Jirwayen Dabbobi Da Tsuntsaye Da Kwari a Bakin Makada Sa'idu Faru

Citation: Ahmad, S.A. (2024). Jirwayen Dabbobi Da Tsuntsaye Da Ƙwari a Bakin Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 233-242. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.030.

Jirwayen Dabbobi Da Tsuntsaye Da Ƙwari a Bakin Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru 

Sakina Adamu Ahmad

Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya,
Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato, Sakkwato.
Lambar Waya: 08060142160
Imel: sakeena6060@gmail.com

Tsakure

Salon siffantawa bazar mawaƙa in ji wani fasihin malami a cikin wallafe-wallafensa, ma’ana mawaƙa kan baje kolinsu wajen faɗakarwa da wayar da kan jama’a ta hanyar siffanta wani abu da wani abin. Domin shiga sahun waɗanda za su ba da gudummuwa ga karrama Sa’idu Faru, aka yo guzurin wannan maƙala domin bayyana yadda Sa’idu Faru ya baje kolinsa na amfani da salon siffantawa matsayi da hallayyar wasu mutane da wasu halittu da ke rayuwa a ƙasar Hausa da suka haɗa da rukunin dabbobi da tsuntsaye da ƙwari. Waɗannan dabbobin halittu ne, waɗanda suke yin tasu rayuwa tamkar yadda mutane ke yi. Nazarin halayen dabbobin da mutane ke yi, kan yi tasiri a rayuwar mutanen. Har su yi ma’amala da su. Sa’idu Faru ya kawo wannan hoton na dangantakar mutane da dabbobi a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsa. Ta fuskar nazari, wannan ya zama wani salo na alamci a waƙe.

1.0 Gabatarwa

Mawaƙa wasu rukunan mutane ne da suke da baiwar tsarawa da shirya kalamai a cikin tsari mai ƙayatarwa, sai dai daga cikin baiwar da suke da ita shi ne na yawan nazartar yanayin rayuwa da halayyar halittu don bayyana shi a cikin azancinsu. Wannan ya sanya suka zama malamai masu faɗakarwa da koyar da zamantakewar rayuwa a cikin al’umma. Don haka, duk abin da mawaƙi zai kalla, zai yi masa duba na idon basira ta yadda zai iya fassarashi ga al’umma a hikimance. Irin kyakkyawar dangantakar da ke tsakanin Bahaushe da halittun da ke rayuwa a yankin ƙasar Hausa, ya bai wa mawaƙa dama na lura da yanayin halitta da amfani (ta gefen abinci, magani, wani abin amfani), da halayyarsu ko wani abu mai tasiri wajen amfani da su a cikin waƙoƙi don siffatanwa ko misaltawa ko gugar zana ko lurarsuwa a cikin waƙoƙinsu. Akwai hikima ta fuskar yadda Bahaushe yake ganin waɗannan halittun; da kuma dangantakar rayuwarsu da ta Bahaushe; idan aka natsa za a fahimci cewa Mawaƙa suna wakilta wasu rukunan mutane masu halaye daban-daban, da waɗannan halittun.

Wannan binciken zai yi duba ga amfani da dabbobi, tsuntsaye da ƙwari da makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ke yi wajen buga misalansu a cikin waƙoƙinsa, tare da sharhin ɗiyan waƙoƙin bisa ga ma’anar da aka buga misalin da su.

1.1  Siffantawa Gonar Mawaƙa

Ƙudirin wannan maƙala shi ne tsamo tasirin wasu halittu da ke shimfiɗe a cikin waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa’idu faru, waɗanda suka danganci jinsin halittu guda uku kaɗai da suka haɗa da dabbobi, tsuntsaye da ƙwari, domin hakaito bayanai masu inganci da suke bayyana manufar mawaƙin dangane da ɗiyan waƙoƙin. Abin lura a nan shi ne akwai hanyoyi da dama da mawaƙin ya ambato sunayen halittun wajen buga misalai, ko dai ta siffantawa ta kamanci da halayya, ko kamancen daidaito, fifiko da kasawa ko don sha’awa ko don yabawa ko a wajen kushewa. Ya danganci wace manufa mawaƙi ke da ita wajen isar da saƙonsa ga masu saurare. Wannan ya sanya za a bi diddigin silalen azancin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru don fito da irin waɗannan ɗiyan waƙa domin nazarinsu.

Misali irin wannan shi ne a wani ɗan waƙa in da mawaƙin yake cewa:

Da Mutum da Dabba da Tsuntsu da Ƙwaro, ×2

Da ƙasa da aljanna duk duniya.........

Bajinin gidan Bello Mamman na Yari, Sarkin kudu.....

1.2 Bibibiyar Silalen Batu A Cikin Wakokin Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru

A nan muƙala za ta bibiyi yadda Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya tsarma batun dabbobi a cikin waƙoƙinsa na fada. Kowane misali aka ba da za a yi ƙoƙari wajen bayyana hikimar da ke cikin kawo dabbobi da ƙwari da tsuntsaye a cikin waƙoƙin da kuma ma’anar kowane misali ya fuskanta.

1.2.1 Dabbobi

Dabbobi wasu halittu ne masu ƙafa huɗu (Sa’id 2006), shi kuwa Abraham (1946) ya ƙara da cewa duk wata halitta da ta shafi dabbobi masu jan ciki da ƙwari da kifaye da tsuntsaye ana kiransu dabba, sa’annan akwai dabbobin daji da na gida. Bisa ga waɗannan ma’anoni na masana za mu kawo misalai daga waƙoƙin Mawaƙin da suka danganci dabbobin gida da na daji da suka shafi manyan dabbobi kamar giwa, zaki, ɓauna da kuma ƙanana irin su kurege, damo, tsari da sauransu.

