Mabudin Tarihin Rayuwa Da Fasahohi Da Matakan Shiryawa Da Aiwatar Da Wakokin Makada Sa'idu Faru (1932-1987)

Citation: Gusau, S.M. (2024). Mabuɗin Tarihin Rayuwa Da Fasahohi Da Matakan Shiryawa Da Aiwatar Da Waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru (1932-1987). Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 29-36. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.004.

Marigayi Makaɗa Sa'idu Abubakar
Banga, Kaurar Namoda, Faru

MABUƊIN TARIHIN RAYUWA DA FASAHOHI DA MATAKAN SHIRYAWA DA AIWATAR DA WAƘOƘIN MAKAƊA SA'IDU FARU (1932-1987)

Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya,
Jami’ar Bayero, Kano

1.0  Gabatarwa

Tun ran gini ran zane, tun da Hausawa suka zauni Ƙasar Hausa suke shiryawa da aiwatar da waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa. Haƙiƙa, Hausawa sun jima ainun suna rera waƙoƙin baka da ka har kuwa zuwa lokacin da suka ƙirƙiri wasu sinadarai na gwama waƙar baka da kiɗa.

Kamar yadda ake nunawa, a Ƙasar Hausar Hausa[1] an fara waƙoƙi ne na dandali da na soyayya[2]. Da Hausawa suka sami fasaha ta kayan kiɗa, sai suka durmuya cikin waƙoƙi na farauta da na tauri da na siddabaru ko wobuwa ko waɗanda suke da wata ɗaukaka a rayuwa ta mutane da makamantan waɗannan.

Daga nan ne makaɗa suka saki jiki suka dinga yi wa Sarakuna da sauran masu jini na Sarauta Waƙoƙi (Gusau, S. M. (1983).

2.0  Tasowar Waƙoƙin Sarauta ko Fada

A yayin da Hausawa suka fara shiryawa da aiwatar da waƙoƙin baka na masu Sarauta sun fahimci Sarakuna su ne masu iko na zartar da abubuwa, masu ƙarfi a zucci da zahiri, masu faɗaɗa garuruwa da ƙarfin tuwo da na takobi, masu yin yadda suke so bisa yadda suke bukata. A daidai wannan lokaci Hausawa sukan kira waƙoƙin waɗannan mutane da waƙoƙin Sarakuna ko waƙoƙin Masu Sarauta ko Sarauta ko fada[3].

Bisa zakuɗe-zakuɗen Masarautu a Ƙasar Hausa, manyan garuruwa da Dauloli da yanaye-yanayen ƙiriniyoyinsu ne suka sanya suka sami wani kaso na makaɗan fada, wato:

a)  Makaɗan Sarauta ko Fada kawai

Haka kuma bayan kama Mulkin Turawa (1903-1960) sai aka sami makaɗan suna yi wa kowane mutum mai Sarauta waƙa, daɗa:

b)     Sarki ne ko

c)    Uban Ƙasa ko

d)  Dagaci ko

e)   Mai’unguwa ko

f)    Kowane mutum mai jinin Sarauta

Tun lokacin da Sa’idu Faru[4] ya fara gudanar da waƙoƙi na masu Sarauta, ba abin da ya zamanto a bakinsa sai ƙirƙira da shirya waƙoƙin Sarauta. Makaɗi ne wanda ya yi matuƙar dagewa wajen samar da nagartattun matakai na aiwatarwa da sadar da taraku da tubalai da ɗiya na waƙoƙin fada. Sannan ya sadar da rauji cikin kiyaye daidaito na auna kiɗa da zaɓen kalmomi da suka dace da waƙar. Bisa rerawar ce kuma makaɗa Sa’idu Faru yake ayyana saƙonni, manya da ƙanana, a ingantattun matanoni da ɗiyan waƙa da a saɗarun waƙa da a gaɓoɓi da mabambantan madiru da masaukai na waƙar baka kai da duk ma sauran ƙunshe-ƙunshe ko tarkace-tarkace na waƙar baka ɗaya ko waƙoƙin baka.

A tarihin na yunƙurin rubutu a fasahohin kiɗa na makaɗa Sa’idu Faru waɗanda suka nasu har suka yi jirwaye a shiryawa da gabatar da waƙoƙinsa, na jima[5] da fahimtar wasu abubuwa a cikinsu. Waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru, waƙoƙi ne da suka ƙunshi falsafofi a garwaye da cusa hikimomi da balagar harshen Waƙoƙin Baka a kuwa yawancin waƙoƙin da ya aiwatar.

