganci bauta ta gargajiya, akan yi wa abubuwan bautar waƙa ko kirari (Isah, 1988:9). To, a wajen gudanar da Bikin Shan Kabewa, masu gudanar da bikin kan yi wa abubuwan bautarsu waƙe-waƙe da kirare-kirare, kamar haka:

 Da farko, masu bautar “kure”, sukan yi masa kirari da cewa:

Kuren bakin rafi,

Ka sha jini, ka ci kurwa,

Mai tauna garazum-garazum,,

Durungu daguyau,

Mai haɗiya da sauran kwana,

Gazau borin arna.

  (Ado, 2014:44; Zurmi, 2014;39)

Ire-iren waɗannan kirare-kirare da waƙoƙi ne akan yi wa abubuwan da ake bauta, a lokacin da ake gudanar da wasannin Bikin Shan Kabewa. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da uwar gona da duna da gajimare da ɗan Galadima da gajere da makamantansu da yawa (Isah, 1988:9; Sallau, 2013:24; Kano, 2002:7).

5.2.3 Ƙyallaro Halayyar Wasan Kwaikwayo

Wasan Kwaikwayo wani wasa ne wanda ake gudanar da shi a cikin al’ummar Hausawa wanda akan yi ta hanya kwaikwayar wasu halaye na mutane, wanda ake shirya shi ta hanyar “sake-kama,” a yi shiga irin ta mutanen da ake kwaikwayar (Ahmed, 2007:4-5, Ado, 2019:3). A wajen gudanar da Bikin Shan Kabewa, akwai halayyar da ake nunawa, irin ta wasan kwaikwayo. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, ‎ a lokacin da ’yan bori suka hau bori, na wasu aljanu da ake yi wa hidima, sukan kwaikwayi halayyar wannan al’ajani, ta siffar yadda mutane ke aiwatar da wannan halayya (Yakasai,2014:14; Bilkisu, 2019:11). Alal misali, duk ɗan borin da ya hau “Kuturu,” za a same shi yana kwaikwayar halayyar kuturu. Haka ma, wanda ya hau ‘yar Fillo, to, zai nuna halayyar ta Bafillatana, ta hanyar kwaikwayar halayyarta. Idan Bature ko Balarabe da makamantansu, aka hau, to, halayyrsu za a nuna (Bunza, 2006:6). Wannan duk al’amari ne da ya danganci wasan kwaikwayo.

5.3 Ƙyallarowar Al’adun Hausawa

Masana da manazarta sun tabbatar da cewa, bikin da ake gudanarwa a cikin al’umma, yana taimakawa a wajen fito da hoto na zahirin ire-iren abubuwa na rayuwar wannan al’umma da ke gudanar da shi (Funtua, 2010:63). Don haka shi ma Bikin Shan Kabewa ba a bar shi a baya ba, a wajen fito da hoton al’adun da Hausawa ke gudanarwa a cikin al’ummarsu, kamar haka:

5.3.1 Ƙyallaro Ala’adar Tufafin Hausawa

Tufafi jam’i ne na tufa. Ita kuwa tufa abu ne da ake sanyawa a jiki domin a rufe tsirarci, irin su riga da wando da makamantansu (Jami’ar Bayero, 2006:440). Hausawa suna da tufafi iri-iri na gargajiya, kamar su walki da shabka da rawani da ‘yar shara da alkyabba da zane da hula da ɗan kwali da rawani da makamantansu da yawa (Funtua, 2010:23). To, shi Bikin Shan Kabewa, abu ne wanda akan ƙyallaro tufafin Hausawa na gargajiya da na zamani. Alal misali, a wajen gudanar da bori na ire-iren aljanun da ake hawa, dole akan sanya suturar da ta dace da wannann aljani. Misali, akan sa baƙin saƙi da baƙar hula da baƙin wando, idan aka hau aljanin Sarkin Rafi. Idan Bature aka hau, sai an sanya kwat da nakatayil da hula malfa. Idan kuwa Malam Alhaji aka hau, akan sanya babbar riga da hula da rawani da carbi. Idan ‘Ya Fillo aka hau, sai an sanya kayan Fulani da makamantansu (Madauci, 1982:81).

