Danbalade Morai Da Wakokinsa

Kundin bincike da aka gabatar a Sashen Koyar Da Harsuna Da Al’adu, Tsangayar Fasaha Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, don samun shaidar kammala digiri na ɗaya (BA.HAUSA), 2021.

Danbalade Morai Da Wakokinsa

HUSSAINI YARI MORAI

SADAUKARWA

Wannan bincike da mu ka gudanar mun sadaukar da shi ga iyayenmu Abubakar Yari Morai, da kuma iyalenmu, Malama Rabi’atu A. Abdullahi Morai, tare da malaminmu Dokta Adamu Rabi’u Bakura kuma shugaban sashen nazarin harsunan Nijeriya, a Jami’ar Tarayya da ke Gusau. da kuma duk wani mai ra’ayin habakar da cigaban harshen Hausa.

GODIYA

Dukkan godiya ta tabbata ga Allah Ubangijin talikkai tsira da aminci su tabbata ga Manzonsa shugabanmu Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) mu na gode masa da ya ba mu ikon farawa da kuma kammala wannan bincike.

A tashin farko, mu na miƙa kyakkyawar godiyarmu ga iyayenmu da su ka dauki dawainiyarmu tun mu na yara har muka shiga makaranta har zuwa wannan lokaci da mu ke a yanzu da yin wannan bincike.

Haka kuma mu na miƙa kyakkyawar godiyarmu ga malaminmu Dokta Adamu Rabi’u Bakura kuma shugaban sashen nazarin harsunan Nijeriya, a Jami’ar Tarayya da ke Gusau. wanda ya dauki dawainiyar dubawa da kuma yin gyare-gyare domin ganin wannan bincike ya yi nasara kuma ya karɓu ga idon jama’a.

Haka kuma mu na miƙa godiyarmu ga dukkan malamman wannan sashen nazarin harsunan Najeriya a Jami’ar Gwamnatin Tarayya da ke Gusau, domin irin taimakon da su ka ba mu wajen ganin cewa wannan bincike ya yi nasara.

Godiya ta musamman ga ‘yanuwana musamman Alhaji Saminu ganin irin kulawar da ya bani ta hanyar shawarwari da abin hannunsa domin ganin wannan karatu ya yi nasara, haka kuma bazan taɓa mantawa da Malan Danlami A. Garba Morai, shima duk da ya na sashen harshen Fransanci amma ya taka gagarumar gudunmuwa, da ya ke bahaushe ne me kishin harshen Hausa. Bisa ga haka ya yi tsayin daka domin ganin cewa ya taimaka ma na domin cimma nasarar wannan bincike Allah saka da alkhairi.

Daga ƙarshe, mu na miƙa godiyarmu ga sauran jama’a na kusa da na nesa da ba suji mun kawo sunan su ba a cikin wannan tsari domin ba ma iya kawo kowa a cikin wannan kundin bincike. Allah ya sakawa kowa da mafificin alkhairi Amin summa Amin.

BABI NA ƊAYA

GABATARWA

1.0 Shinfiɗa

Dukkan gadiya ta tabbata ga Allah, Madaukakin sarki, wanda a cikin ikonsa ne da iyawarsa da baiwarsa ya halicci dan Adam har ya ba shi hankali, da harshe da hazaƙa. Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata ga mafificin daraja da hikima Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W). A wannan babin za a kawo munufar bincike da hasashen bincike da matsalolinsa. Haka za a bayyana muhimmancinsa da hanyoyin da za abi wajen aiwatar da binciken daga ƙarshe a zo da naɗewa.

1.1. Manufar Bincike

Manufar wannan bincike ita ce samar da wani kundi da zai gano jigogi da salailai na waƙoƙin maza a waƙoƙin Danbalade Morai, tare da zayyana irin rawar da waƙoƙinsa ke takawa cikin, adabin Hausa. Nazari a kan waƙoƙin yandambe ko kaɗan ba su kama ƙafar sauran takwarorinsu na waƙa ba, misali waƙoƙin sarauta wadanda har zuwa yau akwai masu ƙoƙarin nazari da bincike a kan wani abu daga cikinsu domin bunƙasa su, wannan dole, shi ya sa muka ga ya dace mu yi wani ƙwaƙƙwarar nazari a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa, gwargwadon ikonmu. Bayan haka tabbas manufar wannan bincike ita ce taimakawa wajen raya adabin Hausa, da kuma bar ma na baya tarihi da abin koyi da ƙara harzuƙa su dan su tashi tsaye gadan-gadan domin ganin anci gaba da raya wannan adabi na Hausa.

1.2. Hasashen Bincike

An yi hasashen cewa, idan wannan aiki ya samu kammaluwa zai taimaka wajen raya harshen Hausa, dan haka ya sa mu muka zaɓi rubuta kundinmu game da nazarin Danbalade Morai da wakokinsa. Domin waƙoƙin Hausa na da muhimmanci kwarai ga rayuwar Hausawa. Waƙa ta baka ko rubutatta, kamar yadda muka sani tun ba yau ba, ita ce hanya mafi sauki da ake bi wajen isar da saƙo ga Jama’a.

A ƙarshe, muna hasashen binciken mu zai ba mu damar cika ƙa’idoJi da a ka shinfiɗa na neman takardar shaidar digiri (B.A. HAUSA) a sashen nazarin harsunan Najeriya a Jami’ar Gwamnatin Tarayya dake Gusau.

1.3. Farfajiyar Bincike

Aikin binciken da za a gudanar ya shafi waƙoƙin baka na makaɗan Hausa. Saboda haka za a yi nazari ne a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa daga farko har karshen aikin.

Haka kuma, aikin zai tsaya a farfajiyar jigogi da salai-lai waƙoƙinsa. Haka binciken zai zaƙulo yanayin rayuwar Danbalade Morai musamrnan yadda ya koyi sana’arsa ta waƙa da ire - iren waƙoƙinsa.

Duk da kasancewar aiki zai gudana a fannin waƙoƙinsa. na noma, sarauta da kuma dambe.

1.4. Matsalolin Bincike

Kamar yadda aka sani cewa babu wani aiki da za a gudanar ba tare da anyi karo da matsaloli ban an da can, musamman a kan aikin bincike. Danbalade Morai, ya yi fuce akan kawo cigaban harshen Hausa ta fannin adabin baka. Amma manazarta da ma su bincike a kan Harshen Hausa bas u maida hankali ba wajen bincike ko nazari a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa. Kuma ko da anyi ba su yi yawa ba. Wannan ya sa na ci karo da matsaloli daban – daban a kan wannan binciken.

Ganin irin matsalolin da na fuskanta wajen wannan bincike, ya ƙara ba ni ƙarfin guiwa ganin cewa manazarta ba su yi yawa ba wnnan fagen binciken. Dan haka wannan aikin zai taimakama na tafe ma su sha’awar nazari a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa.

1.5. Muhimmancin Bincike

Muhimmancin bincike shi ne bayyana matsayi da fasahar dake akwai a cikin waƙoƙin Danbalade Morai, dangane da haka, waƙoƙin Danbalade Morai wani babban madubi ne na Kallon rayuwar Hausawa. Haka kuma muhimmancin wannan bincike ya haɗa da yin sharhi gameda ma’ana akan waƙoƙin Danbalade Morai a kasar Hausa.

1.6. Hanyoyin Gudanar Da Bincike

Hanyoyin da aka bi don gudanar da wannan bincike su ne :- Ganawar da aka yi da abokan sana’arsa ido- da- ido, kamar hira da muka yi da wani yaron Danbalade da ake kira Muhammadu Danbiki a garin Morai 5/2/2020 a gidansa da ke garin Morai. Sa’annan kuma an gana da wani yaronsa kuma mai yi ma sa banbaɗanci mai suna Sani kwazo Morai 06/3/2020, da kuma hirar da muka yi da Mu’awiya ɗanshi wanda ya gade shi 27/3/2020.

1.7. Nadewa

Wannan babi wanda shine na farko a cikin tsarin wannan aiki an kawo abubuwa da dama wanda suke sune muhimman bayanai na shimfida. Da farko an kawo gabatarwa da Shinfiɗa, Manufar Bincike, Hasashen Bincike, Farfajiyar Bincike, Matsalolin Bincike, Muhimmancin Bincike, Hanyoyin Gudanar Da Bincike da kuma Naɗewa.

BABI NA BIYU

BITAR AYUKKAN DA SU KA GABATA

2.0 . Shinfiɗa

Wannan babi wanda shine na biyu a cikin tsarin wannan aiki za mu kawo abubuwa wanda suke su ne muhimman bayanai kamar haka ; Shinfiɗa bitar ayukkan da su ka gabata, hujjar cigaba da bincike, da kuma naɗewa.

2.1. Bitar ayukkan da suka gabata

Hausawa na cewa “waiwaye adon tafiya” duk aikin da za a yi, ya kamata a yi bitar ayyukan masana da manazarta da su ke da alaƙa da wannan aiki ko su ka yi kama da shi, da nuna hanyar suku bambanta da wannan aiki. An nazarci kundaye, mujallu da kuma littattafai. Ayyukan da aka nazarta waɗanda ke da nasaba da wannan aiki su ne:-

Garba keku (1992) a kundinsa da ya rubuta a kan rayuwa Salisu Jankidɗi, ya yi tsokaci ne a kan waƙoƙin Salisu Jankiɗi, a inda aka yi bayanin asalinsa, haihuwarsa, kurciyarsa da kuma tasowarsa, fara waƙarsa da kuma shahararsa. Haka kuma an yi bayani a kan sarakunan da ya yi zamani da su, da kuma sarautar da Sarkin Musulmi da ya naɗa shi. An kuma bayyana yadda ya ke shirya waƙoƙinsa tare da matsayin waƙoƙinsa ga wasu sauran waƙoƙi, sannan an yi bayanin shaharsa a wajen kida da kuma jigon waƙoƙinsa wadanda su ka ƙunshi yabo, zambo, habaici, zuga, da kirari da kuma salon waƙoƙinsa na mai-maitawa da aron kalmomi.

Shi kuma Alhaji Lawal Faruku (1997) a kundin da ya rubuta a kan rayuwar Ƙwazo Bagega da waƙoƙinsa, nazarin waƙoƙin Ƙwazo Bagega aka yi, a inda a ka bayyana tarihinsa tun daga haihuwarsa har tsufansa, an bayyana yadda yake tsara waƙoƙinsa da jigogin waƙoƙinsa da salon waƙoƙinsa tafuskar sarrafa harshe daga karshe aka kawo jerin wasu waƙoƙinsa.

Yayin da Abdurrahaman da Ahmad na Baba Tsafe, da Attahiru Rufai Gwandu (1993) a kundinsu da suka rubuta a kan rayuwar Sani sabulu na kanoma da waƙoƙinsa a inda a ka bayyana tarihinsa tun daga haihuwarsa har tsufansa, an bayyana yadda yake tsara waƙoƙinsa da jigogin waƙoƙinsa da salon waƙoƙinsa tafuskar sarrafa harshe daga karshe aka kawo jerin wasu hikimominsa

Har ila yau mun dubi wani kundi da Muhammad Y. Nasarawa da na Muhammad Khalid (1997) Nazari a kan Alhaji Abdu- inka Bakura da waƙoƙinsa. A nan ma an bayyana yadda yake tsara sana’arsa ta waƙa da jigogin waƙoƙinsa da salon waƙoƙinsa tafuskar sarrafa harshe daga karshe aka yi fashin baki a kan waƙoƙinsa.

Ashiru (2001) kundin digiri na farko mai taken: “Jigon kishi a cikin rubutattun waƙoƙin Soyayya” wannan kundi ya yi tsokaci kan kishi da abin da ke haifar da kishi, tsakanin namiji da mace. Wannan aiki yana da alaa da nawa domin kishi jigo nea cikin jigogin soyayya. Bayan haka kuma a waƙoƙin soyayya da za ayi nazari akwai jigon kishi, amma waƙoƙin wanɗanda Sadi Sidi Sharifai ya yi ne. Saboda haka wannan aiki ya sha bamban da nawa aikin.

Muhammad. (2010) kundi mai taken “Kalaman cikin waƙoƙin soyayya, gaskiya ko ru]i” An yi wannan aiki ne don neman digirin farko a sashen koyar da Harsunan Nigeriya Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato. A cikin wannan aikin an yi ƙoƙarin bayyana irin rawar da marubuta da masu rera waƙoƙin soyayya na Hausa ke takawa, musamman wajen salo a cikin waƙoƙin. Shi ma wannan aiki yana da ala}a da nawa tunda a kan wakokin soyayya ya gudana. Amma ni nawa ya sha bamban da shi, saboda a kan wakokin Alhaji Danbalade da waƙoƙinsa ne na Sarauta, Noma da kuma Dambe. zan yi shi.