1.2.1.1 Giwa da Wasu Namun Daji:

Gindin Waƙa: Shugaban Musulmin Nijeriya Usumanu,

Koma shirin yaƙi mai martaba ɗan Bello.

 

Jagora : Namun daji suna da dama,

Ga giwa ga zaki,

Ga ɓauna ga mushshe,

Da kuma irin sauran su,

 

‘Y/Amshi : Ban ga wanda yak kai

ga mu'ijjizag giwa ba

Ban ga wanda yak kai ga

mu'ijjizag giwa ba.

(Waƙar Marigayi Mai Alfarma Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III.)

Sharhi: A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa an ambaci giwa wadda take babbar dabba a cikin namun daji, amma kwatance ne ya sa aka yi amfani da ita, aka jingina wa wanda ake yi wa waƙar don a nuna irin girman da yake da shi a cikin al’umma. A cikin wani ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya sake buga misali da giwa inda yake cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Gwabron Giwa Uban Galadima Ɗan Sambo ginshimi,

Gamshiƙan Amadu na Maigandi,

Kai a uban Zagi.

 

Jagora : Zama giwa ta fito kiyo tai miƙa ta zo ta sha ruwa,

 

‘Y/Amshi : Kuji ɗan zomo na hwaɗin,

Hwaɗa ma su tsari, tsara mu tai gida

Daji ya ɓaci kar a take mutum baƙi a akwai ciki.^x2

 

Jagora : Gurnanin damisa ka sa mahwarauta su ɗora ɗemuwa,

 

Y/Amshi : Ga wani ya yi kokuwa da wan ƙarfi nai,

Ya hwaɗi ya kare,

Tun ba a tantance ba shi na nishi,

Ya lanƙwanshe tsara,

(Waƙar Sarkin Yaƙin Banga, Sale Abubakar(1934-1963)

Sharhi: Ma’anar da giwa ta ɗauka a ɗiyan waƙar da ta gabata sun sha bamban da waɗannan, domin kuwa a nan habaici ne da ke nuna wani ɓangare na halayyar giwa na girma da kwarjini da rashin ɗaukar raini bisa ganganci. Cikin ‘yan galadimomi masu jiran gado, Alhaji Sale Abubakar shi ne giwa, sauran kuwa ƙananan ‘yan namu ne kwatanci zomo da tsari. Tun da giwa ta fito, dole ƙanƙanan su kama kansu. Wanda duk kuwa yake jayayya da giwa, to kuwa ya ja wan ƙarfinsa. Sakamakon haka kuwa shi ne kafin a tantance, ya faɗi ya sami mummunan rauni. Haka ma akwai halayyar damisa na ban tsoro da aka siffanta shugaban da shi, wanda ke nuna cewa mutum ne wanda ba a kusantarsa da raini, duk inda ya shiga sai dai masu ja da shi su bar wajen.

1.2.1.2 Wasu Ƙananan Dabbobi

Gindin Waƙa: Ya riƙa da gaskiya Muhammadun Muhammadu,

Karsanin gidan mai saje shirin ka ya yi kyau.

Jagora : Na zo na ishe yan Sarki niɗ ɗauki guda

 

‘Y/Amshi : Komi za mu yi da shi mukai,

 

Jagora : Yahihiya da kunkuru

‘Y/Amshi : Shawara guda su kai

Jagora : Bubuƙuwa da jinjimi

‘Y/Amshi : Shawara guda su kai

 

Jagora : Da bushshiya da beguwa

‘Y/Amshi : Shawara guda su kai

 

Jagora : Da kurciya da hasbiya

‘Y/Amshi : Shawara guda su kai

Dub babu wanda yaz zo Haji,

Babu mai nuhwaz zuwa,

(Waƙar Sarkin Tudun Falale Alhaji Muhammadu Ƙwazo.)

 

Sharhi: Waɗannan ɗiyan waƙa da aka jero a sama, sun fito muna da hoton wasu ƙananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye masu kusanci da juna, tare da misaltasu ga mutane. Mawaƙin ya bayyana irin kyakkyawar hulɗar da ke gare shi da wani ɗan Sarki (Marigayi Muhammadu Ƙwazo), don ya nuna irin shaƙuwar da ke tsakaninsu. Ya kwatanta wasu ‘ya’yan Sarki, abokanan hamayya a neman sarauta da waɗannan dabbobin da bisa ga halitta sun yi kama da juna duk da cewa ɗaya halittar takan fi ɗaya girma a jiki, amma ga surar jiki suna da kusanci da juna. Misali yahihiya kunkurun ruwa ne (turtle), kunkuru (tortoise) kuwa na tudu ne. Haka ma bushiya (hedgehog) da beguwa suna da kusancin halitta. Wannan wani salo ne na ƙwatanta halayya da siffa da yanayin halittar dabbobi da mutane, mawaƙin ya yi amfani da shi. Ya nuna dukkansu babu aikata abin kirki, ba nan kusa ba, har wani lokaci nan gaba.

1.2.1.3 Gyado

A wani ɗa na wata waƙa tasa, Makaɗa Sai’du Faru ya ambaci wata dabbar daji inda yake cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Alhaji Ɗan Ali ci fansa,

Abun biya kake ɗan Shehu.

 

Jagora: Ina cikin daji sai gyado ka saƙƙwata ta,

‘Y/Amshi: Daudu da duy yag ganan ya buɗek ke haƙori.