5.3.2 Ƙyallaro Al’adar Abincin Hausawa

Abinci shi ne duk wani abu na cimaka da ake ci domin a yi maganin yunwa (Jami’ar Bayero, 2006:1) Hausawa suna da abinci iri-iri, kama daga na gargajiya har ya zuwa na zamani (Abubakar, 2012:103).Wasu daga cikin abincin gargajiya na Hausawa sun haɗa da tuwo da dambu da ɗanwake da fate da waina da makamantansu. Akan yi su ta hanyar haɗa abubuwan ci, irin su albasa da tumatur da tattasai gyaɗa da kabewa wasu ganyaye, irin su alayyahu da kuka da makamantansu (Funtua, 2010:44). To, shi ma a wajen bikin Shan Kabewa, ana ƙyallaro abincin Hausawa na gargajiya, a lokacin da ake yin haɗin yin “faten kabewar biki.” Baya ga kabewa, akan haɗa da albasa da yalo da gauta da gwandar dawa da ‘ya’yan goriba da ganyaye irin su yakuwa da alayyahu da makamantansu ( Galadanci, 2011:81; Ado, 2005:7; Ado, 2015:7)

5.3.3 Ƙyallaro Al’adar Zumunci

Zumunci shi ne kyakyawar dangantaka ta kusanci ko dangantaka jini ko auratayya ko abota (Jami’ar Bayero, 2006:496). Hausawa suna da al’adar nuna zumunci da mu’amala ga junansu, kamar su iyaye da dangi da abokai, ba ma kamar abin da ya danganci ziyarar juna a lokacin samuwar wasu abubuwa irin su haihuwa ko aure ko lokacin sallah da makamantansu (Alhassan, 1988:7). Wannan halayya ta zumunci ana ƙyallaro ta a lokacin Bikin Shan Kabewa. Alal misali, idan aka shirya gudanar da bikin, akan gayyaci duk wani ɗan bori na birane da ƙauyuka da maroƙa da mawaƙa da makaɗan garaya da goge da gurmi da makamantansu. Kusan duk wanda ya amshi goron gayyata, yakan halarci bikin (Ado, 2015:6; Ado, 2005:6).

5.3.4 Ƙyallaron Al’adar Karamta Baƙo

Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, Hausawa mutane ne masu taimakon juna. Don kusan a wajensa ne ake ganin halayya ta kirki da ta girma da girmamawa ga mutanen gida da kuma baƙi da sauran jama’a (Amfani, 2012:6). To, shi ma Bikin Shan Kabewa, ya kasance kamar wani dandali na ƙyallaro ire-iren halayen Hausawa na nuna halin girma da kirki ga baƙi. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, tun kafin ranar da aka sanya ta gudanar Bikin Shan Kabewa, waɗanda suka shirya bikin kan tanadi masaukai, waɗanda suke saukar da ‎ sarakunan bori na ƙauyuka da ’yan bori da sauran baƙi. Baya ga wuraren kwana, sukan ba su abinci da abin sha, safe da rana da dare, tun daga lokacin da suka zo, har lokacin da za su tafi (Ado, 2005:6). Wannan halayya ce ta kirkin Bahaushe ake ƙyallarowa a Bikin Shan Kabewa.

