Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum (1814- 2016) – KASHI NA 1

Abstract: The aim of this study focuses on the traditional titles of slaves in Katagum. It is based on this aim that the research was presented in five chapters. The first two chapters focussed on general overview of the work and relevant literatures related to this research. Chapter three has taken broader look at the historical background of slevary in Hausaland. After the historical survey, the research narrowed to the slave-only traditional titles in Katagum. This has seen the research scrutinising indepthly all the issues surrounding slave- only traditional titles in Hausaland even before the emergence of Katagum. Similarly, the research has scrupulously found out the findings of the work. The research found out that some traditional titles have become extinct. Against this backdrop, traditional instutition have been recommended to establish a special traditional titles office that will handle the historical facts of the kingdom/emirate and other traditional title holders.

Tsakure

Ƙudirin wannan aiki tunkarar Sarautun Bayi a ƙasar Katagum. Bisa ga wannan ƙudirin an kasa binciken zuwa babuka biyar. Goshin aikin ya tunkari gabatarwa da bitar ayyukan da suka gabace shi. Kashi na uku na aikin ya yi dogon share fage a kan tarihin bauta a ƙasar Hausa. Bayan an yi wa tarihi turke mai ma’ana sai aka dubi masarautar Katagum da sarautun bayi da ke ciki. Wannan ya nuna an ƙoƙarin kakkeɓe duk wata ƙura a tarihi da al’ada da bautar take ciki a ƙasar Hausa gabanin a yi ƙasar Katagum dubi na nutsuwa. Binciken ya yi kwakkwara da kammalawa wadda ta fito da ɗan sakamakon bincike da aka yi. Tabbas an gano cewa wasu sarautun gargajiya a fada sun soma ɓata. Don haka, tilas a farfaɗo ko ƙirƙiro wata sarauta cikin kowace masarauta a ƙasar Hausa da za ta kiyaye da tarihin sarautun masarautarta.

Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum (1814- 2016) – KASHI NA 1 

Muhammad Abubakar Zabi
muhammadabubakarzabi@gmail.com
08136844199

SADAUKARWA

Na sadaukar da wannan aiki ga mahaifana, Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Malama Hauwa’u Ahmad. Allah Ya ƙara musu lafiya tare da imani, amin. Allah Ya saka musu da tarbiyar da suka yi mana. Mun gode, Allah Ya biya.

GODIYA

Godiya mafificiya ta tabbata ga Allah maɗaukakin sarki, mamallakin sammai da ƙasai, wanda Ya raya mu Ya kuma ba mu ikon kawowa wannan mataki. Tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata ga manzon tsira, Annabi Muhammadu (Sallahu Alaihi Wasalam).

Babu shakka, mutane da dama sun ba da gudummawa wajen ganin wannan aiki ya kammala cikin nasara. Sai dai ambaton sunayensu duka ba zai yi wuya ba, ko da kuma an ambata godiyar fatar baki ba za ta gamsar ba. Sai dai addu‘ar Allah Ya saka wa dukkan wanɗanda suka taimaka da alheri.

Godiya ta musamman wadda ba za ta misaltu ba ga Malamina kuma jagoran duba wannan aiki Farfesa Aliyu Muhammadu Bunza, wanda duk da ayyuka masu dama da suke gabansa, amma ya kula ya kuma yi ta taimakawa wajen duba aikin da kuma gyare-gyare ga wannan bincike. Kazalika, ya yi ta ba da shawarwari masu dama tun daga farkon aikin har zuwa ƙarshensa. Ina roƙon Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.

Haka kuma, godiya marar misaltuwa ga Malamina kuma jagoran duba wannan aiki na biyu wato Dr. Abdullahi Sarkin Gulbi shi ma ya yi namijin ƙoƙari wajen ganin wannan aiki ya yi nasarar kammaluwa. Ba don haɗin kan da ya bayar ba, da wannan aiki bai tsayu da ƙafafunsa ba. Da fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna fiddausi, amin.

Ina miƙa godiyata ta musamman ga malamina jagoran duba aikin na uku, Farfesa Y. Y Ibrahim na Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci (Islamic Studies Department), wanda da taimakonsa aikin nan ya samu kai wannan mataki. Ina fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.