(Waƙar Ɗan Alin B/Magaji, Alh Muh. Mode Usman)

Sharhi: Gyado wata babbar dabba ce mai kama da alade, amma ita tana da haƙori biyu masu tsayin da har bakinta ba ya iya rufe su. Dabbar ta yi nisa a halin yanzu, domin ba nan kusa ake samunta ba. Wannan ɗan waƙa ya kwatanta halayyar dabbar na munin da take da shi a siffarta da kuma dogayen haƙorinta da halayyar ko siffar wani magabcin basaraken da yake wasawa. Ko ba a bayyana ba, an san cewa wannan ɗan waƙa na siffanta kamannin wani maƙiyin Sarki da siffofin gyado musamman muninsa da kuma manyan haƙori da yake da su. Makaɗa ya sakaya sunan mutumin ta hanyar amfani da sunan wata dabba da siffarsu ta zo daidai.

1.2.1.4 Raƙumi da Jaki

Raƙumi da jaki dabbobi ne da a gargajiyance ake amfani da su wajen harkar sufuri. Daliin girman jiki da juriya da saukin kai da raƙumi yake shi, an fi ɗora masa kaya masu nauyi da yawa da kuma tafiyar dogon zango fiye da jaki, wanda duk da juriyarsa, hutsu ne shi ga kuma tirjiya. Game da waɗannan dabbobi, Makaɗa Sa’idu yana ce:

Gindin Waƙa: Gogarman gidan Moyi ci fansa niƙatau

Mai baban rabo gimshiƙin Sarkin Shariffai.

Jagora: In jaki ya gaza da kaya a aza ma raƙumi,^x2

‘Y/Amshi: Ni nasan kwatancin irin kayanka jakki.^x2

 (Waƙar Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Muhammadu Macciɗo)

Sharhi: Waɗannan ɗiyan waƙa na biyu, da aka ambato jaki da raƙumi, suna bayyana kwatanta ƙarfin dabbobin wajen aiwatar da aiki, inda aka bayyana aikin da raƙumi ke yi da kayan da yake ɗauka, jaki ba zai iya ba. Amma a fakaice ana buga misali ne da halayyar dabbobin zuwa ga ta mutane, inda ake son a fito da kwatancen fifiko tsakanin wanda ake yi wa waƙar wato Sarkin Kudun sakkwato, Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo da sauran ‘ya’yan sarauta amsu jiran gado.

1.2.1.5 Kwaɗo

Halitta ce mai son zama cikin ruwa, tana da wata ɗabi’a ta yin tsalle domin motsawa daga wannan wuri zuwa waccan. Ma’ana madadin tafiya irin yadda akasarin dabbobi suke yi, kwaɗo tsalle yake yi. Wannan halitta ta sami ambato a cikin wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙi na Makaɗa sa’idu Faru. A wani ɗan waƙa tasa yana cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Toron giwa kana da martaba,

Usumanu na Bungudu,

Uban Marafan Keku,

Na Atto mai wuyak karo.

 

Jagora: Kwaɗɗo na can na kiran ruwa,^x2

Ya tattake kiran su xai ya kai

An yi yayyahi waɗanga suh wuce^x2

An yi yayyahi waɗanga sun wuce,

Sai ga Allah ya shirga ruwa,

Gulbi ko ya ɓaɓɓako ruwa,^x2

Sai ga kwaɗɗo tu da jijjhi^x2

^‘Y/Amshi: Wai za ya biɗat tudun da yah haye.

 

Jagora: Nic ce mashi kwaɗɗo ina iyali,

‘Y/Amshi: Yac ce ƙyale ni Maikiɗi,^x2

Tahi dan nan ba ni son batun ba’a.

(Waƙar Ɗanmadamin Sakkwato, Usman Ɗangwaggo Bunguɗu)

 

Sharhi: A wannan ɗan waƙa, Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya kawo hoto cikin bayani dangane da fassarar karin maganar na Hausa mai cewa: Kwaɗo ya kira ruwa, ruwa ya ci shi. Duk da cewa akasarin rayuwar kwaɗo a ruwa yake yin ta, idan ruwan ya yi yawa, sai ya nemi mafaka a tudu. A nan an siffanta wani ɗan sarauta da yawan addu’ar sarautar ta faɗi don ya nema ko zai samu. Ga sarautar ta faɗi amma kuma bai samu ba. Tun da ya yi jayayya da wanda Allah ya ba wa, to dole ne ya nemi ɗan wurin da ya fake domin ya kira ruwa, ruwan ya ci shi.

1.2.1.6 Dila:

Dabba ce ta daji wadda ga siffarta ta yi kama da kare, amma a girma ba takan kai girman kare ba. Tana da jela mai tsawo wadda akan ce saboda wayonsa, ita tsoma a ruwa sannan ta tsotse ruwan yayin da yake shan ruwa rafi. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Hausa, akan kamanta dila a matsayin dabba mai wayo ƙwarai da gaske. A wannan yanki na Zamfara, wasu na kiran dila da suna bil’amu. Dila dabba ce da Sa’idu Faru ya faɗa a wasu ɗiyan waƙa kamar haka:

Gindin waƙa: Bajinin Sardauna Ahmadu,

Mai takakka ga arna.

 

Jagora: Alibawa kuna ganin hwansakku wurin Sule babu dama,

‘Y/Amshi: Giwa ta sha ruwa tai miƙa ta taushe gurbi,

Kuma ‘yan ɗiyanta sun shiga sun sha sun hwara ƙarhi,^x2

‘Yan namu suna jin ƙisa da dama su kurɓo,^x2

Sai bil’amu uban dubara

Sai ɗai yaz zo ga giwa,^x2

Albarkacinki niz za ka in sami ruwan da nis sha,^x2

Ya sha ya kuma ba ɗiyanai

Ya wa dangi kirari ya ce ya ƙwato da ƙarhi,

Zomo ya yacce tsaya shege lallashin ta kay yi,

In ƙarhi gaskiya na,

Koma ɗebo gaba na.

