Gudunmuwar Marubuta Waƙoƙin Hausa ga Sha’anin Zaman Lafiya

Cite this article as: Shehu, M. (2023). Gudunmuwar Marubuta Waƙoƙin Hausa ga Sha’anin Zaman Lafiya. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, (2)1, 122-130. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2023.v02i01.015.

Daga

Dr. Musa Shehu
Department of Nigerian Languages, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
yawuri3327@gmail.com
07031319454

Abstract

The role of Hausa written poetry in the life of Hausa people can never be over-emphasized. Besides leisure, it gives courage, and determination, and leads to a better way of life. It touches almost all aspects of human endeavor, which includes culture, religion, politics, socialization, knowledge, economics, love of one another, peace and conflict resolution, among others. The aim of this paper is to analyze some Hausa written poetry as regards peace and conflict resolution and see how they contribute to drawing people’s attention and educating them on resolution, peacemaking and peacekeeping, and the effects of crisis according to the tradition of Hausa. Therefore, the paper will peep through some selected written verses that address peace and conflict resolution.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Waƙoƙin Hausa, Zaman Lafiya, Adabi

1.0 Gabatarwa

Waƙa wani saƙo ne da aka gina shi kan tsararriyar ƙa’ida ta baiti, ɗango, rerawa, kari (bahari), amsa-amo (ƙafiya), da sauran ƙa’idojin da suka shafi daidaita kalmomi, zaɓensu da amfani da su cikin sigogin da ba lalle ne haka suke a maganar baka ba.[1] Shi kuwa Alƙali Bello Giɗaɗawa cewa ya yi: “Waƙa dai magana ce tsararriya wadda ake shiryawa a bisa wasu muryoyi na musamman, wadda kuma ta bambanta da maganar yau da kullum.[2] Tsara waƙa baiwa ce ta Ubangiji sai wanda Allah ya hore wa ita zai iya. Hausawa sun fara rubuta waƙa ne ta dalilin isar da saƙon Allah, wato domin yin wa’azi ga jama’a domin su koma tafarkin Allah madaidaici. Marubucin waƙoƙin Hausa yana nazarin abin da aka fi shagalta da shi, idan na zarafin duniya ne, ya faɗi ra’ayinsa a kansa, idan kuma na addini ne ya yi wa mutane wa’azi.[3] Misali, a cikin ƙarni na 18 da na 19 lokacin da aka himmatu kan ƙarfafa addini, waƙoƙin Hausa na wannan zamani duk sun ƙunshi wa’azi ne. A wajen tsakiyar ƙarni na 20 kuwa, lokacin da aka shagalta da yaƙin duniya na biyu, da ilimin zamani da siyasa da tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen Turai, an sami haziƙan marubuta waƙoƙi da suka waƙe waɗannan al’amurra, kamar Malam Sa’adu Zungur, Malam Mu’azu Haɗeja, Alhaji Mudin Sipikin da makamantansu.

To sai dai kuma, wannan zamani na ƙarni 21 ya zo ne da rikice-rikice da tashe-tashen hankula a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Hausa da ma Nijeriya baki ɗaya. Zaman lafiya ya kasa samun gindin zama, don haka aka sami wasu marubuta waƙoƙin Hausa waɗanda suka himmatu wajen waƙe sha’anin zaman lafiya, kama daga alfanun zaman lafiya, da hanyoyin tabbatar da zaman lafiya, da hanyoyin kariya daga aukuwan rikici, da illolin da ke tattare da rashin zaman lafiya, da makamantansu. Waɗannan abubuwa ne wannan takarda za ta mayar da hankali wajen nazarinsu kamar yadda marubuta waƙoƙin Hausa suka kalle su.

2.0 Ma’anar zama lafiya

Zaman lafiya a Bahaushen tunani shi ne, zama cikin natsuwa, da sakewa da rashin fargaba da tashin-tashina ta kowace fuska. Zama ne da ba ka cuta ba, ba a cuce ka ba. Zama ne na aminci ga ƙasa da waɗanda ke cikin ta, da waɗanda za su ziyarce ta, da waɗanda za su fice daga cikin ta, da waɗanda ke maƙwabtaka da ita. Zama ne da zai bai wa duk wanda ke cikin ƙasa ɗan asalin ta, da baƙnita na arziki, da ‘yan gudun hijirarta, da masu zaman mafakar siyasa a ciki, natsuwa da kuranye firgita a zukatansu. Zaman lafiya zama ne na ɗebe ɗammaha ga duk wata hayagaga da ruɓushi da ta da zaune tsaye da wata halitta za ta haddasa ga wanda ke cikin ta, face abubuwan da babu makawa aka ƙaddaro gare ta daga mai ƙaddarawa (Allah)[4].