A bisa wannan hidima ta waƙoƙin baka Sa’idu Faru ya sami aƙalla shekaru arba’in (40) yana sadar da waƙoƙi na baka, musamman ma waɗanda suka shafi Sarauta da majiɓintanta.

2.1 Muhimman ayyuka na Nazari waɗanda na fitar daga waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa’idu Faru waɗanda ya yi yunƙurin rubutawa sun haɗa da:

‘Sa’idu Faru and the Deɓelopment of Hausa’ Oral Poetry (Ibadan:1991).

Na so na gabatar da wannan muƙala a Sashen Koyar da Ingilishi, Jami’ar Ibadan a wani taro na shekara-shekara da ake yi a Sashen. Wanda aka nufin gudanarwa a tsakanin 8-11, April, 1991.

2.2 A Littafin Makaɗa da Mawaƙan Hausa, S. M. Gusau

Ɗab’in Fisbas Media Serɓices, Kano 1987-1996 an kawo;

Kashi na Uku    sh:

Makaɗan Sarakuna na II   102

Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun 104

Alhaji Sa’idu Faru   117

Sarkin Taushi Muhammadu Ɗanbunguɗu 128

Muhammadu Ango Maitabshi  140

Umaru mai Sa’a Tubali   153

Alhaji Sani Aliyu Ɗandawo  163

Alhaji Sa’idu Maidaji Sabon Birni 171

Alhaji Abu Ɗankurna Maru  176

Muhammadu Maidamma Sarkin Taushi 186

 

2.3              A kuma Littafin Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka, Juzu’i na Ɗaya, S.M. Gusau, 2009 Zaɓaɓɓun Matanoni na Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa: Century Research and Publishing Limited Kano, an zo da waɗannan matanoni na wasu waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru;

 

1.45 Gwabron Giwa Uban Galadima  145

Sarkin Yaƙin Banga, Alhaji Sule Ƙauran Namoda

 

1.46 Kana Shirye Baban ‘Yanruwa  152

Sarkin Kudu Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Abubakar III

 

1.47 Bajinin Gidan Bello Mamman na Yari 158

 Sarkin Kudu Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Abubakar III

 

1.48 Koma Shirin Yaƙi   159

 Sarkin Fulanin Bunguɗu Alhaji Shehu

 

1.49 Tsakin Tama na Abashe   161

 Turakin Kano Alhaji Amadu

1.50 Dangalin Maza Jikan Shehu Sarkin Kudu  165

 Sarkin Kudu, Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Abubakar III

 

1.51 Koma Shirin Daga Bubakar   170

 Sarkin Yawuri Muhammadu Tukur (1955-1981)

 

2.4  Shi kuwa Littafin Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka, Juzu’i na Biyu, S.M. Gusau Century Research and Publishing Limited, Kano, 2014

ya kawo matani na wanan waƙa ne:

 

1.4 Sa’idu Faru     27

 Gwauron Giwa Jirayi Gaba na Amadu

 Alhaji Amadu Sarkin Kiyawa na Ƙauran Namoda

 

2.5  A LittafinWaƙoƙin Baka a Ƙasar Hausa:

Yanaye -Yanayensu da Sigoginsu, S. M. Gusau,

Benchmark Publishers Limited, Kano, 2008 an yi

Bayanai da suka danganci waɗannan abubuwa:

 

1.2.5 Sarakunan Tsohuwar Daular Zamfara  23

1.2.8 Sarakunan Maru da Bunguɗu  31

2.1 Tarihin Kiɗa a Ƙasar Hausa   53

3.1 Asali da Tasowar Makaɗan Baka na Hausa  110

5.0 Turke da Nau’o’insa a Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa  369-390

5.5 Wasu Ginduna na Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa:

Gindunan Waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru (1932-1987) 404-408

 

2.6              Fasahohi da Falsafofin Sa’idu Faru

Sa’idu Faru, makaɗi ne wanda waƙoƙinsa suke a tumbul da fasahohin da ya yi ta shisshiryawa yana sadar da su a waƙoƙinsa na masu Sarauta. Idan aka nutsu sosai ainun za a fahimci duk da ƙarancin shekaru na Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru, makaɗi ne wanda ya ciri tuta a wajen sarƙa kalmomin waƙa masu kaifafa tunani, masu janhali, masu sanya a ƙure adaka a tsinkayowa da fahimtar madosa ko mahangoginsu. Ga wasu misalai na waɗannan fasahohi da dabaru kamar haka:

 

2.6.1        Sa’idu Faru Yakan yi Dabarar Mutuntarwa da Dabbantarwa

Sa’idu Faru ya ƙware a Jingina wasu ayyuka na mutane ga wasu dabbobi da ba nasu ne bisa asali ba kuma yakan ɗauki halaye na dabbobi ya ɗora wa mutane da ba a san su da su ba irin dabarun nan ne manazarta suke ambata da jinsartarwa ta mutuntarwa ko ta dabbantarwa.