Umar, (2011) a cikin kundinsa na neman digirin farko a sashen Harsunan Nigeriya Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato, mai taken “Salo da Sarrafa harshe a cikin waƙoƙin Ibrahim Aminu Dandaso, na Aliyu magatakarda Wamakko. A cikin wannan aiki, an yi ƙoƙarin fito da salailai daban – daban da ma’anar Salo da mahimmancinsa da Sauransu. Shi ma wannan aiki ya na da alaƙa da nawa ta fuskar salo kawai duk da cewa shima a kan waƙoƙin wani ya yi. Ni kuma a kan waƙoƙin Sarauta, Noma da Dambe nawa aikin zai gudana, inda za a kalli jigoginsu da salailansu.

Hamza, (2011) a kundinsa na neman digirin farko a sashen koyar da Harsunan Nigeriya Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato, mai taken Salo da sarrafa harshe a waƙoƙin Aminuddeen Ladan Abubakar (ALA). Aikin ya bayyana Salo da ire – irensa duk a cikin waƙoƙin Ala. Shi ma wannan ya yi tarayya da nawa aikin ta fuskar salo, sai dai shi wannan a kan wakokin ALA ya gudana, ni kuma nawa a kan wakokin Alhaji Danbalade Morai zai gudana.

Yahaya, (2001) a cikin littafinsa mai suna “Salo Asirin waƙa” a ciki ya yi bayanin ma’anar salo a cikin waƙa. Sannan kuma ya bayyana muhimmancin salo, bayan wannan kuma ya yi bayani akan sauran dabarun sarrafa harshe kamar, Jinsarwa, kamance, kinaya, zayyana da makamantansu. Wannan aiki na da dangantaka da nawa, sakamakon salo da za a kalla a cikin waƙoƙin wakokin Alhaji Danbalade Morai da kuma kawo ma’anar shi salon.

Bunza, (2009) a Lttafinsa mai suna “Narambaɗa” ya kawo tarihin Narambaɗa da ƙoƙarinsa, da fito da ma’anar Salo da ire – irensa. Da sauran abubuwan da ake iya samu cikin waƙa. Wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da nawa duk da cewa kan Narambaɗa aka yi shi, amma tun da an kalli salo da ma’anarsa to ya na da alaƙa da nawa sosai da sosai saboda ya kawo tarihin Narambaɗa da ƙoƙarinsa, sai dai ni a kan Alhaji Danbalade Morai da ƙoƙarinsa aikina zai gudana.

Bisa la’akari da ayyukan da suka gabata, na kundaye har zuwa littattafai, za a samu cewa ba wani aiki da ya yi daidai da nawa, saboda an yi wasu ayyuka akan wasu mawaƙa daban, ko ma a kan wani abu da ya shafi Soyayya.

Dan haka, ko da akwai wasu ban – bance - ban – bance a tsakanin su, wadannan makaɗa da Alhaji Danbalade Morai kadan ne, Saboda shi dai makadin yan dambe ne kuma sana’ace ta maza. Amma Alhaji Danbalade Morai ya na waƙoƙin. Sarauta da kuma noma., duk da ya fi ba da ƙarfi ga waƙoƙin dambe domin gare su ya yi fice har duniya ta san shi..

Daga karshe mun dubi wadannan ayukka ne domin mu ga yadda magabata su ka gudanar da bincike da kuma abin da bincike yakunsa da irin hanyayin da ya kamata mai bincike ya bi da kuma kariyar harshe daga salwanta.

2.2. Hujjar cigaba da bincike

Za a ci gaba da wannan bincike ne, Sakamakon ba wani aiki da aka taɓa samu wanda aka aiwatar a kan wannan fasihi, duk da cewa an yi aiki a kan waƙoƙin Sarauta, Noma da Danbe da dama, amma ba a yi a kan Alhaji Danbalade Morai ba. Kuma ko da har in an yi Ni nawa nazarin ya sha bamban da na sauran manazarta.

2.3. Naɗewa

Wannan babi a cikin sa ne aka kawo bitar ayukkan da su ka gabata, a inda a ka fara shi da shimfiɗa, a ka yi tsokaci a kan wasu kundayen kammla karatu da Littafai na magabata, duk a cikinsa ne a ka kawo hujjar cigaba da wanan binciken, da kuma naɗewa.

BABI NA UKU

FASHIN BAKI A KAN MA’ANONIN DA SUKA SHAFI TAKEN BINCIKE

3.0. Shinfiɗa

A wanana babi za a kawo ma’anonin da suka shafi taken bincike, a inda za mu fara da shinfiɗa, ma’anar waƙa, ire – iren waƙa, ma’anar jigo da ire-irensa, zubi da tsari da kuma ma’anar salo da ire-irensa tare da cikakken misalai sai kuma naɗewa .

3.1. Ma’anar waƙa

Masana daban-daban sun bayar da ta’arifin waƙa rubutacciya, wanda zamu iya cewa duk sun haɗu kan cewa waƙa wata maganar hikima ce. Tsara ta ake yi, ana zaɓen kalmomi da za a gina ta da su. Daga Dokta Ahmad Isah Magaji, acikin nazarinsa na kundin Digiri na biyu wanda ya yi a Jami’ar Bayero dake Kano a shekara ta (1982).

Waƙa wata abu ce da ake shirya maganganu daki-daki cikin azanci da nu na ƙwarewar harshe. An ciro wannan bayani ne daga, Gusau, S. M. Nazarin Zaɓaɓɓun waƙoƙin baka na Hausa, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero. (1984).

Waƙa ita ce tsararriyar maganar hikima, da ta ƙunshi saƙo cikin zaɓaɓɓin kalmomi masu azanci, da aka auna don maganar ta reru, ba wai a yi faɗarta ba kawai. (Yahaya, A.B. 2001).

Waƙa wai salo ne da aka gina shi akan tsarriyar ƙa’ida ta baiti, ɗango, rerawa, ƙari, (bahari), amsa-amo (ƙafiya) da sauran ƙa’idojin da suka shafi dai-daita kalmomi, zaɓaɓɓu da ake amfani da su cikin jigogin da ba lallai ne haka suke a maganar baka ba. Dangambo, A (.2017). https.//m.facebook.com.permalink.

3.2. Ire – Iren waƙa

Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa sun shiga ko’ina a dukkan bangarorin rayuwar Bahaushe. Waƙar baka takan yi ruwa ta yi tsaki a duk inda ta ga Bahaushe ya jefa kafarsa. Kasancewar waƙoƙin baka suna da wannan halayya ta ratsa kowane zango na rayuwar Hausawa ya sa suka zama suna tafiya daidai da rayuwar yara kanana da matasa da kuma manyan mutane, maza ko mata. Za a iya karkasa wakokin baka na Hausa zuwa gida-gida kamar haka:

3.2.1. Waƙoƙin Baka Na Yara

Wannan nau’i na waƙoƙi ya ƙunshi sassan waƙe-waƙe da yawa waɗanda yara ‘yan maza da ‘yan mata suke gudanarwa da suka haɗa da Waƙoƙin wasannin dandali da wasannin tashe da wasan kwaikwayo da bikin aure da sallar takuutaha da roƙon ruwa da sauransu. Ga wasu misalansu:

3.2.2. Waƙoƙin Yara Maza

Waƙoƙin yara maza su ne waɗanda suke shiryawa a lokacin da suke wasansu na dandali. Irin waɗannan Waƙoƙi akan sami jagora mai bayarwa, sauran yara kuwa suna karɓawa, kamar a waƙar sha burburwa:

Bayarwa: Shaburburwa,

Amshi: Sha.

Bayarwa: Kowa ya bace,

Amshi: Sha.

Bayarwa: A sha shi da kulki,

Amshi: Sha.

Bayarwa: Kulkin kira,

Amshi: Sha.

Bayarwa: Ba na aro ba,

Amshi: Sha.

Bayarwa: Ku ba shi gidanai,

Amshi: Sha.

Bayarwa: Har ya kawo,

Amshi: Sha. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983).

3.2.3. Waƙoƙin ‘Yan Mata

Waƙoƙin ‘yan mata su ma nau’i-nau’i ne, kuma su ne ake kira wakokin gaɗa ko na bojo. Su ma ‘yan mata suna gudanar da wasanninsu ne a dandali ko a wasu wurare na musamman kamar a wajen bikin aure ko bikin sallar takutaha ko lokacin rokon ruwa ko tashe a watan azumi da sauransu. Misalan waɗannan waƙoƙin akwai kamar haka:

3.2.4. Waƙar Talle

Bayarwa: Amshi:

Maina ya kone talle

Ba da talle ba talle

Jirkita mani talle

In ciwo kashi. talle Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983)

3.2.5. Waƙar Sabara:

Bayarwa: Amshi:

Na tai tsarince, Sabara

Magarya tai mani jar tsikara, Sabara

lye, lye, lye Sabara

Magarya ba haka nan akan yi ba, Sabara

lye, iye, iye, Sabara

‘Yar bakin gulbi, Sabara

Ta yi liya-liya, Sabara

Ku yayyafa mata ruwa, Sabara

Shaf, shaf, shaf, Sabara

Ka dauko naka ka tura daka, Sabara

Ka dauko dan wani kai ta damfara Sabara. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa

3.2.6. Waƙoƙin Baka Na manyan Mata:

Waƙoƙin baka na manyan mata su ne waƙoƙin da yawanci mata suke yin su a lokacin da suke aiwatar da wasu ayyukan gida. Manyan mata suna yin waƙoƙin a lokacin daka ko raino ko dabe ko nika ko wanƙe-wanke da sauran lokuta na gudanar da wasu hidimominsu na yau da Kullum. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa

3.2.7. Waƙoƙin Daka :

Waƙoƙin daka su ne waƙoƙi waɗanda mata suke yi lokacin da suke daka inda za su dinga gwama tabarya da turmi, sai su ba da sautin da ake kira lugude ko mama, misalin waƙar daka ita ce:

Ana lugude ana mama,

Cikin shigifa cikin soro,

Mama ba habaici ce ba,

Salon daka a haka nan,

Ga macen da ba a so ta haihu,

Ta haifi kwandamin da namiji,

Shugaban daka shi ka daka,

‘Yan tanyo kissa su kai,

Sukus-sukus sai su aje,

Gidan Marafa kaji ka daka,

Tarmani na izon wuta,

Angula na kirba dawo. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa

3.2.8. Waƙoƙin Reno

Waƙoƙin reno su ne waɗanda mata suke yi a lokacin da suke rainon yara suna yi musu tawai don su yi shiru su bar kuka a kwantar da hankalinsu a sanyaya musu rai. A cikin waƙoƙin akan faɗi nasabar yaro da ayyukan da ake yi a gidansu da yabon masoya da zambo da habaci ga maƙwabta in akwai su. Ga misali: Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa

Yi shiru bar kuka,

Ku taho ku gane shi,

Ku yo ziyara,

Dan yaro sai dai bi ka. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa

3.2.9. Waƙoƙin Daɓe

Waƙoƙin dabe su ne waƙoƙin da manyan mata suke yi a lokacin da suke aikin daɓe Yawanci waƙoƙin daɓe sukan ƙunshi bege da zambo da habaice-habaice da kalmomin batsa da na zage-zage da sauransu. Ga misali:

Ina Lumu shege,

Mai malmala ga munta,

Kare bakin bahwade,

Ya hana mu walawa. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa

3.2.10. Waƙoƙin Niƙa

Waƙoƙin niƙa su ne waƙoƙin waɗanda mata suke yi lokacin da suke nikan tsaba a kan dutsen nika na gargajiya.Waƙoƙin sun ƙunshi begen miji ko wani masoyi ko habaici ga kishiyoyi ko uwar miji ko ta hanyar shagube ko ambaton juyayin nakuda da dai sauransu. Ga misali daga

3.2.11. Waƙar

Naƙuda:

Wayyo naƙuda ta tashi,

Ciwon naƙuda ya tashi,

Kuma ciwon naƙuda ya motsa,

Yau kam babu zama zaure,

Wayyo inna ki cece ni,

Da kis sha daɗinki,

Shin wai ke tuna inna ta cece ki?

Ko ko Ke tuna da baba ya cece ki?

Wayyo naƙuda ‘yar ziza,

Ciwon naƙuda horo ne,

Ko ko naƙuda hauka cc? Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa

3.2.12. Waƙoƙin Talla

Waƙoƙin talla su ne waƙoƙi waɗanda ake yin su a lokacin da ake tallan wani abu. A cikinsu akan zuga sana’ar da ake tallar tare da fito da kwarjiinta ko amfaninta. Misali:

Ku sai dawon gero da barkono,

Furata da ‘yan yaji rankanɗam,

Sai da nid daka nib burke,

Harda gudajin nono. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G., (1983) ya ce “waƙoƙin baka na Hausa.