 

Jagora: In ƙarhi gaskiya,

‘Y/Amshi: Koma ƙwato gaba na.

(Waƙar Sarkin Zamfaran Zurmi, Sulaiman Muh;d Sambo)

 

Sharhi: Dila ƙaramar dabbar daji ce mai wayo da Bahaushe yake yawon bayar da misali da ita a cikin labaru da hikayoyi da tatsuniyoyi domin faɗakarwa da koyar da zamantakewar rayuwa. Wannan ya sanya aka yi mata laƙabi da Bil’amo (sunan a tarihance na wani shahararren malami ne na addinin Yahudawa). A misalta hoton zamantakewar dabbobi da ta mutane, inda aka samo daga wata majiya mai inganci cewa an yi wani Sarki da ya mamaye ko’ina a cikin daularsa ya hana makusantansa su sha iska, wannan ya sanya da yawansu suka watse suka tafi wasu garuruwa suka zauna. Sai makusancinsa ɗaya da ya iya zama da shi, yana kwantar da kai yana samun amfaninshi, sai ya je gaba wajen ‘yan uwan yana hura hanci wai shi ya iya wa kansa. Ɗaya daga cikinsu da aka siffanta da zomo ya ƙaryata shi, ya ce idan abin da yake ikirari haka ne, su je ya ƙwato gabansa ya gani.

1.2.2 Tsuntsaye

Tsuntsu halitta ce mai rai mai ƙafa biyu mai fukafikai da kan haifu ta hanyar saka ƙwai da ƙyanƙyashewa; misali: tsuntsayen-gida, kamar su kaza da zabo da agwagwa da tantabara, tsuntsayen-daji, kamar su mikiya da makwarwa d.s”. (CNHN, 2006). A Kimiyyance kuwa Dabba ce da take da gashi da fukafukai wanda gashin kuma ya mamaye dukannin jikinta, shi kuma fukafukin shi yake taimaka mata wajen hira sama”. (Encarta kids, 2009). Pullanikkatil da Chilambo, (2010) sun ƙara da cewa mafiyancin tsuntsayen masu hira sama ne, ta amfani da fukafikansu. Misalin tsuntsaye a cikin waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru sun haɗa da:

1.2.2.1 Tsuntsayen Daji Da Na Ruwa

A cikin waɗannan baitukan da za a gabatar an samu tasirin tsuntsaye mabambanta da cikin ɗiyan waƙoƙin inda mawaƙin ya kawosu a cikin salon hira da mawaƙi ke zayyano halittu da mutuntar da su, na ba su damar yin hira tamkar mutane. Ga yadda hirar ta kasance:

Gindin Waƙa: Gwabron giwa uban galadima,

Ɗan Sambo ginshimi,

Ganshiƙan Amadu na Maigandi,

Kai a uban Zagi

 

Jagora : Ko jiya na iske gamdayaƙi da tuji sun iske jinjimi,

To sun ko murɗa gardama,

Sun iske su bubuƙuwa ruwa,

 

‘Y/Amshi: Dan nan niko ina gaton gaɓa,

Sai nik kwaɗa gaisuwa,

Su ko sun daƙile ni dud,

Niko niƙ ƙara gaisuwa,

Dan nan kulmen da ac cikin gurbi,

Ya amsa gaisuwa,

 

Jagora : Dan nan sai Jinjimi da yad darzaza ya suntule shi dud,

 

‘Y/Amshi : Shi ko tuji da ad da girman baki yak kwashe jinjimi,

:Dan nan Bubuƙuwa da tar rura tag gangame su dut,

Ran nan nis san duniyag ga komi nane wani mayen wani.^x2

(Waƙar Sarki Yaƙin Banga Sale Abubakar 1934-1963)

A wani ɗan waƙa na daban, Makaɗa Sa’idu ya kawo jerin wasu tsuntsaye kamar haka:

Gindin Waƙa: Kana shire baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

 

Jagora: Na gane salon tsuntsaye,

‘Y/Amshi: Masu kau tsai da salla dun na sani.

Jagora: Ɗan gamraka, bubuƙuwa,

‘Y/Amshi: Waɗannan salla kullum sukai.

Jagora: Da tankarki ko ƙunƙumi,

‘Y/Amshi: Waɗannan salla kullum sukai.

Jagora: Ɗan bilbila ko hasbiya,

‘Y/Amshi: Waɗannan salla kullum sukai.

Jagora: Ɗan kaza, ‘yan moli da shamuwa,

‘Y/Amshi: Waɗannan kullum salla sukai.

Jagora: Jemage ba a zuwa Haji

‘Y/Amshi: Na bilingi dauɗa tai mai yawa.

(Gusau, S.M. 2009: Waƙar Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato)

Sharhi: A cikin waɗannan ɗiyan waƙar da aka bayyana bi da bi, tare da siffanta halayyar tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobi na ruwa ta fuskar ƙarfinsu da girmansu da danniya tsakaninsu, wannan duk shaguɓe ne ga mutanenmu da ake yi wa wannan waƙar inda aka kwatanta halayyar ta tsuntsayen da ta mutane ta fuskar fifiko ko rinjaya da girma ko ɗaukaka da tsakanin basarake da talakawansa.

