Excerpts of International Seminar on the Deterioration of Hausa Culture Today (Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa a Yau), organized by Katsina State History and Culture Bureau in Collaboration with the Department of Nigerian Languages, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, from Tuesday 25th to Wednesday 26th June, 2013, at Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Auditorium, Katsina, page 359 – 374.
Barazanar Ƙarni na 21 Ga Cirar Belun-Wuya[1]
English rendition as “Challenges of 21st Century on Castration of Uvula”,
Dr. Bashir Aliyu Sallau
Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua, Katsina
Jihar Katsina – Nijeriya
Da
Malam
Aminu Ibrahim
Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua, Katsina
Jihar Katsina – Nijeriya
TSAKURE
Kiwon lafiya al’amari ne wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci ga kowace al’umma ta wannan duniya. Wannan
dalili ne ya sa kowace al’umma tana da ire-iren hanyoyi mabambanta da take bi
wajen kula da lafiyar ‘ya’yanta. Ire-iren waɗannan hanyoyi wasu
ana fara tanadinsu tun kafin a haifi mutum, wasu kuwa ana fara yin su da zarar
an hafi mutum. Tun lokaci mai tsawo da ya gabata, al’ummar Hausawa ba a baya
suke ba wajen kula da lafiyar iyalansa. Wannan dalili ne ya sa da zarar
Bahaushe ya fahimci matarsa ta sami shigar ciki, sai ya fara tanadin abin da za
a haifa don a haife shi lafiyayye. Haka kuma, da zarar an haifi abin da yake
ciki, sai a ci gaba da kula da lafiyarsa yadda zai tashi da ƙoshin lafiya. Daga ciki ire-iren hanyoyin da al’ummar
Hausawa suke ɗauka lokacin da aka haifi jariri don kula da lafiyarsa
shi ne, cire belun-wuya wanda wanzaman gargajiya ne suke cire shi. Hausawa sun
daɗe suna gudanar da wannan hanyar kiwon lafiya domin kuwa
da wuya a ce ga lokacin da aka fara ta. Yau da kullum sakamakon shigowar baƙi ƙasar Hausa musamman
Turawa waɗanda su a al’adarsu idan aka haifi yaro ba a cire masa
belun-wuya sun riƙa sukar wannan hanya wadda Hausawa
suke bi. Sakamakon ire-iren hanyoyin kiwon lafiya na zamani da ake koyarwa a
makarantu, kuma ake aiwatar da su a asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na
zamani wasu daga cikin Hausawa musamman waɗanda suke da ilimin
zamani da waɗanda suke bin shawarar su sun yi watsi da wannan hanyar
kiwon lafiya da aka gada iyaye da kakanni.
1.0 Gabatarwa
A tsarin al’adar Hausawa idan aka haifi jariri ko jaririya ana bin wasu hanyoyi domin kula da lafiyar abin da ka haifa da kuma kare shi daga kamuwa da wasu cututtuka a gaba lokacin da zai fara girma. Abu na farko da ake yi shi ne, a kira ungozama don ta wanke abin da aka haifa, ta kuma yanke masa cibi wanda za ta riƙa gashi a duk lokacin aka yi masa wanka da safe da kuma marece har zuwa kwana bakwai da haihuwa ko kuma lokacin da cibin ya warke. Idan abin da aka haifa namiji ne ana kiran wanzami domin ya cire masa belun-wuya da yin tsagar gado a lokacin da ya kwana uku, idan kuwa mace ce, ana cire mata belun-wuya da angurya a kuma yi mata tsagar gado a lokacin da ta kwana huɗu. Dukkan waɗannan ayyuka ana yin su ne domin kula da abin da aka haifa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka wanzaman gargajiya ne suke yin su, misali cire belun-wuya da angurya da yin tsagar gado da sauransu. Maƙasudin wannan takarda shi ne, ta kawo bayani a kan cire belun-wuya dangane da ma’anarsa da waɗanda suke cire shi, da waɗanda ake cire wa, da lokacin da ake cire shi, da yadda ake cire shi, da amfani ko matsalolin cire shi. Sannan kuma, za a kawo bayani a kan ire-iren barazanar da wannan hanyar kiwon lafiya take samu a yau sakamakon shigowar sababbin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya na zamani waɗanda Turawa suka kawo ƙasar Hausa da sauran sassan wannan duniya. Amma kafin nan, za a fara kawo bayani a kan wasu kalmomin da za a yi bayaninsu cikin wannan takarda waɗanda suka haɗa da ‘barazana’ da ‘zamani’ da ‘hanyoyin kiwon lafiya na Hausawa’.
1. 1
Barazana
Bisa asali kalmar ‘barazana’
Bahaushiya ce a ƙirar ta da tasarrufin ta. Ta fuskar
ma’ana, barazana na nufin duk wani abu wanda zai iya kawo cikas dangane da
yadda ake aiwatar da wani abu.
1. 2
Zamani
Kalmar zamani bisa asali tana nufin
yayi ko lokaci, lokacin da ake ciki ko mai ci (Ƙamusun Hausawa, 2006:489). Dangane da haka ne ya sa
Hausawa suke da solon magana masu tarin yawa da suke bayyana zamani a irin nasu
tunani kamar haka:
i.
