Cite this article as: Abbas, N.I. & Sarkin Fada, I. (2023). ‘Yan ta’adda a kalmomin ‘yan jarida a jihar zamfara. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, (2)1, 162-167. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2023.v02i01.020.
Daga
Dr. Nazir Ibrahim Abbas
Department of Nigerian
Languages
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
Phone No. 08060431934
naziribrahimabbas@gmail.com
Da
Isah Sarkin Fada
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau
Phone No. 08039165872
isahsarkinfada@gmail.com
Tsakure
Sadarwa
wata hanya ce ta isar da saƙo ko bayanai daga wani zuwa wani. Saboda haka sadarwa
yanayin sarrafa bayanai ne tsakanin al’umma
cikin tsari da hikima. A wannan takarda an yi tsokaci a kan rawar da ‘yan
jarida ke takawa wajen fito da sunayen ‘Yan ta’adda musamman a jihar Zamfara
inda ayyukansu ya fi shafuwa. Manufa a nan ita ce, tabbatar da wanzuwar
kalmomin da ‘yan jarida ke amfani da su a yayin yayata ayyukan masu ta’addanci
da faɗakarwa a kafafen watsa
labarai kama daga rediyo da talabijin har zuwa ga kafafen sada zumunta irin su
intanet WhatsApp da facebook da ire-irensu. Bugu da ƙari, dubarun da aka yi
amfani da su wajen gudanar da wannan bincike sun haɗa da; zantawa da ‘yan jaridu na kafafen watsa labarai
daban-daban da suka haɗa da;
gidan talabijin na ƙasa da ke Gusau (NTA Gusau) da gidan rediyo da talabijin
na jihar Zamfara da rediyon FM na ƙasa da ke jihar Zamfara da gidan talabijin na Gamji Gusau
da gidan rediyon BBC Hausa da ke London. Sakamakon binciken da aka fito da su
sun haɗa da; samar da wannan
nau’in Hausa na da nasaba da faɗakarwa
ga mutane da ire-iren sunayen da ake kiran wannan rukunin mutane domin ankara
daga sharrinsu.
Fitilun
Kalmomi: Ta’addanci, ‘Yan Ta’adda,
1.0 Gabatarwa
Sadarwa
na da cikakkiyar fa’ida a kowane irin lamari na rayuwa, dalilin sadarwa ‘yan
jarida suka samar da wasu kalmomi sababbi da suke kiran masu ayyukan ta’addanci
a kafafen sadarwa. A jihar Zamfara ‘Yan ta’adda sun yi kaka-gida a lunguna da
saƙuna a
dukkanin faɗin jihar. Garkuwa da mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa da kwashe dukiyoyi da ƙone abincin manoma da satar dabbobi kamar su
shanu da tumaki da raƙumma da
awaki da jakai kai har da kayan ɗaki ba
su bar ba. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaukar mata domin fasiƙanci da su da ɗora wa mutanen gari kuɗaɗen fansa
da bautar da su kan abin da ya shafi yi masu sassabe da shuka da noma da girbe
amfanin gona da tilastawa masu hannu da shuni sayen amfanin gona na mutanen
gari, da dai sauran ayyukan ta’addanci sun haifar da sanya ‘yan jarida yayata
waɗannan munanan ayyuka a kafafen watsa labarai
domin mutane su hankalta su guji faɗawa
cikin wannan mummunar sana’a. Lokuta da dama ‘yan jarida na amfani da salailai
daban-daban wajen ambaton wannan rukunin jama’a. Waɗannan sunaye da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda suna
taimakawa matuƙa wajen
haɓaka da bunƙasa harshen Hausa, musamman a wannan fage na
ilmin walwalar harshe.
2.0 Dubarun bincike
Saboda samun nasarar wannan takarda an yi amfani da
dubaru daban-daban da suka haɗa da;
zantawa da ‘yan jarida na kafafen watsa labarai daban-daban domin fito da
sunaye iri-iri da suke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda da su. An ziyarci gidan talabijin na ƙasa da ke Gusau (NTA
Gusau) da hira da ma’aikacin gidan rediyon BBC London da gidan talabijin na
Gamji da ke Gusau da rediyon FM na ƙasa da ke Damɓa Gusau.