3.3. Waƙoƙin Baka Na Cikin Labarai Da Tatsuniyoyi

Forofesa Sa’idu M. G..(1980) ya ce haka kuma akwai wasu ‘yan waƙe –waƙe da ake sakawa a cikin labarai ko tatsuniyoyi don ƙara musu armashi ko jawo hankali da tunanin mai sauraro. Ga wani misali daga tatsuniyar Maɗaci da Yarinya:

Yarinya: Maɗaci,

Maɗacci ubana,

Gare ka anka ban ni,

Gare ka za ni tsira.

Maɗaci: Ishunki, ishunki ɗiyata,

Gare ni anka bakki,

Gare ni za ki tsira,

Mutum ɗari da goma,

Manzo dai kan kai gida. Gusau, (1980)

3.3.1. Waƙoƙin Baka Masu Tafiya Da kaɗe-kaɗe

Gusau, (1980) ya ce " waƙoƙin baka masu tafiya da kaɗe-kaɗe waƙoƙi ne waɗanda makaɗan baka su ke shiryawa. Waƙoƙin makaɗan baka sun karkasu dangane da ire-iren makaɗan da ke aiwatar da su, ko ta hanyar kayan kiɗan da ake amfani da su ko kuma ta yanaye-yanayen waɗanda ake yi wa su. Waƙoƙin baka masu tafiya da kaɗe-kaɗe sun haɗa da:

3.3.2. Waƙoƙin Jama’a

Waƙoƙin jama’a su ne waƙoƙi waɗanda ake yi wa attajirai da ma’aikatan gwamnati da sauran jama’a. Makaɗan da ke yin waƙoƙin jama’a suna da yawan gaske, sunayen wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da Mamman Shata da Danmaraya Jos da Abdu Karen Gusau da Mammalo Shata da Garba Supa da Shehu Ajilo da Sabo Saya-Saya da Musa Danba’u da Aliyu Gadanga da Haruna Uji da Hassan Wayam da Sani Dan’indo da sauransu. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G..(1980)

3.3.3. Waƙoƙin Maza

Forofesa Sa’idu M. G..(1980). Waƙoƙin maza, waƙoƙi ne da ake yi wa wasu rukunin jama’a da suka haɗa da ‘yan dambe da ‘yan tauri da ‘yan kokawa, da ‘yan baura da sauransu. Daga cikin makadan wannan sashe akwai Kassu Zurmi da Alhaji Danbade Morai da Muhammadu Bawa Dan’anace da Isa Danmakaho da Illon Kalgo da Muhammadu Gambu da makamantansu.

3.3.4. Waƙoƙin Sana’a

Waƙoƙin sana’a, waƙoƙi ne waɗanda ake yi wa masu sana’o’in gargajiya kamar wanzamai da mahauta (runji) da manoma da masunta da maƙera da majema da masaka da sauransu. Yawancin makaɗa na rukunin waƙoƙin maza su ne suke shirya waƙoƙi na rukunin waƙoƙin sana’a kamar Dan’anace da Alhaji Danbade Morai. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G.. (1980)

3.3.5. Waƙoƙin Fada

Waƙoƙin fada waƙoƙi ne waɗanda ake shirya wa sarakuna da sarautunsu na gargajiya. Wasu daga cikin fitattun makaɗan fada sun haɗa da Ibrahim Gurso da Ibrahim Narambaɗa da Salihu Jankidi da Abubakar Akwara da Buda Dantanoma da Muhammadu Dodo Maitabshi da Musa Dankwairo da Abdu Inka Bakura da Aliyu Dandawo da Sani Dandawo da Alhaji Danbade Morai da sauransu. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G..(1980)

3.3.6. Waƙoƙin Bandariya

Waƙoƙin bandariya, waƙoƙi ne wa waɗanda ake aiwatarwa domin nishaɗantarwa da yi wa rai yayyafi. Daga cikin makadan ban dariya akwai ‘yan kama da ‘yan gambara da ‘yan galura da sauransu. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G..(1980)

3.3.7. Waƙoƙin Sha’awa

Waƙoƙin sha’awa su ne waƙoƙin da ake shirya wa abubuwan da suka ba mutum sha’awa ko suka kayatar da shi. Da wuya a ware makaɗi daya daga cikin makaɗan Hausa a ce waƙoƙin sha’awa kawai yaƙe shiryawa, amma akwai wasu makaɗan da suke tsarma ire-iren wadannan waƙoƙi jefi-jefi a cikin waƙoƙinsu kamar Haruna Uji da Mamman Shata da Danmaraya Jos da Hassan Wayam da Sani Dan’indo da sauransu. Forofesa Sa’idu M. G..(1980)

A dunkule, waƙoƙin baka na Hausa suna nan jibge kuma sun ratsa dukkan sassan rayuwar Hausawa ta fuskar zamantakewa da siyasar zama ko tattalin arziki ko addini ko ta hanyar al’adu ko wasanni da sauransu. Mai karatu na iya duba wasu daga cikin makalu akan waƙoƙin Hausa, kamar: Nazarin waƙoƙin baka Muhammadu Dan Anace a wakar Garba Nagodi da Tarihin waƙoƙin baka na Hausa da wanzuwarsu ko kuma Yadda waƙoƙin yara ke gina tunanin rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa (na uku) da sauransu.Gusau, S. M. Jagoran Nazarin Waƙar Baka, Kaduna : Fisbas Meedia Services.

3.4. Naɗewa

A cikin wannan babi mun fara gabatar da shi ne da taken fashin baki a kan ma’anonin da suka shafi taken bincike, domin kawa yadda siffar babin za ta kasance da kawo ra’ayoyin masana akan ma’anar waƙa kuma mun kawo Ire-Iren waƙoƙin Hausa da yadda ake aiwatar da su ackin al’ummar Hausawa tare da cikakken bayani da misalai na Ire-Iren waƙoƙin Hausa

BABI NA HUDU

DANBALADE MORAI DA WAKOKINSA

4.0. Shinfiɗa

A babi na hudu kuma za a kawo bayanai game da gundarin taken bincike. Wato, bayanai a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa a inda mu ka fara da shinfiɗa game da tarihin Danbalade Morai, wato haihuwarsa, ƙurciyarsa da tasowarsa da kuma neman iliminsa. Haka an zo da bayanai dangane da Koyo da fara waƙoƙinsa, da yaransa, da kuma yawace – yawacensa, da yadda yake shirya waƙoƙinsa, da rasuwarsa, da matsayin Danbalade Morai a tsakanin mawaƙan da da na yanzu, da nau’oin kayan kiɗansa, da kuma nau’oin waƙoƙinsa. Babin bai kamala ba sai da aka nazrci wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, inda aka fayyace, Jigon waƙoƙinsa tare da warwarar jigo. Haka an yi bayanai dangane da salon waƙar Danbade Morai, aka zo da bayanai dangane da salon sarrafa harshe, da salon amshi, aka kuma yi bayani game da zubi da tsarin waƙoƙinsa daga ƙarshe kuma a zo da Naɗewa.

4.1. Tarihin Danbalade Morai

Tarihin Danbalade, ba zai cika ba sai da takaitaccen tarihin garin Morai. Saboda irin gudunmuwar da magabatan da suka kafa wannan gari suka bayar har ta kai ga bunƙasa garin inda aka haifi Danbalade Morai wanda ya bayar da gudunmuwa wajen cigaban ta bangaren adabin Hausa. “Morai jarkasa garin Banaga, garin da ba Bagobiri ba Bakane, idan kaga Badakkare baƙone”. Wannan shi ne kirakin Garin Morai. Garin Morai ya na kudacin garin Mafara ne, nisan kusan kilo mita talatin daga Mafara zuwa garin Morai. Morai Tsohon garice mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi a cikin masaurantar daular Zamfara. Kamar dai yadda tarihi ya nuna, an ce wani Basarake ne da ya fito daga ƙasar gabas wanda ake kira Banaga Jekada Gandarabai, shi ne wanda ya kafa garin Morai a shekara da dubu daya da dari biyar zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari biyar da tamanin. Amma tarihi ya nuna cewa shi Banaga Danbature shi ne sarki na ashirin da hudu, a cikin jirin sarakunan ƙasar Morai kuma shi ya yi fuce ga dukkan sarakunan ƙasar Morai ta fannin yaƙi, domin jaruntaka a wancan lokaci ita ce abin tinƙaho kuma ya gudanar da mulkinsa a shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da goma shatakwas (1800-1818). Banaga Danbature mutun ne mafaɗaci da saurin fushi da kuma rashin tsoro a wajen yaƙi ». garin Morai ya shahara ya kuma bunkasa ya buwaya ga abukkan gaba domin a zamaninsa a ka fafata yaƙi da mutanen Mafara kuma Banaga Danbature ya yi galaba a kansu harya ƙwato Tamburansu goma shabiyu», kuma masana tarihin su ns ganin cewa Banaga Danbature ya yi zamani da Ummarun Nagwamatse. Mun yi wannan fira ne da wani Taccizo dan shekara tamanin mai suna Guraguri, kuma shi hakimini a ƙarƙashin masarautar Morai a ranar 28/10/2021.

Kafuwar Garin Morai

Bayan haka garin Morai gari ne mai dimbin tarihi wanda yake tarihi ya nuna muna cewa, Garin Morai an kafashi tun a shikara ta (1558) kimanin shekara ɗari hudu da sittin da uku da su ka wuce (463). Bayan haka kuma tarihi ya nuna muna cewa lokacin da masarautar Morai ta na a ƙarƙashin shugabancin shaharren mayaƙin nan mai suna sarkin Zamfara, ana yimashi laƙani da cewa Banaga Danbature, wannan shahararren basaraken yana raye, duk yankin ƙasar zamfara ƙarƙashin masarautar Morai yake. Mun yi wannan fira ne da wani Taccizo dan shekara tamanin mai suna Guraguri, kuma shi hakimini a ƙarƙashin masarautar Morai a ranar 28/10/2021.

Morai A fagen Fama

Tarihi ya tabbtarmana da haka, domin akwai shedu da dama waɗanda ke nuna cewa garin Morai ta bunkasa a fagen yaƙi saboda suna da kayan faɗa kamar haka :Tamburra, Kukar ‘yabindiga, Gyanɗama, Kwari da Baka, Takobi da Masu da dai sauran su. Akwai tambura goma sha biyu (12) a garin Morai, waɗannan tamburra an karbesu ta ƙarfin yaƙi ne ga hannun masarautar Mafara, wanda yake ba ko ina ake saman su ba, sai a manyan masarauntun ƙasar Hausa. Ana samun su a masarautar sarkin musulmi, sarkin kabin Argugu, Gobir, Daura da nan Garin Morai.

A yanzu Morai ta na cikin Karamar Hukumar Mulkin Talatar Mafara, Morai ta yi iyaka da Mafara ta kudu, ta yi iyaka da Anka ta ɓangaren yamma ta yi iyaka da Maradun ta gabas, ta yi iyakada Bakura ta arewa.

Gulabe Da Koranmun da Suka Ratsa Kasar Morai

Bayan haka kuma Morai ta na da Gulabe da korammu manya da kanana, a kwai gulbin Boɓo shi ne wanda ka ke gani idan za ka shiga Mafara in ka fito daga Gusau, Dosa, Marafi da koramar Kun – Kurai, Dan – Hutsu ita wannan Ƙoramar Dan-hutsu da yake mutane har sun canfata da cewa ‘yaro idan kaje Morai ka sha ruwan Ƙoramar Dan - hutsa’ wanda yake an nuna mana cewa wanda duk yasha ruwan wannan Ƙorama bashi ba tsaro kuma ba fargaba ga dukkan abin da ya sama gaba.

Garuruwan Da Kauyukan Kasar Morai

Morai ta na da yawan fadin kasa da kauyukka goma sha biyar (15) ƙauyakkan ga su kamar haka: kagarar Morai Garbadu, Sado, Gajirawa Inwalar Morai, Kukamai raftu, Garagi, Tsofon Garin Banaga, Danfadama, Jandutse, Sakkarawa da Durum.

Taswirar Morai da Iyakokinta

Yanayin Albarkatun Ƙasar Morai

Yana yin tittalin Arzikin ƙasar Morai mafi yawan arzikin ƙasar Morai ya dogara ga noma da kiyo, kashi Casa’in da tara (99) na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a kasar Morai manoma ne da makiyaya, suna noman kayan da suka haɗa da abinci gero, da dawa, shinkafa, wake, dankali, rogo. A haujin kayan da ke samar da masu gr da rana suna noma auduga, rakke, barkono da dai saransu.

