Tubalin Karamci a Ginin Wasu Wakokin Mamman Shata Katsina

TUBALIN KARAMCI A GININ WASU WAƘOƘIN MAMMAN SHATA KATSINA

Daga

Muhammad Abubakar Zabi
Sashen Koyar Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato

TSAKURE

Al’ummar Hausawa al’umma ce da ta kasance tana cuɗanya da mutane daban-daban masu al’adu mabambanta tun shekaru da yawa. Karamci da mutuntawa da kuma kyautatawa a cikin al’umma na nuna ingantuwar al’umma bisa ga tubalin nagarta da kowace al’umma ke son ta kasance da shi. A farkon rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa ta kasance bisa tsarin gargajiya wanda tun a wancan lokacin al’ummar Hausawa an san su da karamci da kyautatawa. Daga baya kuma addinin Musulunci ya zo ya sake ƙarfafa musu waɗannan al’adu da ɗabi’un. Wannan ɗabi’a ita ce ta ɗauki al’ummar Hausawa zuwa wani mataki na musamman. Daga ƙarshe Turawa sun zo sun kawo wayewa irin tasu da samun ci gaba irin na zamani, duk da haka karamcin Bahaushe bai samu wata tawaya mai yawa ba. Idan aka duba adabin Hausa za a samu cike yake da karamci da kuma kyautatawa musamman a sassansa na karuruwan magana, tatsuniya, labarai da kuma waƙoƙi. A wannan takarda za a yi ɗan tsokaci ne game da Tubalin karamci a ginin wasu waƙoƙin Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina.

1.0 Gabatarwa

Ba shakka, Allah, Ubangiji, mai Jinƙai mai Rahama ya ba ɗan’adam ikon yin karamci ta fuskar girmamawa da kyautatawa da kuma nuna halin dattako ga abokan zaman rayuwa.

Newman (1997) yana ganin, karamci shi ne halin kyauta ko kuma wata baiwa daga Ubagiji.

Akwai hanyoyi da dama da za a iya yin nazarin karamci na al’ummar Hausawa.

Ita wannan takarda za ta zaƙulo irin karamci da sarakuna suke yi wa al’ummar Hausawa kamar yadda Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina ya nuna a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsa.

1.1 Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina

An haifi Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina a zamanin Sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Dikko, kuma ya yi wayo a zamaninsa. Wasu kuma sun ce an haifi Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina a zamanin Sarkin Musawa Yero.An kuma haifi shi ne a unguwar sanyinawa a cikin garin Musawa a ƙasar Katsina a wajen shekarar mutuwar shanu. Sunan mahaifinsa Alhaji Ibrahim Yaro, sunan mahaifiyarsa Lariya. (Attahiru, 2012:22)

A lokacin kuruciyar Alhaji Mamman Shata bai tashi a cikin halin rashi ba domin shi ɗangata ne, iyayensa na da hannu da shuni irin na zamaninsu. A wajen shekara ta 1928, lokacin da Alhaji Mamman Shata ya cika shekara biyar da haihuwa, sai aka sanya shi a Makarantar Allo a cikin Musawa domin ya koyi karatun Alkur’ani ilimin addinin Musulunci kamar yadda ’Yaýan Hausawa ke yi tun suna ƙanana (Sheme, 2006).

A wajen shekara ta 1932, bayan sana’ar da ya gada ga iyayensa ta noma da harbi da kuma kiwo, sai ya fara tallace-tallace na kayan masarufi. Babbar sana’ar Shata da aka fi saninsa da ita, ita ce Tallar goro kafin ya soma wannan sana’ar sai da ya fara tallar alewa. A duk lokacin da ya je talla a dandali ko kasuwa sai ya riƙa ciko hannunsa da goro yana ba duk wanda ya zo saye, maimaikon ya ba mutum na daidai da ƙuɗin da ya bayar ba tare da ya ƙidaya ba. Wannan shato goro da yake yi ga masu saye ba tare da ƙidaya ba, shi ne asalin sunansa na Shata wato daga shato goro ne ya sami laƙabin shata. (Attahiru 2012:25)

Mamman Shata ya fara waƙa ne a dalilin wata gasa da ake shiryawa ta waƙe-waƙe musamman lokaci ne ake waƙoƙin Asauwara. A wannan gasar a kan shirya wasanni iri-iri. Duk lokacin da aka shirya gasar waƙa da Mamman Shata ne ke zama zakaran gasar saboda haka sai ya zama Sarkin Waƙa na musamman. A wannan lokacin kuma a gidansu ake sauke Zabiya wato sarauniyar waƙa ta ɓangaren mata. Wata rana a fagen wasa Mamman Shata da baƙuwarsa Zabiya za su riƙa takara, amma wannan ba zai ɓata alaƙarsu ta mutunci ba. Ana rera wannan waƙa ce a lokacin da aka zo wasan kwaikwayo a tsakanin samari da ýan mata. Mamman shata yakan yi waƙa ne domin sha’awa, ko mutane sun ba shi kuɗi ba ya karɓa. Amma da tafiya ta yi tafya sai ya kasance yana karɓar kuɗi da wasu kyautuka. Yana a kan hakan sai waƙa ta ɗore gare shi ta zama mawakin baka mai hikima.