A Ƙamusun Hausa (2006) ba a kawo ma’ana ɗaya da ta shafi kalmomin biyu ba, wato ‘zama da lafiya’, sai aka kawo ma’anonin kalmomin daban-daban kowane yana cin gashin kansa. Don haka aka bayyana ma’anar zama da “kasancewa zaune”, wato kishiyar tsayuwa, lafiya kuma aka bayyana ta da “rashin tashin hankali da hargitsi a wuri.” Saboda haka, idan aka dubi ma’anonin kalmomin biyu za a ga suna bayyana ma’anar zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali da rashin rigingimu da fitina a cikin jama’a.

Ibeanu (2006) ya kawo ma’anoni kamar guda biyar da suka shafi fannoni daban-daban na ilimi a kan zaman lafiya, ga su kamar haka:

Zaman lafiya na nufin rashin wanzuwar yaƙi; yaƙi kuma na nufin rashin wanzuwar zaman lafiya. Don haka, a koyaushe kalmomin biyu ba sa haɗuwa wuri ɗaya, dole a kiyaye su da yadda suke wakana a rayuwa.

A ma’ana ta ilimin falsafa kuwa (Philosophical definition), zaman lafiya na nufin rashin wanzuwar cin hanci ko rashawa a cikin al’umma kamar yadda Allah Ya tsara. Haka ma, ana iya cewa, zaman lafiya yanayi ne na kyakkyawar rayuwar al’umma a doron ƙasa da bai riga ya gurɓata ba.

A fannin ilimin walwalar rayuwa (sociological definition), zaman lafiya na nufin yanayin haɗin kan al’umma na rashin tashin-tashina a tsakaninsu. A wata faɗar kuma, zama lafiya na nufin wani yanayi ne na rashin wanzuwar rikice-rikice a tsakanin ɗaiɗaikun mutane ko ƙungiyoyi ta yadda za su iya samun damar biyan buƙatun rayuwarsu cikin lumana.[5]

A fannin siyasa kuma (political definition), kamar yadda Jami’ar zaman lafiya ta bayyana, zaman lafiya shi ne tsarin siyasa da ke tabbatar da wanzuwar adalci ga al’umma. Daga nan kuma marubucin ya bayyana ra’ayinsa kan ma’anar zaman lafiya yana cewa, zaman lafiya al’amari ne da ya shafi al’amurran da suka shafi bunƙasa da ci gaba kai tsaye ko a fakaice, da rage rikici a cikin wata al’umma da ma al’ummomin duniya baki ɗaya.[6]

Francis, (2006) yana cewa, zaman lafiya na nufin rashin wanzuwar yaƙi, tsoro, rikici, fargaba, wahala, da ta’addanci, da kuma wanzuwar lumana. Wato abu ne da ya shafi samuwa da ɗorewar adalci a cikin al’umma da kuma sasanta rikici ta hanyar ruwan sanyi.[7]

3.0 Sasantawa

Sasantawa (Conflict Resolution) wani al’amari ne mai muhimmancin gaske a rayuwar kowace al’umma. A duk lokacin da wasu rikice-rikice ko yaƙe-yaƙe ko tashin-tashina suka wanzu a tsakanin al’umma, hanya mafi dacewa da ya kamata a yi amfani da ita domin warware su cikin ruwan sanyi da kuma dawo da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa ita ce hanyar sasantawa ko yin sulhu a tsakanin masu husuma.