Zamani riga kowa da irin
tasa
ii.
Zamani ba kan ji magani
ba
iii.
Zamani tafi da mu sannu
iv.
Zamani ina za ka da mu
v.
Sarki goma zamani goma
Bisa la’akari da waɗannan jimloli na
salon magana na Hausawa a iya cewa, zamani dai na nufin wani irin sabon tsarin
rayuwa wanda yakan shiga cikin al’umma sakamakon shigowar wasu baƙi cikinsu, ya kuma kawo sauyi dangane da yadda suke
tafiyar da rayuwarsu ta asali.
Saboda irin yadda al’ummar Hausawa
suke kallon yadda zamani yake sauya rayuwar al’umma, mawaƙan baka da marubuta waƙoƙin Hausa sun yi bayanai masu
gamsarwa don jawo hankalin mutane su yi taka-tsantsan da rayuwarsu yadda zamani
bai gurɓata ta ba. Misali, idan muka dubi waƙar ‘Al’adun Gargajiya’, ta Alhaji Muhammadu Sarkin
Taushin Katsina wadda ya yi Bikin Al’adun Gargajiya (FESTAC 77), ya jawo
hankalin al’ummar Hausawa kan su tsare al’adunsu na gargajiya kar su dogara kan
kayan baƙo kamar haka”
Ya ƙara bayyana cewa, lokacin da Turawa suka shigo ƙasar Hausa sun tarar Hausawa suna da manyan ginshiƙan da za su taimaka wa rayuwa waɗanda kowace al’umma
ya kamata ta yi alfahari da su, inda yake cewa:
Jagora: Ka ji zakkuwar Turawa
sun tad da mu
Muna da sana’ar
hannu,
Y/Amshi: Muna da al’adunmu na
gargajiya,
Da za mu gadara mu
ma,
Jagora: Ai muna da al’adunmu,
Y/Amshi: Na gargajiya da za mu gadara
mu ma.
Jagora: Akwai maƙera namu,
Y/Amshi: Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar
hannu,
Jagora: Kuma akwa magina namu,
Y/Amshi: Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar
hannu,
Jagora: Kuma da sakkarawa namu,
Y/Amshi: Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar
hannu,
Jagora: Kuma akwai majema namu,
Y/Amshi: Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar
hannu,
Jagora: Kuma muna da dukawanmu,
Y/Amshi: Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar
hannu,
Jagora: Kuma muna da wanzamanmu,
Y/Amshi: Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar
hannu (Gusau, 2009: 376).
Domin ƙara jaddada bayanin sa, Sarkin Taushi ya ƙara da cewa, tun kafin Turawa su kawo magungunan asibiti
sun tarar Hausawa suna da ire-iren nasu magungunan na gargajiya, inda yake
cewa:
Jagora: Idan suna ganin kodin
da emambi,
Da kafino duk su
nak kawo,
Y/Amshi: Ƙasar ga sun zo sun ishe runhu,
Da sabara da hano
ga kirni,
Jagora: Ai ƙasar ga sun zo,
Y/Amshi: Sun ishe runhu da sabara,
Da hano ga kirni
(Gusau, 2009: 377).
1. 3
Hanyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Hausawa
Kowace al’umma tana da ire-iren hanyoyin da take bi wajen kiwon lafiyar al’ummarta waɗanda ta gada iyaye da kakanni. Wannan al’amari ya shafi har da al’ummar Hausawa, don kuwa har a wannan zamani tana riƙo da ire-iren hanyoyin kiwon lafiya waɗanda al’ummarta suka gada. Domin maganin cututtuka ana bayar da magani na sha ko wanka ko shafawa ko kuma a cire cutar ko a yi riga-kafinta da sauransu. Wajen harkar kiwon lafiya akwai nau’o’in mutane waɗanda suke tafiyar da wannan harka. Al’ummar Hausawa sun kasa masu bayar da magungunan gargajiya zuwa kaso biyu kamar haka; masu maganin gado da waɗanda ba su gada ba.
2. 1
Belun-wuya
Belun-wuya tsokar nama ce mai launi
ja wadda take tsirowa a cikin bakin mutum namiji ko mace liƙe da ƙarshen dasashin
sama kusa da maƙogaro. Wannan tsokar nama Hausawa
sun ɗauka idan ba a cire ta ba, to idan mutum ya girma ciwo na
iya kama ta. Idan kuwa ta kamu da ciwo, za ta kumbura ta yi ja wur ta kuma sa
mutum ya kasa cin abinci ko shan ruwa, ya kuma yawaita yin amai ya kuma rame. Idan
kuma wani abu ya taɓa wurin, mutumin zai ji tsananin zafi. Wannan ne ya sa da
an haifi jariri sai a kira wanzami domin ya cire ta.
2. 2 Waɗanda
Suke Cire Belun-wuya
A wurin al’ummar Hausawa wanzaman
gargajiya ne suke cire belun-wuya. Haka kuma, a wurin wasu ƙabilu[2] waɗanda suke maƙwabtaka da ƙasar Hausa ta kusa ko ta nesa masu yin ayyuka irin na
wanzaman Hausawa ne suke cire belun-wuya ga al’ummominsu. Bayan cire belun-wuya,
wanzaman Hausawa na yin aski da kaciya da cire angurya a cikin farjin mata, da
kuma yin ƙaho da yin tsagar gado da ta
kwalliya da ta magani, da kuma bayar da magungunan gargajiya da sauran ayyuka
(Sallau, 2009:75-105). Wajen cire belun-wuya wanzamai na amfani da kalaba da ƙoshiya.