Morai Da Hanyoyin Bunƙasa Tantalin Arziki:

Ƙasar Morai ta na ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan ƙasar nan da ke iya samarda fatun jima da kayan rini da dai sauran su. Ƙarin bayanin wannan shi ne zai sa aji wannan tarihi na garin Morai, wanda yake zai zama har abadar-abada tsakanin Morai da ƙauyukkanta sauƙaƙe yake saboda bunƙasar abu-buwan jindaɗinsu da al’adunsu na gargajiya, da kuma asalinsu ga dukkan jama’ar yankin sun zama tsintsiya. Madaurin ki ɗaya ma’ana suna zaune lafiya.

Adadin Al’ummar Ƙasar Morai:

Bayan haka a shekarrun da suka gabata Morai ta zamo cikin garu-ruwa da suka zama sanannu, tun lokacin sarkin Morai watau. Banaga Danbature, Morai ta na ɗaya daga cikin garuruwan da suka haɗa ƙasar Zamfara. Yawan adadin mutanen da ke zaune a cikin garin Morai da ƙauyukkanta sun kama kimanin 448,954 a mazaunar kasar Morai. Ansamu wannan bayani ne daga bakin magatakardan masarautar Lawali Abdullahi Dangaladima Morai a ranar 28/10/2021.

Ƙasar Morai Da Sauyawar Zamani :

Bayan rasuwar shahararun sarakunan ƙasar Morai ne, Allah ya kawo durƙushewar karfin mulkin masarautar Moraia dalilin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka, shi ne babban dalilin da ya sa aka mayar da masarautar Morai a karskashin masarautar Mafara, a lokacin sarkin na arba’in da huɗu (44) watau Banaga Rikiji. Tun lokacin sarki Banaga Barmani har zakkuwa yanzu lokacin Banaga Abdulmalik, masarautar Morai ta na karkashin masarautar Mafara ne, haka kuma a wajen sana’o in gargajiya su na kiyon dabbobi da kira da sakar tufafi da kuma sana’ar fatauci da noma da kuma su.

Mashahuran Mutanen Da Aka yi A Ƙasar Morai

Wannan jerin sunaye sune suka riƙi Morai har zuwa yau tun farkon kafuwarta daga alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari biyar da hamsin da takwas zuwa wannan rana da mu ke bayani, ga su kamar haka :

S/NO	NAMES	YEARS
1.	BANAGA JEKADA GAN DARABAI	1558-1580
2.	BANAGA RAJE	1580-1586
3.	BANAGA BURA KOGO	1586-1594
4.	BANAGA MABIDI	1594-1607
5.	BANAGA GANWO DA GIWA	1607-1618
6.	BANAGA DAN ALI	1618-1622
7.	BANAGA ZAMATORO	1622-1639
8.	BANAGA YAMUTSE SHIRI	1639-1659
9.	BANAGA KOSABRO	1659-1667
10.	BANAGA BURGAME	1667-1677
11.	BANAGA JAN ZARI	1677-1688
12.	BANAGA LABBO	1688-1694
13.	BANAGA BARUNJE	1694-1703
14.	BANAGA ALI (1)	1703-1713
15.	BANAGA DAN MUNGADI	1713-1724
16.	BANAGA KERE	1724-1735
17.	BANAGA MAYAKI	1735-1745
18.	BANAGA BUWAYI	1745-1760
19.	BANAGA DAN LADI	1760-1775
20.	BANAGA JATAU	1770-1775
21.	BANAGA BARAKANTA	1775-1786
22.	BANAGA DAN LAMSO	1786-1790
23.	BANAGA BUWAI 1	1790-1800
24.	BANAGA DAN BATURE	1800-1818
25.	BANAGA DAN KURA	1818-1819
26.	BANAGA MAYAKI	1819-1821
27.	BANAGA DAN DANI	1821-1822
28.	BANAGA DAN ABARSHI	1822-1824
29.	BANAGA MAI GIZO	1824-1832
30.	BANAGA BAKO	1832-1836
31.	BANAGA DAN YAU	1836-1839
32.	BANAGA BUWAI (2)	1839-1840
33.	BANAGA MUHAMMADU (1)	1840-1842
34.	BANAGA ARJU (1)	1842-1843
35.	BANAGA ALU (2)	1843-1845
36.	BANAGA MAI NASARA	1845-1846
37.	BANAGA DAN MANZO	1846-1848
38.	BANAGA DAN BA’U	1848-1850
39.	BANAGA DAN BAKO	1850-1853
40.	BANAGA DAN BANGO	1853-1854
41.	BANAGA DAN MAGAJI	1854-1855
42.	BANAGA BAWAN TUDU	1855-1857
43.	BANAGA DAN JIBJI	1857-1903
44.	BANAGA BARMANI	1903-1906
45.	BANAGA KISHIMI	1906-1910
46.	BANAGA DAN AJIYA	1910-1914
47.	BANAGA KARFE	1914-1919
48.	BANAGA GARBA	1919-1926
49.	BANAGA DAN ABU	1926-1929
50.	BANAGA ARJU [DAN TSOHO]	1929-1933
51.	BANAGA MUHAMMED [KWAZO MALAN]	1933-1949
52.	BANAGA MUHAMMADU (3) [MAILAFIYA]	1949-1986
53.	BANAGA ABDULMALIK	1986-………….

Mun samo wannan jerin sunsye daga ɗakin adana kayan tarihi na masarautar Morai 5/10/2021.

Morai ta ɓangaren addinin musulunci kashi casa’in da tara (99) musulmine, akwai malammai da su kayi fuce kuma sanannu a ƙasar Mafara sune kamar haka : Banaga malam Ƙwazo, Malam Musa wanda akafi sani da Malam Fari Baban Alhaji Garba Maibuhu Sarkin malammai, Liman Umaru Kusa, Malam Danamore, Malam Sani Nakatsina, Malam Sani Na Liman, Alhaji Garba Maibuhu Sarkin malammai, Dokta Abdullahi Sani Morai da dai sauransu.

Samuwar Makarantun Zamani A Garin Morai

Makarantar Morai (Morai Primary School) ; Wannan makaranta an fara ta a shekarar 1933 a lokacin sarkin Morai na hamsin da ɗaya wato Banaga Mohammed Kwazo. A sanadiyar tura ‘yanasalin Morai da akeyi a garin Mafara domin koyon karatun boko, wannan ya faru ne a dalilin ganin irin yadda ‘yanasalin garin Morai su ke da ƙoƙari da himma akan karatun book. Wannan shi ne dalilin da yasa maaikatar ilimi ta waccan lokaci ta sa a fara karatun boko a garin Morai.

Malami na farko da aka fara turawa shi ne malam Ummaru Maijankunne, kuma an fara karatun a ƙarƙashin binshiyar icci daga baya aka yi runfar kara, bayan ta sami karbuwa sai aka gina zauren karatu biyu mai haɗe da zauren malammai da kuma gidan malammai duk a lokaci ɗaya. Ta fara da ɗalibbai kamar haka : Saminu Sulaiman Morai, Ibrahim Makaɗa, Abubakar Farinruwa Abubakar Musa da sauransu. A shekara ta 1977 aka mayar da ita Banaga Danbature Primary School Morai, sai kuma aka juya mata suna zuwa Banaga Danbature Model Primary School Morai a shekara ta 1987, wanda shi ne sunan da take karbawa a yau.

Wannan makaranta ta yaye ɗalibbai da dama a inda wasu su ka samu damar zuwa manyan makarantun gaba da Primary, kwalejin ilimi da Jami’oi na cikin gida da waje. Morai ta ɓangaren ilimin boko watau ilimin zamani su na da ‘yan boko da maiakatan gwamnati manya da ƙanana kamar su : Malam Musa Nagona, Alhaji Yusuf Banaga, Alhaji Yahaya Danau, Alhaji Saminu Sulaiman Morai, Alhaji Shi’itu Sulaiman Morai, Alhaji Hambali Muhammad Morai da dai sauransu. Haka kuma ta ɓangaren zurfin karatun boko akwai; Dokta Abdullahi Sani Morai (Economics), Dokta Sufiyanu Saminu Morai (Biological Seince) da Dokta Danlami A. Garba (French Language and Linguistics) da ma su darajar digiri na biyu da na ɗaya da ma su NCE da dai sauran su. Mun sama wannan bayani daga bakin shugaban makaratar Banaga Danbature Model Primary School Morai. Malam Sabitu A. Garba Morai. Ranar 4/10/2021.

4.1.1. Haihuwarsa

Alhaji Danbalade Morai an haifeshi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da talatin da shidda (1936). Sunansa na yanka Abubakar, wanda ake masa laƙabi da Garba. Danbalade Morai ya tashi a cikin gidan makaɗa, saboda makaɗi ne Danbalade Morai ya yi gadon kiɗan ne daga mahaifinsa wato Ibrahim, wanda makaɗin sarauta ne kuma yana taɓa kiɗan noma, ya na kuma amfani da kayan kiɗa kamar na taushi da kalangu.

Fahimtar wannan ba zai kammala ba, ba tare da anbi diddigin tarihin mahaifinsa ba. Mahaifinsa (Ibrahim) shi dai makaɗin taushi ne da kalangu, kuma mawaƙi ne mai hazaƙa da son mutane, ya na kuma da ƙoƙarin zagaye domin tafiyar sana’arsa ta kiɗa da waƙa (waƙar baka) kamar irin waƙar sarauta da ta noma. Ansamu wannan bayani ne daga bakin wani dattijo maisuna Isah Tudu kuma maƙwabcin shi Danbalade Morai a ranar 29/10/2021.

4.1.2. Ƙurciyarsa da Tasowarsa da Neman iliminsa

Kamar yadda mu ka yi fira da wani malami kuma dattijo kusan danshekara saba’in zuwa tamanin mai suna malam Sha’aban kuma ƙanen wanda ya koyar da Danbalade Morai ilimin addinin musulunci ya bayyana mana cewa, « kamar yadda al’adar Bahaushe ta ke idan aka haifi yaro ya tasa ya kai lokacin ƙurciya, babansa ya na kai shi makarantar allo domin neman ilimin addinin musulunci. Shi ma Danbalade Morai mahaifinsa ya kai shi makarantar allo ta wani malami mai suna malam Muhammadu Danamure Morai domin sanin ƙabli da ba’adi. Haka kuma a wajen sha’anin waƙa da Danbalade Morai ake zagayawa duk in da a kaje, domin yin amshin waƙa, ta haka ne Danbalade Morai ya bi mahaifinsa ana waƙa ya na amshi, har ma wata rana ya na yi masa ƙari a cikin waƙarsa. Tun daga nan mahaifinnasa ya ga cewa Danbalade Morai yaro ne mai fahinta da kuma fasaha ».

4.1.3. Koyo da fara waƙoƙinsa

« Alhaji Danbalade Morai, ya koyi waƙa ne ga mahaifinsa ta hanyar bin sa sau daƙa har zuwa lokacin da Allah ya sa mahaifinsa ya tuba ya bar waƙa. Bayan mahaifinsa ya tuba ya bar waƙa, sai ya koma ya na bin wani makaɗin ‘yan mata ko da ya ke ba wannan sana’a ya koya da ake kira Abdullahi Morai. Bayan ya yi biyar Abdullahi ya kuma yi biyar ƙanen ubansa wanda ake kira Amadu Danbaƙi, shi ma Amadu Danbaƙi tare da Danbalade su ka yi biyar Ibahim watau mahaifin Danbalade Morai. Ansamu wannan bayani ne daga bakin wani dattijo maisuna Isah Tudu kuma maƙwabcin shi Danbalade Morai a ranar 29/10/2021.

To kamar yadda muka faɗa tun da farko cewa Danbalade Morai mutun ne mai basira mai hazaƙa, haka su ka ci gaba ya na biyar ƙanen babansa Amadu Danbaƙi, suna kiɗa da waƙa tare dukda haka shi ne tauraron wajen waƙoƙin. A kan haka Danbalade Morai ya na nan ya na biyar ƙanen babansa shi ma sai Allah ya yi masa rasuwa. Ta haka ne Alhaji Danbalade Morai ya zama mai gidan kansa. Ansamu wannan bayani ne daga bakin wani dattijo maisuna Isah Tudu kuma maƙwabcin shi Danbalade Morai a ranar 29/10/2021.

Waƙoƙinsa Na farko

Waƙar da ya fara aiwatarwa da kansa ta farko ita ce ta fid da shi waje wato waƙar noma.