A ƙamusun Hausa (2006) an bayyana ma’anar sasantawa da shiga tsakanin masu husuma biyu, ko kuma sulhu.[8] A cikin Ƙamusun Oxford an kawo ma’anar sasantawa da cewa, yanayi ne na warware ko daidaita matsala, jayayya, da sauransu.[9]

4.0 Mafarin rikice-rikice

Duk wata matsala ko rikici da ya auku a rayuwa akwai musabbabin aukuwarsa, ko dai kai tsaye ko a fakaice. Marubuta waƙoƙin Hausa daban-daban sun bayyana wasu dalilai da ke haddasa rashin zaman lafiya a waƙoƙinsu na “zaman lafiya” waɗanda suka haɗa da:

4.1 Rashin adalcin shugabanni

Ba shakka, rashin adalcin shugabanni na taushe haƙƙin talaka, da tursasa shi, da yin ko-oho da muradun rayuwarsa, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rashin samuwar zaman lafiya da ake fama da shi a yau a ƙasar Hausa. Shugabanni sun kasance marasa gaskiya, da rashin amana, da rashin cika alkawali musamman ga ‘yan siyasar wannan zamani, da uwa-uba barazanar da ake yi wa rayuwarsu a kullu yaumin. Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 10 da 11 da 12 da 17, yana cewa:

Baiti na 10:

Masu iko sun yi ƙi-mudu-gus

Wajen bai wa talaka hatsin gus-gus

Su kuwa suna ta tauna gurus-gus

Hakan ya haifar da zaman ƙiyayya

 

Baiti na 11:

‘Yan siyasa suna alkawartawa

Idan sun ci zaɓe za ai morewa

Suna ci sai su zam ɓacewa

 Hakan ma na jawo hatsaniya

 

Baiti na 12:

Masu mulki suna sheƙa mulki

Wanda ya sa wasu ke take hakki

Almundahana, danniya da zulaƙi

 Wanda ta sa talaka yin gogayya

 

Baiti na 17:

Masu iko na fashi da muƙami

An bar talakawa cikin jimami

Da warin jiki mai tsabar hamami

 Ga ruwan hawaye na zuba a idaniya

4.2 Talauci da rashin aikin yi

Talauci da rashin aikin yi na daga cikin abubuwan da ke kassara rayuwar al’umma, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta idan ba a kai zuciya nesa ba, sai a faɗa ga aikata miyagun ayyuka waɗanda za su iya haddasa fitina da rashin zaman lafiya. Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta gasar waƙoƙin zaman lafiya a baiti na 57 da 58, ya bayyana rashin aikin yi na haddasa rashin zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma, yana cewa:

Baiti na 57:

Rashin aikin yi shi ka kawo

Zaman banza a yi gardama

 

Baiti na 58:

Da sannu abin ya game gari

Har ya watsu ƙasa ya ƙudan zuma

 Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 18 da na 19, ya bayyana talauci da rashin aikin yi daga cikin musabbabin hana zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma, yana cewa:

Baiti na 18

Talauci ya sanya fashi da makami

Kana gida ka ga ɓarayi da makami

A kan hanyar tafiya ma da makami

Ka bayar da kuɗi ka zauna lafiya

 

Baiti na 19

Matasa ba aikin yi sai zaga gari

Ba su da ko sule, balle zancen ɗari

Hakan kuwa ya sa su cikin garari

Wanda ya sa suke ta hatsaniya

5.0 Illolin rashin zama lafiya

Rashin zaman lafiya babbar musiba ce a rayuwar al’umma, domin yakan haddasa talauci da fargaba da taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki, da hasarar dukiyoyi da ma rayuwa baki ɗaya. Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 81 da na 82 da na 99 da na 100, ya bayyana irin illolin da ke tattare da rashin zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma, wanda ya haɗa da taɓarɓarewar ilimi da tattalin arzikin ƙasa, yana cewa:

Baiti na 81:

Kashe ilmi fitina ka yi

Duk ta ƙare manyan maluma

 

Baiti na 82:

Takan ƙare jama’ar ƙasa

Duk su tsere ba mai sallama

 

Baiti na 99:

Jidali na tauye darajar ƙasa

Ga idanun al’uma

 

Baiti na 100:

Ya toshe tafarkin arziki

Ba zama na lumana an gama

Shi ma Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta zaman lafiya a baiti na 5 da na 7 da na 15, yana bayyana irin illolin da rikicin Arewaci da Kudancin Nijeriya suka haifar, wanda suka haɗa da hasaran rayuka da dukiya, yana cewa:

Baiti na 5:

A Kudu maso gabas ana ta hatsaniya

Suna fasa bututun mai da hauragiya

Tattalin arziki ya zama koma baya

Muna cikin talauci ba zaman lafiya

 