Bayan haka, ina mai matuƙar bayyana jin daɗina da godiyata ga shugaban Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya, Jami´ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Farfesa Atiku Ahmad Dunfawa, ina yi wa Malam fatar Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina godiya ga dukannin Malamaina na Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya na Jami`ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato. Waɗanda suka haɗa da: Farfesa Ibrahim Makoshy, da Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero Yahya, da Farfesa Haruna Abdullahi Birniwa, da Farfesa Ahmad Halliru Amfani, da Farfesa Salisu Ahmad Yakasai, da Farfesa Abdulhamid Ɗantumbishi, da Dr. Bello Bala Usman, da Dr. Ibrahim Sarkin Sudan, da Dr. Yakubu Aliyu Gobir, da Dr. Abdulbasir Ahmad Atuwo, da Dr.Yahya Idris, da Dr. Umar Aliyu Bunza, da Dr. Nasiru Aminu Kalgo, da Malam Naziru Ibrahim Abbas da Malam Sama’ila Umar da Malam Dano Balarabe Bunza da Malam Mustafa Muhammad da Malam Musa Shehu. Abokanin karatuna ma sun taimaka da shawarwari da addu’a na gode Allah Ya biya. Waɗanda ta hanyar basira da ilmi da kyakkyawar fahimtarsu na samu nasarar kammala wannan karatu.

Ba zan manta da Hakiman ƙasar Katagum ba, musamman Hakimin Itas da Hakimin Gamawa da Hakimin Sakuwa da Hakimin Gaɗau da kuma Hakimin Azare, da iyayen ƙasa na masarautar Katagum da kuma, Majalisar Masarautar Katagum wajen ba ni lokaci na musamman domin tattaunawa da su. Na gode Allah Ya saka da alheri, Amin. Gadiya ta musamman ga Sarkin Garinmu Alhaji Muhammadu Abdulkadir Madakin Zabi wanda ya taimaka wajen ba ni shawarwari da ƙarfafa mun guiwa wajen ganin kammaluwar wannan bincike, shi ma Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina miƙa godiya ga Ma`aikatar ilimin Firamare ta Giyaɗe, Jihar Bauchi da ta taimaka mun wajen ba ni damar tafiya wannan karatu. Allah Ya saka da alheri.

Ba zan manta da abokaina ba, waɗanda suka ba ni shawarwari tare da taimako na ƙara ƙarfin guiwa kan wannan karatu. Musamman irin su Malam Abdullahi Zabi da Muhammad Abubakar (Khalifa) da Umar Barde da Alhaji Muhmood Abba da Abduƙadir Namangi da Ibrahim Ɗanbaba da Ja’afar Bello da sauran Malaman da suke Makarantar Firamare ta Baduware. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka da alheri.

Bayan haka, godiya ta musamman ga abokan karatuna na wannan jami`a ta Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato. Irin su Ahmad Garba Aliyu da Jibrin Yusuf da Alhaji Musa Abdulrahaman da Malam Imam Abdullahi da Hajiya Zara‘u da Shamsudeen Isma’il da ma sauran waɗanda ban ambaci sunayensu ba. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya sa mu haɗa wannan karatu lafiya, Ya sanya mana albarka a cikinsa.

Daga ƙarshe, ina miƙa godiyata ga mahaifana Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Hauwa’u Ahmad. Sannan da matata Maijidda Bello da ‘Yayana Khadiji Muhammad Jaɓɓello. da Salmanu Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Al’amin Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Ibrahim Muhammad Jaɓɓello duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka musu da alheri amin. 

BABI NA ƊAYA

1.0 GABATARWA

1.1 Shimfiɗa

A duk inda aka samu al’umma suna zaune a wuri ɗaya, suna gudanar da rayuwarsu bai-ɗaya za a same su bisa wani tsari na musamman, wanda aka ɗora bisa wata ƙa’ida da aka amince da cewa, mutum guda ya zama shugabansu domin ya jagorance su. Irin wannan shugabancin, yakan bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri, saboda bambancin al’adun al’ummar da tsarin rayuwa ta yau da kullum da kuma fasalin muhalli. Zabi, (2012:01)