Ta Salisu Na liman Morai ta noma, kamar haka : -

Sai na kai kida Gidan Malan Ali,

Salisu ko kana yiman dokin waƙa,

Bari gadon gidanku sai kai Alhamdu,

Mu gadon gidanmu sai dukar fata,

Ya Bisimillahi zamu rokon gun malan,

ya Allah ubangiji yaka tarshimu,

Malan Ali babba babba ne,

Kaji wanɗanda ba su wa Allah yaji.

Wannan ita ce waƙar da Danbalade Morai ya fara ta farko, da ya yi wa wani manomi Salisu Na liman. Haka kuma ya yi waƙoƙin dambe da dama, waɗanda suka bas hi dammar zama makaɗin ‘yandambe, duk da kasancewar abin da ya gada ga mahaifnsa shi ne kiɗan sarauta da kuma kidan noma.

Bayan kiɗan noma ya na kiɗan fawa, to al' adar Bahaushe musan cewa wancan lokaci ko babbar sallah ko kuma in aka yi wani naɗin sarkin fawa. To su waɗannan mutane masu sana'ar fawa suna da nasu makaɗi na kansu, kamar da yadda mafi yawan sana'oinmu na Hausawa suke da su, ita ma sana'ar
fawa ta na da tasiri kwarai da gaske, saboda tasirin da ke gare ta garayuwar Bahaushe ta na da nata makaɗa na daban.

Danbalade Morai a fagen waƙa ko ina ya na iya tattabawa, ya yi ma sarkin fawa waƙa da sauran maƙarrabansa, a inda ya ke waƙe sarkin fawa Musa Morai kamar haka: -

Ba gari nama na Magaji Wakili ya Allah shi riƙa ma mahauta ku tara kuɗi ku yi yanka in ya zo cikin kara duk wanda ya gani sai ya knma.

Kamar dai yadda muka gani cikin bayanin cewa Danbalade Morai, ra'ayi ne kawai ya sa ya koma makaɗin 'yandambe, ta wannan ka face ɗiyan runji suka juya ra'ayinsa har ya koma makaɗin 'yandambe.

Waƙar ‘Yandambe

Haka ya koma yana yi ma ‘yandambe waƙoƙi, waƙarsa ta farko da ya fara yi ta dambe, ita ce wadda ya yi wa Lawali Dame Morai a inda yake cewa:

Hay kasa mazaje tuba,

gyara wahidun ya likahi,

ya jalla baban kowa,

ina mazan suke sun zan mata,

har yau ban ga mai imaba,
yaka na shago yaka na dije,

mai rabkar awazzun bayi

Wannan ita ce waƙa ta farko da Danbalade Morai ya fara yi ma wani dan danbe. Wannan shi ne dan takaitaccen bayanin yadda Danbalade Morai ya koyi sana'arsa ta waƙa. To a cikin wannan waƙa ta Dame Morai, Danbalade Morai ya fara wannan waƙa ta Dame Morai kai tsaye ba tare da budewa da komi ba ita wannan waƙa Danbalade Morai ya fara tane da: -

"Hay ina shagon Morai yakkoma,

kassa mazaje tuba.

Haka kuma ya kara da salon rokon Allah yana cewa:-
"gyara wahidin ya Lillahi,

ya jalla babban kowa"

A nan idan muka duba zamu ga cewa Danbalade Morai, ya yi amfani da salon dabbantawa ne, inda ya ke fassara cewa gwarzonsa, shaharare ne ko cikin 'yan dambe, shi yasa Danbalade Morai, a inda yake cewa:

ina mazan suke sun zan mata,

har yau ban ga mai imaba,
yaka na shago yaka na dije,

mai rabkar awazzun bayi.

Rasuwar Makaɗa Danbalade Morai

Bayan wannan kuma da ya ke an riga an faɗa cewa "kullu nafsin za ikatul maut’ ma'ana ko wace rayuwa sai ta dan dani mutuwa, shi dai Danbalade Morai Allah mai kowa mai komi, ya yi masa rasuwa ranar jumu'a sha hudu ga watan biyu na turawa cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da uku (14/2/2003) ya rasu ne a sanadiyar rashin lafiya da ya yi fama da ita ta ciyon awazzu. Ya rasu ya bar mata biyu da 'ya'ya uku da jikoki da dama, cikin 'ya'yansa akwai Murtala, Mu'awuya Dandunbuje da Hasana Allah ya jikansa Amin Summa Amin

4.1.4. Yaransa

A wannan fagen za mu kawo bayanai dangane da yaransa kuma abokanan sana’arsa ta kiɗa da waƙa. Ya za ma dole idan ana zancen makaɗa Danbalade Morai ayi zancen yaransa, domin su ne masu taimaka masa wajen fito da waƙarsa. Saboda da yawa za kaji a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsa idan ya faɗi kan waƙar ba zai ƙara cewa komai ba sai dai ya rinƙa yi musu shara su ko suna cigaba da waƙar har ƙarshenta, kamar yadda a waɗansu waƙoƙin su kuma yaransa idan su ka yi amshi ɗaya a farko ba su ƙara cewa komai har sai ƙarshenta ayi amshi ɗaya, wannan yana faruwa ne domin mafi yawan waƙoƙinsa kamar bayanin wani abu ne da ya faru yake yi. Kuma ga jerinsu kamar haka :

1. Musan Tukka

2. Muhammadu Danfari

3. Ada Zakka

4. Haruna

5. Isah

6. Muhammadu Danbiki

7. Sani ƙwazo

8. Muhammadu Roƙo

4.1.5. Yawace - yawacansa

Kamar dai yadda mu ka yi bayani can baya cewa Danbalade mutun ne haziƙi a fagen waƙar hausa. Danbalade Morai tun farko da shi ake zagayawa ana yawace – yawace a duk in da a kaje, domin yin amshin waƙa, ta haka ne ma Danbalade Morai ya bi mahaifinsa ana waƙa ya na amshi, har ma wata rana ya na yi masa ƙari a cikin waƙarsa. Bayani ya nuna cewa, tun a na cikin tsofuwar jahar Sokoto wadda ta haɗa Sokoto, Kebbi, Zamfara, Niger da sauran garuruwan arewacin Nijeriya da kudaccinta duk a wajen yawon kiɗa da waƙa. Danbalade Morai ya yi yawace – yawace domin isarda sana’arsa ta waƙa, wanda aka shaida mana cewa a wajen Yawace – yawacansa na waƙa har wani masoyinsa ya biya masa kujerar makka, bayan alhairan da yake sa mu wajen aiwatar sana’arsa ta waƙa.

4.1.6. Shirya Waƙa

To kamar yadda ya ke sanan ne cewa ga kowa ne fanni ana samun madaukaka da na kasa-kasa, saboda bambancin da Allah ya yi tsakanin bayinsa, haka a wajen makiɗa ma’ana samun irin wannan banbanci domin wasu makiɗa su kan tsaya ne da su da yaransu ('yanamshi) tun a gida su shirya irin waƙar da za su je su yi ma wani mutun wanda su ke son su yi ma kamar irin su: Alhaji Musa Dan-Kwairo Maradun da Alhaji Aliyu Dan-Dawo da sauransu domin su makiɗa ne na sarauta da ke son su zo waje su burge, ko dai wanda su ka yi wa kiɗan ko jama’a. Amma shi Danbalade Morai mun sani cewa makaɗin mazane sannan kamar yadda bayani ya gabata cewa shi bawai ra’ayi da shawa ya sa ya ke kiɗa da waƙaba a' a gadon abinsa ya yi wajen mahaifinsa.

To atakaice dai, Danbalade Morai shi makiɗin mazane tun lokacin da ya fara sana'ar, har lokacin da Allah ya amshi abinai, saboda haka ba ya shirya komai na waƙa tsakaninsa da jama'arsa watau (Makiɗa da 'yanamshi) domin idan an tafi daji ko fagen kiɗa, su na amfani da duk wanda ya yi wani abin ataho agani, ko wane ne ko an san shi ko ba' a san shi ba, misali waƙar wani gwarzonsa da ya yi wa waƙa.

Mai suna "Jaki" bida bayi mai kifaɗi. Wannan wani bawan Allah ne da Danbalade ya ji labarinsa ya yi masa waƙa kurum ba don ya san shi ba, sai bayan shekara biyu da yi masa waƙar sannan ya ji labarin garin da ya ke ya ziyarceshi

Wannan waƙar gata kamar haka:

"Bida bayi mai kifaɗi ɓaleri jaki bakada bindi"

"dakai da faduwa sai kwana sai dai kasha bugu kirginka ya tashi"

"ya Allahu rabbana sarki ya jalla sarki ka taimakemu"
"sa maza cilas su fadi baleri jaki ba kada bindi"

"ranar karon maza da mazaje jaki cikin fage haddai zan tafiyata sai najji anyi haa!

Wannan shi ne karshen waƙar saboda haka ire-iren haka ta na da yawa domin makaɗin maza, bai san irin mazan da zai haɗu da su ba sai anje fagen waƙa, amma tsayawa a shirya wata waƙa kafin a fita bai ko taso ba.

4.1.7. Rasuwarsa

Kamar yadda bayanai su ka zo daban – daban dangane da Danbalade Morai, tun daga haifuwarsa har zuwa ƙurciyarsa da yadda ya gudanar da rayuwarsa. Abinda aka sani ne cewa kowace rayuwa za ta ɗanɗana mutuwa, haka Danbalade Morai ya rasu ranar litanin 24/6/2003 Ya bar mata biyu da yaya da dama kamar Murtala, Mu’auya da sauransu. Bayan rasuwarsa ɗansa Mu’auya shi ya gade shi kuma shi ke jagoranci aiwatar da wannan sana’ar ta waƙa kamar yadda babansa watau Danbalade Morai kamar yadda ya gada ga mahaifinsa Ibrahim Morai.

4.2. Matsayin Danbalade Morai a tsakanin mawaƙan Da da na yanzu

Kamar yadda ya ke sanan ne cewa kowa ne mutun bai rasa abokanan hulɗa duk fannin da yake gudanar da harkokinsa na sana'arsa, saboda haka, Danbalade Morai shi ma ya na da dangantaka da wasu makaɗa/mawaƙa kamar haka:-

Muhammadu Dangundo Kagaran Morai Shahararren makɗin noma acikin kasar Talata Mafara.

Da Abamu Maradun mai kiɗan 'yandambe, da Ibrahim Dangulbi, Muhammadu Maiturare Wababe to sai dai dangantakar da ke tsakaninsa da wannan shahararren mawaƙin Muhammadu Maiturare Wababe ba ta da wani karfi saboda nisa tsakanin garuruwan da su ke zaune dan haka sai dai idan sun hadu wurin wasa amma shi Abamu Maradun a koda yaushe suna haduwa, wani na ziyarar wani shawararsu daga duk abinda wani zaiyi dangantakar da ke tsakaninsu har Danbalade Morai sai da ya rera wata waƙa daga cikin waƙoƙinsa na
dambe, da yawa wani babban dan damben shi Abamu Maradun.

Kai bincike ya nu na mana cewa Alhaji Danbalade Morai shi ya fara kai waƙar Abamu gidan rediyon sakkwato. Watau (Rima Radio Sokoto) saboda tsananin dangantakarsu, kuma an nu na ma na cewa shi Abamu har sai da ya yi ma Danbalade Morai godiya sosai da sosai. Ga wani dan gutsuren baiti daga cikin waƙar da yawa Tunau Bahago Morai gata kamar haka:-

Gyara na dinka maza sun taru,

dan bahago mai wawar kora,

dan mutuwa ka ke ba ka da tausai,

kowa haye maka baki rainai.

Dan haka Danbalade Morai baida wata dangantaka a tsakanin mawaƙan yanzu. Saboda bai yi wata hulɗa da su ba.

4.3. Kayan kiɗansa

Kayan kiɗan sun danganta da irin kiɗan da mai kiɗa ke aiwatarwa, saboda haka da yake Danbalade Morai. Ya kebanta ga ma su sana'ar dambe a halin yanzu saboda haka irin kayan kiɗan dambe da noma wannan sana' ar ita ce ya soma aiwator kafin ya dawo ga kidan dambe ga su kamar baka:-

(i)	Kalangu
(ii)	Kwazakkekeke
(iii)	Tafashe
(iv)	Kotso.

To daga baya da Danbalade Morai ya shahara har sarkin Morai Banaga Muhammadu ya bar aikawa a kira masa shi domin ya yi masa kiɗa da jama' arsa sai ya ga cewa ya kamata ya canza ta fashe sai ya sai masa kotso ya rinƙa amfani da shi wajen kiɗan sarauta, kalangu da kwazakke wajen kiɗan fawa da dambe.