Baiti na 7:

A Arewacin ƙasata har da Maiduguri

Ana ta rikici na addini babu tsari

Rayuka da dukiyoyi sun ɓata ba iƙirari

Wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙiyayya

 

Baiti na 15:

Rayuwa ta zam taɓarɓarewa

Al’amurra sun zam rikirkicewa

Komai da komai yai ƙazancewa

 Sai lahaula a ƙasata Nijeriya

6.0 Matsayin mai hana zama lafiya

Babu wata al’umma da ta aminta da mai tayar da ƙayar baya, balle ma ta yi masa tarbon arziki. Wannan ya sa duniya take kiran masu tayar da zaune tsaye da suna ‘yan ta’adda. Don haka ma Hausawa ke da karin maganar da ke cewa: “Maso faɗa wawa” da kuma “Fitina kwance take, Allah ya la’ani mai tayar da ita”. Malam Sambo Wali ya bayyana irin wannan matsayi na mai tayar da zaune tsaye a waƙarsa ta “Ku bar faɗa ku bar son yaya” a baiti na 13 da na 19, yana cewa:

Baiti na 13:

Faɗa halin matsiyaci ne don ba shi da komi

Baƙin cikin mutan kirki sun tattara komi

Shi bai aje ba ɓanna ba ta cin shi da komi

Mai arziki ka tsoron fitina ko bisa komi

Don ba ya son abin da duk ka lalata biɗatai

 

Baiti na 19:

Dut ‘yan ƙasarmu Afirka ban ɗebe guda ba

A bar faɗa a bar son yaya ba falo na ba

Mai hankali tunani yaka yi ba sababi ba

Faɗa halin matsiyaci na hauka shika wo ba

Ko mace na iza shi ga ɓannatai ya ga daidai

Shi ma Hamisu Lamiɗo wanda aka fi sani da Hamisu Iyantama, ya bayyana matsayin mai ta da fitina a cikin mutane a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na farko kamar yadda Malam Sambo Wali ya bayyana, yana cewa:

Baiti na 1:

Fitina kwance take hankali kwance ne

Duk wanda ya tashe ta shaiɗani ne

Tsinuwar Allah yai la’anta ne

Ga wanda duk ya ta da hankalin juna

7.0 Hanyoyin zama lafiya da sasantawa

Rubutattun waƙoƙin Hausa ba a bar su baya ba wajen ƙoƙarin bayyana hanyoyin da suka dace mutane su riƙa amfani da su domin ɗorewar zaman lafiya da sasantawa. Daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyi da marubuta waƙoƙin Hausa sukan bayyana a waƙoƙinsu akwai: Haƙuri da taimakon juna da son juna da kauce wa ruɗin duniya da neman ilimin addini da ilimin kimiyya da sauransu.

7.1 Haƙuri

A tunanina kalmar haƙuri a wannan bagire na nufin jurewa ko taushe zuciya idan aka yi wa mutum ba daidai ba ya yafe ko ya bar wa Allah. Haƙuri muhimmin sinadari ne da za a yi amfani da shi wajen samar da zaman lafiya da ɗorewarsa a rayuwar al’umma. Da mutane za su riƙa sa haƙuri a dukkan al’amurran rayuwarsu, da wasu fitintinu ba su addabe su ba. A waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya”, Bashir Musa Liman ya kawo bayanin haƙuri a baiti na 25 a matsayin hanyar zaman lafiya musamman dangane da rikice-rikicen siyasa da ya mamaye Hausawa a yau, yana cewa:

Baiti na 25:

‘Yan siyasa su san cewa

A zaɓe akwai ci da faɗuwa

In sun faɗi su zan haƙurewa

Haka zai haifar da zaman lafiya

Wannan baiti yana kira ne musamman ga ‘yan siyasa da ‘yan bangarsu da ke tayar da ƙayar baya idan ba su sami nasara ba. Kamata ya yi su bar wa Allah su ɗauki ƙaddarar faɗuwa, wata rana za su iya samun nasara.

