Alakar Kafafen Sada Zumunta Da Damfara a Kan Intanet

Daga

Abu-Ubaida Sani
Jibril Yusuf
Muhammad Sulaiman Abdullahi

Kafafen sada zumunta sun kasance wani ɓangare na rayuwar al’umma a yau. Hausawa masu tarin yawa suna ta’ammali da kafafe da manhajojin sada zumunta daban-daban, irin su WhatsApp da Facebook da TikTok da Instagram da sauransu. Yawan hulɗa da ake da kafafen da kuma ƙarancin dama da ake da shi na iya sanya ido ga abubuwan da suke gudana a kansu yadda ya kamata, suna daga cikin dalilan da suka bai wa ‘yan damfara ƙaimin gwada sa’arsu.

Wani dalilin kuma shi ne yadda kutsawa akawun ɗin mutane yake da sauƙi ga waɗanda suka yi sakaci. Da zarar an kutsa akawun ɗin wani kuwa, ‘yan damfara za su yi amfani da yarda da take tsakanin mai akawun ɗin da mutanensa domin gwada baƙar sa’arsu. Suna iya ƙoƙarin damfarar mutane kai-tsaye ta hanyar neman kuɗi ko wani abu a hannunsu. Suna kuma iya amfani da akawun ɗin domin tura liƙau ko wasu fasahohi masu cutar da na’ura ko tatsar bayanai zuwa ga zauruka da ɗaiɗaikun mutane. A duba misalin da yake ƙasa:

Hoto Na 3.1: Damfara ta amfani da akawun ɗin da aka yi wa kutse

Madogara: Saƙon damfara da aka tura ta akawun ɗin WhatsApp na farfesa daga Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato

A wannan misalin da aka kawo a sama, za a ga cewa waɗanda suka yi kutse a akawun ɗin farfesan sun yi amfani da yardar da take tsakanin farfesan da mutane domin neman kuɗi daga hannun mutanen.

A nan za a kawo misalan kafafe da manhajojin sada zumunta guda uku domin ƙara fahimtar yadda ake amfani da su wajen aiwatar da damfarar duniyar intanet. An zaɓe su ne ta la’akari da tarihinsu da tasirinsu a rayuwar Hausawa. Guda ukun da aka kawo tsokaci game da su, su ne:

a. 2go

b. WhatsApp

c. Facebook

A – 2go

Kafar Intanet: https://www.2go.im/help/

2go ɗaya daga cikin manhajojin sada zumuta ne da suka kasance masu matuƙar jan hankali a zamaninsu. 2go ya yi tashe matuƙa a lokacinsa. Hausawa masu yawa sun yi amfani da manhajar sada zumunta ta 2go, amma a yau, wannan manhaja ta kwanta dama.

Hoto Na 3.2: Tambarin 2go

Madogara: An ɗauko daga https://www.2go.im/help/.

2go ya samu karɓuwa matuƙa, musamman lokacin da ya shigo a wajajen shekarar 2007. An ƙirƙiro shi a Johannesburg wanda a yanzu haka ta kasance a Cape Town a South Africa. Waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro 2go kuwa sun kasance ɗalibai a jami’ar Witwatersrand. Ɗaliban sun ƙirƙiro 2go domin su riƙa sadarwa a tsakaninsu musamman yayin da suke hutu (Idan aka samu hutun makaranta). Bayan haka, da tafiya ta yi tafiya sai kafar sadarwar ta yaɗu. Hausawa masu yawa sun yi amfani da ita a matsayin kafar sadarwa.

Abin da ya fi jan hankali a wannan manhajar sada zumunta shi ne, sauƙin sarrafawa da kuma rahusar farashin da ake cajin wanda yake amfani da manhajar. Baya ga haka, wannan manhajar tana da wani tsari na matsayi-matsayi waɗanda ake kira da star. Manhajar sadarwar 2go takan ƙara wa mai amfani da ita matsayi a yayin da ya yi amfani da shafin na tsawon wani lokaci. Wannan ya sanya matasa suka duƙufa matuƙa wajen yawaita amfani da ita, duk dai saboda su samu ƙarin matsayi. A nan abin ya zama kamar wata gasa. Jerin matsayin da aka sha gasa a kansu a manhajar 2go su ne:

a- Nobis (Novice)

b- Amatuwa (Amateur)

c- Siniyo (Senior)

d- Intusiyast (Enthusiast)

e- Furofeshinal (Professional)

f- Esfat (Expert)

g- Lida (Leader)

h- Beteran (Veteran)

i- Masta (Master)

j- Oltimet (Ultimate)

Waɗanda suka ci zamanin 2go za su iya tuna ire-iren damfarar da aka yi ta yi, masu alaƙa da tatsar bayanan masu akawun domin karɓar wani abu daga gare su. Fitattu daga ciki su ne waɗanda ake tallata bonanzar data ko ta Go Credits. ‘Go Credits’ waɗansu maki ne ko kuɗin intanet da ake saya domin manhajar 2go. Shi ne yake bayar da damar tura saƙo zuwa zauruka a kan manhajar (2go Rooms).