2. 2. 1
Kalaba
Kalaba ƙarfe ne ƙarami wanda
tsawonsa misalin inci shida zuwa bakwai, kuma ba shi da kauri sosai. Maƙera ne suke ƙera kalaba, ba kuma
dukkan maƙeri ne yake ƙirar kalaba ba, akwai maƙera na daban masu ƙera ta. Ana yin ta
ne da kaifi a gefe ɗaya na kanta sai a lankwasa kan ya zamo kaifi ciki. Ana
yi wa gindinta kauri domin a ji daɗin riƙewa idan za a yi
aiki da ita. Amfanin kalaba wajen ayyukan wanzanci shi ne a riƙa cire belin- wuya da ita.
2. 2. 2
Ƙoshiya
Ƙoshiya itace ne ƙarami wanda ake sassaƙawa da ɗan faɗi ga kai da kuma kauri ga gindi. Tsawon ƙoshiya misali inci shida ne zuwa bakwai, faɗin kanta kuma bai kai inci ɗaya ba. A taƙaice tsawon ƙoshiya ɗaya yake da na kalaba. Ana amfani da ƙoshiya wajen wanzanci domin taushe harshen jariri a lokacin da za a cire belun-wuya. Ita ƙoshiya masassaƙa ne suke samar da ita ga wanzamai, akwai kuma wasu wanzamai da suke iya sassaƙa ƙoshiya.
2. 3 Waɗanda
ake Cire wa Belun-wuya da Lokacin da ake Cire shi
A wurin al’ummar Hausawa da ƙabilun da suke cikin ƙasar Hausa da waɗanda suke maƙwabtaka da ƙasar Hausa, misali
Fulani, ana cire belun-wuya ga jarirai maza da mata a lokacin da aka haife su. Ana
kuma cire wa manya waɗanda lokacin da aka haife su ba a cire musu ba, sannan
kuma akwai wasu waɗanda an cire musu lokacin suna jarirai, amma yau da
kullum sai ya sake tsirowa, su ma ana sake cire musu.
Ba a tsakanin Hausawa kaɗai ake cire
belun-wuya ba, akwai al’ummomi da ƙabilu masu yawa waɗanda suke cire wa
‘ya’yan da aka haifa musu belun-wuya. Misali, ana cire wa Fulani da Barebari da
ƙananan ƙabilun da suke maƙwabtaka da ƙasar Hausa a
jihohin Kaduna da Filato da Bauci da Gwambe da Nasarawa da Kabi da Yobe a cikin
Jamhuriyar Nijeriya. Haka kuma a Jamhuriyar Nijar ana cire wa Buzaye da
Zabarmawa da Adarawa. A wasu ƙasashe irin su
Uganda ƙabilun Sabiny da Kapchori, a Kenya kuwa ‘yan ƙabilar Kisii, a
Tanzania kuma ‘yan ƙabilar Wakurya ne suke cire wa ‘ya’yansu belun-wuya kamar yadda Hausawa
suke yi. Da yake harshen Swahili shi ne harshen ƙasa a waɗannan ƙasashe ana kiran
wanda yake cire belun-wuya da sunan
kukata-kilimi da harshen Swahili (Sallau, 2009: 51).
Idan kuma muka juya kan
lokacin da al’ummar Hausawa suke cire wa ‘ya’yansu belun-wuya, za a ga da farko
a ranar da za raɗa wa jariri suna ne ake cire masa belun-wuya da safe ko
da marece, a kuma yi masa aski da tsagar gida. A wannan rana ana gayyatar
‘yan’uwa da abokan arziki domin halartar raɗin sunan abin da
aka haifa. Daga cikin waɗanda suke halarta ban da wanzamin wannan gida, wasu
wanzaman ma waɗanda ba su ke yin wanzanci a wannan gida ba kan halarci
wannan biki. Saboda ƙoƙarin ƙwace gidan daga
wurin wanzamin da yake yin wanzanci a wannan gida, wasu daga cikin ire-iren waɗannan wanzamai kan
yi amfani da sihirce-sihircen da ka iya cuta wa wanzamin wannan gida, ko wani daga
cikin ‘yan gidan, ko ma abin da aka haifa. Wannan dalili ne ya sa aka sauya
ranar cire belun-wuya daga ranar suna zuwa kwana uku da haihuwa idan abin da
aka haifa namiji ne, idan kuwa mace ce, sai ta cika kwana huɗu da haihuwa ne za
a cire mata belun-wuya da angurya.
Haka kuma, ta kan kama a
sake cire wa wanda aka cire wa belun-wuya lokacin yana jariri. Dalilan da kan
sa a sake cire belun-wuya sun haɗa da lokacin da aka cire shi da farko idan ba a cire shi
daga tushensa ba yana iya ƙara tuƙowa har ya yi girma sosai yadda zai riƙa cuta wa mutumen dole sai an sake cire shi sannan zai
zauna lafiya. Yau da kullum ma ta kan sa belun-wuya ya sake tuƙowa har ya riƙa cuta wa wanda ya
sake tuƙo masa, dole sai an sake cire shi
sannan zai zauna lafiya.