1.2.2.2 Dale

Tsuntsuwa ce ƙanƙanuwa wadda take kwalliya a jikinta musamman launin gashinta mai ja ko rawaya. Tsuntsuwa ce da galibi an fi ganin a lokacin kaka, sa’ilin da ake girbe amfani gona. Da wannan dalili ne wani karin magana na Bahaushe ke cewa ‘dale ba gan ki lokacin aiki ba sai lokacin ci.’ Wannan tsuntsuwa ta sami ambato a cikin wani ɗan waƙar Sa’idu Faru da ke cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Gogarman gidan Moyi ci fansa niƙatau,

Mai babban rabo ginshiƙin Sarkin Shariffai.

 

Jagora: Na ishe dale tai ƙawa ga jama’arta ba ƙawa,

‘Y/Amshi: Ya murɗe su duy ya zuba dogon akwati,

Rana ta kewayo ya naɗe ya kai Ilori,

Dac can yas sawo man kishe yas sai tabarau.

(Waƙar Sarkin Kudu, Muhammadu Macciɗo)

Sharhi: Dale wani ƙaramin tsuntsu ne mai launin jiki ja da baƙi dawasu kaloli a saman kansa. Yana da matuƙar sha’awa a kallo. Ana samunsa a yankunanmu na ƙasar Hausa, sai dai yanzu tsuntsun ya yi nisa, zuriyarsa ta fara ƙarewa. Kwatanta ƙawa ta ado da mawaƙin ya yiwa Basaraken ya nuna irin adon da ya siffantu da shi ba ƙarami ba ne. Wannan yabo ne mai kyau mawaƙin ya yi ga wanda ake yi wa yabon ta hanyar kwatanta shi da tsuntsun.

1.2.2.3 Jemage

Jemage tsuntsu akasari ba ya fita sarari sai da dare. Tsuntsu ne mai fukafukai da yake amfani da sun wajen tashi. A cikin bakinsa yana da haƙora kamar na dabbobi. Duk da cewa tsuntsu ne, yana shayar da ‘ya’yansa mama kamar dabba. Wannan ne ya sanya ɗaukar cewa jemage ba tsuntu ba ne sannan kuma ba dabba ba ce. Jemage ya fito a ɗan waƙa na waƙar da Sa’idu Faru ya yi sakataren lardi Ƙaura inda yake cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Ba a yi ma wargi zaki

Saboda ƙarfin rinjaye,

Sakataren D.On Ƙaura.

Jagora: An yi gargaɗin manyan tsuntsaye,

Kowane tsuntsu ya kai caffa,

‘Y/Amshi: Jemage ab bai zo ba.

Jagora: An yi gargaɗin manyan dabbobi,

Kowace dabba ta kai caffa,

‘Y/Amshi: Jemage ab bai zo ba,

Jagora: Shi ba ya cikin manyan tsuntsaye,

Ba ya cikin manyan dabbobi

‘Y/Amshi: Ka ga ka jemage shege ne kai.^x2

(Waƙar Sakataren D.On Ƙaura, Hassan Anka)

Sharhi: A wannan ne ake zargi da yin fuska biyu, ya kasance ba ya nan kuma ba ya can, alamar munafunci. Wannan ne ya sa Sa’idu ya yi masa zambo ya yi masa shaguɓe da siffanta da jemage. Ƙarshe zambon ya kai ga zagi.

1.2.2.3 Angulu/Ungulu/Kolo:

Ungulu tsuntsu ne mai matsakaicin girman. Galibi ya fi kiwo a wuri mai ƙazanta kamar mahauta ko inda aka jefar da mushe.Bisa al’adar Hausawa ba a cin namansa. Wannan ya sa ake yi masa kirari da ‘ungulu ba kazar kowa ba.’ Akan yi masa kirari da goron kolo ba ka kashe kunya.’ Dalili kuwa shi ne ba a yi gurayensa domin kashe kunyar baƙi ko ta biki. Da haka duk wanda aka kira da ungulu ko kolo, ana nufin babban banza. A ɗan wata waƙa, Sa’idu na cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Toron giwa jikan Isau,

Mashasha jan zakin Alu.

Jagora: Kana ta harare-hararenka

Daudu ni dai ban gane kanka ba,

‘Y/Amshi: Sa babba sata nig gani,

Tsohon ɗan sarki angulu.

Jagora: Kana ta harare-hararenka,

Daudu ni dai ban gane kanka ba,

‘Y/Amshi: Sa babba sata nig gani,

Tsohon ɗan Sarki mai kwaɗai.

(Waƙar Sarkin Kiyawan Ƙauran Namoda, Alh. Ahmad Asha)

Sharhi: Sa babba sata wani kalar wake ne mai girma ruɗu - ruɗu da ke sanya mutum sha'awar ya duƙa ya ɗibe shi a gonar da ba tashi ba. Wannan ɗan waƙa da aka yi amfani da sunan wannan tsuntsu, a fakaice an yi zambo ne ga wani ɗan Sarki mai siga ta kamala da ɗaukaka saboda girman jikinsa. Kash! Wannan ɗan sarkin duk da wannan sifa tasa, ungulu wanda gurunsa ba ya kashe kunya. Ma’ana dai a taƙaice, ba ya moriya ko amfani ga kowa. Rashin amfaninsa da kuma kwaɗayi da ke tattare da shi ya sa aka kira shi ungulu.