2.0 Sarakuna

Kalmar Sarakuna, kalma ce ta jam’i, Sarki kuma tilo ke nan. Sarauta ta Sarakuna ta kafu a ƙasar Hausa a kan halayen girma da mutuntaka wato halaye da ke mai da ɗan’adam mutum na gari mai amfani ga kansa da al’ummar da yake rayuwa a cikinta. (Mashi 2013:438) kamar yadda masana da manazarta suka ce:

Sarauta kuma tana nufin “Shugabanci” ko “Jagoranci” cikin tafiyar da al’amuran jama’a. (Mashi 2013: 439)

Zai a iya cewa Sarauta tana nufin Shugabanci musamman irin na gargajiya (CNHN, 2006:391)

Sarki kuma, mutumin da aka naɗa ta hanyar gargajiya don ya shugabanci mutane ta hanyar mulki ko sana’a ko wani abu (CNHN, 2006:392)

Haka kuma karamci hali ne na kyautatawa ko nuna alheri. Yana daga cikin karamcin sarakuna amsar baƙi da sauƙar da su idan suka shigo ƙasarsu (Ɗanmaigoro, 2013:535)

A wata ma’anar ta sarki: Sarki shi ne babban jagora ga al’ummar gari. Haka kuma, shi ke da iko ga ƙasa da duk abin da ke cikinta (Ainu 2013:467)

A tsarin Sarautar gargajiya, sarki shi ne shugaba, duk sauran jama’ar da ke ƙasarsa suna bin umurninsa ne. wannan tsarin shi ne ake bi tun kafin zuwan Musulunci da da na Turawa, har zuwa wannan lokaci. An ɗauki sarakuna a matsayin iyayen ƙasa.

Su sarakuna suna tafiyar da mulki ne ta wani tsari na hawa- hawa. Watau, suna da mataimakansu masu muƙamai, wannan na gaba da wannan. Tun daga Hakimi na kusa da sarki, zuwa Dagaci na ƙasa da Hakimai, zuwa masu Anguwanni masu bin umurnin Dagatai (Yahaya da wasu 2001).

Don haka bisa yadda masana da manazarta suka ce game da mene ne Sarki za mu iya cewa Sarki shi ne, jagoran al’umma ta yadda zai iya sa doka da yin hukunci, da kuma kare mutunci al’ummarsa ta kowace fuska.

3.0 Karamci

Karamci baiwa ce da Allah yake ba wa wasu mutane na musamman. Hanyoyin karamci suna da yawan gaske, kama daga zumunci da kyauta da saukar baƙi da kuma girmama magabata da sauransu. Karamci a ƙasar Hausa abu ne da aka saba da shi tun fil azal. Ba a abu ne sabo ba, fada daman can dauri Sarakunan ƙasar Hausa an sansu da karamci da girmama al’umma. Domin an yi zamanin da a ƙasar Hausa duk wani baƙo da ya zo ƙasar fada yake tafiya kai tsaye nan ne gidansu, a nan ne za a ba shi muhalli da abinci da zai ci wani lokaci ma har da wurin noma da matar da zai aura.

Kamar yadda Kamusun Harshen Hausa na Jami’ar Bayero ya bayyana, karamci yana nufin kyautatawa ko nuna alheri. (CNHN, 2006:233)

Don haka, za a iya cewa karamci kyautatawa ne da nuna halin dattaku ga al’umma baki ɗaya.

 

4.0 Wasu Tubalan Karamci a Wasu Waƙoƙin Shata Karamci

Daga ilimin tubulin karamci da Shata ya yi amfani da su ya zuba ya ƙarfafa wasu waƙoƙinsa da su, akwai kyauta ta girmama jama’a da sauƙar baƙi da kuma sa da zumunci. Ga wasu misalai daga ɗiyan waƙoƙin Shata kamar haka:

4.1 Kyauta da Girmama Jama’a

Dr. Mamman Shata, ya tabbatar da Sarakuna masu karamci ne wanda ya danganci kyauta, waƙar da Shata ya yi wa Sarkin Rano Alhaji Abubakar ya ayyana shi da Sarki mai yawan kyauta, kamar haka:

Jagora :Idan ya tashi kyautar doki,

:Danda fari biyar ya miƙa min,

‘Y/Amshi :Mai Rano Garba autan Bawo.

