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‘Yan Ta’adda a Kalmomin ‘Yan Jarida a Jihar Zamfara

Cite this article as: Abbas, N.I. & Sarkin Fada, I. (2023). ‘Yan ta’adda a kalmomin ‘yan jarida a jihar zamfara. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, (2)1, 162-167. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2023.v02i01.020.

Daga

Dr. Nazir Ibrahim Abbas

Department of Nigerian Languages
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
Phone No. 08060431934
naziribrahimabbas@gmail.com

Da

Isah Sarkin Fada
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau
Phone No. 08039165872
isahsarkinfada@gmail.com

 Tsakure

Sadarwa wata hanya ce ta isar da saƙo ko bayanai daga wani zuwa wani. Saboda haka sadarwa yanayin sarrafa bayanai ne tsakanin alumma cikin tsari da hikima. A wannan takarda an yi tsokaci a kan rawar da ‘yan jarida ke takawa wajen fito da sunayen ‘Yan ta’adda musamman a jihar Zamfara inda ayyukansu ya fi shafuwa. Manufa a nan ita ce, tabbatar da wanzuwar kalmomin da ‘yan jarida ke amfani da su a yayin yayata ayyukan masu ta’addanci da faɗakarwa a kafafen watsa labarai kama daga rediyo da talabijin har zuwa ga kafafen sada zumunta irin su intanet WhatsApp da facebook da ire-irensu. Bugu da ƙari, dubarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da wannan bincike sun haɗa da; zantawa da ‘yan jaridu na kafafen watsa labarai daban-daban da suka haɗa da; gidan talabijin na ƙasa da ke Gusau (NTA Gusau) da gidan rediyo da talabijin na jihar Zamfara da rediyon FM na ƙasa da ke jihar Zamfara da gidan talabijin na Gamji Gusau da gidan rediyon BBC Hausa da ke London. Sakamakon binciken da aka fito da su sun haɗa da; samar da wannan nau’in Hausa na da nasaba da faɗakarwa ga mutane da ire-iren sunayen da ake kiran wannan rukunin mutane domin ankara daga sharrinsu.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Ta’addanci, ‘Yan Ta’adda,

1.0 Gabatarwa

Sadarwa na da cikakkiyar fa’ida a kowane irin lamari na rayuwa, dalilin sadarwa ‘yan jarida suka samar da wasu kalmomi sababbi da suke kiran masu ayyukan ta’addanci a kafafen sadarwa. A jihar Zamfara ‘Yan ta’adda sun yi kaka-gida a lunguna da saƙuna a dukkanin faɗin jihar. Garkuwa da mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa da kwashe dukiyoyi da ƙone abincin manoma da satar dabbobi kamar su shanu da tumaki da raƙumma da awaki da jakai kai har da kayan ɗaki ba su bar ba. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaukar mata domin fasiƙanci da su da ɗora wa mutanen gari kuɗaɗen fansa da bautar da su kan abin da ya shafi yi masu sassabe da shuka da noma da girbe amfanin gona da tilastawa masu hannu da shuni sayen amfanin gona na mutanen gari, da dai sauran ayyukan ta’addanci sun haifar da sanya ‘yan jarida yayata waɗannan munanan ayyuka a kafafen watsa labarai domin mutane su hankalta su guji faɗawa cikin wannan mummunar sana’a. Lokuta da dama ‘yan jarida na amfani da salailai daban-daban wajen ambaton wannan rukunin jama’a. Waɗannan sunaye da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda suna taimakawa matuƙa wajen haɓaka da bunƙasa harshen Hausa, musamman a wannan fage na ilmin walwalar harshe.

2.0 Dubarun bincike

Saboda samun nasarar wannan takarda an yi amfani da dubaru daban-daban da suka haɗa da; zantawa da ‘yan jarida na kafafen watsa labarai daban-daban domin fito da sunaye iri-iri da suke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda da su. An ziyarci gidan talabijin na ƙasa da ke Gusau (NTA Gusau) da hira da ma’aikacin gidan rediyon BBC London da gidan talabijin na Gamji da ke Gusau da rediyon FM na ƙasa da ke Damɓa Gusau. Haka kuma an ziyarci wuraren sayar da jaridu domin nazartar rahotanni masu ɗauke da labarin ‘Yan ta’adda saboda a kalato wasu kalmomi da ake kiran ‘Yan tadda da su. Har wa yau, an zanta da mutanen da lamurran ayyukan ta’addanci ya shafa da ‘yan gudun hijira, waɗanda ayyukan ta’addanci ya kora daga muhallinsu. Haka nan kuma, an yi ƙoƙarin sakaya sunayen waɗanda ba su son a faɗi sunayensu saboda wasu dalilai. Bugu da ƙari, an zanta da wasu yan sa-kai domin samun bayanai da ke da nasaba da wannan bincike.

