Kadan Daga Cikin Gudunmawar Noams Chomsky A Fagen Harshe

 Kaɗan Daga Cikin Gudunmawar Noams Chomsky A Fagen Harshe

Abubakar Sarki ASUK

HAIHUWARSA A TAƘAICE:

An haifi Abram Noam Chomsky a Philadelphia ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1928. Mashahurin Farfesa na Linguistics a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, masanin ilimin sadarwa, an gane shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa nahawu mai canzawa

WASU DAGA CIKIN GUDUNMAWARSA:

Kasancewar Chomsky masani ne a fagen harshe, kuma idan aka yi la’akari da irin tarihin rayuwarsa kama daga karatunsa zuwa rubuce-rubucensa za a fahinci cewa akwai gudummawar da ya ba da daman gaske ga al’umma musamman a ɓangaren harshe waɗanda ba za a iya ƙididdige adadinsu ba amma an binciko wasu daga cikin irin gudummawar da ya ba da kamar haka:

1. Ya fito da matakin ma’ana iri biyu (zurfafa abin da aka faɗa da kuma na farfajiya) wato “deep structure and surface structure” shi deep structure na nuni da abin da yake cikin zuciyar kowane mai amfani da harshe, sannan surface structure kuma ya shafi yadda sadarwa take gudana.

2. Ya kuma nuna Bambanci  tsakanin competence da performance wato (iyawa) da

(aiwatarwa) ya ce competence (iyawa) na nufin muhimmin ilmi a harshe, shi kuma performance (yi/aiwatarwa) na nufin ainihin yadda harshe ke amfani a zahiri.

3. Shi ya ƙirƙiro da hanyar sabunta Nahawu wato (Transformation Generative Grammar) wanda a ka mayar zuwa Transformational Analysis ma’ana tsarin sabuntawa wanda ke bayyana tsarin jimla a harshe.

4. Ya taimaka wajen fito da hanyar nazari da warware jimla a harshe da ake wa take da “Syntactic Analysis” daga cikin Government and Binding Theory Ya sake fito

da ra’ayinsa na karyata cewa mutum na samun harshe ne ta kwaikwayo, a wurinsa abin da ya bayyana a fili wajen samun harshe wani abu ne da ya fi matsayin kwaikwayo.

5. Ya yi aiki a ɓangaren ilmin tsarin sauti da kuma ilmin sautin harshe wanda aka wa rajista cikin kundin ilmin sautin harshe.

Chomsky ya yi aikace-aikace kala-kala ba ma a ɓangaren harshe ba har da sauran fanfonin limi da dama.

Na buga tarihin rayuwarsa da wasu aikace-aikacensa a cikin muryar audio ga mai buƙata zai iya tuntuɓa ta.