7.2 Adalci ga Shugabanni

Duk al’ummar da ta ribantu da samun adilan shugabanni masu ƙoƙarin kyatata wa mabiya da kare martabarsu da ba su kariya ga duk wani abu da ka iya barazana ga zamantakewar rayuwarsu. Yin hakan zai sa zaman lafiya ya sami sukunin walwala, yayin da tashe-tashen hankula da rikice-rikice za su ƙaranta. Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta gasar waƙoƙin zaman lafiya a baiti na 13 da 27, yana cewa:

Baiti na 13:

A tabbata duk sha’anin ƙasa,

 ‘Yan ƙasa kowa ya tsunduma.

 

Baiti na 27:

Hukuma ya zama wajibi gun ki,

 Dole ki tashi ki ɗau tsuma.

Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 26, kira ya yi ga shugabannin siyasa da su sauke nauyin da aka aza musu na kare martaba da haƙƙoƙin talakawan da suke wakilta, domin yin hakan ne zai kawo ɗorewar zaman lafiyar al’umma. Ga abin da yake cewa:

Baiti na 26:

Su kuma waɗanda suka kai ga ɗarewa

Ga muƙami, kujera suna masu lilawa

To, su sauke nauyi da haƙƙin talakawa

Don a samu kyakkyawan zaman lafiya

7.3 Taimakon juna

A duk lokacin da al’umma suka haɗa kansu wuri ɗaya wajen taimaka wa junansu domin warware wasu matsaloli na rayuwa, ba shakka rayuwarsu za ta kyautata, kuma zaman lafiya zai sami filin baje kolinsa a tsakaninsu. Ga abin da Bashir Musa Liman ke cewa dangane da taimakon juna a baiti na 28 da na 30:

Baiti na 28:

Masu kuɗi ku zan taimakawa

Kayan masarufi ku zam bayarwa

Taimakon talaka ku ci gaba da yowa

Wannan zai sa a samu zaman lafiya

 

Baiti na 30:

Mu so juna, mu ƙaunaci juna

Mu ji tausayi, mu taimaki juna

Mu agaza, mu kyautata wa juna

Yin haka zai sa a zauna lafiya

7.4 Kawar da bambancin addini da ƙabilanci

Nuna bambancin addini da ƙabilanci na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa rikice-rikice da ruɗani a ƙasar Hausa, waɗanda suka jima suna ci wa mazauna ƙasar tuwo a ƙwarya. Sha’iri Farfesa Aliyu Muhammada Bunza a waƙarsa ta gasa mai suna “mu zauna lafiya” a baiti na 35 da 36 da 44 da baiti na 45, kira ya yi da a kauce wa tashin-tashinar addini da ƙabilanci domin jama’a su zauna lafiya, yana cewa:

Baiti na 35:

Dukkan masana a cikin Ɗariƙa

Izala Shi’a na gama

 

Baiti na 36:

Ku daina jidalin ƙungiyoyi

Da jayayya don mai sama

 

Baiti na 44:

Ƙabilanci cutarsa ya ƙaiƙayi

Tsami wane rama

 

Baiti na 45:

Yana kawo yaƙi ƙasa sai,

Ta tarwatsa babu wurin zama

Shi ma, Muhammadu Sambo Wali a waƙarsa mai suna “ku bar faɗa ku bar son yaya..” a baiti na 8 da na 11, kira ya yi da a guji nuna bambancin addini da ƙabilanci musamman tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. Ya nuna cewa, tun da Allah ya riga ya halitto mu wuri ɗaya, kamata ya yi mu haƙura mu zauna tare don mu amfana da juna. Ga abin da yake cewa:

Baiti na 8:

A bar faɗan ƙabilanci ban yarda da shi ba

Faɗan a tsarkake jinsi bai sahi da mu ba

Ubangijinmu yay yo mu ƙasa ɗai fa ki duba

Da yai nufin mu watse da bai yo haka nan ba

Nufin yakai mu amfana da junanmu gaba ɗai

 

Baiti na 11:

Nan da ɗai Musulmi muke mun tsere tsara

Bisa dole an ka mulke mu ga mulki na Nasara

Ku riƙe faɗin Lakum Dinukum ba ta da gyara

A nan akwai Kiristoci na bayyana saura

Ga zamantakewa kowa tashi ta fissai

Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 31, ya bayyana kawar da nuna bambancin waɗannan abubuwa biyu (addini da ƙabilanci) a zukatan al’umma, wani mataki ne na zaman lafiya da kawar da rikice-rikice, yana cewa:

Baiti na 31:

Idan muna so mu zam walawa

Ɓangaranci ya zamto mun wullarwa

Yarenci da ƙabilanci, mu zam kaucewa

Hakan zai sa a yi daddaɗar dariya

7.5 Kauce wa ruɗin duniya

Ko shakka babu, duk wanda ke biye wa ruɗin duniya zai iya faɗawa cikin halaka ko da-na-sani. Wannan ya sa da yawa daga cikin rikice-rikicen da ke addabar mutane akwai ruɗin duniya na biye wa son zuciya suna aikata masha’a ba tare da tunanin abin da zai biyo baya ba, mai kyau ko akasinsa. Wannan ya sa Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 33 da 34 da 35, yake gargaɗin mutane da su guji irin wannan ruɗi na duniya don a samu zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa:

Baiti na 33:

Jama’a mu guji ruɗin budurwar duniya

Ƙazamiya, mamugunciya, makauniya

Asharariya, ibilishiya, mayaudariya

Maƙaryaciya, mahillaciya, mazambaciya

 

Baiti na 34:

Ruɗinta ke haifar da ƙiyayya

Har ya zamto ana ta bugayya

Yaudararta ta wuce sanayya

Ta wani, bare a yi zancen dubayya

 

Baiti na 35:

Ya kamata mu yo tunani

Don tantance yanayin zamani

Don guje wa sharrin shaiɗani

Wanda ba ya son zaman lafiya

7.6 Ilimi

Samuwar ilimin addini haɗi da na zamani yana taimakawa ƙwarai wajen wanzar da zaman lafiya da sasantawa. Haka ma, rashinsa a cikin al’umma yana haifar da ruɗanin tashe-tashen hankula da wanzar da ƙiyayya. Haka kuma, samuwar tarbiyya tagari ga al’umma wani sinadari ne na dauwamar da zama lafiya a cikinsu. Wannan ya sa duk al’ummar da ta rasa kyakkyawar tarbiyya musamman ga matasa, tilas ayyukan ta’addanci da rashin zama lafiya su addabe ta. Har wa yau, Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 37, yana gargaɗin al’umma da su tashi tsaye wajen neman ilimi da kuma samar da tarbiyya domin rayuwa ta sami walwala da sakewa, yana cewa:

Baiti na 37:

A yi ilimin addini da na kimiyya

Kuma a ƙasa idan aka samu tarbiyya

Mu lura ƙasa za ta zauna lami lafiya

Da rayuwa ba kwan gaba, kwan baya

Dakta Aliyu Tilde ya yi irin wannan gargaɗi a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 35 ya ce a nemi ilimin addini da na zamani domin a sami zama lafiya da ci gaban tattalin arziki:

Baiti na 35:

Mu rungumi ilmu na dini da duniya

Ci gaba rizƙu don zaman lafiya

7.7 Haɗin Kai

A yayin da kawunan al’umma ya rarraba, kowa ya kama gabansa, tilas fitintinu da rashin zaman lafiya su wanzu a tsakaninsu. Haɗin kansu wuri ɗaya kuma, shi zai kawar da duk wata gaba da zogin zuci da kuma duk wani tashin-tashina da kawo zaman lafiya. Da ma Hausawa na cewa: “Hannu ɗaya ba ya ɗaukar jinka” Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta gasa mai suna “mu zauna lafiya” a baiti na 9 da na 10, ya bayyana haɗin kan al’umma daga cikin abubuwan da ke zaunar da su lafiya, yana cewa:

Baiti na 9:

Ku zamto ƙasa ɗai zuriya ɗaya

Zaman daɗi tamkar zuma

 

Baiti na 10:

Irin haka shi ke sa ƙasa

Haɓaka ya zamo ta kankama

Hamisu Iyantama a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” ya fito da wannan jigo na haɗin kai domin samun zaman lafiyar al’umma a baiti na 4 da na 10, yana cewa:

Baiti na 4:

Mu dena raba junanmu babu ci gaba

Ta kowace siga mu bar yin gaba

Idan Allah ya so ba zai bambanta mu ba

 Halittarmu sai ya yo kamannin juna

 

Baiti na 10:

Mu haɗa kai al’umma ɗaya kar mu rarraba

Muna kira mu jure wa halin juna

Mu zauna lafiya, mu zauna lafiya

Mu zauna lafiya tsakanin juna

7.8 Addu’a

 A duk lokacin da wani al’amari ya zama tarnaƙi ga rayuwar Hausawa, ya ƙi ci ya ƙi cinyewa, za ka iske an mayar da lamarin ga hannun Ubangiji ana yawaita addu’ar samun mafita domin kuɓutar da rayuwa ga irin barazanar da ake yi mata. Wannan ya sa marubuta waƙoƙin Hausa bayan sun bayyana irin hanyoyin zaman lafiya, sai kuma su biyo da addu’a ga mahalicci domin ya sa hannu cikin lamarin. Wannan shi ya haifar da yawaitar amfani da karin maganar Hausawa da ke cewa: “Allah ya ba mu lafiya da zaman lafiya”. Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman Lafiya” a baiti na 39 yana cewa:

Baiti na 39:

Roƙona ga Ubangiji Makaɗaici

Mai halitta har da iccen maɗacci

Wanda ya sa har abinci nakan ci

Ya sa ƙasata a yi zaman lafiya

 

Baiti na 40:

Tammat a waƙe na zo ƙarshe

Don alfarmar Annabin ƙarshe

Dace da ganinsa shi ne ƙarshe

Allah ya sa a samu zaman lafiya

Shi ma Aliyu Tilde ya yi makamancin wannan addu’a na samun zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa a cikin al’umma, a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 30 da 31 da 34 da 87, yana cewa:

Baiti na 30:

Ta’ala mashiryi ga ni gare ka

Ina zan ka roƙon zaman lafiya

 

Baiti na 31:

Gare ni da ‘ya’ya da mata dukkanmu

Da dangi abokai ga baki ɗaya

 

Baiti na 34:

Fitintinu na baya kaza na zamanu

Ka kare mu Jalla mu zam lafiya

 

Baiti na 87:

In yi sujuda in gode Allah

Ta’ala ka zaunar da mu lafiya

8.0 Amfanin zama lafiya

Haƙiƙa babu wani abu ɗaya mafi alfanu a rayuwar al’umma da ya kama ƙafar zaman lafiya. Sai da zaman lafiya basarake zai gudanar da mulkinsa a tsanake. Mai arziki ba ya more wa dukiyarsa idan babu zaman lafiya. Walwala ba ta samuwa ga talaka idan ba a zaune lafiya. Wannan ya sa Hausawa ke cewa: “Zama lafiya ya fi zama ɗan sarki, ko ma ya fi zama sarkin.” A kan haka ne marubuta waƙoƙin Hausa suke bayyana alfanun zama lafiya domin al’umma su rungume shi ta yadda za su ribanci rayuwarsu. Sha’iri Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta zaman lafiya, ya yi bayanin amfanonin zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma a baiti na 61 da na 62 da na 63, yana cewa:

Baiti na 61:

Ku bi ni da kyau in lisafo

Fa’ida ga zama bisa lalama

 

Baiti na 62:

Yana bunƙasar da ‘ya’yanta

Al’amurranta su kankama

 

Baiti na 63:

Sana’o’i su yawaita don arzikinmu

Ya zan ya dauwama

Idan aka yi nazarin waɗannan baituka za a ga suna nuni da cewa, idan aka samu zaman lafiya a ƙasa, komai zai haɓaka a samu ci gaba, kama daga tattalin arziki da abubuwan more rayuwa da sauran al’amurra.

Shi ma Dakta Aliyu Tilde a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” ya fito da amfanin zaman lafiya a matsayin arzikin da babu kamarsa a faɗin duniya a baiti na 32 da baiti na 33, yana cewa:

Baiti na 32:

Musulmi, Kirista Ta’ala Karimu

Haɗa mu zumuncin zaman lafiya

 

Baiti na 33:

Daɗe mu fahimta ta juna mu gane

Cikin arziki ba kamar zaman lafiya

Auwalu Anwar a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 4 da baiti na 8 da ke cikin littafin Gadar Zare, shi ma yana bayyana cewa, dukkan wani cigaban ƙasashen duniya da za a iya samu ya ta’allaƙa ne ga zaman lafiya. Ga abin da sha’irin ke cewa:

Baiti na 4:

Batun ci gaban duk ƙasashe haƙiƙa

Yana nan ga samun zaman lafiya

 

Baiti na 8:

Ku gane batun tattalin arzikinmu

Gudan ginshiƙinsa zaman lafiya

9.0 Naɗewa

Babu shakka, zaman lafiya wani al’amari ne da ke da matuƙar muhimmanci da amfani a tarihin rayuwar ɗan’adam. Babu wani mutum ɗaya mai arziki ko faƙiri (moro), basarake ko talaka ko mai mulki da zai sami ingantaccen rayuwa mai ɗorewa da sakewa ba tare da zaman lafiya ba. Babu wata al’umma da za ta sami ɗaukaka ko bunƙasa da cigaban tattalin arziki da siyasa da zamantakewa da walwala face tana gudanar da rayuwarta cikin ƙoshin zaman lafiya. Saboda haka ne za a iske duk wata al’umma da ta sami ci gaban rayuwa, haƙiƙa tana bisa turba ta zaman lafiya. Haka ma, duk wata al’umma ko ƙabila ko ƙasa da rikice-rikice da yaƙe-yaƙe da tashin-tashina suka mamaye ta, za a tarar al’amurranta sun taɓarɓare ko ma sun durƙushe baki ɗaya.

Manazarta

Bunza, A.M. (2015). “Labarin Zuciya a Tambayi Fuska: Saƙon Dariya ga Sasanta Tsaro a Farfajiyar Karatun Hausa”. Takardar da aka gabatar a Makarantar Harsuna, Sashen  Hausa na Kwalejin Ilimi ta Adamu Augie, Argungu.

Bunza, A.M. (2015). “Zama Lafiya Ya Fi Zama Ɗan Sarki: Shirin Tunkarar Zaɓen 2015 2015 a Nijeriya” Takardar da aka gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna sani kan kyautata zama  lafiya a zaɓen da za a gudanar a shekarar 2015 wanda ƙungiyar Orphans and Huffaz Educational Foudation Birnin Kebbi ya shirya.

Bunza, A.M. (2015). “Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro a Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato: Abin Koyi ga Shugabannin Zamaninmu”. Takardar da aka gabatar a taron yini ɗaya da Centre for Intellectual Services on Sokoto Caliphate ta shirya na faɗakarwa a kan muhimmancin tsaro da zaman lafiya.

Ezirim, G.E. (2009). “The Role of Civil Society in Conflict Management” in Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria: A Reader, Edited by Ikejiani-Clark M. Ibadan: Books Limited.

Francis, D.J. (2006). “Peace and Conflict Studies: An African Overview of Basic Concepts” in Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa, Edited by Shedrack Gaya Best. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited, Spectrum Housa.

Sani, S. (2007). The Killing Fields: Religious Violence in Northern Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books limited, Spectrum House.

Shehu, M. & Sani, A-U. (2019). Intra-Religious Conflicts within the Hausa Hausa-folk. In EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, (1)3, 145-150. https://www.easpublisher.com/get-articles/344.

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[1] Abdulƙadir Ɗangambo (1981) “Ɗaurayar Gadon Feɗe Waƙa” Maƙalar da ya gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna sani a Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero, Kanoshafi na 3.

[2] Alƙali Bello Giɗaɗawa (2006:174) Bargon Hikima. Cibiyar Nazarin Hausa, Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo University Sokoto.

[3] Alhaji Abubakar Ladan 1975:ix, Waƙar Haɗa kan Al’ummar Afirka. Ibadan: University Press Limited.

[4] Aliyu Muhammad Bunza 2015. “Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro a Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato: Abin Koyi ga Shugabannin Zamaninmu.” Takardar da aka gabatar a taron yini ɗaya da Centre for Intellectual Services on Sokoto Caliphate ta shirya na faɗakarwa a kan muhimmancin tsaro da zaman lafiya a ƙarƙashin koyarwar shugabannin Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato ranar Asabar 31 ga Janairu, 2015 da ƙarfe goma na safe.

[5] Domin ƙarin bayani, ana iya duba Shehu, & Sani, (2019).

[6] Oke Ibeanu 2006 “Conceptualising Peace” a cikin Introduction to peace and conflict studies in West Africa, page 255.

[7] David J. Francis, “Peace and conflict studies: An African overview of basic concepts” a cikin Introduction to peace and conflict studies in West Africa, 2006.

[8] Ƙamusun Hausa Wallafar Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero Kano, shafi na 393.

[9] Oxford Advanced Leaners’ Dictionary Seventh Edition, shafi na 1244.

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