3.0 Hausar ‘yan jarida

‘‘Yan Jarida su ne mutane da ke aikin nemo labari ko dai daga gwamnati su yaɗa wa al’umma ko kuma daga al’umma zuwa ga gwamnati domin isar da buƙatarsu da al’amurransu da suka shafi zamantakewa da tattalin arzikinsu.’ Sarkin Fada (2017). ‘Yan jarida suna nemo labarai tare da tantance sahihancinsu domin watsawa ga al’umma da manufar faɗakarwa da ilmantarwa da nishaɗantarwa. Haka kuma, suna amfani da dubaru da salailai na jawo ra’ayin mutane dangane da abin da suke son a fahimta. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da kalmomi masu jawo hankalin al’umma da yi masu kwaskwarima domin su dace da labari, ko kuma ƙirƙiro wasu kalmomi da za su ba da ma’ana ga labarin da suke son a fahimta.

A ɓangaren lamarin tsaro da ya addabi Arewa maso Yammacin Nijeriya, ‘yan jarida suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yayatawa da faɗakarwa da ilmantarwa a ɓangarori daban-daban, musamman a kan neman kawo ɗauki daga jami’an tsaro zuwa ga wasu al’umma domin a tsare su daga hare-haren ‘Yan ta’adda. Haka kuma, suna ƙoƙarin sanar da hukuma idan ‘Yan ta’adda sun yi yunƙurin kai hari wani wuri domin ɗaukar matakin daƙile harin da kuma sanar da ita yawan ɓarnar da yan ta’adda suka yi wa jama’a domin ɗaukar matakin guje wa faruwar irin haka a gaba. Rufa’I (2021)

A yayin aikinsu, suna ƙoƙarin kiran ‘Yan ta’adda da sunaye daban-daban da al’umma ke fahimta. Waɗannan sunaye da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda suna da tasiri matuƙa wajen bunƙasa wannan Hausar rukuni na ‘Yan ta’adda. Akwai dubaru da dama da harshen Hausa ke amfani da su wajen samar da kalmomi a cikin harshen, waɗannan dubaru sun haɗa da: haɗa kalmomi biyu ko fiye su ba da ma’ana ɗaya, wato harɗantawa da kwaikwaya da ƙirƙira da ɗafi da aro daga wasu harsuna zuwa harshen Hausa da sauransu. Sani (2011). A nan an yi ƙoƙarin kawo suna da yanayin ƙirarsa da ajinsa da kuma yankin da yake fitowa a jimla. Haka kuma an kawo ma’ana ta asali da kuma sabuwar ma’ana tare da kawo dangantakar da ke tsakaninsu, kasancewa ana samun wasu kalmomi ne na aro. Wasu kuwa an faɗaɗa ma’anarsu ne, a lokaci guda wasu kuwa harɗaɗɗun kalmomi ne, wato an haɗa kalmomi biyu ko fiye suka ba da kalma ɗaya.

4.0 Sunayen da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘yan ta’adda da su

S/N

Suna

Ƙirar Kalma

Aji

Sabuwar Ma’ana

Ma’ana ta asali

1.       

Maharan Daji

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Suna

Mutane ne da ke zaune a daji suna da miyagun makamai, kuma suna yunƙurin kai farmaki a wasu wurare domin kassara mutane da dukiyoyinsu.

Kalmomi biyu ne aka haɗa suka ba da kalma ɗaya.

2.       

‘Yan Fashin Daji

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Suna

Wasu nau’in mutane ne da ke zaune a wani wuri na musamman kuma suna ɗauke da makamai da zimmar yi wa al’umma sace-sace da ƙwace dukiyoyinsu.

Ba a samu kalma ɗaya dunƙulalliya ba.

3.       

Masu Garkuwa da Mutane.

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Sifa

Nau’i ne na ‘Yan ta’adda da ke ɗaukar mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa. Sukan yi garkuwa da maza da mata da ƙananan yara.

Babu ma’ana ɗaya dunƙulalliya.

4.       

