Gudummawar Matan Aure A Haɓakar Tattalin Arzikin Afirika: Nazari A Kan Hajiya Fatsimaɓaika

TAKARDAR DA AKA GABATAR A TARON ƘARA WA JUNA SANI NA ƘASA DA ƘASA NA FARKO, A KAN GUDUMMAWAR MATA GA CIGABAN AL’UMMAR HAUSAWA, WANDA YA GUDANA A SASHEN NAZARIN HARSUNAN AFIRIKA NA JAMI’AR AL-ƘALAM KATSINA, HAƊIN GUIWA DA KWALEJIN NAZARCE-NAZARCEN CIGABA TA KATSINA. RANAR 28-30 GA NUWAMBA, 2021

Gudummawar Matan Aure A Haɓakar Tattalin Arzikin Afirika: Nazari A Kan Hajiya Fatsimaɓaika

DAGA

NASIRU ABUBAKAR

DEPARTMENT OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES (HAUSA UNIT),
COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES,
AL-ƘALAM UNIVERSITY, KATSINA (AUK)
DUTSIN-MA ROAD, P. M. B. 2137 KATSINA STATE OF NIGERIA
www. nahamar. blogspot. com
nahamar2013@gmail. com
+2348068322950

DA

IBRAHIM ABDULLAHI YUNUSA DUTSIN-MA
SHUGABAN SASHEN SHIRYE-SHIRYE
NA GIDAN RADIYON ƁISION FM KATSINA

+23408160725507             

ABSTRACT

This paper is going to discuss the contribution of Housewives in economic development and nation building with a specific reference to Hajiya Fatsima Vaika, who is the first familiar international business housewife from Katsina northern Nigeria. She traveled over the western African nations for international businesses together with her beloved husband.The paper also investigates and analyses her struggle in businesses, commitment, taking care of the family, and her generosity in order to highlight to the women nowadays in different businesses and taking  care of family life. This research was based on Female Entrepreneurship Theory Framework, which developed by Loza, E (2011). The theory suggested the women’s Entrepreneurship academically and its origin from some countries. Therefore, the findings show that Hajiya Fatsima Vaika’s historical struggles in businesses together with her house wife responsibilities in northern Nigeria are very tremendous. She finally archived to plant all her children in businesses which make them to be riech family in Katsina. In addition, the paper will help in the academic research concerning the efforts some Hausa house women in contribution to up-grading of national economy and businesses. It will also be more beneficial to relevant stakeholders.

Keywords: contribution, business, family taking care, Katsina, House women, struggle, North,

1.0  GABATARWA

Sana’a wata aba ce da tun tale-tale take da tasiri a tunanin al’ummar Hausawa, don haka ne suke kare-karen maganganun nan masu cewa, abu ga hannu shi ne mutum da kuma sana’a goma maganin zaman banza. Sana’a a Hausance tana nufin aikin da mutum yake yi don samun abinci.

A al’dance, Bahaushe bai yarda da zaman banza ba. Saboda haka babba da yaro, namiji da mace a ƙasar Hausa suna da nasu irin nau’o’in sana’o’in da suke yi. Alal misali, mazaje sukan gudanar sana’o’i irin su fatauci da noma da kiwon manyan dabbobi da sauransu. Mata kuwa sukan yi sana’o’in kitso da kaɗi da kiwon ƙananan dabbobi da makamantansu, kamar yadda ƙananan yara sukan yi kiwon tsuntsaye irin su tantabaru da kaji da agwagi. Haka kuma sukan taya iyaye aikin noma da kasuwanci da sauransu.

Wata al’ada da take sananniya a ƙasar Hausa ita ce, da zarin an aurar da yarinaya, takan tare ne a gidan mijinta tare da wata ‘yar sana’a da za ta riƙe. Galibi akan kai ta ne da kayanta na kaɗi ko wata ‘yar dabbar kiwo da makamantansu. Da yawa irin waɗannan ‘yan sana’o’i na mata a cikin gida, kan kasance sanadiyyar arziki a gare su. Wani lokaci kuma har yakan zama sanadiyyar gadajen arziki ga ‘ya’yansu da kuma jikokinsu.

A wannan takarda za a nazarci rayuwar Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ne, wadda ta kasance babbar abin misali a wannan ɓangare na sana’o’in matan aure. A tarihance wannan baiwar Allah ta kasance matar aure a garin Katsina wadda ta fara da sana’ar kaɗi, amma a hankali sai da ta kasance wata hamshaƙiyar ‘yar kasuwar da ba ta da tamka, a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirika. Ƙare da ƙarau, sai da kai fagen yin kasuwanci da Turawan Ingilishi. Uwa-uba kuma, ita ce ta kasance sanadiyyar samuwar wasu gawurtattun attajirai da suka yi suna a jihar Katsina.