Haka kuma an ziyarci wuraren sayar da jaridu domin nazartar rahotanni masu ɗauke da labarin ‘Yan ta’adda saboda a kalato wasu kalmomi
da ake kiran ‘Yan tadda da su. Har wa yau, an zanta da mutanen da lamurran
ayyukan ta’addanci ya shafa da ‘yan gudun hijira, waɗanda ayyukan ta’addanci ya kora daga muhallinsu. Haka nan
kuma, an yi ƙoƙarin sakaya sunayen waɗanda ba su son a faɗi
sunayensu saboda wasu dalilai. Bugu da ƙari, an zanta da wasu ‘yan sa-kai domin samun
bayanai da ke da nasaba da wannan bincike.
3.0 Hausar ‘yan jarida
‘‘Yan Jarida su ne mutane da ke aikin nemo labari ko dai
daga gwamnati su yaɗa wa
al’umma ko kuma daga al’umma zuwa ga gwamnati domin isar da buƙatarsu da al’amurransu da
suka shafi zamantakewa da tattalin arzikinsu.’ Sarkin Fada (2017). ‘Yan jarida
suna nemo labarai tare da tantance sahihancinsu domin watsawa ga al’umma da
manufar faɗakarwa da ilmantarwa da nishaɗantarwa. Haka kuma, suna amfani da dubaru da salailai na
jawo ra’ayin mutane dangane da abin da suke son a fahimta. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da kalmomi masu jawo hankalin al’umma da yi
masu kwaskwarima domin su dace da labari, ko kuma ƙirƙiro wasu kalmomi da za su ba da ma’ana ga labarin da suke
son a fahimta.
A ɓangaren lamarin tsaro da ya addabi Arewa maso Yammacin
Nijeriya, ‘yan jarida suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yayatawa da faɗakarwa da ilmantarwa a ɓangarori daban-daban, musamman a kan neman kawo ɗauki daga jami’an tsaro zuwa ga wasu al’umma domin a
tsare su daga hare-haren ‘Yan ta’adda. Haka kuma, suna ƙoƙarin sanar da hukuma idan ‘Yan ta’adda sun yi yunƙurin kai hari wani wuri
domin ɗaukar matakin daƙile harin da kuma sanar da ita yawan ɓarnar da yan ta’adda suka yi wa jama’a domin ɗaukar matakin guje wa faruwar irin haka a gaba. Rufa’I (2021)
A yayin
aikinsu, suna ƙoƙarin kiran ‘Yan ta’adda da
sunaye daban-daban da al’umma ke fahimta. Waɗannan sunaye da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda suna da
tasiri matuƙa wajen
bunƙasa
wannan Hausar rukuni na ‘Yan ta’adda. Akwai dubaru da dama da harshen Hausa ke
amfani da su wajen samar da kalmomi a cikin harshen, waɗannan dubaru sun haɗa da: haɗa kalmomi biyu ko fiye su ba da ma’ana ɗaya, wato harɗantawa
da kwaikwaya da ƙirƙira da ɗafi da aro daga wasu harsuna zuwa harshen Hausa da
sauransu. Sani (2011). A nan an yi ƙoƙarin
kawo suna da yanayin ƙirarsa
da ajinsa da kuma yankin da yake fitowa a jimla. Haka kuma an kawo ma’ana ta
asali da kuma sabuwar ma’ana tare da kawo dangantakar da ke tsakaninsu,
kasancewa ana samun wasu kalmomi ne na aro. Wasu kuwa an faɗaɗa ma’anarsu
ne, a lokaci guda wasu kuwa harɗaɗɗun kalmomi ne, wato an haɗa kalmomi biyu ko fiye suka ba da kalma ɗaya.