Sannan kuma ana jin makaɗan baka na Hausa su ne suka fara ɗaukar gabata a sarƙa irin dabaru na mutuntarwa ko dabbantarwa.

Haka kuma ana ganin kamar Sa’idu Faru ne ya yi fice a sahu na makaɗan baka masu zalaƙa da baiwa ta shirya maganganun jan hankali da sukan ta’allaƙa da mutuntarwa ko dabbantarwa, wato dai mutane ko dabbobi. Ga wasu misalai daga waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru kamar haka:

 

Jagora: Duka,

‘Y/Amshi: Al’amarin duniyang ga sai Allah,

: Ɗansambo Rungumi.

 Jigogi: Ko jiya na iske gamdayaƙi da tuji,

: Sun sarƙa gardama,

: To sun ko mirɗa gardama,

: Sun iske su bubuƙuwa ruwa,

: Dannan sai ni ko ina gaton gaɓa,

: Sai nik ƙwala gaisuwa,

: Su ko sun dwaƙile ni duk,

: Ni ko nik ƙara gaisuwa,

: Dannan gurbin da ac cikin gurbi,

: Ya amsa gaisuwa;

 (Sa’idu Faru, Gwabron Giwa, sh: 149)

 

 Jagora (Mu’azu): Can nak kusa kai wa Zariya,

: Dannan Daudu ni ko sai nit tsaya,

: Sai Sarkin Zazzau nig gani,

: Ya ce man Muhamman ya tai Haji,

: Sai nis saki hanya niy gabas,

: Can na taɓa yat tafiya kaɗan,

: Sai ni ishe Suda na kiwo,

: Tana ta waƙar Sarkin Kudu,

: Rainai ya daɗe Sarkin Kudu,

: Ala Sabbinani ɗan Amadu,

‘Y/Amshi: Allah shi ƙara ma nasara. Ɗ2

 Mu’azu: Nic ce Suda waƙa a kai,

: Ta ce lalle waƙa nikai,

: Waƙam Mamman Sarkin Kudu,

: Waƙam nan da Ɗan Umma yai mashi,

: Baicin uwat tsuntsaye nike,

: In da kamam mulki na nikai,

: Da nai mai wasiƙa yai min kiɗi

(Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka: Zaɓaɓɓun Matanoni na Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa, Juzu’i na Ɗaya, S. M. Gusau, 2009)

2.6.2        Salon Magana ko Wasa da Harshe

Har wa yau kuma Sa’idu Faru yana daga cikin makaɗan baka da suka fara shigar da dabara ta wasa da harshe ko ƙarangiya ko maimaita kalmomi masu sauti iri ɗaya a gaɓoɓinsu ko magana mai salo, irin na salon magana. Ga misalai:

 

Jagora: Yaro in taƙamar salon magana kaka yi,

 : Ce tsare tsara,

'Y/Amshi: Tahi tsantsamin tsantsara,

 : Ka tsantsame tsari tsab ga tsamiya,

Jagora: Tunkuɗa tunku cikin tukar rukuɓu,

 : Tukuɗin Tumba yai tuɓus,

'Y/Amshi: Tumba taho yau da ke da Tab da Taɓo,

 : Da tuɓus da 'Yattuɓus.

Akwai kuma:

Jagora: Ban da gudu ban da razana,

'Y/Amshi: Ka san Sarki ba shi waiwaya,

Jagora: Ban da gudu ban da razana,

'Y/Amshi: Ka san Sarki ba shi waiwaya,

 : Ko da jan Gwamna ya gani,

 : Ko da jan Zaki yag gani.

(Gwabron giwa Uban Galadima, Waƙar Alhaji Sule, Sarkin Yaƙin Banga, Diwani na Ɗaya, 2009, S.M. Gusau)

Sai kuma:

 Jagora: Gwabro mai shekara guda ag gwabro,

: Ba dai biyat ba.

 ‘Y/Amshi: Gwabro mai shekara bakwai,

: Shi wannan ya zama gwarangwani.