1. 1 MANUFA DA MAƘASUDAI

Duk wani bincike da za a gabatar yana buƙatar a assasa shi a kan wata manufa ta musamman, muddin dai ana son ya kasance ingantacce. Babbabr manufar wannan aiki ita ce, nazarin irin rawar da matan aure ke iya takawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin nahiyarmu ta Afirika, ta hanyar ɗaukar rayuwar Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika a matsayin misali. Bugu da ƙari, bincike yana ɗauke da wasu maƙasudai waɗanda suka haɗa da:

1.      Nazarin yadda a gargajiyance matan aure na Hausawa sukan yi sana’o’i, su kuma bunƙasa, har su yi suna duniya ta ji su.

2.      Gano yadda Fatsima Ɓaika ta soma sana’o’i duk da kasancewarta matar aure, amma ta zama hamshaƙiya kuma shahararriyar ‘yar kasuwa a nahiyar Afirika ta yamma.

3.      Fayyace irin yadda Fatsima Ɓaika ta bayar da gudummawa wajen gina tattalin arzikin nahiyar Afirika ta yamma, tare da kafa tushen cigaban kasuwanci mai ɗorewa a Katsina.  

4.      Fito da bayanin yadda Fatsima Ɓaika ta kafa kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa a jihar Katsina.

 

1.2  DUBARU DA HANYOYIN BINCIKE

Dubaru da kuma hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su domin ganin an gudanar da wannan bincike, tare da samun kammaluwar ingancinsa, har ya kai a wannan matsayin da yake, sun haɗa da:

i.                    Tattaunawa da kuma hira da Alhaji Bashiru Iron Baba, ɗaya daga cikin jikokin Fatsima Ɓaika wanda ta riƙe, kuma ya tashi ya yi wayo a ɗakinta. Haka kuma an yi hira da ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan yaranta na kasuwanci. Wato Sa’in Katsina Alhaji Amadu Nafuntuwa. 

ii.                  Har wa yau, kamar yadda aka sani a halayyar bincike, akan zurfafa domin neman bayanai ta fuskoki daban-daban. Saboda haka an yi shawagi sosai a doniyar intanet, inda aka lalubo takardu da dama waɗanda aka gabatar a taruka mabambanta, da suke da alaƙa da wannan binciken. Haka kuma, an sami yin kiciɓis da wasu rubuce-rubuce na wasu masana dangane da ita Fatsima Ɓaika ɗin.  

Waɗannan hanyoyi kuwa, sun taimaka sosai, wajen samar da kammaluwar wannan bincike a kan manufa da kuma maƙasudan da aka gina shi a kai.  

1.3  WAIWAYE

Hausawa sun ce waiwaye shi ne adon tafiya. Kafin mu shiga tsamo-tsamo a wannan bincike, ya zama tilas mu waiwayi baya, mu ga bayanan da manazarta suka yi masu alaƙa da wannan aiki. Saboda haka, a wannan bincike mun yi kiciɓis da wani aiki ƙwara ɗaya tallin tal, wanda shehin malami Bashir Aliyu Sallau ya yi, a wata takarda mai taken Muhimmancin Sana’o’in Matan Hausawa wajen Bunƙasa Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasar Hausa, inda ya yi bayani a kan sana’o’in mata, har ya zuwa inda ya ba da misali da Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika. A wannan bincike nasa ya yi bayanin yadda ta taso a cikin kasuwanci da kuma yadda ta kafa gagarumin tarihi mai girma, dangane da kasuwanci a yanki Katsina baki ɗaya. A ciki kuma ya bayyana cewa, ita ce ta farko da ta kafa kamfani nata na kanta a duk faɗin Lardin Katsina. Inda ya ce wannan kamfani nata na sufuri shin ne kamfanin farko da ya yi jigilar alhazai daga Katsina zuwa Sa’udi Arebiya. Saboda haka wannan aiki nawa zai kasance kamar cigaba ne na wancan aiki na Bashir Aliyu sallau.  

2. 0 TATTALIN ARZIKI

Ƙamusun Hausa (2006:432) ya bayyana ma’anar kalmar tattali a matsayi tanadi ko kula da wani abu domin a ci amfaninsa a nan gaba. Kalmar arziki kuwa, a wata fuska tana nufin wadata ko samu ko sutura. Idan aka haɗa waɗannan kalmomi guda biyu, su za su ba da tattalin arziki (wato kula ko tanadin wadata ko samu ko sturar da Allah ya uface wa mutum). Harkokin tattalin arziki sun ta’alaƙa ne a kan kasuwanci da masana’antu da harƙar ma’adanai da noma da sauransu, waɗanda ke samar da ayyukan yi da kuma cimma wasu manufofi, musamman na samun riba da aikin yi (Lugga, 2015:58). Ita kuma wadata ko samu ko sutura a aldance, sukan zo ne ta hanyar sana’a. Sana’a kuwa, ita ce aikin da mutum yake yi don samun abinci. Msali manomi sana’arsa noma, wanzami sana’arsa wanzanci, ɗan kasuwa sana’arsa kasuwanci (Ƙamusun Hausa, 2006:387).