4.0
Sunayen da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘yan ta’adda da su
S/N |
Suna |
Ƙirar Kalma |
Aji |
Sabuwar
Ma’ana |
Ma’ana
ta asali |
1. |
Maharan
Daji |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Suna |
Mutane
ne da ke zaune a daji suna da miyagun makamai, kuma suna yunƙurin kai farmaki a wasu
wurare domin kassara mutane da dukiyoyinsu. |
Kalmomi
biyu ne aka haɗa suka ba da kalma ɗaya. |
2. |
‘Yan
Fashin Daji |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Suna |
Wasu
nau’in mutane ne da ke zaune a wani wuri na musamman kuma suna ɗauke da makamai da
zimmar yi wa al’umma sace-sace da ƙwace dukiyoyinsu. |
Ba a
samu kalma ɗaya dunƙulalliya ba. |
3. |
Masu
Garkuwa da Mutane. |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Sifa |
Nau’i
ne na ‘Yan ta’adda da ke ɗaukar
mutane domin neman kuɗin
fansa. Sukan yi garkuwa da maza da mata da ƙananan yara. |
Babu
ma’ana ɗaya dunƙulalliya. |
4. |
‘Yan
Bindiga |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Suna |
ɓarayi masu riƙe da makamai suna satar kayayyakin mutane da kuma
garkuwa da su domin neman kuɗin
fansa. Bugu da ƙari,
suna ƙone-ƙone da kashe mutane da
babu gaira babu dalili. |
Harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce mai ma’anar ‘yan ina da kisa, ko makasa. |
5. |
Ɓarayin Shanu |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Suna |
Wani
nau’in mutane ne masu satar shanu a gidaje da kuma daji. |
Kalmomi
biyu ne aka haɗe suka ba da kalma ɗaya. Saboda babu dunƙulalliyar kalma ɗaya. |
6. |
Ɓarayin Daji |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Suna |
Rukunin
mutane ne masu sace-sace da ke zaune a cikin daji. |
Ma’ana
ta asali na nufin ‘yan fashi masu ƙwace dukiyar mutane. |
7. |
Yaran
Daji |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Suna |
Mutane
ne da suka taru mafi yawa a daji, kuma akasarinsu matasa suna kai farmaki ga
al’umma, da awon gaba da dukiyoyinsu. |
Babu
kalma ɗaya dunƙulalliya |
8. |
‘Yan
Daba |
Harɗaɗɗiya
|
Suna |
Mutane
ne da ke taruwa a wuri na musamman domin aiwatar da munanan ayukka da suka haɗa da sace-sace da
shaye-shaye da sauransu. |
Mutane
ne da ke taruwa a wani wuri don aikata aikin assha. |
Maharan Daji, harɗaɗɗiyar
kalma ce, tana cikin ajin suna kuma an fi amfani da kalmar a yankin suna a
jimla. “Mutane ne da ke zaune a daji suna riƙe da miyagun makamai na ƙashin mallakarsu, kuma suna yunƙurin kai hare-hare a wasu
wurare domin kassara jama’a da dukiyoyinsu.” Ƙamushin Hausa (2006). Su waɗannan maharan daji a wani lokaci sukan kai hari da niyar
sato dukiya, a wasu lokuta kuma, suna kai hari da niyar kashe mutane da ƙone dukiyoyinsu ba tare da
sun ɗauki komai ba. Wannan ya faru a wurare da
dama, misali a jihar Sakkwato yankin ƙaramar hukumar Sabon Birni, maharan daji sun banka wa
motar matafiya wuta, suka tsare sai da ta ƙone sannan suka wuce, inda mutum 42 suka rasa
rayuwarsu ciki har da ƙananan
yara. Rufa’i (2021). A nan babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar
ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami dunƙulalliyar kalmar asali ba.
‘Yan fashin daji, harɗaɗɗiyar
kalma ce, tana cikin ajin kalmomin suna, a jimla ta fi zuwa a yankin suna. “Wasu
nau’in mutane ne da ke zaune a wani wuri na musamman kuma suna ɗauke da miyagun makamai da niyar yi wa al’umma sata da ƙwace dukiyoyinsu.” Abraham
(1947). Misali, a wani gari da ake kira Birnin Tudu, ƙaramar hukumar Gummi, jihar Zamfara, ranar
18/8/2022 ‘yan fashin daji sun shiga garin, inda suka tare duk wata hanya da ke
sada shi da ƙauyukan
da ke kusa da shi, suka dinga tare shanu, suna tarawa a wani wuri bakin gari. Aƙalla sun tara shanu fiye
da dubu ɗaya, kuma suka buge shaguna suka kwashi ɗimbin dukiya, daga ƙarshe suka yi awon gaba da ita zuwa cikin daji. Hira da
Ibrahim Marafa Gamo, 10/01/2023. A nan babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali
da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami dunƙulalliyar kalmar asali ba.