1.2.2.4 Tuji

Tuji wani babban tsuntsu ne ya kusa girman jimina amma shi ba ya da dogayen ƙafafuwa shigen na raƙumi kamar yadda jimina take da shi. Idan tuji ya girma, da ƙyar yake iya tashi sama. Idan bamin farautarsa ya ga haka, sai ya yi zaton zai iya kama shi amma ina! Ba ya kamuwa idan dai ba an harbe shi ba. Game da wannan tsuntsu, Makaɗa Sa’idu ya ce:

Gindin Waƙa: Gwabron giwa uban Galadima,

Ɗan Sambo ginshimi,

Ganshiƙa Amadu na Maigandi,

Kai a uban Zagi.

Jagora: Dan nan sai jinjimi da yad darzaza,

Yas suntule shi dud,

‘Y/Amshi: Shi ko tuji da adda girman baki,

Yak kwashe jinjimi,

Dan nan bubuƙuwa da tai rura,

Tag gangame su dut.

Ran nan nis san duniyag komi na ne,^x2

Wani mayen wani.x²

Sharhi: Mawaƙin har wayau ya ɗauko halayyar tsuntsun ya kwatanta shi ga wani mai makamancin wannan halayyar. Idan ya kawo hoton yadda rayuwar tsuntsayen take, na wani ya fi wani ta fuskar girman halitta da ƙarfi, ta yadda yana iya ƙwace abu da ƙarfinsa. Da hakan ne ya jingina halayyar ga mutane, inda ya nuna cewa a wannan rayuwar wani ya na gaban wani.

1.2.2.5 Suda/Burtu:

Suda tsuntsuwa ce mai wani irin kuka mai daɗi da ratsa zuciya. Tsuntsuwar kan yawaita kukan nata mai daɗin saurare. Dalilin haka ne ya sa idan mutum ya faye yawan surutu sai a kira suda. Makaɗa Sa’idu a nan yabon kansa yake yi a fakaice, yana kwatanta zaƙin muryarsa yayin da yake waƙa da daɗin murya irin na suda. Yadda suda take yin kukanta babu gargada, haka shi ma yake rattaba zantukan hikima rere a cikin waƙa. A wani ɗan waƙa yana cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Kana shire baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

Jagora: Ya tai Haji Mu’azu,

‘Y/Amshi: Sai nis saki hanya niy gabas,

Can ni ishe suda na kiwo,

Tana ta waƙar Sarkin Kudu,

Rai nai ya daɗe Sarkin Kudu,

Alisabbinane ɗan Amadu,

Allah shi ƙara na nasara,

Nic ce suda waƙa a kai,

Tac ce lallai waƙa nikai,

Waƙam Muhamman Sarkin Kudu,

Waƙan nan da Ɗan’umma yai mashi,

Ban cin uwat tsuntsaye nike,

Inda kamam mulki na nikai,

Da nai mai wasiƙa yai man kiɗi.

Jagora: Faru ba...

‘Y/Amshi: Dan nan nikau sai niw wuce,

Can na taɓa yat tahiya kaɗan,

Sai ni ishe burtu na kiyo,

Shi na ta waƙas Sarkin Kudu,

Rai nai ya daɗe Sarkin Kudu,

Alisabbinane ɗan Amadu,

Allah shi ƙara na nasara,

Jgora: Amin..

‘Y/Amshi: Nic ce burtu waƙa a kai,

Yac ce lallai waƙa nikai,

Waƙam Muhamman Sarkin Kudu,

In na yi ta za ni wurin kiyo,

In niz zo abinci sai na ije.

(Waƙar Muhammadu Macciɗo: Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa)

Sharhi: Waɗannan ɗiyan waƙan mawaƙin ya mutunta tsuntsayen inda ya ba shi halayyar mutane. Tsuntsaye da yawa suna da nau’in kuka daban-daban da waɗansunsu kukan ya yi kama da waƙa. Wannan ya sa mawaƙin ya danganta suda da shi kansa saboda zaƙin muryarsa kamar na suda. Dalilin haka gayyatarsa ake yi ya yi wa mutane waƙa domin ƙwarewarsa. Burtu kuwa wani mawaƙin ne yake suka da rashin iya waƙa. Ba ya samun abin da ya ci har sai ya kwaikwayi waƙarsa. Kai da jin kalmar burtu, ka san ba za a sami zaƙin murya ba.

1.2.2.7 Hasbiya da Kurciya

Hasbiya da kurciya tsuntsaye daban-daban masu matuƙar kama da juna. Babban bambancinsu shi ne hasbiya ta ɗara kurciya girman jiki, wato ta fi kasance babba a girma. Ita kurciya ana amfani da ita wajen yi wa abokin gaba ko maƙiyi magani na sihiri da ake kira ‘kurciya’. Wanda aka yi wa wannan sihirin, zai bar gida ya shiga duk inda wannan tsuntsuwa da aka haɗa sihirin da ita.Wata ƙila ana amfani da ita ne ba hasbiya ba domin ta ɗara ko fi ta rashin zama wuri ɗaya (yawace-yawace) sannan kuna a al’adance, an fi danganta da ƙwaƙwamai fiye da hasbiya. Dangane waɗannan tsuntsaye, Makaɗa Sa’iɗu yana cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Ya riƙa da gaskiya Mukammadun Muhammadu,

Karsanin gidan Maisaje shrin ya yi Kyau.

Jagora: Da kurciya da hasbiya,

‘Y/Amshi: Shawara guda sukai,

Dub babu wanda yaz zo Haji,

Babu mai nuhwaz zuwa.

Jagora: Dub babu wanda yaz zo Haji,

‘Y/Amshi: Babu mai nuhwaz zuwa.