A gargajiyance Hausawa sun raba sana’o’in gargajiya gida biyu. Akwai sana’o’in neman abinci kai tsaye, kuma akwai sana’o’in samun sutura ko tara dukiya (Alhassan 1982:39). Kamar yadda su ma masana tattalin aziki na zamani suka raba sana’o’i zuwa manyan masana’antu da matsakata da kuma ƙananan. 

2. 1 MATA DA KASUWANCI A AFIRIKA

Ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire da hazaƙa ta ‘yan kasuwa mata wata hanya ce mai ƙima, wacce za ta iya ba da kuɗaɗen shiga, wadda kuma ya kamata a bunƙasa don dogaro da kansu da kuma amfanin al'umma (Kikwasi, 2005; Hodginkson, 2006 in Nyamagere 2014). Mata da yawa sun yi suna, a wannan yanki namu na nahiyar Afirika ta yamma, kuma mata sun daɗe suna ba da gudummawa wajen gina tattalin arzikin nahiyar. Daga cikin irin waɗannan mata sun haɗa da:

 

 

BOLA ADESOLA: ‘Yar Nijeriya da ta kasance Shugaba, a Standard Chartered Nigeria, ta share fiye da shekaru 25 na ƙwarewar aikin banki. Adesola ta kasance tsohowar ma'aikaciyar banki da ta kasance abar misali, kafin ta shiga Standard Chartered a matsayin shugabar reshen Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Ta yi aiki a bankin First Bank Nigeria da Citibank a Najeriya da Tanzania.

Kwanan nan (2018) aka naɗa Adesola a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a shirin dorewar kamfanoni mafiya girma a duniya (Eɗclusiɓe list, 2018).

YOLANDA CUBA: ‘Yar Afirka ta Kudu Shugabar Ɓodafone Ghana, Cuba na ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin kasuwancin da ake mutuntawa a Afirka ta Kudu, wadda tun tana da shekaru 29 kacal, aka naɗa ta shugabar Mɓelapha nda Group, na ƙungiyar musayar hannayen jari ta Johannesburg wanda ɗan siyasa Tokyo Seɗwale ya kafa. An naɗa ta Shugabar Kamfanin Ɓodafone Ghana a watan Yunin 2016. Kuma a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darakata a Kamfanin Breweries na Afirka ta Kudu, da wani reshen kamfanin SAB miller na ƙasa da ƙasa (yanzu AB Inbeɓ) (Eɗclusiɓe list, 2018).

KATE FOTSO: ‘Yar ƙasar Kamaru, Kate Fotso ta kasance MD a kamfanin Telcar koko. Fotso ta kasance ƙashin bayan ‘yan kasuwar Kamaru, kuma matar aure ga marigayi André Fotso, ta kasance wadda ta jagoranci babban zauren kasuwanci na kasar Kamaru. Ita ce ke tafiyar da Telcar, wani kamfani ne na haɗin gwiwa tare da katafaren kasuwancin noma na Cargill, kuma kamfanin yana sarrafa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kasuwar gida don fitar da koko. Ita ce mai hannun jarin a Ecobank na Kamaru da kuma a kan tashar jirgin ruwa na Autonome de Kribi, sabuwar tashar jirgin ruwa ce mai zurfi a tekun na Kamaru (Eɗclusiɓe list, 2018).

Don haka muna iya cewa, tarihin kasuwanci a Afirika ta Yamma wani abu ne da mata a nahiyar suke taka muhimmiyar rawa, tare da bunƙasa tattalin arzikin yanki, wannan kuma yakan soma ne tun daga ƙananan sana’o’i har ya zuwa ga manyan sana’o’i da kafa kamfanoni da masana’antu.  

2. 2 MATA DA KASUWANCI A ƘASAR HAUSA

Hausawa kan ce babu maraya sai raggo. Wannan karin magana na daga cikin ire-iren zantukan azanci da suke saka ƙwarin guiwa ga mata a ƙasar Hausa. Saboda haka a tarihance, kowace mace a ƙasar Hausa tana da irin nau’in sana’ar da aka san ta da ita, kuma wani lokaci takan shahara ta yi suna da ita. Sau da yawa a ƙasar Hausa a kan ji wasu mata da suka shahara a wasu sana’o’i na musamman, irin su sana’ar kitso da sana’ar tuwo ko kuma sana’ar fura da sauransu. Alal misali, makaɗa Alhaji Mamman Shata ya yi wa mata da yawa waƙoƙi a wannan fagen. Misali: Waƙar Hauwa mai tuwo matar lado.