4.4. Nau’oin waƙoƙinsa

Kamar dai yadda ya zo cikin bayani cewa Danbalade Morai mutum ne haziƙi da fasaha, kuma ya shahara akan waƙoƙin Hausa, kuma ya yi waƙoƙi daban-daban; iri-iri, kala-kala ire-iren waƙoƙinsa su ne kamar haka:-

Waƙar Dambe

Su kuma dai waƙoƙin dambe galibin su sun keɓanta ga wasu mutane a cikin al’ummar Hausawa, wasar dambe, rundawa su ne su ka fi kowa yawa a wurin dambe, waƙar dambe ana gabatar da ita ne ya yin da ake son dan dambe ya kara da wani dan dambe abokin karawar sa a fagen dambe, domin a harzuƙa shi ko a zugashi ko a yabe shi ya kashe abokin karawarsa misalin irin wadannan waƙoƙin su ne : -

“Hay kwangiri babban karfe,

babba na Alhaji dan mai shela,

da kai da faduwa sai kwana,

sai in zaka tsugunnin bauli,

hay ina mazan suke,

ko wajjaka wuya na ci nai,

hay ga jifa nan nayo,

sai ta fadi ga kan maitsotsai,

haba Jafaru na gode ma,

don ya yo mini samun kyauta”

Waƙar Noma

Waɗannan waƙoƙi ana yin su ne domin a cusa ƙwazo da zaƙuno zuciyar manoma su motse, su -girgije, su haukace ga noma,

« Haba Jafaru na gode ma,

don ya yo mini samun kyauta ».

Dama Hausawa ba’abin da su ke so irin wannan kiɗa na noma, kasan halin bahaushen mutun ga kiɗa irin na noma. Kamar sauran waƙoƙin noma su ma sun ƙunshi jigon yabo, zuga misali a cikin wata waƙa ya na cewa

“Sai dare yana daji gona tai,

dan mai damma wa hakin daji dai-dai,

musa na rabi bai zauna birni ba,

shi ko yaushe dai ya na daji gona tai, a she gaugawa kasa budurwa barna suna,

in ta hankure ta kaima miji dan-dan-dan”.

Waƙar Sarauta

Su kuma dai wadannan waƙoƙin sarauta, galibin su sun keɓanta
ga wasu jinsin mutane a cikin al'ummar hausawa wadanda suke ƙunshi
sarakuna ko 'yan sarki, ko kuma duk wani wanda sarki ya ke na dawa
ya zama wani shugaba a cikin al'umma, su wadannan mutane suna ake yi ma waƙa irin ta sarakuna, ita waƙar sarakuna ke bantattace, ba kowa ake wa ita ba sai irin su sarkin sarakuna. Sannan su wadannan waƙoƙi na sarakuna ana yin sune domin cusa kwazo, yabo, zuga ga zukatansarakuna, kamar sauran waƙoƙi. Suma suna kunshe da jigon yabo, zugi kwazo da kuma kauna misali acikin wata waƙa ta sarkin Morai waton Banaga, in da yake cewa:-

Mai martaba na Alhaji,

zaki mai martaba,

na Alhaji dan dan cizo,

ya kare su da karfin Allah,

wani yasha kashi,

harya iske tumaki kwance,

sai y ace ku wadan ga ina kwananku,

mai martaba na Alhaji,

zaki mai martaba,

na Alhaji dan dan cizo,

kai ji na guliya ansha kashi,

ya yi yamma da 'yan kayan sa.

Waƙar Fawa

Su kuma dai waɗannan waƙoƙi na fawa su na zuga mahauci ko
mahauta su yi bajin ta da sibiri, irin na kamun "Sa" ko su dubi sa ya
faɗi a yanka shi, da sauran wadan su abubuwa na nuna bajin ta, da kuma
nuna kwarewa ga sauran runji, da bada shawa ga wanda ke kallo ko
saurare, muna iya ganin wasu misallan wadannan waƙoƙi kamar haka :-

“Na zaka mumar sarkin fawa,

dawo ummaru danbaro ta,

kai ar shugaban mayanka kaf danbaza,

in ya yi maganatai ta zauna,

ban san mai iya tayar mai ba,

ai ga wani saunan sakin fawa,

shi bai yanka bai alheri,

sai in sunyi ya dauki sari.”

4.5. Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa

Kamar dai yadda ya zo cikin bayani cewa Danbalade Morai mutum ne haziƙi mai fasaha, kuma ya shahara akan waƙoƙin Hausa, kuma ya yi waƙoƙi daban-daban ; iri-iri, kala-kala ga wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa su ne kamar haka : -

Waƙarsa da ya yi wa Muhammadu Dan sanyinna ga ta kamar haka: -

"Ya kututturun bisa hanga Mamman Dansanyinna, gagarau mai doguwa mai iska, kana hana karya Mamman Dansanyinna,

Mamman na maina koren daga,

ga garau mai hana yawan dambe,

agai da mamman zakin Jirgi,

kai wannan Karen sarani,

na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

mai doguwa mai iska,

masu fada da mugun sara,

na gaishe ka na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

ba janka fada Jiyawan ƙarfe,

ba kanta na maina Mamman dogo".

4.6. Nazarin waƙoƙinsa

A cikin wannan nazarin waƙoƙin Alhaji Danbalade Morai, zai kasance sharhi kan waɗansu waƙoƙi da muka zabo a cikin waƙoƙinsa. Wnnan sharhi zai shafi jigo, salo da zubi da tsari.

Daga farko za mu fara da sharhi akan waƙar Danbalade Morai day a yi ma Lawali Dame Morai.

Jigon waƙar

Kamar yadda muka sani jigo a cikin waƙoƙin maza shima abin da waƙar ta ke tafe das hi ko kuma abin da waƙar ta ke son ta isar ga al’umma. Saboda haka ita wannan waƙa jigonta shi ne zuga, watau a inda yak e cewa:

"Hay ina shagon morai yakkoma,

kai kassa mazaje tuba,

gyara wahidin ya lillahi,

ya jalla baban kowa,

ina mazan suke sun zan mata,

hayyau banga mai ima ba,

yaka na shogo yaka na Dije,

mai rabkar awazzan bayi,

yanzu muna aza maka kuka,

don dai bai kashe kowa ba,

kunga abin ga ya nai mani zafi,

yara rashin Dame Dandambu,

ga runji su nai man karya,

zirnako mai kayan yaki,

ba'a tabaka ba shiryo ba,

mai canyike kurwa danya,

duk maisun faɗa ya matso kusa,

ga mugun damen nan hili,

Idan muka duba a cikin wannan waƙa daga baiti na biyu har zuwa na sha tara, a nan jigon ya nuna mana cewa Dame Morai wani shahararren dan dambe ne wanda bai yarda da wasa ba, kuma ba a kai masa reni sannan kuma ya bayyana shi Dame Morai da cewa idan baya nan runji suna mai karya, idan sun ganai duk sun zan mata, haka kuma idan ya fito a fagen fama, baya girma da arziki, da kowa sai lokacin sai ya samu wanda ya kashe. Dan haka Danbalade Morai ke kiransa da cewa:-

Zirnako mai kayan yaki,

ba'a tabaka ba shiryo ba,

maye dan mutan murawa,

mai canyikke kurwa danya.

A cikin wannan waƙa, Danbalade ya na nuna mana cewa ko shakka babu, Lawali Dame Morai da gaskiya yake yin wannan damben ba da wasa yake yi ba.

Bayan haka, duk a cikin waƙar Danbalade Morai ya fito mana da wani jigo na nuna bajin ta, da Dame Morai ya yi haka kuma ya bayyana mana shi dai Dame Morai duk yawan da ya bamu labarin jaruntakar shi idan an fito fagen fama, dangane da haka sai a dubi wannan baiti:-

"Dan gadon fada ne yayyi,

shago ya yi yayin dambe,

bai saba bugun mata ba.

A nan Danbalade ya na sun ya bayyana mana irin jaruntakarsa, da kuma nuna bajinta da Dame-Morai yake da ita, idan an fito fagen fama.

Salon waƙar

To a cikin wannan waƙa ta Dame Morai, Danbalade Morai ya fara wannan waƙa ta Dame Morai kai tsaye ba tare da budewa da komi ba ita wannan waƙa Danbalade Morai ya fara tane da:-

"Hay ina shagon Morai yakkoma,

kassa mazaje tuba.

Haka kuma ya kara da salon rokon Allah yana cewa:-
"gyara wahidin ya Lillahi,

ya jalla babban kowa"

"zirnako mai kayan yaki,

ba'a taba ka ba shiryo ba".

Bayan haka, ya yi amfani da salon siffantawa a ya yin da ya siffanta, shi wannan shahararren dan damben da cewa:-

"Maye dan mutan murawa,

mai canyikke kurwa danya".

A nan in muka duba, Danbalade ya kamanta wannan shahararren dan dambe da wannan baitin, domin shi wannnan, idan ya iso fagen fama idan ya ga abokin gaba ko kuma abokin dambe gani ya kai awar ya cishi danye, domin shaharasa wajen dambe.

Bayan haka Danbalade Morai ko shakka ba bu ya yi amfani da salon yabo ga Hajiya kamar haka:-

"Dan ga hajiya nan zaune ga hili.

mai kyautar turamen lailai,

ba'a gama ki da jakkar banza.

i'! ko a tulinku bai zan dai ba,

don kunga buhuwa tabbayar

Idan muka yi la' akari da wannan bai tota, Zuga ga cewa ko shakka ba bu Danbalade ya yi yabo ne ga cewa wannan Hajiya saboda irin kyautar da tayo mashi, domin har ya nu na ta cewa ta hana shi noma, saboda irin yawan kyautar da take yi mashi.

Bayan haka, kuma cikin wannan waƙa Danbalade Morai ya yi amfani da slon aron kalmomi, musamman daga harshen larabci har dai in muka yi la’akari da wannan baiti da ke biye :

‘Gyara walidin ya lillahi,

ya jalla baban kowa’.

Ko shakka ba bu idan muka dubi wannan baiti za muga cewa gaskiya ne Danbalade Morai ya yi amfani da salon aron kalmomi domin wannan kalma ta wahidin da lillahi da kuma jalla duk ya aro su ne daga harshen larabci.

Zubi da Tsari waƙar

Ita wannan waƙar Danbalade Morai ya fara ta ne kai tsaye tare da nuni zuwa ga ‘yan dambe ya na cewa: -

« Hay ina mazan suke,

ko wajjaka wuya na cinai,

hay ga jifa kan mai tsokai,

Haka kuma wannan mawaƙi Danbalade Morai ya kuma tsara waƙarsa ne acikin baiti biyu-biyu, sannan yan mai maita wasu daga cikin baitocin bayan haka yan amshi su na yi mashi ƙari.

Idan muka yi la'akari da bayanin daya gabata da kuma yadda mukayi bayani tun farko cikin nazarin waƙar Lawali Dame Morai, na kawo zubin baitocin waƙoƙin baka ya sha bambam dana rubutatun waƙoƙin domin a cikin waƙoƙin baka za mu tarar da cewa akwai layi biyu - biyu ne, dan haka wanda ya ke a rubutattu ba haka abin ya ke ba sai dai idan waƙa mai dango biyu-biyu zai kasance kowane baiti ya na da wadannan dangwayen wato biyu ko uku ko hudu ko kuma biyar.

Haka zalika a cikin wannan waƙa Danbalade Morai ya fara kaitsaye da kiran Dame Morai, ya na cewa :

‘Hay ina shagon Morai yakkoma,

kai kassa mazaze tube’

Bayan haka wannan mawaƙi (Danbalade Morai) ya tsara wakarsa ne acikin baiti biyu-biyu, sannan ya na marmaita wasu daga cikin baitocin, bayan haka ‘yanamshi su na yi mashi ƙari.

Zubin layukkan baitocin waƙar baka ya sha bamba da rubucciyar waƙa, domin kuwa a cikin waƙar baka ana iya samun baiti mai dangi daya (gwaron dango) ko baiti mai dango biyu (tagwai ko mai dango uku). (yar uku) ko hudu (tarbi’i) ko kuma biyar (tahamisa) harma fiye da haka ana samu a cikin waƙoƙin baka. Amma ita waƙar da muke nazari, ta na da layukka da zuwa biyu a matayin dango guda misali, 1, 2.