2. 4 Yadda
ake Cire Belun-Wuta
A al’ada ungozoma ce take kawo wa
wanzami jariri domin cire masa belun-wuya. Idan ba ta nan lokacin da wanzamin
ya zo, sai wata tsohuwa ta kawo masa jaririn don ya cire masa belun-wuya. Ana
sanya jaririn cikin zane a lulluɓe shi ciki, sannan sai a miƙa wa wanzamin jaririn don ya cire masa belun-wuya. Ana
amfani da hanyoyi biyu wajen cire belun-wuya kamar haka:
·
Hanya ta farko ita ce
wadda wanzamin shi kaɗai yake cire belun-wuya ba tare da taimakon wani ba. A irin wannan hanya lokacin
da aka kawo wa wanzamin jaririn, sai ya harɗe ƙafafunsa ya rigingintar da jaririn a samansu. Daga nan
sai ya kama hannun jaririn na hagu ya sanya ya matse tsakanin babban yatsansa
da na kusa da shi na ƙafar dama, sai kuma ya sa hannun dama a tsakanin babban yatsansa da na
hannun dama kusa dashi na ƙafar hagu, sai ya matse hannuwan jaririn sosai yadda ba
zai kuɓuce ba. Daga nan sai ya ɗauko kayan aikin sa watau ƙoshiya da kalaba, ya riƙe ƙoshiya da hannun hagu, ya riƙe kalaba da hannun dama
(idan mai yin aiki da hannun dama ne) idan mai yin aiki da hannun hagu ne sai
ya riƙe ƙoshiya da hannun dama, ya riƙe kalaba da hannun hagu. Abin kula a nan shi ne, ita
kalaba ana riƙe ta da hannun da mutum ya saba yin ayyukan yau da kullum. Sannan sai ya
fara sanya ƙoshiya cikin bakin jaririn ya taushe harshensa da ita, yadda bakin jaririn
zai buɗe. Idan ya buɗe bakin jaririn da ƙoshiya, sai ya ɗaga kanta sama kaɗan ya tallabo belin samanta. Daga nan ne. sai ya sanya kalaba ya yanke
belun, ya fito da shi daga cikin bakin jaririn ya ɗora bisa goshin jariri. Daga nan, sai ya sa auduga ya ɗauke belin ya naɗe shi cikin ta ya ba ungozoma ta kai gindin randa ta tona ta saka belin a ƙarƙashi ta mayar da randar[3] (Sallau, 2010: 86-87).
·
Hanya ta biyu da ake bi
wajen cire belun-wuya ita ce wadda wani daga cikin yaran wanzamin yake taimaka
masa wajen cire belun. A wannan hanya maimakon wanzamin ya yi amfani da yatsun ƙafarsa wajen riƙe hannun jaririn, yaron
nasa ne yake riƙe hannuwan jaririn sai wanzamin ya cire belun[4].
Bayan an cire belun-wuya
ana jiƙa farar kanwa irin wadda ake sanya wa wurin tuwo a ba
wanda aka cire wa belun, ko kuma a dandaƙa ‘ya’yan bagaruwa
a ba shi. Dalilin ba da waɗannan abubuwa shi ne, don rage zafin yankan da aka yi, sannan
kuma a tsayar da jinin da ya fito lokacin da aka cire belun.
2. 5 Amfani da Matsalolin Cire Belun-Wuya a Wurin Hausawa
Dukkan abin da ɗan’Adam zai yi ko yake yi na rayuwar duniya za a tarar a mafi yawancin lokaci yana da amfani da kuma matsaloli musamman wanda ya shafi kiwon lafiya. Za a iya ganin haka dangane da yadda ake gudanar da harkar kiwon lafiya a wannan zamani da ake cewa an sami ci gaban rayuwa. A mafi yawancin lokaci ana samun nasara dangane da yadda ake aiwatar da su, haka nan ma a wasu lokuta akan fuskanci matsaloli waɗanda ke haifar da illoli. Irin wannan al’amari ya shafi yadda wanzaman Hausawa suke cire belun-wuya wanda mafi yawancin Hausawa suka ɗauka yana da matuƙar amfani gare su.
2. 5. 1
Amfanin Cire Belun-Wuya
Bisa tsarin al’adar
Hausawa cire belun-wuya kamar yin allurar riga-kafi ce a wannan zamani. Dalili
kuwa a nan shi ne, lokaci mai tsawo da ya gabata al’ummar Hausawa sun fahimci
cewa, a wasu lokuta idan mutum ya girma
wasu cututtuka sukan kama belunsa na wuya[5]. Idan belun ya kamu da cututtuka mutumen yakan fuskanci
matsaloli waɗanda suka haɗa da:
v Belun zai ƙara girma ya kumbura har ya riƙa tokare maƙogaro[6]
v Belun zai ƙara yin ja ya yi jawur
v Belun zai riƙa yi wa mutumen ciwo, musamman a lokacin da wani abu ya taɓa shi kamar ruwa ko abinci da makamantansu
v Ya kan sa mutum yawan amai (maiso), musamman lokacin da wani abu ta taɓa belun
v Yakan sanya mutum yawan zazzaɓi da ciwon kai
v Yakan sa mutum ya rame, da sauransu.