Har wa yau Sallau (2019), ya bayar da misalan mata da yawa da suka yi suna a kan wasu sana’o’in daban-daban na gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. Misali:

a)      Hajiya Sardau Filin Bugu Katsina, ta yi suna a sana’ar ƙunshi

b)     Hajiya A’isha mai Salun Zariya, ta yi suna a sana’ar gyaran gashi

c)      Hajiyalle ta birnin Kano, ta suna a sana’ar sayar da gurasa

d)     Hajiya Auta Katsina, ta yi suna a wajen sana’ar turaren ƙamshi da fesawa

e)      Anti Kande ta birnin gwamna (Kaduna), ta yi suna a wajen ɗinkin kayan mata da yara

Haka kuma, ya ambaci wasu matan da suka shahara a kasuwanci da saye dasayarwa. Msali:

a)      Hajiya Halima Ɗanmusa jihar Katsina, shahararriya ce a cikin gida da waje, dangane da saye da sayar da kayan ɗaki da na dabi (kicin).

b)     Hajiya Hadiza Ibrahim Katsina, shahararriyar ‘yar kasuwa ce da ke sayar da atamfa da shadda da sauran nau’o’in tufa.

c)      Hajiya Hajara Yusuf Maigishiri ta garin Agadasawa Kano, shahararriya ce a saye da sayar da kayan yara

d)     Hajiya Habiba China Birnin Kebbi, shahararriya ce a sana’ar sayar da gadaje da kujeru a cikin gida da wajen ƙasa

e)      Zainab Mukhtar Abuja, shahararriya ce a sana’ar kayan kicin da abincin tafi-da-gidanka.

Waɗannan mata da wasu da dama da ba a ambata ba, dukansu matan Hausawa ne da suka shahara suka yi suna a sana’o’i daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu ma matan aure ne. Don haka ana cewa, ba sabon abu ba ne a ƙasar Hausa, yadda mata kan jajirce waje nema wa kansu abin rufin asiri. Kamar yadda sana’o’in nasu kan bunƙasa ya samar da aikin yi ga jama’a da kuɗaɗen shiga ga gwamnatoci daban-daban na cikin gida da waje.

3. 0 TAƘAITACCEN TARIHIN HAJIYA FATSIMA ƁAIKA

An haifi Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika a shekarar 1870 a garin Katsinar Dikko. Asalin mahaifinta Bafullatani ne Batoranke (dangin su Shehu Ɗanfodiyo, waɗanda suka fito daga Futa-toro) kuma babban malami ne, sannan shi ne Ubandawakin Katsina a wancan lokaci. Kuma tun bayan rasuwarsa, ba a sake yi wa kowa wannan sarautar ba. Mahaifin nata ya rasu tun tana ƙanƙanuwa, saboda haka ƙanensa Malam Tukur shi ya riƙe ta, shi ma shahararren malami ne. Shi ne kakan su Alhaji Sani Jikan Malam. Bayan da ta kai ma’isar waɗa, Malam Tukur ya aurar da ita ga wani shahararren attajirin ɗan kasuwa da ake kira Abba Saude. Shi Abba Saude falke ne da yake da ayari ƙasaitacce na ƙashin kansa, domin yana da raƙumma da dabbobi da dama da yake tafiya fatauci da su.

Kamar yadda ta kasance al’adar Hausawa, da zarin an aurar da yarinya akan kai ta ne da wata ‘yar sana’a da za ta rinƙa yi domin ‘yan buƙatun yau da kullum. Haka ita ma Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ta shiga ɗakin mijinta da ‘yar sana’arta ta hannu (kaɗi), daga baya kuma ta fara bin mijin nata zuwa wurin yawon fatauci. A yayin da ta soma haihuwar yara, sai ta yanke shawarar zama cikin gidanta tana gudanar da sana’o’inta. Wannan kuwa, bai hana abokan cinikayyarta na ƙasashe su ringa biyo ta har gida ba, domin su sayi kayayyakinta. An ce fatake daga ƙasashen Asbin da Gambiya da Ghana Senigal da Mali da Saliyo da Agadas duk sukan zo su sayi kayanta. Haka kuma ita kanta tana da yara da take ɗora wa kaya su kai a waɗncan ƙasashe, sannan su sayo mata wasu kayan daga can a zo mata da su.  

Bayan da kasuwancinta ya ƙasaita, sai gidanta ya koma tamakar wata ‘yar masana’anta, inda take da babban zauren saukar baƙi, da wani babban falo inda ake haɗuwa da abokan ciniki, sai kuma wani babban ɗaki da take ajiye taskokinta na kaya. Sannan daga can kuma ga nata ɗakin da babban falo da ita da maigidanta.

Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ta kasance shahararriyar ‘yar kasuwa, kuma matar aure wadda babu irinta a nahiyar Afirika ta Yamma. Allah ya karɓi ran Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika a shekarar 1964, wato ta shekara 94 kenan, ta rayu shekar kusan 24 bayan rasuwar mijinta, wanda ake jin ya rasu 1940 zuwa 1950.

Fatsima Ɓaika ta haifi ‘ya’ya goma sha biyu (12) maza bakwai (7) mata biyar (5), amma huɗu (4) daga cikinsu sun rasu tun suna ‘yan ƙanana, maza biyu mata biyu. Haka kuma kafin rasuwarta, ‘ya’yanta mata biyu sun sake rasuwa suna gidajen aurensu. Saboda haka, bayan rasuwarta ta bar ‘ya mace guda da maza biyar, waɗanda suka haɗa da:

i)                   Alhaji Madugu (shi ne babban ɗanta da ta bari, ta haife shi a hanyarta ta fatuci a garin Gyaza na ƙasar Kaita, a shekarar 1895. Kuma shi ne mahaifin su Alh. Ali Mudugu)

ii)                 Alhaji Rabe (mahaifin su Injiniya Mutaƙah Rabe, an haife shi a shekarar 1901-1995)

iii)               Alhaji Iron Baba (mahaifin Alh. Bashiru Iron Baba an haife shi a shekarar 1907-2008)

iv)               Alhaji Ɗahiru Saude (wanda ake kira AD Saude an haife shi a shekarar 1920-2003)

v)                  Alhaji Audu (mahaifin Alh. Lawai Darma ya rasu wata 6 bayan rasuwarta 1930-1964)

Har wa yau, akwai manya-manyan yaran Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika da suka taimaka mata wajen gudanar da kasuwancinta, waɗanda suka haɗa da:

i)                   Margayi Alhaji Audu Fari

ii)                 Sa’in Katsina Alhaji Amadu Nafuntuwa

iii)               Sai kuma mahaifin su Alhaji Bature Kanada 

3. 1 FARA KASUWANCIN FATSIMA ƁAIKA

Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ta fara sana’a bayan da aka kai ta ɗakin mijinta, tare da wasu ‘yan kayan sana’ar hannu, irin su tayani da taskira da auduga da mataɓi da mazari da dai sauran kayan sana’ar kaɗi. Saboda haka ta soma ne da yin kaɗi, inda take yin zare zugu-zugu, idan ta tara shi da yawa sai a saka a cikin cukurhwa (wani abin ajiye kaya ne da bai kai girman buhu ba, ana yinsa da kaba ko fata) ta ajiye, don gudun kar ya lalace. Idan zaren ya taru sosai, sai a tafi da shi kasuwa a sayar a kawo mata kuɗi. Da haka dai sana’ar ta soma bunƙasa wanda daga baya ta fara da sayar da kaya irin su goro da man shanu da mai gyaɗa da sauransu. A lokacin da jarinta ya fara ƙwari, sai ta fara bin maigidanta zuwa yawon fatauci. A hankali jarinta ya bunƙasa har ta kai tana sayen kaya irin su azurfa da silba da gwal da zinari da kayan ado iri-iri, da kuma kayan amfanin yau da kullum da makamantansu. Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika sai da ta kai fagen babu abin da ba a iya samu a wurinta. Don haka ma ake yi mata kirari da cewa, ko ruwa na bara kake so, akwai su wurin Fatsima Ɓaika. Domin ba abin da ba ta sayarwa, za a kawo mata kaya ta saye ta ajiye, idan masu buƙata suka zo ta fitar ta sayar musu. Haka kuma tana bayar da kuɗi a je a yi kasuwanci a raba riba. A hankali sai da Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ta kai matsayin da kacukaf, nahiyar Afirika ta Yamma babu wata ‘yar kasuwa a wancan lokacin da ta kai ƙarfin tattalin arzikinta. Domin ta kai fagen ita kaɗai ce ke fitar da ɗimbin kaya iri-iri zuwa ƙasashe irin su Asbin da Gambiya da Ghana Senigal da Mali da Saliyo da Agadas da Togo da Chadi da sauransu. 

3. 2 BUNƘASAR KASUWANCINTA

Bayan da Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ta fara samun haihuwa, yara suka soma yawa sai ta daina yawon fatauci, ta dawo gida ta zauna ta soma tura fatakenta suna yi mata kasuwanci, kamar yadda kuma wasu fataken daga wasu ƙasashe sukan biyo ta har gida su sayi kayanta. Alal misali, Buzaye daga Agadas da Asbin sukan zo har Katsina a gidanta, su sayi kauɗar goro (busashshen goro).