‘Yan damfarar kan intanet sukan ƙirƙiri wata kafar damfara sannan su yaɗa liƙau ɗinta da cewa wanda ya shiga kafar, zai samu garaɓasar data ko Go Credit. Waɗanda suka shiga, za a buƙaci su saka sunan akawun da kalmar sirri domin samun garaɓasar. Da zarar sun saka, masu wannan kafar damfara za su tsatsi bayanan sannan su yi amfani da su domin kulle musu akawun ɗinsu na 2go nan take. Daga nan za su buƙaci a tura musu kuɗi ko katin waya ko data mai yawa kafin su buɗe akawun ɗin.

B – WhatsApp - Wassaf

Kafar Intanet: https://www.whatsapp.com/

An ƙirƙiro WhatsApp a shekarar 2009. Brian Acton da Jan Koum su ne suka ƙirƙiro wannan manhajar sada zumunta. Dukanninsu su biyun sun taɓa yin aiki da kamfanin sadarwa na Yahoo. Wannan manhaja ta samu karɓuwa sosai. Yaɗuwarta a yankunan Afirka ya kashe kasuwar manhajar 2go kasancewar WhatsApp ta zo da sababbin tsare-tsare waɗanda babu su a 2go, ciki har da damar tura bidiyo.

Ita ma wannan manhaja ta Wasaf ba ta tsira ba daga harin ‘yan damfarar kan intanet. Yawan kutse da ake yi a akawun ɗin mutane ya kai ga masu gudanar da WhatsApp sun samar da tsarin tsaro mai suna “Matakan Tantancewa Biyu’ (Two-Step Verification). Wannan tsari yana bai wa mai akawun damar sanya lambobin tsaro guda shida (6). Lokaci zuwa lokaci WhatsApp ɗin mutum zai riƙa kulle kansa, har sai ya saka waɗannan lambobi guda shida. Duk da haka, ‘yan damfara suna bin matakai daban-daban domin amfani da Wasaf a matsayin kafar cimma buƙatunsu. Ga misali a ƙasa:

Hoto Na 3.3: Damfarar tatsar bayanai a kafar WhatsApp

Madogara: An ɗauke daga zaure a WhatsApp

Hoto Na 3.4: Damfarar tatsar bayanai a kafar WhatsApp

Madogara: An ɗauke daga zaure a WhatsApp

A hotuna biyu da aka kawo a sama, za a lura cewa ‘yan damfarar sun yi amfani da dabarar kwaɗaitarwa domin jan hankalin mutane zuwa ga shiga liƙau ɗin da suka bayar. Wani abin lura shi ne, a cikin zaure aka turo wannan saƙon. Hakan yana nuna cewa, an yi kutse ne akawun ɗin sannan aka yi amfani da shi wajen tura wannan saƙo. Waɗanda suka yaudaru har suka bi kan liƙau ɗin da aka turo, zai kai su kan wani shafin WhatsApp marar tsaro. Duk bayanan da suka tura za su koma hannun ‘yan damfarar da suka ɗana tarkon.

C – Facebook - Fesbuk

Kafar Intanet: https://www.facebook.com/

Facebook kafa ce ta sadarwa wadda take da matuƙar farin jini. Wanda ya ƙirƙiro wannan kafa shi ne Mark Zuckerberg. Ya samar da kafar domin su riƙa sada zumunta shi da abokansa a yayin hutun makaranta. An buɗe shafin ne a shekarar 2004. Facebook yana da tsarin manhaja da kuma kafar intanet. Mutum zai iya amfani da kowanne a kan waya ko kwamfuta.

Wani abin burgewa shi ne, Hausa tana daga cikin harsunan da aka ɗora a kan Facebook. Hakan yana nufin Hausawa suna da damar zaɓar harshen Hausa a matsayin wanda zai riƙa nuna musu dukkannin bayanan kan manhajar ko kafar. A duba misalin da yake ƙasa:

Hoto Na 3.5: Shafin Facebook cikin harshen Hausa

Madogara: An ɗauko daga https://www.facebook.com/settings

Masu amfani da wannan kafar sada zumunta a kullum suna iya fuskantar harin damfarar kan intanet. ‘Yan damfara suna bin hanyoyi daban-daban domin yin kutse a akawun ɗin mutane. Yayin da suka yi nasarar ƙwatar wani akawun, za su yi amfani da yardar da take tsakanin mai akawun ɗin da al’umma domin damfarar waɗanda suke alaƙa da shi.

Haka kuma, a kullum ‘yan damfara suna kan yaɗa liƙau da hotuna na damfara da yaudara. Sukan kwaɗaitar da samun kuɗi ko wani abin amfani. Bugu da ƙari, sukan yaɗa sanarwar boge game da tallafin karatu zuwa wasu ƙasashen ƙetare. Duk waɗannan misalai da ma wasu da ba a kawo ba, baƙaƙen dabaru ne waɗanda ‘yan damfarar kan intanet suke amfani da su a kafafen sada zumunta.

Manazarta: 

Sani, A-U.,  Yusuf, J. & Abdullahi, M.S. (2025). Damfara a duniyar intanet. SAS Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-695-575-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19513307