(Sa’idu Faru: 1.45 Gwabron Giwa Uban Galadima, sh: 151)

 

2.6.3   Rarrabe Halaye na Mutane

Sa'idu Faru ya zayyana yanayi da yadda mutane suka rarrabu da sauran halittu na Allahu. Allah bai halicci mutane a duniya su zama suna da halaye da yanaye-yanayen rayuwa iri ɗaya ba. Kowane mutum yana da yadda aka ƙaddara masa rayuwa a duniya. Dubi yadda Sa'idu Faru ya rarrabe nau'o'i na mutane kamar haka:

 

Jagora (Mu'azu): Tun ran da Allahu yai duniya,

: Nan ya yi mutum mai ƙoƙari,

: Nan ya yi mutum mai kyawo,

 

: Kuma ya yi mutum mummuna,

: Nan ya yi mutum mai haske,

: Kuma ya yi mutum mai dauni,

: Nan ya yi mutum mai samu,

: Kuma ya yi mutum mai rauni,

: Nan ya yi mutum mai ɗan Sarki,

: Kuma ya aza bawan Sarki,

: Nan ya yi mutum iko,

: Kuma ya aza mai roƙonai,

(Sa'idu Faru: 'Kana Shire Baban 'Yanruwa',

 sh:154, Diwani na Ɗaya, 2009)

 

2.7   Makaɗi da Ubangida

Babu shakka Sa'idu Faru, Allah ya jiƙan sa da gafara, ya yi wa Alhaji Muhammaaddu Macciɗo ɗan Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III waƙoƙi da dama a matsayi na Ubangidansa. A lokacin kuwa yana bisa matsayin Hakimi, mai riƙe da Sarautar Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato, sannan kuma tun yana riƙe da Sarautar Uban Ƙasa ta garin Talata Mafara a cikin Jihar Zamfara a yau.

Amma saboda hangen nesa da sanin falsafar rayuwa ta Hausawa, Sa'idu Faru bai yi wa Ubangidansa zurum ba. Ya yi wa Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo Abubakar III addu'o'i na ya gaji iyaye da kakanninsa, shi ma ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. Allah kuma ya ƙaddara hakan cikin yardarsa da amincewarsa da ikonsa[6]. Ga misali:

 

Mu'azu (Jagora): Faɗi gaskiya Bello kai Shehu yac ce,

: Bari masu su son duk su maishe ka yaro,

: Da kyauta da ilimi da neman dalilin,

: Da gode wa Allah da istigfari,

: Da su Bello ɗan Shehu ya tsarma kowa,

: Ka kai kamab Bello ka gaji Moyi,

(Sa'idu Faru: Bajimin gidan Bello Mamman,

Diwani ya Ɗaya, 2009, sh: 158)

 

A wani ɗan waƙa Sa'idu Faru yana cewa:

 

Jagora (Mu'azu): Maganag ga da za ni faɗa maka,

: Gagarau ɗan Aliyu kai man gafara,

: Wada duk aka gadon ƙasura,

: Wada duk aka gadon ɗaukaka,

: Wada duk aka gadon ci gaba,

: Mamman ka gaji Abubakar,

: Ko da sayen halin nan akai,

 'Y/Amshi: Baba hali da kakai kuɗɗi shikai,

: Kana shirye baban 'yanruwa,

: Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

(Sa'idu Faru: Diwani na Ɗaya, 2009, sh: 154)

3.0 Kammalawa

Tun a farkon wannan dunƙulallen tarihin Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru an nuna an haife shi a shekarar 1932, a cikin mazauni na Banga, Ƙaurar Namoda a Jihar Zamfara[7]. Sa'idu Faru ya fara kiɗan kotso a garin Banga da Kiyawa da Ƙauran Namoda da Zurmi da Wurno har kuwa ya fito zuwa Kano da Talata-Mafara da Sakkwato da sauran wurare, manya da ƙananan garuruwa a farfajiya ta Ƙasar Hausa.

Mahaifin Sa'idu Faru Makaɗa Abubakar Faru ne jagaban kiɗa na Sa'idu Faru da shi kuwa da dukkan ƙannensa, musamman ma Mu'azu Rungumi. Ya ɗora su bisa hanya kyakkyawa wadda take cike da laduban kiɗa bisa tafarki na Hausawa.

Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ya yi kiɗan noma da kuma kiɗan Sarauta waɗanda dukka ya gaje su daga wajen mahaifinsa.

Daga cikin waƙoƙin Faru na farko akwai wadda aka yi tsakure nata kamar haka:

G/Waƙa: Bida maza ɗan Jadi na Iro,

 : Iro mgajin Shehu da Bello,

Jagora: Ruwa da kada ɗibgau na Magaji,

 'Y/Amshi: Sai tsohon wawa ka shigar su.