‘Yan Bindiga

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Suna

ɓarayi masu riƙe da makamai suna satar kayayyakin mutane da kuma garkuwa da su domin neman kuɗin fansa. Bugu da ƙari, suna ƙone-ƙone da kashe mutane da babu gaira babu dalili.

Harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce mai ma’anar ‘yan ina da kisa, ko makasa.

5.       

Ɓarayin Shanu

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Suna

Wani nau’in mutane ne masu satar shanu a gidaje da kuma daji.

Kalmomi biyu ne aka haɗe suka ba da kalma ɗaya. Saboda babu dunƙulalliyar kalma ɗaya.

6.       

Ɓarayin Daji

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Suna

Rukunin mutane ne masu sace-sace da ke zaune a cikin daji.

Ma’ana ta asali na nufin ‘yan fashi masu ƙwace dukiyar mutane.

7.       

Yaran Daji

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Suna

Mutane ne da suka taru mafi yawa a daji, kuma akasarinsu matasa suna kai farmaki ga al’umma, da awon gaba da dukiyoyinsu.

Babu kalma ɗaya dunƙulalliya

8.       

‘Yan Daba

Harɗaɗɗiya

 

Suna

Mutane ne da ke taruwa a wuri na musamman domin aiwatar da munanan ayukka da suka haɗa da sace-sace da shaye-shaye da sauransu.

Mutane ne da ke taruwa a wani wuri don aikata aikin assha.

 

Maharan Daji, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, tana cikin ajin suna kuma an fi amfani da kalmar a yankin suna a jimla. “Mutane ne da ke zaune a daji suna riƙe da miyagun makamai na ƙashin mallakarsu, kuma suna yunƙurin kai hare-hare a wasu wurare domin kassara jama’a da dukiyoyinsu.” Ƙamushin Hausa (2006). Su waɗannan maharan daji a wani lokaci sukan kai hari da niyar sato dukiya, a wasu lokuta kuma, suna kai hari da niyar kashe mutane da ƙone dukiyoyinsu ba tare da sun ɗauki komai ba. Wannan ya faru a wurare da dama, misali a jihar Sakkwato yankin ƙaramar hukumar Sabon Birni, maharan daji sun banka wa motar matafiya wuta, suka tsare sai da ta ƙone sannan suka wuce, inda mutum 42 suka rasa rayuwarsu ciki har da ƙananan yara. Rufa’i (2021). A nan babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami dunƙulalliyar kalmar asali ba.

‘Yan fashin daji, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, tana cikin ajin kalmomin suna, a jimla ta fi zuwa a yankin suna. “Wasu nau’in mutane ne da ke zaune a wani wuri na musamman kuma suna ɗauke da miyagun makamai da niyar yi wa al’umma sata da ƙwace dukiyoyinsu.” Abraham (1947). Misali, a wani gari da ake kira Birnin Tudu, ƙaramar hukumar Gummi, jihar Zamfara, ranar 18/8/2022 ‘yan fashin daji sun shiga garin, inda suka tare duk wata hanya da ke sada shi da ƙauyukan da ke kusa da shi, suka dinga tare shanu, suna tarawa a wani wuri bakin gari. Aƙalla sun tara shanu fiye da dubu ɗaya, kuma suka buge shaguna suka kwashi ɗimbin dukiya, daga ƙarshe suka yi awon gaba da ita zuwa cikin daji. Hira da Ibrahim Marafa Gamo, 10/01/2023. A nan babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami dunƙulalliyar kalmar asali ba.

Masu Garkuwa da Mutane, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, kuma tana cikin ajin suna, a jimla, an fi amfani da kalmar a yankin suna. Nau’in mutane ne ‘Yan ta’adda da ke ɗaukar mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa. Bugu da ƙari, sukan yi garkuwa da maza da mata da kuma ƙanana yara ‘yan makaranta. Misalin irin wannan shi ne, kamar ‘yan makarantar ƙwalejin ‘yan mata na gwamnatin tarayya da ke Yawuri da aka ɗauka, su kusan 102 a ranar 18/1/2021 a cikin makarantarsu. Haka kuma, da yara ‘yan Islamiyyah da aka ɗauka a yayin da suke karatu a cikin makaranta a garin Tagina da ke ƙaramar hukumar Rafi da ke jihar Neja su 136 a ranar 30/5/2021. Daga baya aka sake su bayan an biya kuɗin fansa. Ministry for security (2021). A nan babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami dunƙulalliyar kalmar asali ba.