An ce sanadiyyar bunƙasar kasuwancinta shi ne, a shekarar 1914 buƙatar wasu kayanta ta taso a kasuwannin Afirika, musamman wannan zaren na kaɗi da take da shi mai tarin yawa. Inda aka kai shi aka sayar, ta sami riba mai ɗimbin yawa. Bugu da ƙari kuma a wannan shekarar ne buƙatar irin kayanta ta taso a Ingila sakamakon yaƙin duniya na farko da ya yi ƙamari a Turai. Turawan suka zo wajen Sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Dikko suka ce akwai wata ‘yar kasuwa da ake kira Fatsima Ɓaika suna da labarin irin kayanta. Saboda haka ana bukata da su a Ingila. Sarki Dikko ya sa aka kira mijinta aka je aka fito da kaya masu tarin yawa, irin su azurfa da silba da zinari da mai da kayan masarufi daban-daban. Aka yi mata ciniki mai ɗimbin yawa, amma da aka ce za a biya ta sai ta ce a ba ta kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na kuɗin kayan, sauran kashi huɗu kuwa, tana son a musanya mata da kayan da ake kawowa daga Ingila. Wannan shi ya sa ta fara kasuwanci da Turawa inda ta ɗauki babban ɗanta Alhaji Madugu ta saka shi a wannan fanni.  An ce a wancan lokacin shi kaɗai ne mutumen Katsina da kan yo odar kaya daga Ingila a kawo masa cikin jirgin ruwa, a shigo da su arewacin Nijeriya, a kawo masa a Katsina.

An ce wata rana an kawo mata kaya a jirgin ruwa, amma suka daɗe ba a kawo su a Katsina ba, saboda rashin mota. Sai ta tambaya, ta ce, shin wai ba a sayar da motar ne? Aka ce mata ana sayarwa. Sai ta ce ina Rabe (ɗanta) jeka ka tambayo nawa ne kuɗin mota? Bayan da ya dawo ya gaya mata akwai wadda za a sayo a zo a yi mata bodi, kuma akwai wadda za sayo da budinta da lasin da komai, sai ta ce a sayo mai lasin. Don haka ta ce a ɗauko taskar azurfa, aka ɗauko a cikin wannan taskar kawai, ta ƙirgo kuɗin mota ta bayar aka sayo, ta hannunta ta ga Alhaji Rabe, ta ce kar a sake jiran motar kowa wajen ɗauko mata kaya. An ce a wannan lokaci duk faɗin ƙasar Katsina babu inda ake da mota in banda gidan sarki da gidan Abu Kyahi na Ƙofar Sauri, sai kuwa gidanta. Wannan motar da saya wa Alhaji Rabe ita ce ta kai ga kafa kamfaninta mai suna Katsinawa Trading Company wanda shi Alhaji Raben ke jagorata (Sallau, 2019).

Waɗannan ababe su ne suka zama sanadiyyar bunƙasar kasuwancin Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika, inda ta shafe labarin duk wani ɗan kasuwa a wancan lokaci. Shi kuma babban ɗanta Alhaji Madugu ta ɓangare guda ya hamshaƙa, inda ya kai duk Katsina a lokacin babu mai kuɗi tamkarsa, kuma duk a ƙarƙashin kasuwancin nata.

3. 3 YAƊUWAR KASUWANCINTA A AFIRIKA

Wannan bunƙasar tattalin arziki na Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika sai ya ƙara mata buɗa hanyoyin faɗaɗa kasuwancinta da ƙasashen nahiyar Afirika. Babban yaronta na kasuwanaci wanda take yi wa laƙabi da ɗan hamsin, saboda irin hazaƙarsa ta kawo nasarori a kasuwanci, wato Alhaji Audu Fari, suka ringa kai komo da shi da sauran yaranta a ƙasashe daban-daban na Afirika, inda suke kai wasu kaya su dawo da wasu kayan. Babbar dubarar da suke yi a wanca lokacin sakamakon kasancewar wasu ƙasashe da suke zuwa renon ƙasar Faransa ne, suna amfani da kuɗaɗen saifa, sai yaran nata suka ringa sayo silba da azurfa idan suka sayar da kayansu a waɗanca ƙasashen.  A lokaci guda ita kuma sai ta sayar da azurfa da silba ga Turawa sai a musanya mata da wasu kaya. Wannan shi ne babban sirrin faɗaɗar kasuwancin Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika, inda ya tambatsa a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirika ta Yamma.