Bisa la’akari da waɗannan matsaloli ne
ya sa Hausawa tunanin hanyar da za su magance su, daga nan ne ake zaton tunanin
cire shi baki ɗaya ya zo musu. A tunaninsu yin haka zai sa a magance
matsalar yadda cuta ba za ta sami damar kama wurin ba. Yin haka kuwa ya taimaka
matuƙa wajen rage kamuwa da cuta ga belun-wuya. Daga nan ne
cire belun-wuya ya zama hanyar maganin wannan matsala ga al’ummar Hausawa wadda
ake yi tun lokaci mai tsawo da ya gabata har zuwa wannan zamani da mike ciki.
2. 5. 2
Matsalolin Cire Belun-Wuya
Wajen cire
belun-wuya wasu wanzamai waɗanda ba su ƙware sosai ba kan
yanki wani ɓangare na maƙogaro a maimakon
belun-wuya. Irin wannan kan yi sanadiyyar mutuwar jaririn da aka yi wa wannan
rauni. Ko kuma a lokacin da wanzamin ya saka kalaba cikin bakin domin cire
belun-wuya, idan aka yi rashin sa’a a lokacin jaririn na ƙoƙarin haɗiye yawu, kuma shi
wanzamin bai ƙware sosai ba kalabar na iya wucewa
cikin maƙogaron jaririn ta sarkafe. Idan
wanzamin bai ƙware sosai ba, ko kuma a lokacin
hankalinsa ya tashi, a cikin ƙoƙarinsa na fitar da kalabar daga cikin maƙogaron jaririn, sai ya farɗe maƙogaron wanda ƙarshenta jaririn ya
yi ta zubar da jini wanda ka iya sanadiyyar mutuwar jaririn. Irin wannan
matsala na faruwa saboda rashin iya aikin, ko kuma idan wanzamin bai gani sosai,
domin ita sana’ar wanzanci ba ta yiwuwa ga wanda bai gani sosai ko makaho
(Sallau, 2010: 114).
Wata matsalar da aka iya fuskanta bayan an cire
belun-wuya ita ce, jini ya ƙi tsayawa wadda ta
dalilin haka cutar tsinkau-tsinkau na iya kama wanda aka cire wa belun, ko kuma
jininsa ya zuba da yawa.
2. 5. 3 Ladar Aiki da ake Biya Bayan
Cire Belun-Wuya
A al’adance Huasawa ba sa ware wasu kuɗi don biyan
wanzamin da ya cire belun-wuya. Ana biyan kuɗin aski ne a ranar
da wanzami ya yi wa jaririn askin ranar suna. A wannan rana ce ‘yan’uwa da abokan
arziki suke tattara kuɗin aski a ba wanzami. A taƙaice babu wasu kuɗi da ake warewa a ce na cire
belun-wuya ne. Wasu waɗanda aka haihu a gidajensu a lokacin da wanzami ya je
cire belun-wuya, bayan ya gama sukan yi masa ɗan hasafi, amma
wannan ba dole ne ba, sai in shi maigidan ya ga yana da hali. Haka shi ma
wanzamin a lokacin da ya cire belun-wuya ba ya tambaya masu gidan wani abu, kuma
ba ya tunanin za a ba shi wani abu, amma idan aka ba shi yana amsa ya yi godiya
ya tafi.
3. 1
Barazanar da Cire Belun-Wuya ke Fuskanta a Yau
Shigowar Turawa ƙasar Hausa ya yi
naso dangane da yadda Hausawa suke cire belun-wuya. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne
saboda su a al'adarsu ba su cire wa jarirai belun-wuya a lokacin da ka haife su.
A hira da aka gudanar da wani likita ya bayyyana cewa, cire belun-wuya da
Hausawa suke yi ba shi da wani amfani kuma akwai haɗari sosai. Wannan
likita ya ƙara bayyana cewa, ita wannan tsokar
nama wadda ake kira beli da Hausawa suke cire wa 'ya'yansu ba ta da wani aibin
da ke sanyawa a cire daga jikin mutum, cire ta yana iya kawo wata ɓarna ga jikin wanda
aka cire ta daga jikinsa. Ya ba da misali da cewa, a lokacin da matarsa ta
haihu a Ingila, ba a cire wa jaririn belun-wuya ba kuma babu abin da ya same
shi. Dalilin cire ta na iya sanyawa jini ya yi ta zuba ba tare da ya tsaya ba, kuma
ana iya kamuwa da cutar tsinkau-tsinkau (tetanus), ko kuma a yaɗa ƙwayoyin cuta mai karya garkuwar jiki (HIƁ/AIDS) da
sauran wasu cututtuka waɗanda aka iya yaɗa su ga sauran mutane (Hira da Dr Shu'aibu
Yakubu Kurfi, a Katsina a ranar 6/3/1996).