4.6.1. Jigon waƙoƙinsa

Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata cewa duk waƙoƙin Alhaji Danbalade Morai ba su wuce Muhimman jigogi guda biyu ba, watau zugi da jigon yabo, to shi wannan jigon yabo shi ma kamar yadda zigon zugi ya kasu kashi biyu shima ya kasu kashi biyu, domin akwai yabon na musamman watau na Alheri da ake yi masa sannan akwai yabo irin na koɗawa watau irin wanda ya ke aiwatarwa ga mutanensa watau ‘yandambe, manoma ko sarauta.

Misali kamar yadda za mu gani a cikin wasu waƙoƙin maza na Danbade Morai, Jigon Kamar yadda muka sani cewa jigo a cikin waƙoƙin maza shi ma abin da waƙar ta ke tafe da shi ko kuma abin da waƙar ta ke son ta isar ga al'umma. Saboda haka ita wannnan waƙa jigon shi ne zuga, watau a inda ya ke cewa:-

"Hay ina shagon morai yakkoma,

kai kassa mazaje tuba,

gyara wahidin ya lillahi,

ya jalla baban kowa,

ina mazan suke sun zan mata,

hayyau banga mai ima ba,

yaka na shogo yaka na Dije,

mai rabkar awazzan bayi,

yanzu muna aza maka kuka,

don dai bai kashe kowa ba,

kunga abin ga ya nai mani zafi,

yara rashin Dame Dandambu,

ga runji su nai man karya,

zirnako mai kayan yaki,

ba'a tabaka ba shiryo ba,

mai canyike kurwa danya,

duk maisun faɗa ya matso kusa,

ga mugun damen nan hili,

Zirnako mai kayan yaki,

ba'a tabaka ba shiryo ba,

maye dan mutan murawa,

mai canyikke kurwa danya.

A cikin wannan waƙa, Danbalade ya na nuna mana cewa ko shakka babu, Lawali Dame Morai da gaskiya yake yin wannan damben ba da wasa yake yi ba.

"Dan gadon fada ne yayyi,

shago ya yi yayin dambe,

bai saba bugun mata ba.

A nan Danbalade ya na sun ya bayyana mana irin jaruntakarsa, da kuma nuna bajinta da Dame-Morai yake da ita, idan an fito fagen fama.

4.6.1.1. Warwarar jigo

Jigo shi ne wani muhimmin saƙon da mawaƙi ya ke son isarwa acikin waƙarsa, watau manufar ko maƙasudin waƙar. Gusau, S.M. (1989).Tsokaci A Kan waƙar Sahibi, Kano. Jami’ar Bayero.

Shima Dokta Tanimu Yar’aduwa a cikin littafensa yana cewa. Jigo shi ne ginshiƙin waƙa dan kuwa duk waƙar da ta kasance ba ta da jigo to ba waƙa bace. Akwai masana adabi ko ma su nazarin waƙa sun yi la’akari da fito da wasu hanyoyin nazarin waƙa wajen nazarin jigo :

1. Hanya ta farko ita ce ka gano jigon wajen sauraron da ka ke yi, watau mi ye saƙon mawaƙin.

2. Hanya ta biyu ita ce bayan ka gano abinda mawaƙi ya ke nufi a waƙarsa sai ka yi ƙoƙarin bayyana jigon mawaƙin.

3. Hanya ta uku ita ce wanda maisauraro zai warware jigon ko fede jigon mawaƙi.

Jigon zuga

"Hay ina shagon morai yakkoma,

kai kassa mazaje tuba,

gyara wahidin ya lillahi,

ya jalla baban kowa,

ina mazan suke sun zan mata,

hayyau banga mai ima ba,

yaka na shogo yaka na Dije,

mai rabkar awazzan bayi,

yanzu muna aza maka kuka,

don dai bai kashe kowa ba,

kunga abin ga ya nai mani zafi,

yara rashin Dame Dandambu,

ga runji su nai man karya,

zirnako mai kayan yaki,

ba'a tabaka ba shiryo ba,

mai canyike kurwa danya,

duk maisun faɗa ya matso kusa,

ga mugun damen nan hili,

Zirnako mai kayan yaki,

ba'a tabaka ba shiryo ba,

maye dan mutan murawa,

mai canyikke kurwa danya.

A cikin wannan waƙa, Danbalade ya na nuna mana cewa ko shakka babu, Lawali Dame Morai da gaskiya yake yin wannan damben ba da wasa yake yi ba.

"Dan gadon fada ne yayyi,

shago ya yi yayin dambe,

bai saba bugun mata ba.

A nan Danbalade ya na sun ya bayyana mana irin jaruntakarsa, da kuma nuna bajinta da Dame-Morai yake da ita, idan an fito fagen fama.

Haka kuma kuma Danbalade Morai a cikin waƙarsa Danbalade Morai ta Balan Baƙoshi, ya fito ma na da wani jigo

Idan muka duba wannan waƙar za mu ga cewa zigon wannan waƙar ya fito ne acikin baitina bakwai. A nan jigon ya nuna mana cewa, Balan Baƙoshi wani shahararran dan dambe ne, wanda Danbalade Morai ya fito mana da jigon Juriya ga wonnan dan dambe wato Balan Bakoshi inda yake cewa:

"Hay kwangiri babban karfe,

babba na Alhaji dan mai shela,

da kai da faɗuwa sai kwana,

sai in zaka tsagunin bauli,

Acikin wannan baiti, Danbalade Morai ya nuna mana cewa Balan Bakashi, Shahararren dan dambe ne, sai dai ka ci duka ba zai kai shi kasa ba, saboda zamanai buwayayye sai dai kallo domin duk yadda ka yi ba za ya fadi ba kamar yadda mawaƙin ya nuna mana cewa, “da kai da faɗuwa sai kwana, sai in zaka zugunnin bauli" To kaga wani baitin ya nuna mana cewa shahararrene, duk abin da ka yi sai dai ka gaji ka barshi wuri nai.

Idan mu kayi la'akari da bayanin da ya gabata a nan za mu iya cewa wadannan wakokin na Danbalade Morai na da muhimmin saƙo, wannan saƙon kuwa nau'i - nau' ne daga cikinsu akwai babban saƙon da ya haifar da a aiwatar da su da ga cikinsa akwai saƙon zugi watau. Jigon zugi ke nan san nan akwai saƙon yabo watau Jigon yabo kenan, dan haka Jigon zugi shi ne babban jigon waƙoƙin Danbalade saboda. Kasancewar Danbalade makiɗin maza ne.

Danbalade Morai na tabbatar mana da cewa dama shi Jigon waƙoƙinsa zugi, domin acikin waƙarsa ta babban gwarzan sa watau Garban Jan Baƙo, akwai inda yake rerawa da bakinsa cewa:-

"Kai zanka bugun kasa ko bisa kwanya,

ai yanzu baran wani na rasa da nai,

lokacin ka kashe su gagara ya yi,

ko baka yi nufin ka kashe mana suba"

Saboda haka idan muka dubi wannan gutsiren waƙa ta Danbalade Morai za mu fahimci cewa wannan zugi ne ya ke yi tsakanin wasu muhimman gwarzayen 'yan wasa waton Garba Janbako da Danummaru.

Haka a cikin wannan waƙa har yanzu Danbalade Morai na cewa:-

Ni ka hadawa bani rabawa

Duk wadannan ire-ire zugi ne waton. Zugi dan dambe, shi da wasu kalmomi domin ya firgice ya yi kirari, ko wani abu mai kama da haka. Kamar ya ja wanda yasan ba warin sa ne ba da sauran su, haka kuma wannan zugin yana sa dan dambe jikinsa ya yi ta zan-zana, kuma wannan zugi ya na sanya ‘yan dambe kwana cikin shiri da ‘yan uwan su ko da ba su da masaniyar da wanda za’a zuga su ko hadu su da shi. Misali a cikin waƙar da Danbalade Morai ya yi ta Musa Narabi ta noma akwai inda yake cewa :-

Sai dare yana daji gona tai,

dawo na Rabi mai kalme wa kilba"

Shi kuma Jikin sa ya yi kaf da zan-zana sai ya fara kirari kamar haka:-

"Kai Garba mai kidin Noma,

wai na ji kana yabon kanen su ta farki,

to gobe in muka game wurin noma,

rannan sai anyi ba dare ba rana,

in bani ba Garba kanan su Tafarki,

rannan in ba a sha ga Gyamdama ta watse,

ko yaggiya ta tsuke ke shi.

Saboda haka ka ga wanan wani salon sugi ne wanda ke sa shi wannan manomi ya harzaƙa ya dauki cewa a she bari ya kwana a cikin shiri tunda har ga wani ya ce da shi haka.

Haka kuma har ila wayau akwai irin wannan zugin a cikin waƙar da Dan balade inda yake cewa:-

"Goze sha da magani ka yi wanka da magani jikan malan sauran magani ka ɗunke layu da karhuna,

haka saura ka shafa goginka,

dan dai na ga Danƙumayo na takaicinka,

amma ga kura ta tare gabon Garke,

ƙaƙa za su yi su koreta

Atakaice irin wannan zugi na tsakanin Manoma ya na da yawa, sai dai idan muka ɗauki irin zugin da Danbalade ya ke yiwa 'yan Dambe dan su nuna wata bajinta a tsakaninsu da kowa ba sai munce wannan ya fi yawa sosai watau wanda ya ke aiwatar mu su dan su nuna wata bajinta, wannan shi ya sanya Alhaji Danbalade yake ce ma su a cikin wata waƙarsa ta Garba Janbaƙo ya na cewa:-

"Komi in nayi kira ku zan amsawa,

kowa tsufa ya lalace,

Garba koda na yi kiran ku baku tabawa

Wannan ba komi ya ke nufi ba face su san cewa duk lokacin da ya zuga gwarzansa to koda bai yi wata babbar bajinta ba to ya yi ko da kirari ne misali kamar irin wannan zugin a cikin waƙar wani gwarzansa watau wanda ake kira Ya’u tsarkiya inda ya ke ce masa:

"Shafe Jini mu koma wasa,

Ya'u maganin maiwauta,

nasha ruwan bala'l babba,

fansarmu bata kai wa gabe”

sai shi kuma ya amsa masa da kirari ya na cewa.

hayya ni dan mai kawa!

hayya ni dan mai kawa!!

ai na ce na gagara,

ai na ce kafiri na sarki fawa,

ai nace kafiri na kande Bakura,
arna masu takakkar yaki,

ba yakin bingida ba yakin hannu,

ai na gagara sai dai kallo.

Shi kuma a wannan lokaci Alhaji Danbalade ya na gafe ɗaya ya na kiɗa kalangunsa ya na cewa "inhin-inhim" saboda dama shi ne abin da ya ke nema shi wannan zugi wanda shi Danbalade Morai ya ke amfani da shi dan zuga gwarzonsa akwai misalan irin wannan zugin wanda shi Danbalade Morai ya ke amfani da shi don zuga gwarzonsa akwai misalan irin wadan nan sunfi a gyarga a cikin waƙar "Garba Dankincimi" in da ya ke cewa:-

"Da inji ka yi gudu ko babu kiɗa ko wargi, kara ace min saboda faɗa ka ƙaura,

ko ka mace baka bar maganar komiba,

kar kaji tsoron mutuwa,

ko da gudu ko babu gudu,

mai mutuwa yau ba'a bari sai Jibi,

mai mutuwa jibi ko da bundiga to sai Jibi, "kai kun gani mutuwa ta baiyi mutuwa banza,

duk mai gudun mutuwa Garba ba ni kiɗa mai kawu"

Haka a cikin waƙar da ya wa "Sa'idu Danmututanan Wasagu" ya na cewa:-

"Da ɗafa ga kare ga kura,

har yau bai gane ba,

ya ce wurin bugun mai ƙarfi,

nace dai-dai baki,

kato na jiccewa,

badakkare na sarkin wasagu,

gago babban luddai,

ga damisa cikin rukuki,

ga mahwarauta na rego,

duk wanda yalleka,

icce na yage shi,

yazan kututturun bisa hanya,

cilas sai zagawa,

duk wanda duk yattakai,

hwarce na kallewa".

Haka kuma duk a cikin wannan waƙa ta Sa’idu dan mutanen wasagu' akwai inda ya zuga shi ya na cewa:-

"Rana ta sullata,

har yau bai kwantaba,

ayi yau gabe a koma,

arnen bai fasa ba"

Har yan zu a cikin waƙar wani mai suna - Lawalin kagara ya na cewa :

"Dawo antaru sarkin yaki"

yanzu ana bidowar ruwa,

Allah dai nika roƙo maza,

Allah da ya tsare lawali.

Haka duk a cikin wannan waƙar akwai inda ya ke cewa:-

Zaki kakkaji tsoron maza,

Mai jama wahala ta ganai,

don hurar wani bani gudun tau hura,

Alhaji bani gudun Lawali.