3. 4 GUDUMMAWARTA GA TATTALIN ARZIKIN ƘASA

Yaɗuwar wannan kasuwanci na Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika da ƙarfafar tattalin arzikinta, sun ƙara buɗe hanyoyin cikayya da bunƙasar samun kuɗin shiga a hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa. Haka kuma, a nan gida Katsina ta kakkafa ‘ya’yanta inda kowannensu ya zama hashaƙi a fannin da ya riƙe. Alal misali, Alhaji Madugu ya zama shahararren ɗan kasuwa na ƙasa da ƙasa da ke shigowa da kaya daga Turai. Sai kuma Alhaji Rabe wanda ya riƙe harkar sufuri da kamfaninta na Katsinawa Trading Company, wanda shi ma a wannan lokacin babu wani ɗan kasuwa a fannin sufuri da ya kai shi a Katsina. Alhaji Iron Baba kuwa, daga harkar sufuri sai ya tsallaka ya koma harkar mai. An ce shi ne farkon wanda ya kafa gidan mai a Katsina a nan inda gidan man Mobil yake. Kuma shi ne Bahaushe na farko daga Arewa da ya fara shiga harkar sayar da mai. Dansa ma Alhaji Bashiru Iron Baba sai da ya kai shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar masu sayar da man fetur ta ƙasa baki ɗaya. Sai Alhaji Dahiru Saude wanda aka ce shi ne mutum na farko da ya fara kafa super market a Katsina kuma ga shi ɗan kwangila. Amma Alhaji Audu shi ne ƙarami kuma Allah bai yi masa tsawo rai ba. An ce ya rasu tun yana ɗan shekara 34 don haka bai yi wata shahara ba, duk da yake ɗan kwangila ne, amma a faɗin Katsina kowa ya san shaharar ɗansa Alhaji Laway Darma.

Har wa yau, Yaranta na kasuwanci ta kakkafa da yawansu a harkoki daban-daban, inda su ma suka zama hamshaƙan masu kuɗi. Alal misali, Alhaji Audu Fari da kuma mahaifin Alhaji Bature Kanada. Saboda a lokacinta ta ƙarfafa bunƙasar tattalin arzikin ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma na cikin gida Nijeriya, ta hanyar samar da kuɗaɗen shiga. An ce har sai da ta kai tana ba da rancen kuɗi ga Gwamnatin N. A. (Sallau, 2019) a wancan lokaci. Haka kuma ta samar da aikin yi ga ɗimbin al’ummar ƙasa, tare da ƙarfafa jama’a zuwa ga dogaro da kai. Margayi Ɗanmasanin Kano Alhaji Maitama Sule ya bayyana ta da attajirar ‘yar kasuwa wadda a lokacinta ba ta da tamka, a duk nahiyar Afirika ta Yamma (Gidan Radiyon Katsina).

3. 5 FATSIMA ƁAIKA DA TAIMAKON AL’UMMA

Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ta kasance mace attajira mai yawan kyauta da sauraren koke-koken jama’a. An ce tana da hadimai mata waɗanda ba su da aiki banda dafa abinci. Tun da safe idan suka fara dafe-dafen abinci sun fara kenan, har zuwa yamma, ana sauke wannan ana ɗora wannan. Ga akussa nan zube bila adadin, yara kawai ake ɗora wa suna raba abincin gida-gida a unguwa-unguwa. Don haka su ma waɗannan yaran aikinsu kenan. Haka kuma ƙofarta kullum buɗe take ga mabuƙata.  

3. 6 RAYUWARTA A GIDAN AURE DA KUMA IYALI

An ce dole nakiya ta yi zaƙi don da zuma ake yenta. Hajiya Fatsima Bafullatanar asali ce (Batoranka) kuma ‘yar gidan sarauta da malanta, sannan kuma ga ta mai arziƙi na ji faɗa! Amma wani abin mamaki a rayuwarta shi ne, duk da irin wannan matsayi da ɗaukaka da take da su, ba su taɓa ruɗin rayuwarta ba. Domin an ce ta riƙe rayuwarta ta gidan auren sunna gam-da-gam. Ala missal, ta haifi ‘ya’ya goma sha biyu amma dukansu ita ce take renon abinta, kuma ta ɗora su a kan irin tarbiyar da take so su tashi da ita. Wannan ne ma ya sa ta dakatar da bin maigidanta yawon fatauci. Sannan an ce duk yawan fataken da ke sauka gidanta da cinikayyar da take yi da su, ba ta fitowa fili ta yi cuɗanya da su, sai dai ta sa yaranta na kasuwanci (wasu mata ne tsofaffi ta ajiye a gidan) da ‘ya’yanta su yi mu’amala da su. Haka kuma duk cikarta da batsewarta ba ta yarda da wani ko wata su ɗebo ko da ruwa shan ne, su bai wa mijinta ba! Ita take dafa masa abinci ta ba shi ruwa, ta yi masa shimfiɗa, ta kai masa ruwan wanka. Ita take kula da abinta har ranar da ya bar duniya. Kuma an ce tun sa’ar da ta dawo gida ta zauna ta daina fatauci, ba ta fita ko’ina sai da lalura ko wata buƙata. Alal misali, gaisuwar rasuwa ko dubiya ko wani muhimmin abu da ya shafi rayuwar yau da kullum.