Waɗannan dalilai ne suka sa likitoci suke faɗakarwa a bar cire wa jarirai belun-wuya[7]. Akwai wasu daga cikin al'ummar Hausawa musamman masu ilimin zamani waɗanda suka karɓi wannan faɗakarwa don kuwa ire-irensu ba su bari a cire wa jariransu belun-wuya[8]. Irin wannan faɗakarwa ta yi naso cikin sana'ar wanzanci ta hanyar tauye sana'ar wurin waɗannan Hausawa da ba su yarda a cire wa jariransu belun-wuya ba.
3. 2
Matsayin Cire Belun-Wuya a Wannan Zamani
Bisa binciken kimiyya da aka gudanar a wannan zamani an fahimci cewa, lallai belun-wuya yana matsa wa wasu al’ummomi ba wai Hausawa ko baƙar fata ba kawai har da Turawa. Ire-iren waɗannan bincike sun bayyana cewa, akwai abubuwa da dama waɗanda suke sanyawa belun-wuya ya ƙara girma har ya riƙa cuta wa mutum. Waɗannan abubuwa su ne:
·
Yawan minshari lokacin
barci
·
Kamuwa da cututtuka
·
Yawan shan taba sigari
·
Yawan shan giya
·
Mura
·
Ƙarancin ruwa cikin jiki
· Zama cikin yanayi mai matuƙar sanyi ko zafi
Haka kuma, an ƙara bayyana cewa, kumburar belun-wuya yana haifar da
rashin jin daɗi da kuma bushewar maƙogwaro. Dangane da haka ga ire-iren alamomin da suke
bayyana belun-wuya ya kumbura:
§ Kumburar belun ya yi ja jawur
§ Bushewar maƙogwaro da kuma tsananin zafi wurin maƙogwaro
§ Fuskantar matsala a lokacin haɗiye wani abu
§ Kumburar muƙamuƙi
§ Ciwon kai mai tsanani
§ Zazzaɓi mai tsanani
§ Rashin daɗin murya
da sauransu (http://emedicalhub. hubpages. com/hub/Swollen-Uɓula-Causes-Symptoms, Treatment and Remedies, 2013:1 of 3).
Sakamakon wannan bincike na masana ne ya haifar da samuwar magungunan da za a yi amfani da su don magance wannan matsala, amma idan al’amarin ya tsananta dole a yi aikin tiyata domin cire shi. Daga cikin waɗannan magunguna akwai:
ü Shan ruwa da yawa kimanin kofi goma zuwa sha biyu a rana,
ü Shan juice wanda aka haɗa da lemu,
ü Shan zuma,
ü A tauna citta mai yatsu a riƙa haɗiye ruwan[9]
da sauransu (http://emedicalhub. hubpages. com/hub/Swollen-Uɓula-Causes-Symptoms, Treatment and Remedies, 2013:2 of
3).
Waɗannan masana sun ƙara bayyana cewa, akwai riga-kafin da zai taimaka a sami
sauƙin kamuwa da cututtukan da za su sanya belun-wuya ya
kumbura. Waɗannan hanyoyi na riga-kafi sun haɗa da; barin shan
giya, domin shan giya na taimakawa wajen ƙone ruwan jiki
wanda ka iya haifar da ƙarancin ruwa a jikin mutum. Idan an
bar shan giya ruwan jikin mutum zai riƙa gudana sosai ba
tare da fuskantar wata matsala ba. Haka kuma, yana da kyau a riƙa kula da abubuwan da za su taimaka wa garkuwar jikin
mutum ta ƙara ƙarfi, don haka shan abin sha wanda yake haɗe da Ɓitamin C zai
taimaka wa garkuwar jiki ta ƙara ƙarfi yadda za ta yaƙi ƙananan cututtuka irin waɗanda ka iya kama
belun-wuya (http://emedicalhub. hubpages. com/hub/Swollen-Uɓula-Causes-Symptoms, Treatment and Remedies, 2013:3 of 3).
Idan kuwa belun-wuya ya sami matsala wadda za ta tilasta yin aikin tiyata domin cire shi akwai asibitoci a sassa daban-daban na wannan duniya da suke yin irin wannan aiki musamman a ƙasashen Turai da Amurka da Asiya. Yin aikin tiyata ita ce hanya ta ƙarshe da za bi domin magance matsalar cututtukan da kan kama belun-wuya. Kafin ɗaukar wannan hanya, sai an ba da magunguna iri daban-daban domin magance matsalar, idan ba a cimma nasara ba ne za a yi aikin tiyata (Nair, 2012: 2 of 2). Da Turancin Ingilishi ana kiran aikin tiyata domin cire belun-wuya da sunan uɓulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP).
Wajen yin irin wannan tiyata a kan ɗauki tsawon minti
30 – 40, kuma wanda za a yi wa aikin zai biya kuɗi waɗanda suke kamawa
daga $2000. 00 zuwa $5500. 00. Wannan caji ya danganta da irin girma da
tsananin ciwon, kuma ba cajin inshora ciki (http://www.
howmuchisit. org/uɓulopalatopharyngoplasty-cost, 2012: 3 of 6).