Maƙasudin wannan bincike shi ne, za a duba wani ɓangare ne na tsarin shugabanci a ƙasar Hausa musamman ma irin muƙaman da bayi kan riƙe a fada. Binciken mai taken: “Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum”, zai waiwayi irin gudunmuwar da suke bayarwa ta wajen raya ƙasa. Aikin ya keɓanta ne a ɓangaren ƙasar Katagum. A masarautar ma za a dubi tsarin sarautun bayin ne na ƙasar. Katagum ƙasa ce da ta yi suna a fagen yaƙe-yaƙe, domin an sami gwarazan Sarakuna da suka yi fice ƙwarai da gaske. Domin cimma nasarar aikin an karkasa shi babi- babi har zuwa babi biyar kamar haka: A babi na ɗaya an yi wa binciken shimfiɗa ne domin ya samu gindin zama sosai. A babi na biyu kuwa, bitar ayyukan da suka gabaci aikin ne domin tabbatar da sahihancinsa, ba tare da an yi canjaras ko maimaici ba. Haka yake, a babi na uku an kakkaɓe duk wata ƙura ta tarihi da al’ada da bautar take ciki a ƙasar Hausa gabanin a yi ƙasar Katagum. A babi na huɗu kuma sai aka dubi masarautar Katagum da sarautun bayi da ke ciki. Babi na biyar ya duba tsarin sarautu a ƙasar Katagum. Sannan a daga ƙarshe aka kammala aikin da kuma samun sakamakon bincike.

1.2 Muhimmancin Bincike

Bincike kowane iri ne yana da muhimmanci da zai iya ilimantarwa a kan wani abu da ba a sani ba, ko ya fito da muhimmancin wani abu don mutane su yi koyi, su amfana ko kuma ya fito da illar wani abu don mutane su guje shi. Saboda haka, shi ma wannan bincike yana da nasa muhimmanci.

Wannan bincike zai zama cikon gurbin wani abu ne da aka bari ba a yi aiki a kai ba, musamman wanda ya shafi sarautun bayi a fada. Haka kuma, irin wannan zai wayar da kan mutane da yawa da suke da jahilcin irin rawar da bayi ke takawa a tsarin sarautun gargajiyar Bahaushe. Haka kuma, binciken zai zama wani harsashi ne na kafa wani bincike kan sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum, kuma zai zamo hanya ce ta gina da bunƙasar al’adun al’umma. Rashin nazari a wannan fage ya ƙarfafa muhimmancin wannan binciken. Wannan bincike idan aka ci nasarar kammala shi, zai ilmantar da mutane musamman waɗanda ba su san bambance-bambace da yake tsakani sarautun bayi da sauran sarautun ba. Wata matsalar ma ita ce wasu da suke riƙe da irin waɗannan sarautu ba su san muhimmancinta ba, amma ta hanyar wannan nazari za su fahimci muhimmancinta sosai. Waɗanda suka sani kuma, zai zama tunatarwa ko kuma ƙarin haske ne a gare su. Har ila yau, idan wannan bincike ya sami karɓuwa, zai zama ci gaba ne a kan bincike da kuma rubuce-rubucen da idan akwai waɗanda suka fara yi a kan sarautun bayi, amma ba su samu kammalawa ba, wannan zai ƙara masu ƙarfin gwiwar ci gaba da nasu binciken da suka fara.

1.3 Manufar Bincike

1-      Wannan bincike yana ƙoƙarin gano ko zaƙoli sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum

2-      Haka kuma binciken yana son gano ayyukan sarautun bayi a ƙasar katagum a da, da kuma yanzu.

3-      Binciken zai yi ƙoƙarin gano irin tasirin da zamani ya yi a kan sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum

1.4 Farfajiyar Bincike

Kamar yadda sunan wannan bincike yake a kan “Saratun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum”, to binciken zai taƙaita ne a masarautar Katagum, wadda ke ƙarƙashin Ƙaramar Hukumar Katagum a Jihar Bauchi. Zai kuma taƙaita ne a sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum ta hanyar duban shin, mene ne sarautar take nufi? Wace irin rawa masu sarautar suke takawa ga ci gaban masarautar? Kuma ta wace hanya? Haka kuma aikin za a taƙaita shi ne kan sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum kawai, haka aikin zai yi duba ga tsoffin masarautun ƙasar Katagum wanɗanda suke tun lokacin Malam Zaki, wato kafin zuwan Turawa, ba tare da duba wasu Hakiman da aka ƙirkira bayan zuwan Turawa ba.