Masu Garkuwa da Mutane, harɗaɗɗiyar
kalma ce, kuma tana cikin ajin suna, a jimla, an fi amfani da kalmar a yankin
suna. Nau’in mutane ne ‘Yan ta’adda da ke ɗaukar mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa. Bugu da ƙari, sukan yi garkuwa da maza da mata da kuma ƙanana yara ‘yan makaranta.
Misalin irin wannan shi ne, kamar ‘yan makarantar ƙwalejin ‘yan mata na gwamnatin tarayya da ke
Yawuri da aka ɗauka, su kusan 102 a ranar 18/1/2021 a cikin
makarantarsu. Haka kuma, da yara ‘yan Islamiyyah da aka ɗauka a yayin da suke karatu a cikin makaranta a garin
Tagina da ke ƙaramar
hukumar Rafi da ke jihar Neja su 136 a ranar 30/5/2021. Daga baya aka sake su
bayan an biya kuɗin fansa. Ministry for security (2021). A nan
babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami
dunƙulalliyar
kalmar asali ba.
‘Yan Bindiga, harɗaɗɗiyar
kalma ce, tana cikin ajin suna, ana amfani da kalmar a yankin suna a jimla. “Ɓarayi ne masu riƙe da makamai, suna satar
dukiyoyin mutane tare da garkuwa da su domin neman kuɗin fansa.” Abraham (1947). Haka kuma, suna ƙone-ƙone da kashe mutanen da ba su aikata masu
laifin komai ba. Abin da ke faruwa kenan a halin yanzu a ƙauyuka da birane, suna ta kashe mutane, da ba
su san hawa ba, ba su san sauka ba. Wannan lamari ya yi tsanani ƙwarai a yankin Arewa maso
Yammacin Nijeriya, har yana son ya gagari hukuma. A halin yanzu babu abin da ya
rage face addu’a ta samun dawamammen zaman lafiya a yankin da ma Nijeiya baki ɗaya. A nan, wannan kalma harɗaɗɗiyar
kalma ce mai ma’anar ‘yan ina da kisa, ko makasa. Saboda kalmomi biyu ne masu
ma’ana bamban aka haɗa suka
ba da ma’ana ɗaya.
Ɓarayin shanu, kalmomi biyu ne aka haɗe suka ba da ɗaya, saboda haka harɗaɗɗiyar kalma ce, tana cikin ajin suna. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da kalmar a yankin suna a jimla. Wani nau’in mutane ne masu satar shanun jama’a, a cikin gari da kuma daji. Waɗannan ɓarayi sukan shiga gida-gida suna kamo shanu daga turakunsu idan suka tattara su sai su gargaɗa su zuwa daji. Wani lokaci kuma sukan tare shanu da ake zuwa da su kiwo daji, wata sa’a ma, har da shanun Fulani da ke daji ba su bari ba, sukan kori makiyaya su yi awon gaba da shanu. Wani lokaci, idan shanun sun yi yawa sukan ɗibi jama’ar gari ko ƙauye su kora masu zuwa inda suke buƙata, sannan su sallame su, su dawo gidajensu. A nan babu dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewar ba a sami dunƙulalliyar kalmar asali ba.
Ɓarayin
Daji, harɗaɗɗiyar kalma kuma tana cikin suna, a jimla, tana zuwa a
yankin suna. “Nau’i ne na mutane da ke zaune a daji masu sace-sacen dukiyoyin
mutane.” Bargery (1934). Wannan satar ta haɗa da tare hanya su ƙwace shanu da dukiya da abinci, wani lokaci har da kayan
amfanin gona. A ma’ana ta asali kuwa na nufin ‘yan fashi. A nan dangantaka
tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana ita ce dukkan kalmomin suna nufin
wasu mutane ne masu ƙwace
dukiyar mutane.