Kammalawa
Dukkan fafitikar da ɗan’Adam yake yi a
zamansa na duniya bayan bautar Mahaliccinsa, yana yin ta ne domin ya kare
jikinsa da hankalinsa daga kamuwa da wata cuta yadda zai sami ƙoshin lafiya, sai kuma neman abinci don ya ciyar da kansa
da iyalansa, ya kuma yi sabgar dangi, sannan kuma ya sami abin da zai rufe
jikinsa da na iyalansa watau sutura. Daga cikin waɗannan bukatun
rayuwa, ƙoƙarin samun lafiya yana gaban sauran don kuwa matuƙar babu lafiya, ba za a sami damar fafitikar samun sauran
ba. Wannan dalilin ne ya sa ɗan’Adam yake tanadin lafiyar abin da za a haifa masa tun
kafin a haife shi. Da zarar an haife shi, sai kuma a ci gaba da ba shi
magunguna domin kula da lafiyarsa yadda zai tashi da ƙoshin lafiya. Ire-iren waɗannan hanyoyi da
ake bi don kula da lafiyar jaririn da aka haifa, wasu ana cire wani abu ne daga
jikin jaririn. Misali, a wurin al’ummar Hausawa da zarar an haifi jariri abu na
farko da ake fara yi bayan an wanke shi, sai ungozoma ko wata tsohuwa ta yanke
masa cibi. Daga nan bayan kwana uku ko huɗu ko mako ɗaya, sai kuma a
kira wanzami ya cire belun-wuya, ya yi tsagar gado da sauran ayyuka. Dukkan waɗannan ayyuka ana
yin su ne domin kula da lafiyar abin da aka haifa da kuma tsare al’ada.
Kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata, a
wannan takarda an kawo bayani ne kan cire belun-wuya da matsayinsa a wurin
al’ummar Hausawa. Daga nan kuma an kawo bayani kan ire-iren
barazanar da wannan hanyar kiwon lafiya ta Hausawa take fuskanta a wannan
zamani. Wannan barazana ta samu ne sakamakon shigowar Turawa ƙasar Hausa da kuma kawo ilimin zamani a
wannan ƙasa, wanda ya kawo sabuwar rayuwa wadda
ta yi dalilin sauya tunanin wasu Hausawa waɗanda
suka ɗauka
dukkan abin da Bature ya kawo ya fi nasu, ba tare da sun tsaya sun auna ba.
Wannan
bincike ya fahimci cewa, duk da kasancewar masu koyi da ɗabi’un
Turawa a ƙasar Hausa, ba su
yarda da cire belun-wuya ba, amma su Turawan da ake koyi da su suna cire shi a
lokacin da ya fuskanci matsala irin wadda Bahaushe ke tsoron ta kama shi, wadda
ta tilasta ma shi cire belun tun kafin ya girma a fuskanci matsala. Wajen cire
belun a asibiti, ana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo
kimanin minti 30-40 ba kamar yadda Wanzaman Hausawa suke yi ba, waɗanda
suke cire belun cikin ɗan ƙanƙanin
lokacin da bai kai tsawon minti ɗaya
ba. Haka kuma, ana biyan kuɗi masu tarin yawa ba kamar
yadda ake biyan Wanzaman Hausawa ba, waɗanda
abin da ake ba su bai taka kara ya karya ba.
Daga
ƙarshe abin la’akari shi ne, ya kamata
al’ummar Hausawa da sauran al’ummomin ƙasashe
masu tasowa su fahimci cewa, ci gaban kowace al’umma a wannan duniya ya ta’allaƙa ne akan irin riƙon da ta yi wa kyawawan al’adunta da
muradunta. Shigowar wata baƙuwar
al’ada ba yana nufin ka watsar da taka ba ne ka bi ta. Abin da ya kamata a yi
shi ne, a koyi kyawawan fannonin wannan baƙuwar
al’ada waɗanda za su taimaka wa taka al’adar ta ci
gaba.
Manzarta
Bunza, A. M. (2003) “In
ba ka san Gari ba Saurari Daka: (Tarihin Adabin Magani da Bunƙasarsa)”, Jawabin Bukin Shimfiɗa Buzun Karatu. Sakkwato: Babban Kwamitin Kula da
Bukukuwa da Tarukan Ƙara wa Juna
Sani, Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfidiyo.
Gusau, S. M. (2009) Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka: Zaɓaɓɓun
Matanoni na Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa. Kano: Century Research and
Publishing Limited.
(http://emedicalhub. hubpages. com/hub/Swollen-Uɓula-Causes-Symptoms, Treatment and Remedies, 2013:1 - 3).
(http://www.
howmuchisit. org/uɓulopalatopharyngoplasty-cost, 2012: 3 - 6).
Ibrahim, M. S. (1982)
”Dangantakar Al’ada da Addini:Tasirin Musulunci kan Rayuwar Hausawa ta
Gargajiya, Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar
Bayero.
Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan
Nijeiya, (2006) Ƙamusun
Hausa, Jami’ar Bayero,
Kano. Zaria. Ahmadu Bello University Press Ltd.
Nair, S. “Uɓula Remoɓal”, Buzzle, http://www. buzzle. com/articles/uɓula-remoɓal. html
Sallau, B. A. S. (2009)
“Sana’ar Wanzanci da Sauye – Sauyen Zamani Jiya da Yau”, Kundin Digiri na Uku. Kano:
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero.
Sallau, B. A. (2010) Wanzanci da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausawa.
Kaduna:M. A. Najiu Professional Printers, No. 3 Kenya Road.