1.5 Hanyoyin Tattara Bayanai

Babu wani aiki wanda zai gudana ba tare da an shirya hanyoyin da za a bi wajen gudanarwa da shi ba. A wajen gudanar da wannnan bincike, za a bi hanyoyi da dama domin samun nasarar aiwatar da shi. A wannan aiki mai taken “Sarautun Bayi a ƙasar Katagum” za a yi hira da shugabannin al’ummomi na ƙasar Katagum, wato Hakiman ƙasar Katagum, da wasu daga cikin ‘yan majalisun su Hakiman.

Bayan haka, za a tattara bayanai da yin hira don gano tarihin al’ummomin, za a duba bayanai daga ɓangaren sarautun bayin. Ke nan, za a yi nazarin ayyuka da dama masu alaƙa da sarauta da kuma sarautun bayi waɗanda aka gabatar a lokuta daban-daban. An yi haka ne ta hanyar ziyartar ɗakunan ajiye littattafai a wurare daban-dabam. Irin waɗannan wurare sun haɗa da ɗakunan karatu na Jami’o’i kamar Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sokoto da Jami’ar Bayero Kano da Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya. Da kuma, Hukumar Tarihi da kyautata Al’adu na Jihar Bauchi da kuma, Hukumar adana Rubutataccen Tarihi na ƙasa a Kaduna. Da kuma, Waziri Junaidu gidan adana Tarihi na Sakkwato. Haka ma za a dudduba jaridu, da maƙalu, da mujallu da intarnet don samun ƙarin bayani.

1.6 Ra’in Bincike

Za a gudanar da wannan binciken ne bisa amfani da ra’in nazarin al’ada. Wannan ra’in, wani fage ne wanda ya ginu a kan yanayin zamantakewar rayuwa da tunanin ɗan Adam, da lissafi, da bayyana matsayin harshe a al’adar al’umma.

“Ɓurɓushin wannan mazhaba ya faro ne daga ayyukan

 Farfesa Immanuel Kant wanda ya rayu a ƙarshen ƙarni

 na sha bakwai (Ƙ17) zuwa cikin ƙarni na sha takwas

(Ƙ18). Daga cikin ayyukan Kant da suka shahara a

duniya sun haɗa da “The critique of pure reason on pedagogy,

logic, critique of practical reason, the metaphysical

element of ethics, waɗanda ya gina su a kan yanayin

 zamantakewar rayuwa da tunanin ɗan’adam, da lissafi

da bayyana matsayin harshe a al’adar al’umma”. Gusau (2015:47)

 

Wannan Ra’in nazarin yanayin zamantakewar rayuwa da tunanin ɗan Adam, ya samu waɗanda suka tasirunta ayyukansa kamar masana da manazarta irin su Hiroko Nishida da Michael Foucoult da Hilaire Belloeda Ronald Englefied da Jean Piaget (1920s) da Frederick Barttett (1930s) da Lipset (1993) da Nishidi (1999) da kuma sharifian (2000) da sauransu.

Dangane da inda Ra’in ya fuskanta kuwa, Kant; ya nuna cewa Ra’in ya ta’allaƙa ne a kan yanayin zamantakewar ɗan Adam da kuma wasu muhimman rukunan rayuwa na al’umma.

Haka kuma, za a gina Ra’in ne da zummar cewa zai duba yadda sarautun bayi suke a ƙasar Katagum da ma ƙasar Hausa baki ɗaya. Da ma, kuma a kan yi amfani da wannan Ra’in ne domin gano irin zamantakewar al’umma, da wasu al’adu na al’umma. Wannan ɗan bayani da aka kawo shi ne abin da Ra’in yanayin zamantakewa yake ƙoƙarin fayyacewa, wato ƙoƙarin danganta yadda tsarin sarauta da kuma yanayin sarautun bayi suke a tsakaninsu, ta fuskoki da dama. Ma’ana, Ra’in yana nuni da yanayi ne na gudanar da yanayin zamantakewar al’umma.

1.7 Naɗewa

Wannan babi ya ƙunshi shimfiɗar binciken da za a gudanar. A cikin shimfiɗar akwai bayanai a kan muhimmancin bincike da dalilan gudanar da bincike, da kuma hanyoyin da za a bi wajen gudanar da binciken. Ya kuma yi bayanin muhallin ko farfajiyar da binciken ya ƙunsa, da irin ra’in da za a aza binciken a kai.