‘Yan Bindiga, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, tana cikin ajin suna, ana amfani da kalmar a yankin suna a jimla. “Ɓarayi ne masu riƙe da makamai, suna satar dukiyoyin mutane tare da garkuwa da su domin neman kuɗin fansa.” Abraham (1947). Haka kuma, suna ƙone-ƙone da kashe mutanen da ba su aikata masu laifin komai ba. Abin da ke faruwa kenan a halin yanzu a ƙauyuka da birane, suna ta kashe mutane, da ba su san hawa ba, ba su san sauka ba. Wannan lamari ya yi tsanani ƙwarai a yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Nijeriya, har yana son ya gagari hukuma. A halin yanzu babu abin da ya rage face addu’a ta samun dawamammen zaman lafiya a yankin da ma Nijeiya baki ɗaya. A nan, wannan kalma harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce mai ma’anar ‘yan ina da kisa, ko makasa. Saboda kalmomi biyu ne masu ma’ana bamban aka haɗa suka ba da ma’ana ɗaya.

Ɓarayin shanu, kalmomi biyu ne aka haɗe suka ba da ɗaya, saboda haka harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, tana cikin ajin suna. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da kalmar a yankin suna a jimla. Wani nau’in mutane ne masu satar shanun jama’a, a cikin gari da kuma daji. Waɗannan ɓarayi sukan shiga gida-gida suna kamo shanu daga turakunsu idan suka tattara su sai su gargaɗa su zuwa daji. Wani lokaci kuma sukan tare shanu da ake zuwa da su kiwo daji, wata sa’a ma, har da shanun Fulani da ke daji ba su bari ba, sukan kori makiyaya su yi awon gaba da shanu. Wani lokaci, idan shanun sun yi yawa sukan ɗibi jama’ar gari ko ƙauye su kora masu zuwa inda suke buƙata, sannan su sallame su, su dawo gidajensu. A nan babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami dunƙulalliyar kalmar asali ba.

Ɓarayin Daji, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma kuma tana cikin suna, a jimla, tana zuwa a yankin suna. “Nau’i ne na mutane da ke zaune a daji masu sace-sacen dukiyoyin mutane.” Bargery (1934). Wannan satar ta haɗa da tare hanya su ƙwace shanu da dukiya da abinci, wani lokaci har da kayan amfanin gona. A ma’ana ta asali kuwa na nufin ‘yan fashi. A nan dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana ita ce dukkan kalmomin suna nufin wasu mutane ne masu ƙwace dukiyar mutane.

Yaran Daji, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, ajin suna, ana amfani da ita a yankin suna a jimla. Mutane ne da suka taru a daji akasarin su matasa, suna kai farmaki ga al’umma da awon gaba da dukiyoyinsu. Sunan ya samu ne a lokacin da gwamnan Zamfara Alhaji Bello Matawalle ya karɓi ragwamar mulki a jihar. Gwamnan ya ɓullo da dubarar sulhu domin samun maslaha tsakanin ‘Yan ta’adda da al’umma, a maimakon ya kira su ɓarayi ko ‘Yan ta’adda sai ya kira su da sunan yaran daji domin tausasawa da jan hankali ko da za su tuba subar aikata ta’addanci. Ministry for security (2011).

‘Yan daba, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, ajin suna, ana amfani da ita a yankin suna a jimla. “Mutane ne da ke taruwa a wuri na musamman domin aiwatar da munanan ayuka da suka haɗa da sace-sace da shaye-shaye da sauran miyagun ayuka da al’umma ta ƙyamata.” Ƙamushin Hausa (2006). Ma’ana ta asali kuwa na nufin mutane ne da ke taruwa a wani wuri don aikata aikin assha. Saboda haka, akwai dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana ta fuskar haduwar mutane wuri ɗaya domin aikata wani aiki da al’umma suka ƙyamata. ‘Yan daba, suna ne da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda a lokuta da dama da kuma wurare mabambanta kama daga gidajen rediyo da talabijin da kafar sadarwa ta zamani irin su wayar salula da whatsApp da facebook da Intanet da jaridu da sauransu. Akwai dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewarsu sun yi tarayya wajen aikin ta’addanci.

5.0 Sakamakon bincike

A ƙarshen kowane bincike ana sa ran a fito da sakamakon da aka gano domin ganin an cimma burin manufar bincike ko akasin haka. Saboda haka, a wannan bincike an gano abubuwa kamar haka:

1.      Tabbatar da Hausar rukunin ‘Yan ta’adda a bakunan ‘yan jarida domin sanya ta a matsayin ƙari ga waɗanda ake da su a cikin harshen Hausa.