Jagora :kuma ya ban sirdin Turawa,

:Wanda suke kira H.L.D,

‘Y/Amshi :Mai Rano Garba autan Bawo

Jagora :Ga hular darar mulki,

:Ga harsa na bai mai ganga,

‘Y/Amshi :Mai Rano Garba autan Bawo

(Gusau 2014:441-442)

A waɗannan ɗiyan Mamman Shata ya faɗi an ba shi kyautar doki da sirdi da kuma hula irin ta masu mulki. Wannan yana daga cikin hali da ɗabi’a ta girma da Sarakunan ƙasar Hausa suke yi wa jama’arsu.

Haka kuma, ya sake kawo irin karamci da kyauta ta sarakunan Hausawa inda yake cewa:

Jagora :Ga ka ina kallo ɗan umaru,

:ban rashin sutura ko kurɗi,

’Y/Amshi :Lafiya zaki,

:Mamman baban Galadima ɗan umaru.

Jagora :Ga ka ina kallo ɗan Musa,

:ban rashin doki ɗan Musa,

’Y/Amshi :Lafiya zaki,

:Mamman baban Galadima ɗan Musa.

Jagora :Ga baba da rai Bashari ɗan Musa,

:ban rashin mota ɗan Musa,

’Y/Amshi :Lafiya zaki,

:Mamman baban Galadima ɗan Musa.

Jagora :Ni yanzu wajen kyauta Bashari,

:Ka ba da kasha sai gyara,

’Y/Amshi :Lafiya zaki,

:Mamman baban Galadima ɗan Musa.

Jagora :Komai ka yi yanzu gyara ne ɗan Musa

’Y/Amshi :Lafiya zaki,

:Mamman baban Galadima ɗan Musa.

Jagora :Komai ka yi yanzu gyara ne ɗan Musa,

’Y/Amshi :Lafiya zaki,

:Mamman baban Galadima ɗan Musa.

(Gusau 2014:430)

Idan aka kalli waɗannan ɗiyan waƙa za a ga karamci na kyautar Sarkin Daura, Alhaji Bashir ya ɓulla a fili ƙarara, mussaman ta haƙiƙanin da ya yi idan Baba ya yana nan bai rasa sutura da doki ko kuma mota. Saboda irin karamcinsa da kyautatawarsa.

4.2 Kula da Iyaye

Haka kuma, Shata yana nuna hali na karamci irin na sarakuna ta fuskar girmama da ɗauke musu nauyin abin da suke yi. Alal misali, ya kawo yadda ya yi ta bin sawun ayyuka na alheri na magabatansa ya ci gaba da aiwatar da shi: yana cewa Sarkin Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero.

Jagora :Akwai zance da mukai ni da Ado,

:Ado Sanusi jikan Sarki Abdu,

 :Ado babban jikan Sarki Abdu,

 :Lokacin da Ado ya sami Sarauta,

 :Ya tafi ya durƙusa gaban tsohonsa,

 :Da dai ya gai da sanusi Mamman,

:Ya ce Sanusi waɗanda kake wa aure,

 :Waɗanda ban ni da su nai musu,

 :Waɗanda kake ba wa ragon suna,

 :Waɗannan ban ni da su na ba su,

 :Mamman wanda kake ba wa kuɗi,

 :Waɗannan ban ni da sun a ba su ka tuna,

 :Da waɗanda kake ba wa ragon suna,

 :Wannan ban ni da sun a ba su,

 :Ka tuna da waɗanda kake ba wa gero,

 :Waɗannan ban ni da su na ba su,

 :Sanusi ban ni da su na ba su,

 :Tuna da waɗanda kake ba wa dawa,

 :Su ma ban ni da su na ba su,

 :Af waɗanda kake ba wa ragon layya,

 :Su ma ban ni da su na ba su,

 :Can sai Sunusi y ace, Allah ma albarka,

 :Duk wanda ubansa y ace sambarka,

 :Yaya za ai ya rasa yin albarka,

‘Y/Amshi :Sadauki Shehu magajin Mamman.

(Gusau 2014:440)

4.3 Sauƙar Baƙi

Haka dai, ya ci gaba da kawo karamci na Sarakuna ta fuskar sauƙar baki da ba su masauƙi mai kyau. Kamar haka:

Jagora :Ranar saukarmu cikin Bauchi,

:An ba mu masauƙi mai kyauwo,

:Komi na karɓa nan Bauchi,

:ƙarshe kuma har an ban mota,

:Ni babu abin da ya ƙonan rai,

:Na so in ga sarki ban ga shi ba.