5.3.5 Ƙyallaro Al’adar Bayar da Magungunan Gargajiya

 Masana da manazarta sun bayyana ma’anar magani a matsayin duk wata dabara ko hanya da ake bi domin kawar da cuta ko rashin lafiya daga jikin ɗan Adam ( Bunza, 2003:68; Ibrahim, 2012:51;Ado, 2017:39). A bisa al’adar Hausawa, kowane mutum yana tsoron cuta, don ita ce ke raunata lafiyar mai lafiya (Bunza, 2003:64). A bisa al’adar Hausawa, sun yarda da cewa duk wata cuta tana da magani. A don haka, a duk inda Bahaushe ya ji zancen magani na wata cutar da ta same shi, ko domin kariyar kada ta same shi, yakan garzaya ya amsa, ya yi amfani da shi. To, Bikin Shan Kabewa yana taimakawa wajen ƙyallaro rayuwar Hausawa ta fannin bayar da magungunan gargajiya, domin maganin cututtukan da ke cikin al’umma. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, ‘yan bori sun yarda cewa iskoki ne ke kawo cuta, wanda ta hanayar bori ne ake warkar da cutar (Danmaigoro, 2010:99). Don haka ne, a wajen bikin, kowa ke ƙoƙarin shan kabewar da aka girka, domin maganin cututtukan shekara. Saboda muhimmancin kariya da kabewar ke bayarwa, kowa kan shiga rububin shan ta. Wanda ba ɗan bori ba, akan ba su nono, don maganin cututtukan (Ado, 2005:10).

5.3.6 Ƙyallaro Tsarin Sarautar Hausawa

A bisa tsarin rayuwar Hausawa, akwai tsari da suke da shi na shugabanci. Tsari ne na hawa-hawa, wanda sarki shi ne a can ƙololuwar zance (Alhassan, 1988:66). Sarki shi ne shugaban da yake yi wa al’ummarsa jagorancinci a duk wata halayyar zamantakewarsu ta yau da kullum (Sallau, 2010:7). To, shi ma a sha’anin Bikin Shan Kabewa, akan yi ƙoƙarin ƙyallaro wannan al’ada, domin ana gudanar da bikin bisa tsari na shugabanci. Akwai Sarkin Bori da Sarauniyar Bori, waɗanda ke kasancewa a matsayin manya masu shirya wannan biki. Duk wasu hidimomin bikin su ne ke jagorantarsa, kamar yadda sarkin gari ke jagorantar ragamar sha’anin jama’arsa (Jinju, 2001:35; Ado, 2015:6; Ado, 2005:7).

5.3.7 Ƙyallaro Ayyukan Mata a Zamantakewar Hausawa

A zahirin zamantakewar Hausawa, kowanne mutum yana da rawar da yake takawa, kuma kowa yana da aikin da yake aikatawa domin ci gaban al’ummar. An fi sanin maza da yin ayyuka na jarunta da kokowar neman abincin da za a ci a cikin gida. Ita kuma mace, takan gyara abin da mazaje suka kawo, ta sarrafa su domin su zama abinci da kuma rarraba shi ga mutanen cikin gida domin su ci (Rimmer, 2002:40-41) Wannan halayya ta rabe-raben ayyuka, a cikin al’ummar Hausawa, abu ne wanda ake ƙyallaro da shi, a yayin da ake gudanar da Bikin Shan Kabewa. Maza su ne ke da alhakin samar da kabewar da ake yin biki da ita. Su kuwa mata, su ne ke dafa kabewar, tare da rarraba fatenta ga mutane (Galadanci, 2011:81; Ado, 2005:9).