(Waƙar Sarkin Tudun Falale, Alh. Muhammadu Ƙwazo)

Sharhi: A wasu ɗiyan waƙa da suka gabata a rukunin nazarin dabbobi na wannan bincike, an gabatar da wannan ɗan waƙar, inda mawaƙin ya jeranto nau’o’in dabbobi masu kusancin halitta da nufin ya jerantu ‘ya’yan Sarki da suka fito a tsatson uba ɗaya amma daga mabantan ɗakuna. Ƙarshe Sa’idu sai ya yi masu zambo ta hanyar goranta masu talauci da rashin zarafi na biyan kuɗin kujera ta aikin Haji, ɗaya daga cikin shika-shikan addinin Musulunci. Dalili yin haka kuwa shi ne gwarzonsa Muhammadu Ƙwazo, ya ɗara sauran ‘ya’yan Sarki sukuni da wadata a waannan lokaci da aka yi waƙar a wajajen 1976.

1.2.3 Ƙwari

Ƙamusun CNHN (2006) ya bayyana ƙwaro a matsayin wata ƙanƙanuwar halitta dangin su kiyashi ko cinnaka. Shi kuwa Arora, (2006), a cikin ƙamusun ilimin harkar dabbobi ƙara da cewa halittun da ba su da ƙashin baya kuma da suka fi kowace halitta yawa da dangogin zuriya mai yawa wanda har yau ba a iya iyakance su ba. Micheal da wasu (2004), sun ƙara da cewa halittun suna da rabon jiki uku, kai da ƙirji da ciki. Suna da ƙafafu shida da zagayayyun idanu da wasu gasu a saman kai.

A cikin waƙoƙin mawaƙin an samu cin karo da baitukan da suka shafi ƙwari kamar haka:

1.2.3.1 Galla da Zuma

Galla da zuma wasu ƙwari/ƙuda ne mabambanta da suke samar da wani ruwa mai kamar darɓa da ake sha domin zaƙinsa da kuma sinadaran magani da ke cikinsu, musamman zuma. Ita galla dai ‘yan ƙanƙanan halittu ne wanda galibi idan mutum ya yi yammaci jeji sukan addabe shi ta hanyar bin sa wajajen kunnuwa da idanu. Waɗannan ƙwari sukan tsotsi darɓa daga furanni, musamman na itaciyar ɗorawa domin samar da wani ruwa mai zaƙi a kogon itaciyar da suke zaune. Ita kuwa zuma ƙwaro ne da ɗara galla girma sosai kuma ruwan yake samar wa ya fi na galla zaƙi da daraja. Zuma idan aka taɓa ta mafaɗaciya ce domin harbin da take yi. Ana yi mata kirari ‘zuma ga zaƙi ga harbi’ Ayarin ƙudan zuma kan sauka kogo na itatuwa ko kuma kogo duwatsu ko ƙasa. Wani lokaci akan yi mata amiya a ɗora a kan bishiyoyi da nufin ta zauna a nan don a tatsi albarkatunta.

Wannan ɗan waƙa wanda da shi jagoran waƙa ya buɗe waƙarsa da shi, yabo ne ga Basaraken da aka yi waƙar dominsa. An danganta Basaraken a matsayin madara da zuma wanda yake abinci mai daɗin sha na alfarma. A wani ɗan waƙa nasa, makaɗa Sa’idu kawo zancen galla da zuma kamar haka:

G/Waƙa: Halinka halin Hassan,

Mai wuyay yaƙi na Ali,

Jikan Shehu ɗan Bubakar,

Mamman na Dange.

Jagora: Gwarzon sarkin Gabas Shehu zaki,

Zo da ƙarhinka,

‘Y/Amshi: ‘Yan namu su san basu ima ko da wasa.

Jagora: Irin ‘yan shaye-shayen da yara su kai ma galla,

‘Y/Amshi: Suna ibat takaici.

Jagora: Irin ‘yan shaye-shayen da yara ka yo ma galla,

Suna ibat takaici,

‘Y/Amshi: Ga namijin zuma,

Babu mai ikon matsawa.

Jagora: Jikan sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Maiturare,

Mamman jikan Hassan ɗan Mu’azu,

Ubangidan madawakin masu roƙo,

‘Y/Amshi: Mai gaba da kai duk shina kunya na Dange.

Jagora: Na Alhaji Musa Fegi,

Na Alhaji Garba Yandi,

‘Y/Amshi: Gwarzon Sarkin Ƙayan Maradun Mamman na yanzu.

Makaɗi: Sa’idu Faru

Waƙar: Mamman na Dange (Wakilin Tsafta)

 

Sharhi: zuma da galla dukkaninsu ƙwari ne yan dangin gida ɗaya masu yin zaƙi, sai dai zaƙin da zuma ke yi ya fi na galla yawa da zaƙi, kuma zuma ta fi shahara. Haka zalika zuma ta fi galla faɗa, don haka ya sa ba a faɗa mata hannu sake wajen ɗibar zaƙinta, sai an shirya. Mawaƙin yana kwatanta wannan halayyar ta ƙwarin ga rayuwar mutane, inda ya nuna cewa yadda ake takin wani a zauna lafiya, bai yiwa a yiwa wani a take.

1.2.3.3 Zirnako

Ƙwaro ne mai launin baƙi wanda siffarsa ta yi kama da ƙwaron zanzaro. Yakan gina gida shigen na ƙwaron nan rina. Zirnaƙo yana da faɗa da harbi mai zafi duk da cewa rina ta fi shi faɗa. Ita kuwa rina ba ta faɗa ha harbi kwatancin na zuma.

Gindin Waƙa: Gwabron giwa kana da martaba,

Usumanu na Bunguɗu,

Uban Marafan Keku,

Na Atto mai wuyak karo.