’Y/Amshi :Mai Bauchi Sulaimanu Adamu

(Gusau 2009:268)

Wannan halayya ta sarakuna ta saukar baƙi da ya nuna tana daga cikin hanyoyin karamci. Ya ce ranar da suka sauka Bauchi an ba su masauƙi mai kyawo ga kuma, kyautar mota.

A wani wurin ya kuma kawo yadda Sarakuna suke saukar baƙinsu, kamar haka:

Jagora :Idan Sallah ta taho mu tarbi baƙinmu in sun zo,

’Y/Amshi :Lafiya zaki,

:Mamman baban Galadima ɗan Musa

(Gusau 2009:253)

Haka yake a sallah ana samu baƙi suna zuwa daga yankuna na karkara, waɗanda sukan zama baƙi na Sarakuna kuma ake yi musu masauƙi da abinci da tsaraba.

4.4 Alheri na Mazauwa Fada

Dubi abin da yake faɗi na zumunci da alherin Sarki Ado:

Jagora :Ga alheri ga sa da zumunci,

:Ado San Kano ɗan Bello ,

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu

Jagora :Ga alheri ga sa da zumunci,

:Ado San Kano ɗan Bello

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu.

Jagora :Dattawa suna sambarka,

:’Yan yara suna sun gode,

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu.‘

(Gusau 2009:276-277)

Baya ga sarakunan kansu na ƙarƙashinsu ma na yin kyauta da alheri saboda Sarki. Ga yadda ya nuna haka:

Jagora :Na ce mashi Ashahura Allah ma albarka,

‘Y/Amshi :Alhaji Sarkin Zazzau Shehu.

Jagora :Haji Ashahura Allah ma sakayya,

‘Y/Amshi :Alhaji Sarkin Zazzau Shehu.

Jagora :Cif naira metan yab ba ni,

:Saboda Sarkin Zazzau Shehu,

‘Y/Amshi :Alhaji Sarkin Zazzau Shehu.

Jagora :Na ce da shi Allah ma sakayya,

‘Y/Amshi :Alhaji Sarkin Zazzau Shehu.

(Gusau 2009:266)

Wannan shi ya ƙara tabbatar da fada gidan karamci da alheri ce. Ga kuma wani misali:

Jagora :Na gode Filani,

:Domin San Kano ɗan Ali

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu

Jagora :Alhaji Garba nag ode mai,

:Domin San Kano ɗan Ali

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu,

 

Jagora : Babban doki manya kaya,

:Ga jikkunan nan an ba Mammam,

:Domin San Kano ɗan Abdu,

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu

Jagora :Saboda Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu

Jagora : Alhaji zo ga Naira metan,

:Ga Naira dubu a b aka,

:Domin San Kano ɗan Ali,

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu.

Jagora :Kyautar doki sai mai mulki,

;Babbar riga sai mai mulki,

:Manya kurɗi sai mai mulki,

:Komi na karɓe shi a birni,

:Dimin San Kano ɗan Ali,

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu

Jagora :Mun ce mun gode,

:Ya Allah shi yi ma sakayyya,

:Baba na Garba wane yaro

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu.

Jagora :Mun gode Ado san Kano ɗan Bello,

‘Y/Amshi :Ado San Kano ɗan Abdu.

(Gusau 2009:280-281)

Kamar yadda Dr. Mamman Shata ya nuna ba lallai sai Sarki ne yake da karamci kawai ba, har ma da sauran mutanen fada. Kamar ‘ya’yan sarki da bayin sarki da barorinsa a fada da duk wani wanda ya shafi fada shi ma za a tarar da shi yana da karamci da kyautatawa irin tasa.

5.0 Kammalawa

A wannan takarda an yi magana ne dangane da yanayi na yin karamcin Sarakunan Hausawa. Aƙalla an yi bayani da misalai a kan hanyoyin guda huɗu da suka ƙumshi kyauta da girmama magabata da kulawa da iyaye da saukar baƙi da kuma yin alherai na sauran majiɓanta fada. An kuma ƙarƙare waɗannan hanyoyi na karamci da misalai na ɗiya daga wasu waƙoƙin Mamman Shata Katsina.

A wannan nazari an fahimci ba sarakuna kawai suke yin karamci a fadodinsu kawai ba, har da sauran majiɓanta fada tun daga Hakimai da Fadawa da wasu Sarauta duka su ma sun sami tasiri da Sarakunansu a yin Karamci

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