2.       Binciken ya tabbatar da cewa, samar da wannan nau’in Hausa na da nasaba da faɗakarwa ga mutane da ire-iren sunayen da ake kiran wannan rukunin mutane domin ankara daga sharrinsu.

3.      ‘Yan jarida na amfani da ire-iren waɗannan kalmomi da sassan jimloli da jimloli a yayin sadarwa a tsakaninsu da mu’amala wa junansu musamman a yayin watsa labarai da rahotanni a kafafen sadarwa

4.      Binciken ya tabbatar da samuwar wasu kalmomin asali, da kuma sabuwar ma’ana da dangantakar da ke tsakaninsu. Wannan wata hanya ce da ake samun ƙaruwar kalmomi sababbi a cikin rumbun kalmomin Hausa, daga rukunin kalmomin ‘yan jarida ga ‘yan ta’adda.

5.      Binciken ya samu wasu kalmomi da aka samar ta hanyar haɗa kalmomi biyu su ba da kalma ɗaya don samar da sabuwar ma’ana. ‘Yan jarida na amfani da irin waɗannan kalmomi domin su samar da kalma ɗaya ire-iren waɗannan kalmomi sun haɗa da; yaran daji da ‘yan fashin daji da sauransu.

6.0 Kammalawa

A wannan takarda, an tattauna muhimman abubuwa kamar haka, sunayen da ‘yan jarida ke amfani da su a yayin kiran ‘Yan ta’adda a kafafen yaɗa labarai. Waɗannan sunaye suna tasiri ƙwarai wajen bunƙasa harshen Hausa, musamman a wannan fage na ilmin walwalar harshe. An fito da kalmomi da ma’anarsu ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana tare da kawo dangantakarsu. Mafi yawan kalmomin da ‘yan jarida ke amfani da su kalmomi biyu ne ko fiye aka haɗa wuri ɗaya suka ba da kalma ɗaya, wasu kuwa faɗaɗa ma’ana ne.

 Manazarta

9.      Abraham R. C. (1947). Dictionary of Hausa Langauge London: Hodder and Soughton.

10.  Atuwo, A. A. (2009). Ta’addanci a Idon Bahaushe: Yaɗuwarsa da Tasirinsa a Wasu ƙagaggun Rubutattun Labaran Hausa. Kundin Digiri na Uku. Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sakkwato.

11.  Bargery, G. P. (1934). A Hausa- English Dictionary and English – Hausa Dictionary Vocabulary.Zaria; Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited

12.  Bature, A. (2002). Nazari Kan ƙirƙirar Sababbin Kalmomi a Hausa. In Bichi A.B et, al (eds) Studies in Hausa Language, Literature and Culture. The Fifth Hausa International Conference. Kano. Benchmark Publishers Limited.

13.  CNHN, (2006). Ƙamushin Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayero Kano.Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nigeria.

14.  Lawal, H. S. (2011). Faɗaɗa Ma’anar Kalmomi da Jumloli a Hausa. Kundin Digiri na Biyu Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria.

15.  Lukman, B., & Ibrahim, K. (2020). The Import of Armed Banditry and Cattle Rustling on Trade and Markets in Zamfara State. Conference Proceedings. Zamfara and Challenges of Socio-Political Transformation from 1764-2019. ISBN 978-978-994-481-1 pp 575-580

16.  Ministry for Security and Home Affairs. (2011). Report On Armed Banditry, Recovery And Other Related Operation In The State. Zamfara State Government.

17.  Muhammad, A. L. (2011). Hausar Kwantagora: Nau’o’inta da Sigoginta, Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria.

18.  Mohammad, D. (ed). (1990). Hausa Metalanguage. (Ƙamushin keɓaɓɓun kalmomi). Ibadan: University Press Limited.

19.  Rufa’i, M. A. (2021). I am A Bandits: A Decade of Research on Armed Banditry in Zamfara State. 15th University Seminar Presented at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Auditorium, Main Campus.

20.  Sani, M. A. Z. (2011). Gamayyar Tasarifi Da Tsarin Sautin Hausa. Zaria. Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited. ISBN: 978-125-833-0

21.  Sarkin Fada, I. (2017). Bitar Fassara a Gidan Talabijin Na Ƙasa Da Ke Gusau, (NTA Gusau). Takardar da Aka Gabatar A Taron Ƙara Wa Juna Sani A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.

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