Sallau, B. A. (2010) Magani a sha a yi Wanka a Buwaya. Kaduna:M.
A. Najiu Professional Printers, No. 3 Kenya Road.
Sheriff, B, (2000) “The Kanuri
Barber and His Art”, in Borno Museum
Society Newsletter, No. 42 and 43.
Maiduguri: The Ƙuarterly Journal of
Borno Museum Society.
Yola, T. T. (1979) ‘Waƙar Kanari’, Cikin, Waƙa
a Bakin Mai Ita, Littafi
na Biyu. Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero, Kano. Zariya: The
Northern Nigerian Publishing Company.
[1] Hausawan da suke zaune a ƙasar Kano da Kazaure da Gumel da Haɗejiya da Zariya da maƙwantansu ne suke kiran sa da sunan ‘belun-wuya’, amma waɗanda suke ƙasar Katsina da Daura da Zamfara da Sakkwato da Kabi da Argungu da Gwandu da na Jamhuriyar Nijar da maƙwantansu suna kiran sa da sunan ‘hakin-wuya’.
[2] Wasu ƙabilu da suke cikin ƙasar Hausa da waɗanda suke maƙwabtaka
da Hausawa kamar Fulani da ƙabilun Kudancin jihar Kaduna, da na cikin jihar
Filato da waɗanda suke a ƙasar Yawuri da Kwantagora da wasunsu, wanzaman
Hausawa ne suke cire wa ‘ya’yansu belun-wuya a lokacin da aka haife su, kamar
yadda suke cire wa ‘ya’yan Hausawa.
[3] Dalilin da ya sa ake sanya beli a ƙarƙashin randa shi ne,
domin maƙogoron yaron ya yi sanyi. A camfin Hausawa ana zaton idan ba a kai
belin a ƙarƙashin randa ba ƙishin ruwa mai tsanani zai riƙa kama jaririn, amma
idan an sanya zai riƙa jin sanyi ga maƙogoronsa.
[4] A shekarar 1985 lokacin ina koyarwa a wani gari da ake
kira Godogodo cikin ƙaramar Hukumar Jema’a, Kafanchan, jihar Kaduna, sai na
tarar garin wanzami ɗaya ne kuma ya fara tsufa har ta kai ba ya gani sosai. Da
ya gane ni wanzami ne, sai ya kira ni ya ce in riƙa taimaka masa. Da aka yi
wata haihuwa sai ya kira ni don in cire belun-wuya. Lokacin da aka kawo jaririn
sai ya ce bari ya kama min, sai na ce masa ai ba sai an kama min ba. Daga nan sai
ya zura min ido ya ga yadda zan yi, sai ya ga na rigingintar da jaririn na
sanya yatsun ƙafata na matse hannuwan jaririn na fitar da belun. Yin haka da na
yi ya ba shi matuƙar mamaki yadda na fitar da belun-wuya ni kaɗai ba tare da
wani ya taimaka min ba. Sai na ji ya ce “masu abu! Allah Ya ƙara ɗaukaka”.
[5]
Hausawa a irin nasu tunanin sun ɗauka cewa, yawan shan gishiri na sanyawa
belun-wuya ya sake tuƙowa ko kuma ya ƙara kumbura.
[6] A tunanin
Hausawa idan belun-wuya ya kumbura har ya yi ruwa ba tare da an yi magani ba, idan
ya fashe mutum na iya mutuwa. Wannan dalili ne ya sa dukkan wanda ya fuskanci
matsalar sake tsirowar belun-wuya yake gaggawar neman magani ko a sake cire
masa shi kar ya kai matakin da zai fashe.
[7]Allah
Maigirma da Ɗaukaka yana bayyana ikonsa a lokacin da ya so a kuma wurin da
ya so. Daga cikin ire-iren waɗannan
likitoci waɗanda suke yaƙi da cire belun-wuya a jihar Katsina, sai Allah Ya
jarrabi ɗaya daga cikinsi inda ɗansa ya sami matsalar belun-wuya, aka yi magani,
aka yi magani a Asibitocin da suke a nan Nijeriya har da Asibitocin koyarwa da
suke a Jami’o’inmu, Allah bai ba wannan yaro sauƙi ba, sai da aka kai shi wani
Asibiti a Jedda ta ƙasar Daular Saudi Arabiya aka yi masa aikin tiyata aka cire
shi. Da wannan likita ya dawo, ba ya so ana yi masa maganar cewa belun-wuya ne
ya kama yaronsa aka yi aikin tiyata domin cire shi.
[8] Dangane da wannan al'amari na cire belun-wuya an haihu gidan wani a garinmu, sai mahaifinsa ya gaya min don in je in cire wa jaririn da aka haifa belun-wuya, da na je gidan da aka haihu da wanda matarsa ta haihun ya ga na zo gidan, sai ya tambaye ni, me na zo yi? Sai na amsa masa da cewa na zo don in cire belun-wuya ne. Sai ya ce min , idan na kuskura na cire wa jaririnsa belun-wuya zai yi ƙara ta. Daga nan ban cire ba, sai na tafi.
[9] Citta mai yatsu na daga cikin abubuwan da wanzaman
Hausawa suke amfani da ita wajen haɗa maganin belun-wuya a lokacin da ya
kumbura ya fara ciwo.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.