5.3.8 Ƙyallaro Jaruntakar Hausawa

Jaruntaka na nufin nuna halayyar ƙwazo da bajinta (Nata’ala, 2010:195). Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, Hausawa mutane ne jarumai, waɗanda kuma suke ƙaunar jarumi mai nuna halayyara ƙwazo da juriya (Amfani, 2012:6, Alhassan, 1988:28). Bikin Shan Kabewa na ƙyallaro wannan halayya ta jaruntakar Hausawa. Ana iya ganin haka a lokacin da tawagar Sarauniyar Bori suka gama dahuwar kabewar biki, takan sanya wata babbar ƙoshiya ta zuba wa manyan baƙi, irin su sarakuna, da tsofaffi da mata, faten kabewar bikin. Bayan nan, Sarkin Bori yakan bayar da izinin yin rububi. Wannan al’amari ne da ya danganci nuna jaruntaka. Kowa zai yi ƙoƙarin sai ya kai ga babbar tukunyar da aka dafa kabewar domin ya ɗebo faten ya sha, don ya samu buɗe bakin cin amfanin gonar shekara da kuma maganin cututtukan shekara (Ado, 2005:9; Galadanci, 2011:81; Danmaigoro, 2010:98)

6.0 Sakamakon Bincike

A bisa binciken da aka gabatar, an gano cewa, bukukuwan Hausawa na gargajiya, irin su Bikin Shan Kabewa na ‘yan bori, suna da wani alfanu na ɓoye, baya ga na sarari, da ake gudar da su a kai. Alfanu na sarari da ya sa ake gudanar da Bikin Shan Kabewa shi ne, domin a tabbatar da bauta da ake yi wa iskokai, waɗanda a bisa dokokinsu na camfe-camfe ake rayuwa. Dokokin kuwa sun haɗa da cewa, ana yin sa domin a sami “buɗe baki” na “azumin” ƙin cin abincin sabuwar shekara, sai an yi bikin, an sha kabewar biki. Haka kuma, ana gudanar da shi, domin a sha kabewar biki, domin kariya daga cututtukan sabuwar shekara da neman warkar daga cututtukan da ake da su da ma waɗanda za su zo nan gaba.

A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, alfanu na ɓoye da ake samu daga gudanar da bikin shi ne na yadda yake hasko wa jama’a duk ilahirin rayuwar Hausawa a cikinsa. Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin bayanan da suka gabata, yana hasko rayuwar Hausawa da fannin abinci da sutura da shugabanci da zumunci da halayyar kirki da magungunan gargajiya da jaruntaka da makamantansu da yawa.

7.0 Shawarwari

A bisa yadda aka gudanar da wannan bincike, kuma a bisa sakamakon da aka samu, ake bayar da waɗannan shawarwari.

 Da farko, ana bayar da shawara ga ‘yan bori da su sake farfaɗo da Bikin Shan Kabewa saboda muhimmancinsa ga al’ummar Hausawa. Haka kuma, hukumomin ƙasar Hausa da ma masu hannu da shuni, su rinƙa bayar da tallafi da ƙarfin guiwa ga ‘yan bori da ma duk wasau masu shirya bukukuwan gargajiya na Hausa, domin kada su ɓace. Idan har aka bari suka ɓace, to salwantar al’adun Hausawa za ta ɓace. Wannan babbar ill ace.

Daga ƙarshe, ana shawartar malamai da ɗalibai domin a shiga gudanar da bincike a kan bukukuwan Hausawa na gargajiya a yau, domin a samu abin kwatanci da na da. Wannan zai taikama wajen adanasu domin amfanin jama’a.

8.0 Kammalawa

 Wannan bincike ne da aka gabatar a kan al’adar Hausawa wadda ta ta’allaƙa a harkar da ta danganci addinin gargajiya ta bautar iskoki. An gudanar da binciken bisa manufar sake bitar bikin domin a zaƙulo muhimmancinsa a wajen zama wani madubi mai ƙyallaro zamanatakewar Hausawa ta fannin harshe da adabi da al’ada. A cikin binciken an kawo hanayoyin da aka bi aka gudanar da binciken. Haka kuma, an kawo bayanai na ra’in da aka ɗora binciken a kansa. Bayan nan, an kawo fannoni guda auku na rayuwar Hausa waɗanda wannan biki ya hasko. Akwai rayuwar Hausawa dangane da harshensa. Saikuma rayurasa a cikin adabinsa. Daga ƙarshe aka kawo bayanai na al’adun Hausawa.

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