 

Jagora: Zirnaƙo ƙaryak faɗa ya kai,

‘Y/Amshi: Kowa ka bidaf faɗa ya ja zuma,

Sai ya biɗi mai raba su ya rasa.

 

Sharhi: A cikin waɗannan ɗiyan waƙa ma an bayyana irin faɗan da ƙwaron zirnaƙo yake da shi, amma aka bayyana zuma ta fi, domin kuwa ta fi shi yawan runduna, duk wanda ta biyo sai ya sha wuya. Wannan yana nuna kwatancin halayyar mutane da ƙwaro a ta gefen faɗa, amma jingina halin kawai aka yi ga ƙwarin. A fakaice da mutane ake.

1.2.3.4 Fara

Fara tana daga cikin ƙwari da suke rayuwa a farfajiyar ƙasar Hausa. Takan yi hira a yayin da take ƙaura daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan. Abin da take ci galibi bai wuce ciyawa ko ganyayyaki daban-daban. Dalin haka wani lokaci tana ɓarnata shuka a gona musamman lokacin da aka sami fari ko ƙanfar ruwan sama a lokacin. Akwai nau’ukan fara daban-daban, kama daga waɗanda ɗan’adam yake ci zuwa waɗanda ba cin su. Wannan ƙwaro na fara ya fito a wani ɗan waƙa na Sa’idu Faru in ya ce:

Gindin Waƙa: Gwabron giwa na Shamaki baba uban Gandu,

Abu gogarman magaji mai kansakalin daga.

 

Jagora: Abu baban Shamaki na Jekada,

Dangalin gabas na Isau ɗan Mudi,

‘Y/Amshi: Ƙashi tahi giggilme ƙargage,

Hwarah hwatsa cin ki sai mai ƙararrin kwana,

A ci ki a kwan rirriƙan mutum za shi garin kewa.

(Waƙar Sarkin Kiyawan Ƙaura Namoda Abubakar Garba)

Sharhi: Wannan ɗan waƙa gugar zana ce ga halayyar wani inda aka kwatanta shi da yadda idan aka ci hwara (fara) wadda aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin ƙoto ga abin kamun kifin nan da ake kira fatsa yana da matuƙar illa domin kuwa duk kifin da ke son ya sami a abinci a cikin sauƙi don kuwa ƙugiyar fatsa za ta kama shi. Idan haka ta faru kuwa, to sai dai kifi ya ƙarasa a cikin tukunya.

1.2.3.5 Maciji

Halitta ce mai jan ciki a yayin da take tafiya wadda take da haɗarin gaske idan ta ciji ko sari mutum domin dahi mai guba da take ɗauke da shi. Akan danganta wannan halitta da mugunta ko ƙeta. Mutumin da yake yi mugunta ya noƙe kamar ba shi ya yi ba akan kira da shi da ‘macijin soshiya ko sosuwa.’.Makaɗa Sa’idu ya kawo zance maciji a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsa inda yake cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Ya yi sarki daidai wa da mai yanzu yar riƙa

Alhaji Macciɗo jikan Mamman mai dubuin bara.

 

Jagora: Hwarin maciji,

‘Y/Amshi: Cizonka ba dahi,

A yi gumba a sha a sami lahiya

Gumba ko ba cizon ƙwaro taimako ta kai.x2

(Waƙar Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato, Muhammadu Macciɗo)

 

A cikin kason dabbobi na kimiyya, maciji dabba ce daga cikin dabbobi masu jan ciki (reptiles), amma a idon Bahaushe yana kallon maciji a matsayin ƙwaro, har ma ya yi masa laƙabi da ‘mugun ƙwaro’, wannan ya sanya a cikin wannan binciken aka saka maciji a cikin rukunin ƙwari. Ƙasancewar maciji dabba mai haɗari da take da dafin da idan ya yi cizo ana shiga wani yanayi ko ma a rasa rai. Amma daga cikin nau’o’in macijin akwai waɗanda dafinsu bai kai na sauran ba, wanda farin maciji na cikinsu. Wannan nau’in maciji a gargajiyance idan ya yi cizo ana ba marar lafiya guma ya sa, kuma a samu sauƙi. Mawaƙin ya danganta wani da ake ganin yana da aibi, amma ya wanke aibin nasa da kawo sassabci mai yawa a cikin lamari. Dama mawaƙi idan ya tashi yana iya mayar da farin abu baƙi, ya ƙushe abu mai kyau, ya gyara marar kyau.

1.3 Kammalawa

Wannan nazarin ya bi diddigin jirwayen dabbobi, tsuntsaye da ƙwari a cikin waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru, inda binciken ya samu kalato baituka a cikin waƙoƙi mabambanta masu ɗauke da kwatanta halayyar waɗannan halittun da tsintsar halayyar mutane a yau. Wannan mawaƙin cikin hikima ya yi amfani da dabbobi da tsuntsaye da ƙwari daban-daban wajen isar da saƙonsa tare da bayyana ire-iren halayyarsu da ta zo iri ɗaya a hikimance.

Manazarta

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Gusau, S. M. (2015). Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya. Kano: Bayero University.

Pullanikkatil, D. da Chilambo, M. (2010). Bird Activity Book. Malawi: Blantyre Printers.

CNHN (2006). Ƙamusun Hausa. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.

Yahya, A. B. (1997). Jigon Nazarin Waƙa. Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services.

Yahya, A.B. (2002). Siffantawa Bazar Mawaƙa: Wani Saƙo Cikin Nazarin

Waƙa. A cikin Studies in Hausa Language, Literature and Culture. Shafi na 220-240. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.