Yaran Daji, harɗaɗɗiyar
kalma ce, ajin suna, ana amfani da ita a yankin suna a jimla. Mutane ne da suka
taru a daji akasarin su matasa, suna kai farmaki ga al’umma da awon gaba da
dukiyoyinsu. Sunan ya samu ne a lokacin da gwamnan Zamfara Alhaji Bello Matawalle
ya karɓi ragwamar mulki a jihar. Gwamnan ya ɓullo da dubarar sulhu domin samun maslaha tsakanin ‘Yan
ta’adda da al’umma, a maimakon ya kira su ɓarayi ko ‘Yan ta’adda sai ya kira su da sunan yaran daji
domin tausasawa da jan hankali ko da za su tuba subar aikata ta’addanci.
Ministry for security (2011).
‘Yan daba, harɗaɗɗiyar
kalma ce, ajin suna, ana amfani da ita a yankin suna a jimla. “Mutane ne da ke
taruwa a wuri na musamman domin aiwatar da munanan ayuka da suka haɗa da sace-sace da shaye-shaye da sauran miyagun ayuka da
al’umma ta ƙyamata.”
Ƙamushin
Hausa (2006). Ma’ana ta asali kuwa na nufin mutane ne da ke taruwa a wani wuri
don aikata aikin assha. Saboda haka, akwai dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali
da sabuwar ma’ana ta fuskar haduwar mutane wuri ɗaya domin aikata wani aiki da al’umma suka ƙyamata. ‘Yan daba, suna ne
da ‘yan jarida ke kiran ‘Yan ta’adda a lokuta da dama da kuma wurare mabambanta
kama daga gidajen rediyo da talabijin da kafar sadarwa ta zamani irin su wayar
salula da whatsApp da facebook da Intanet da jaridu da sauransu. Akwai
dangantaka tsakanin ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana kasancewarsu sun yi
tarayya wajen aikin ta’addanci.
5.0
Sakamakon bincike
A ƙarshen kowane bincike ana
sa ran a fito da sakamakon da aka gano domin ganin an cimma burin manufar
bincike ko akasin haka. Saboda haka, a wannan bincike an gano abubuwa kamar
haka:
1.
Tabbatar da Hausar rukunin
‘Yan ta’adda a bakunan ‘yan jarida domin sanya ta a matsayin ƙari ga waɗanda ake da su a cikin harshen Hausa.
2.
Binciken ya tabbatar da cewa, samar da wannan
nau’in Hausa na da nasaba da faɗakarwa
ga mutane da ire-iren sunayen da ake kiran wannan rukunin mutane domin ankara
daga sharrinsu.
3.
‘Yan jarida na amfani da
ire-iren waɗannan kalmomi da sassan jimloli da jimloli a
yayin sadarwa a tsakaninsu da mu’amala wa junansu musamman a yayin watsa
labarai da rahotanni a kafafen sadarwa
4.
Binciken ya tabbatar da
samuwar wasu kalmomin asali, da kuma sabuwar ma’ana da dangantakar da ke
tsakaninsu. Wannan wata hanya ce da ake samun ƙaruwar kalmomi sababbi a cikin rumbun kalmomin
Hausa, daga rukunin kalmomin ‘yan jarida ga ‘yan ta’adda.
5.
Binciken ya samu wasu
kalmomi da aka samar ta hanyar haɗa
kalmomi biyu su ba da kalma ɗaya don
samar da sabuwar ma’ana. ‘Yan jarida na amfani da irin waɗannan kalmomi domin su samar da kalma ɗaya ire-iren waɗannan
kalmomi sun haɗa da; yaran
daji da ‘yan fashin daji da sauransu.
6.0
Kammalawa
A wannan takarda, an tattauna muhimman abubuwa kamar
haka, sunayen da ‘yan jarida ke amfani da su a yayin kiran ‘Yan ta’adda a
kafafen yaɗa labarai. Waɗannan sunaye suna tasiri ƙwarai wajen bunƙasa harshen Hausa, musamman a wannan fage na
ilmin walwalar harshe. An fito da kalmomi da ma’anarsu ta asali da sabuwar
ma’ana tare da kawo dangantakarsu. Mafi yawan kalmomin da ‘yan jarida ke amfani
da su kalmomi biyu ne ko fiye aka haɗa wuri ɗaya suka ba da kalma ɗaya, wasu kuwa faɗaɗa ma’ana ne.
Manazarta
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Juna Sani A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.