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, Sa’idu Faru ya yi biya ta kiɗa. Ya yi waƙoƙi na gayauna a inuwar waƙoƙin kotso na yaƙi da na noma da kuma na fada. Daga nan ne Sa’idu Faru ya zama masanin kiɗa na waƙoƙin Sarauta. Kuma har ya zama makaɗin Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato, Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo ɗan Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III (1938-1988).

Ƙungiyar Sa'idu Faru ta Kiɗa (Kotso):

Sa'idu Faru: Jagora

Mu'azu: Rungumi/Marafa, Ƙulli, Ƙari/Amshi

Ɗandolo: Kiɗa da Amshi

Lawali : Kiɗa da Amshi

Ibrahim Fari: Kiɗa da Ƙari da Ƙulli/Amshi

Ibrahim Makaɗa: Kiɗa da Ƙulli da Ƙari/Amshi

 Ƙungiyar Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ta Kiɗan Kotso

Makaɗa Sa'idu Abubakar Faru mutum ne mai kaifin basira, mai azanci, masanin balagar harshen Hausa, mai iya ɗora kowace magana a muhallinta da lagonta da kuma madosarta ko madirarta a zance na baka.

Akwai bukatar masu nazari da bincike da ƙoƙarin rarrabe ko yi wa waƙoƙin Sa'idu Faru sharhi cikin kadadu su dinga tantancewa da waƙoƙin da Sa’idu Faru ya aiwatar a muhallu mabambanta. Alalmisali, akwai waƙoƙin da ya yi masu yawan gaske da suka dangance kiɗan yaƙi ko kiɗan noma, kai hatta ma da kiɗan jarumai.

Har wa yau, makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ya yi kiɗa na gayauna ga Sarkin yaƙin Banga da gayaunar kiɗan noma ga jagabannin noma kamar Sarkin Noma da Gojen Noma da Ƙauran Noma da makamantansu. Ya kuma yi gayaunar waƙoƙin wasu iyayen ƙasa tun kuwa yana yin waƙa ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa Makaɗa Abubakar Faru.

Haƙiƙa daga bisani ne Sa'idu Faru ya haɗu da Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo ɗan Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III suka shaƙu da juna, suka ƙaunaci juna, har Sa'idu Faru ya zama makaɗinsa, shi kuma macciɗo ya zama ubangidansa na ƙut-da-ƙut.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a baya, Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ya zauna a ƙarƙashin Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Abubakar III tun kuwa yana riƙe da muƙamin Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato kuma Uban Ƙasar Talata-Mafara. A zamanin Muhammadu Macciɗo yana ɗan Sarki mashahuri, mai sharafi, masoyin kowa da kowa[8].

Hakazalika, yana da kyau a fahimci, makaɗan Hausa waɗanda suka biyo bayan Sa'idu Faru sukan wadatu da wasu dabaru na waƙoƙinsa waɗanda sukan jejjefa su a cikin waƙoƙinsu sa'i da lokaci. Dubi wasu sassa na zubin waƙoƙi, kamar ƙulli ko ƙari da wasu makaɗan sukan aro dabaru na Sa'idu Faru su alkinta su da waƙoƙinsu.

Wani abin la'akari a nan shi ne, masu nazari da bincike da sharhin waƙoƙin baka a jami'o'i mabambanta, waɗanda ake kyautata fahimta su ne suke dagewa su gabatar da ayyukan fasahohin baka na waƙoƙin makaɗan baka. Waɗannan masu jaddada ƙoƙari da himmatuwa da jajircewa ya dace su yi ta zaƙulo waƙoƙin waɗanda Sa'idu Faru ya yi da shi da ƙaninsa Mu'azu Rungumi sannan su ƙalailaice su, su rairaye tsakuwa cikin tsaki.

Haka kuma abu ne mai matuƙar alfanu al’ummar Hausawa su jimri biya suna ƙwaƙwalo waƙoƙin da Sa'idu da Mu'azu suka aiwatar kuma suka sadar, musamman ma tun daga lokacin da suke zaune a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsu Makaɗa Abubakar Faru suna cin gayauna ta waƙa. Yin haka zai daɗa sa ba za a taɓa mantawa da waƙoƙin da su Faru suka yi na baya ba, ballantana har a tattaru a waƙoƙin Alhaji Macciɗo Abubakar III.

Yin nazari na waƙoƙin Sa'idu Faru ba tare da ambato na waƙoƙinsa na baya ba, ai kamar an tuɓe masa taguwa an bar shi sanye da riga kawai.

Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, makaɗi ne wanda ya sami laso[9] biyu a rayuwarsa ta waƙa a duniya tun daga lokacin da ya fara waƙar baka har zuwa rasuwarsa (a 1987).

A wannan takarda ana jin Sa'idu Faru ya sami aƙalla shekaru arba'in (40) tun daga ƙuruciya zuwa rasuwa yana yin waƙa.

Amma duk da waɗannan shekaru da ya samu a duniya, Allahu ya ba shi hikima da zalaƙa na yin waƙa cikin shirya kalmomi da jumloli masu sajewa da waɗanda yake yi wa waƙoƙi. Yana kuma da harshe na kyautata zubi da rauji da sanin masaukar ko madirar ɗan waƙa. Allahu kuma ya ƙunsa masa fahimta ta yin manuni da wasu halittu kamar tsuntsaye da dabbobi da ƙwari da kifaye da kadonni da dorinu da sauran halittu na cikin ruwa da na tudu da Allah ya mallaka masa fahimtarsu.

Allahu ya gafarta wa Alhaji Sa’idu Abubakar Faru da ƙaninsa Mu’azu da ɗansa Ibrahim Fari da dukkan zuriyya tasu tun daga iyaye da kakanni. Muna roƙon Allah ya lulluɓe su da rahamarsa, ya karɓi ayyukansu kyawawa. Muna roƙon Allah ya sanya harshensu a waƙa ya zama abin koyi mai shiryawa zuwa Musulunci.

1.      Manazarta

2.      Abdulƙadir, D. (1975) The Role of an Oral Singer in Hausa /Fulani Society: A Case Study of Mamman Shata. Ph. D. Thesis. Indiana University.

3.      Bello, M. (2020) A History of Modern Industries in Gusau. TETFUND: Tertiary Education Trust Fund. TETFUND/DESS/UNI/GUSAU/AMB/2018-2019/1. Sokoto: University Press Limited, Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo University.

4.      Garba, M. (1995) Nazarin Azanci a Cikin Waƙoƙin Makaɗan Baka na Hausa. Binciken Digiri na Biyu. Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya. Kano: Jami'ar Bayero.

5.      Gusau, S. M. (1983) 'Waƙoƙin Noma na Baka'. Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya. Kano: Jami'ar Bayero.

6.      Gusau, S. M. (1988) 'Waƙoƙin Fada: Yanaye-Yanayensu da Sigoginsu'. Kundin Digiri na Uku. Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya. Kano: Jami'ar Bayero.

7.      Gusau, S. M. (1991) 'Sa'idu Faru and the Development of Hausa Oral Poetry'. Takarda da aka Ƙudurci Gabatarwa a Taro na Goma na Shekara-Shekara a Adabi a Afirka. Wamda Sashen Koyar da Ingilishi, Jami'ar Ibadan yake Shiryawa.

8.      Gusau, S. M. (2000) 'Kirari a Waƙoƙi Makaɗan Hausa' a Cikin Hausa Studies, Ɓol.II, No 2. Sakkwato: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

9.      Gusau, S. M. (2001) 'Waƙar Gogarman Tudu ta Ibrahim Narambaɗa a Mazubin Nazari'. a Cikin Algaita: Journal of Current Research in Hausa Studies, Ɓol. 1, No. 1, Noɓember 2001. Department of Nigerian Languages Series 1. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero.

10.  Gusau, S. M. (2008) Waƙoƙin Baka a Ƙasar Hausa: Yanaye-Yanayensu da Sigoginsu, Kano: Benchmark Pubishers Limited.

11.  Gusau, S. M. (2008/2009) 'Jirwayen Cimakar Hausawa a Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa' a cikin Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Hausa Studies. Africa and European Perspectiɓes. Kano: Bayero University and Napoli: University Degli Studi di Napoli 'L,'Oriental'.

12.  Gusau, S. M. (2009) Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka. Zaɓaɓɓun Matanoni na Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa. Juzu'i na Ɗaya, Kano: Century Research and Publishing Limited.

13.  Gusau, S. M. (2011) 'Tarihi da Hanyar Nazarin Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya a Taƙaice: Department of Hausa, Katsina, Federal College of Education & Kano: Century Research and Publishing Limited.

14.  Gusau, S. M. (2019) 'Sarki Majiɓincin Makaɗi' a cikin Algaita: Journal of Curreent Research in Hausa Studies, Ɓol. 12, No. 2 December 2019. Department of Nigerian Languages Series 1. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero .

15.  Gusau, S. M. (2021) 'Feɗe Waƙar Jarumar Mata Bisa Gadon Nazari na Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya ta Makaɗi Hamisu Yusuf Breaker a Algaita: Journal of Current Research in Hausa Studies, Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero.

16.  Gusau, S. M. (2014) Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka. Juzu'i na Biyu, Kano: Century Research and Publishing Limited.

17.  Gusau, S.M. (2014) 'Makaɗan Hausa Jiya da yau' a Cikin Garkuwan Adabin Hausa: A Festschrift in Tribute to Abdulƙadir Ɗangambo. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero.

18.  Gusau, S.M. (2019) 'Harshen Makaɗi a Zubin Diyan Waƙa Bahaushiya', A cikin Algaita Journal of Cuurrent Research in Hausa Studies. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero.

19.  Gusau, S.M. (2021) 'Aiwatarwa da Sadarwa a Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa' a cikin A Great Scholar and Linguistics: A Festschrift in Honor of Professor Ibrahim Ahmad Mukoshy. Kaduna: Amal Printing Press Sakkwato: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.

20.  Gusau, S.M. (2023) Tarihin Rayuwar da Halifofin Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun a Aiwatarwa da Sadar da Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa (Lead Paper 1) a cikin Studies on the Poetic Dynasty of Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maituru Ƙanen Makada Maradun. Proceedings of the 30 Years. Commemoratiɓe Confrence of Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun. Published for the Department of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University, Kano: Kano Printing and Publishing.

21.  King, A. Ɓ. (1967) 'Music at the Court of Katsina'. London University of London.

22.  MaiKafi, S. (1977) 'Waƙoƙin Mata Hausawa na Gargajiya: Musamman Waƙoƙin Niƙa da na Daɓe'. Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya. Kano: Jami'ar Bayero.

23.  Sada, S. Y. (1979) 'The Social and Prosodic Features of Oral Poetry'. M. A. Thesis. Kano: Jami'ar Bayero.

---

[1] a) Tun da farko waƙar baka a Ƙasar Hausa a rere ake yin ta, da ka da kuma fatun baki.

b) Waƙar baka wadda take a tare da jijjiga ko karkaɗa ko doddoka sassan jiki kamar tafuna da duwawu da ƙirji da ƙafafu da sauransu.

c) Waƙar baka tana amfani da wasu kayan aiki na mata ko na maza, waɗanda ba an yi su domin a yi kiɗa ba. Daga cikinsu akwai shantu da dutsin niƙa da turmi da taɓarya da madaɓi da ƙwarya da dabarun raino da saƙa da hannuwa da ƙirji da makamantansu.

d) Sannan akwai kaya da Hausawa suke tankawa suke yin kiɗa da su kawai kamar kalangu da zari da ganga (fara ko baƙa) da kuwaru da kotso da sauransu da yawa.

e) Kayan kiɗan da Hausawa suke sarrafa su daga wasu sassa na jikunkunan dabbobi, misali ƙaho da tantani da tsarkiya da yisga, musamman ta doki da fatunansu suna harhaɗa abubuwan kaɗawa ko busawa ko ire-irensu.

f) Wasu kayan kiɗa baƙi waɗanda bisa yau da gobe suka shigo ƙasar Hausa har kuma Hausawa suka saba da amfani da su.

 Misali kotsayen Filani da Mikirifon da Miksa da Tsintsiya da sauran kaya na ɗakin Sitidiyo da na kiɗan Disco da makamantansu (Gusau, 1988).

[2] a) Akwai wata tafiya da muka yi a Khartoum, babban birnin Sudan. A wannan tafiya mun ziyarci wasu mashahuran makaɗa a Sudan (Muganni ko Almuɗrab ko Fannan) da suka yi fice a waƙar baka ta Sudan kamar Usman Hisen (ya rasu 2008). Mun ziyarce shi a zango na la’asar sakaliya, muna gidansa har zuwa sallar isha’i. Wani abu ne kuwa ya faru wanda ya riƙe mu. Jim kaɗan bayan gama sallar magriba, shafaƙi ya ɓuya, duhu ya shiga. Sai Makaɗin ya ji yaran Unguwa sun kama waƙe-waƙe. Sai ya daina sauraronmu ya koma yana jiwo waƙe-waƙen ‘yan mata na dandali daga nesa. Sai can kawai muka ji ya fara yin waƙa, har ya tashi a tsaye yana tafi. Haka kuma na kallaci wata tattaunawa da aka yi da Muhammad Wardi (ya rasu 19/02/2012) a 1991 a Talabijin da ta Bidiyo. A tattaunawar da Muhammad Wardi ya yi irin wannan bayani. Kuma ya nuna sukan sarrafa kayan kiɗansu daga abubuwan da suke samowa a daji na yankinsu, ba su da bukatar su tafi wani waje ko wani wuri daban.