4. 1 SAKAMAKON BINCIKE

A wannan bincike an yi nazarin abubuwa daban-daban, da suka shafi kasuwanci ga matan aure, da ƙanana da manyan sana’o’in mata da hulɗar cinikayya da sauransu. Haka kuma an nazarci rayuwar Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika da gudummawarta a haɓakar tattalin arzikin Afirika ta Yamma.  A ƙarshe sakamakon binciken ya fito mana da wasu muhimman abubuwa kamar haka:

i)                   A gargajiyance, al’ummar Hausawa suna da tsari na idan aka aurar da yarinya, akan kai ta gidan mijinta ne tare da wata ‘yar sana’a da za ta riƙe. Wato dai Bahaushe ya yi imani da abin nan da Hajiya Barmani Coge ke cewa, ku kama sana’a mata, macen da ba ta sana’a ta bani. Kenan a Hausance mata na da ‘yancin yin sana’a.

 

ii)                 Haka kuma binciken ya fito da yadda tarihi ya nuna irin huɓɓasar da mata suka daɗe suna yi wajen haɓaka sana’o’in gargajiya da na zamani a nan cikin gida Nijeriya da kuma wasu matan a ƙasashe daban-daban na Afirika ta Yamma. Kamar yadda suka ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar tattalin arzikin ƙasashen nasu.

 

iii)               Har wa yau, takardar ta zaƙulo tare da tattana tarihi da asali da gwagwarmayar kasuwancin Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika. Haka kuma ta yi bayanin yadda take ɗauwainiyar tarbiyar yaranta da yi wa mijinta hidima, da yadda ta zama asasin arzikin ‘ya’yanta da jikokinta a lardin Katsina.

 

iv)               Bugu da ƙari kuma, takardar ta tattauna yadda Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika ta samar da hulɗar kasuwanci ta ƙasa da ƙasa tare kafa kamfani na farko a Katsina. Kuma an yi bayani yadda kasuwancin nata ya samar da kuɗaɗen shiga ga ƙasashe daban-daban, kamar yadda ya samar da gurabun aikin yi ga jama\a da dama a gida da waje.

 

 

4.3  KAMMALAWA

A wannan bincike an tattauna abubuwa da dama dangane da sana’o’in matan aure, da irin rawar da suke takawa wajen bunƙasar tattalin arziki. Kuma an zaƙulo tare da bayar da misalai game da matan da suka taka rawa a wannan fagen, a nan gida Nijeriya da kuma sauran ƙasashen Afirika.

Har wa yau, binciken ya yi rawar gaban hantsi wajen bibiyar tarihin Kasuwancin Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika da yadda ta yi shuhura a nahiyar Afirika ta Yamma da ma Ƙasar Ingla. Aƙarshe an nazarci yadda kasuwancin nata ya haɓaka tattalin arzikin ƙ           asashe da kuma yadda ta gina yaranta na kasuwanci da kuma ‘ya’yanta, suka zama hamshaƙai a fannin kasuwanci. A nan ake kammala wannan takarda da fatan za a sami waɗanda za su ƙara zurfafa binke a kan wannan baiwar Allah domin ta kasance abar koyi ga matan wannan zamani namu, da ke fuskantar barazana da kuma ƙalubale game da tattalin arziki da tarbiyya.  

MANAZARTA

Alhassan, H. (et al). 1988. Zaman Hausawa. Ilorin: Islamic Publication Bureau.

Bargery, G. P. 1934. A Hausa English-Dictionary and English-Hausa Vocabulary. London: Oɗford University Press.

Lugga, S. A. 2015. A Glossary Management Terms. Katsina: Lugga Press Ltd.

Loza, E. 2011. “Female Entrepreneurship Theory” Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and

Education (2011, No. 1-2, 26-64, UDC: 005. 5  JEL: B54, L26; J16) Washington, D. C: Center for Law, Economics, and Finance at the George Washington University Law School

Sallau, B. A. 2019. “Muhimancin Sana’o’in Matan Hausawa wajen Bunƙasa Tattalin Arzikin

Ƙasar Hausa”.           (Takardar da aka gabatar a taron ƙarawa juna sani na Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Afirika), Katsina: Al-Ƙalam University

Sa'id, B. ƙaraye, M. and Yalwa, L. Ɗ. (Editors). 2006. Ƙamusun Hausa. Kano: Cibiyar Nazarin

Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero.

  Zarruk, R. M. & Others. 2007. Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa. Na 3 Ibadan: University Press

Plc

HIRA DA JAMA’A

Alh. Bashiru Iron Baba, Jikan Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika 10/11/2001,  a gidansa da ke Mobil Katsina.

Sa’in Katsina Alh. Amadu Nafuntuwa, Babban Yaron Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika 22/9/2001,            a gidansa da ke Katsina.

Farfesa Bashir Aliyu Sallau, Manazarcin Al’adun Hausawa Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, FUDMA, 12/9/2001, a ofis ɗin Shugabar Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Afrika na Jami’ar Al-Ƙalam.