A yayin da muka ci gaba da tattaunawa da waɗannan makaɗa sun bayyana mana waƙoƙin na asali a Arewacin Sudan su ne waɗanda samari da ‘yan mata suka dinga aiwatarwa a hirar su ta cinye dare. Daga nan kuma muka fahimci waƙoƙin dandali na ‘yan mata da ‘yan maza ne suka zama na farko-farko a Arewacin Nijeriya.

b) Wasu Al-Muɗrab ko Al-Muganni ko Alfannan da aka yi a Sudan Khartoum su ne Kamar:

1. Usman Hisen (2008 Rasuwa)

2. Muhammad Wardi (Fannan) (19/12/2012 Rasuwa)

3. Muhammad Al-Amin

4. Kamal Tarbas (Yana a Raye)

5. Ibrahim Hesen (Yana a Raye)

6. Salah ibn- al-Badiya

7. Ahmad Rayya (Yana a Raye)

8. Salman Al-Farisi (Fannan a Sudan) yana a raye

9. da sauransu.

 

[3] Ana ji a lokacin Sarakuna sun daɗa bunƙasa garuruwa zuwa dauloli marasa ƙayyadaddun iyakoki ko masu iyakoki (Dauloli a Ƙasar Hausa, 2024) Makaɗi yakan nauyaya alkadarin Daula, ya ƙarfafa ta, ya fifita ta, ya fito da nauyi na ƙarfinta ba tare da nuna tsoro ba. Shi makaɗi ba a kan kashe shi a yaƙi ba, akan ɗaura wa makaɗi laya wadda za ta hana a iya kama shi a yaƙi. Haka kuma idan ya sami dama ya kaɗa gangarsa akan ƙyale shi. Sai dai idan aka rinjayi rundunarsa a yaƙi, yakan koma ƙarƙashin rundunar da ta rinjayi tasa, kuma ya zama makaɗinta ba tare da nuna wata kunya ba.

[4] Sa’idu Faru makaɗi ne wanda ya gaji kiɗa da iyaye daga kakanninsa. Sa’idu Faru ya yi kiɗa na jarumai ne da suka shafi mayaƙa kuma masana dazuzzuka da abubuwan da suka tattaru da su. Ya laƙantu da sanin wasu fasahohi ba na ɗan’adam ba har na tsuntsaye da dabbobi da dazuzzukan da suke zazzaune a cikinsu.

Akwai Umma, matar ƙanen mahaifinsa da shi kansa Sa’idu Faru da ‘yan’uwansa na kiɗa dukka sun yi wa Sa’idu Faru kirari a kan zalaƙoƙin da Allahu ya yi masa. Misali:

·       Kundumin Kiɗan Fada

·       Mai Kwana Ɗumi

·       Na Mamman na Balaraba

·       Ɗan Umma Rungumi ko Kandami

·       Ɗan Tumba Rungumi

[5] Lura da ilhamomin da Allahu ya danganta shi da su, ko ya hore masa su.

[6] Allahu cikin kun-fa-ya-kun, da amincewarsa da yardarsa, ya yi wa Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Sarautar Sarkin Musulmi a shekara ta 1995-2007. Shi kuma Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya rasu a shekara ta 1987. A kuma wannan lokaci na rasuwar Sa’idu Faru ya sami shekaru kusan ashirin (20) daidai, sannan Allah ya nufi Alhaji Macciɗo ya zama Sarkin Musulmi.

[7] A halin yau garin Ƙaurar Namoda ya zama gunduma kuma yanki na Ƙaramar Hukuma a cikin Jihar Zamfara wadda Janar Sani Abacha ya ƙirƙiro ta a  1/10/1996.

[8] Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, kafin Allah ya karɓi ran Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo, sai da ya ci Sarauta ta Sarkin Musulmi, ya gaji mahaifi da kakanninsa. Muna roƙon Allahu ya yi masa gafara, ya jiƙan sa, ya lulluɓe shi da rahama da shi da kuma makaɗinsa, Marigayi Sa'idu Faru.

[9] A bisa zamantakewar Hausawa, Laso, yana yin nuni ne a kan shekaru 20. Ke nan shekara ashirin sau biyu, arba'in daidai (40). Sa'idu Faru daga 1932-1987.