Haka kuma a cikin wata waƙa ta sa akwai inda ya ke ce masa :-

"zaburo dan Nana,

dan Ali Mahauci,

dan mutan kagarawa".

Saboda haka ko anan aka tsaya ya isa agane cewa duk kusan waƙoƙin Alhaji Danbalade Morai, su na ɗauke ne da saƙon zugi, domin da wuya ka sami daya wanda bai bayyana zugi ga wanda ake yiwa wannan waƙa ba, domin Alhaji Danbalade Morai baida wata waƙa a cikin kashe - kashen waƙoƙinsa kamar waƙar dambe. Saboda haka ka ga wannan wani salon zugi ne wanda ke sa shi wannan Dandambe ya harzuƙa ya tanka cewa a she bari ya kwana a cikin shiri tunda har ga wani ya ce da shi haka

Haka kuma ita waƙar akwa irin wannan zugin a cikin waƙarsa ta Noma da Danbalade ya yi ma salisu na liman waƙa inda ya ke cewa :

"Goze sha da magani,

ka yi wanka da magani,

jikan malam,

sauran magani ka dunke layu da karhuna,

Haka saura ka shafa goginka,

don dai na ga ɗanƙmayo na takai cinka,

Amma ga kura ta tare gabon Garke,

Kaka za su y isu kora ta"

Atakaice irin wannan zugi na tsakanin yandambe ko manoma ya na da yawa, sai dai mu kawo irin wadanda mu ke iya kawowa.

Jigon Habaici

Habaici wanda ya ke tamkar zagin kasuwa ne wani jigo ne wanda makaɗa Alhaji Danbalade Morai ke amfani da shi a cikin waƙoƙinsa domin ya adanta waƙarsa ko ya yi suka ga wani mutum zuwa ga wadansu yandambe ko wadansu mutane na daban. Haka kuma ya kan yi amfani da shi domin ya isar da wani saƙo ga sarki ko wanda ya kewa waƙa. Misali a cikin waƙarsa ta sarki Morai Banaga Abdulmalik in da ya ke cewa:-

ai ga wani yasha kashi,

ya iske tumaki kwacce,

sai yace ku wadan ga ina kwana ku".

Haka kuma cikin waƙarsa da yawa wani dandambe Saidu
dan mutanen Wasagu in da ya ke cewa:-

‘Su wane an sha kashe,

har yace man Baba,

har ya mai san boka,

yacce in diba mai,

niece ban saba ba".

A cikin duk kan wadannan misalai guda biyu da mu ka zai yano zamu ga cewa makaɗa Danbalade shi na habaici ga wadansu jama'a, haka kuma shi na da kyau a san cewa shi habaici ya babban ta da zambo, domin ba'a fadin siffar mutum ko sunan shi, sai dai a yi zagin kasuwa kowa ya doka don kai ne.

Bayan kuma duk a cikin wannan waƙa Danbalade Morai ya fito mana da Jigon habaici in da ya ke cewa:-

Haba ku buga mana fata sasai,

don mu gwado masu yakin kulli,

kyawan kiɗi na nura,

a buga mashi kirya dai-dai,

ai ga wasu na waƙoƙi,

na ji sunai mana habshin karnai.

Idan muka duba, wadannan baitoci shi wannan mawaƙi Danbalade Morai ya na yi wa ‘yanuwansa mawaƙa habaicin kiɗi domin ya Ji wasu na masa habshin karnai. To shi dai Danbalade ya na nuna mana cewa kyan kiɗi a zan saurare, sannan kuma a buga mashi ƙirya daidai domin kowa ya jiya.

Haka kuma wani muhimmin jigo da Danbalade ya fito mana da shi a cikin wannan waƙa shine jigon zuga, ya kawo wannan jigo a cikin wani baiti da ya ke cewa:

Dare ba rugawa"

haba duhu kake dakin bori,

daɗa hwa ga kare ga kura,

ni dai na rasa gane kansu,

damina ta kama ga iska ya taso,

hanya mu ka dubi yara,

in dai kakkashe yaron cali,

Garba liyo don yazo,

Sai ya buga manna bonzo sosai.

Idan muka duba wannnan baitoci za mu ga cewa Danbalade ya na zuga Balan Bakoshi domin ya harzuka shi ya ja har wanda bai ima, kamar inda Dabalade Morai, ya ke cewa:- Dada hwa ga kare ga kura, ni dai na rasa gane kansu." Idan muka yi la'akari da wannan baiti shi dai danbalade ya na zuga wannan shahararren dan dambe, domin ya husata ya farma abokin damben sa koda ya fishi karfi.

Jigon juriya.

Haka kuma Danlade Morai ya yi amfani da jigon juriya. Watau anan ana nuna ainihin karfin halin mutun wajen jurewa wahala ko wace iri ce da kuma nu na cewa idan wani ya samu kansa cikin wannan wahala to ba shakka ba zai yi raki ba misali a cikin waƙar da Danbalade Morai ya yi inda ya ke cewa:-

"Hay kwangiri babban ƙarfe,

babba na Alhaji dan mai shela,

da kai da faɗuwa sai kwana,

sai zaka tsugunnin bauli".

Jigo zambo

Haka kuma Danbalade Morai ya yi amfani da jigo zambo, Zambo shi ne munana mutum ko kuma muzanta shi mawaƙan maza ba haka abin ya ke a garesu ba domin kuma uwayen gidansu su ka wa zambo. Kuma su na zambatar wani daya daga cikin kishiyoyin su misali a cikin waƙar Danbalade Morai ya na cewa :-

Dan yardar Allah "yan unwala,

sai mun kashikke dogo,

haka dan fara sai rawar calawa,

mun kashi mai ɗuwayyun mata,

Idan muka yi la'akari da wandannan baitiocin za mu ga cewa ko
shakka babu Danbalade Morai ya yi zambo ne ga wadannan kiyoshi yan dambe domin ya ƙara rage mu su darajja a idon jama'a domin shi wannan shahararren dan dambe ya kara harzuƙa kuma darajarsa da ƙara fitowa a idan mutane.

Jigon yabo

Yabon alhairi

Shi wannan jigon na yabo da Alhaji Danbalade ke amfani da shi wajen yabon mutanen da ka taimaka masa saboda nuna gamsuwar su da irin abinda ya ke yi kamar irin su hajiya yar fara, da Mamman Bello, da sauransu misalin irin wannan a cikin waƙar Lawali Dame Morai inda ya ke yabon mamman Bello ya na cewa :-

"Mamman Bello in a yaba girma,

Alhaji hali na so yayyo min,

Mamman Bello kai nika Kallo,

don magana guda yaka yo man,

in kau ya fadi ta zauna,

don dai babu mai tayar mai,

domin ya ba yaro ya ba babba,

ya ba makaho da mai idanubiyu,

ya ba talakka ya ba sarki,

ya ba gurmu da mai kafafu biyu,

ya ba maraya da mai uwaye biyu,

Muhammadu Bello idan zai kyauta tai,

shi bai kula tafi gaban na gode,

Haka kuma har yanzu a cikin wannan waƙa akwai yabon mutane da dama kamar haka inda ya ke cewa:

"Aminu mai kaset ya kyauta,

alheri naso yayyo min,

godiya ga kwamishina Ali,

mai kidi mun gode mai,

saboda yai mana halin girma,

Allah ya barshi ya inganta shi’.

Har yanzu idan muka duba a cikin waƙar Saddin Matankari wani gwarzo na Alhaji Danbalade akwai irin wannan yabon inda ya ke cewa:-

"Alhaji Mun gode mai,

don ya yi mungani
kujera yan mika man,

yau gashi mungani,

Oh, godiya ni kai,

Alhaji Gado asa na mayanci,

ni Abubakar Allah Kyauta".

Jigon Yabo irin na koɗawa

Kamar yadda muka bayana baya cewa akwai jigon Yabo irin na koɗawa watau, yabo ne da ake amfani da wasu kalmomi irin wadan da su yandambe su ke son a rinƙa kiransu da su ko wani ƙazamin aiki wanda za a yabe su da shi ace su su ka yi shi ko da ko ba su aikata shi ba misali, irin wadannan kalmomi sun fara ne tun daga sunayensu misali zaka ji sunnan su kamar haka: Dan hayaƙi, Jaki Bakada Bindi; Gago babban luddaI; Danmutuwa, Ya'u Tsarkiya, Ali zuma Bala na arawa da dai sausansu

To dai kamar yadda sunayen nan na su ya ke to a kuIlun haka su ke son a rinƙa yabon da ire-ire wadannan ababe misali idan ka dubi waƙar babban gwarzonsa watau yabo kamar inda ya ke cewa:-

"Hay gagari gaba ai tafiya ba fasawa,

Nazaune baiga gari ba,

doli uwar na ki,

tafiya noman farke,
koggaji bai saba ba,

ai wanda yattaɓa ka bamu rabawa,

agogo mai cika aiki dai- dai,

rana tayi la'asar ba'a canzu kafa ba,
kwacce gwarno shina da yaki,

ai daudu mai kiɗi ba' a farma zuma ba,

kai canka mai ginar rame,

mu dai fadi mukai kaicanka na kogo",

Kai abin sai dai kurum domin idan ka dubi irin wannan yabo ka san cewa daban ne da irin wanda Alhaji Danbalade ya ke wa su Aminu mai kaset irin su Alhaji mai Nagani Sakkawato da dai sauransu.

Haka idan ka duba a cikin waƙar Lawali Kagara, akwai irin wannan yabon inda ya ke cewa:-

haba Ado naga kana zazzana;

wai ya ga kamar ya hode Lawali,

ranar karon maza damazaizai,

ka bigi ado sai da yajjicce,

har yazzaye cinaina fage,

har yayyada kwabo nai hudu.

Haka kuma cikin waƙar jaki bakoda bindi ya na cewa:-

"Da kai da faduwa sai kwana,

sai dai kasha bugu ƙirgin ka ya tade,

bida bayi mai ki fadi".

Saboda haka irin wanda Alhaji Danbalade ya ke yi wa ‘yandambe ba irin sa ne ya ke yi wa mutanen da ke bashi alheri ba amma dai duk yabo ne.

4.6.2. Salon waƙar Danbade Morai

Ma’anar salo it ace:

Wata hanya ce ko dabara ce da mawaƙa ko marubucin waƙa ke bi domin ya isar da saƙo ga masu saurarensa.

Ire-iren salai-lan da ya ke amfani da su, game gari ga duk wani mawaƙi ko marubuci shi ne salon siffantawa wani nau’i ne na salo wanda mawaƙi ke amfani da shi ya siffanta wani abu da ka ganshi kace aiwannan ne. A ƙarƙashin wannan akwai salo daban-daban misali salo kamanci, salon kinaya salon jinsarwa, salon alamtarwa da sauransu. Gusau, S. M. Nazarin Zaɓaɓɓun waƙoƙin baka na Hausa, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero. (1984).

Saboda haka Alhaji Danbalade Morai ya fi amfani da salon jinsarwa acikin waƙoƙinsa. Salon jinsarwa: shine wani nou’i na salon siffantawa wanda ke nufin daukar darajar wani a ɗarowa wani wato kamar ka ɗauki darajar mutum kaba dabba, ko ta tabba kaba mutum.To shi jinsarwa saƙo ne wanda ya kasu gida? (uku) kamar haka:-

1. Matumtarwa

2. Dabbantarwa

3. Abuntarwa

A cikin waƙarsa wanda ya yiwa wani tsohon soja ya yi amfani da salon kambamawa in da ya ke cewa:-

‘Sa maza la’ana soja,

Soja mazaizan fama,

babbaku kushewar faru,

doli akan sauna tai,

hannun ka wuta saja,

soja mazaizan fama,

gugilme itacen kabari,

soja ana saunatai,

bakinkirin barin mai toka,

na gwamna ana saunatai,

tsai tsayedai sallar gawa.

Haka kuma Alhaji Danbalade ya yi amfani da salon kambamawa a cikin waƙarsa ta Balan Bakoshi ya yi amfani da salon babbantarwa da kuma salon abuntarwa kamar haka inda ya ke cewa:-

"Hay kwangiri babban ƙarfe,

baba na Alhaji dan mai shela,

dare ba rugawa,

baba duhu kake ɗakin bori".

Sannan kuma akwai inda ya ke cewa:-

"Zirnako mai kayan yaƙi,

ba’a taɓaka ba shiryo ba,

maye dan mutan murawa,

mai canyekke kurwa ɗanya"

A cikin waƙarsa wadda ya yiwa sa’idu dan mutan wasagu, wato wani shaharren gwarzanshi ya yi amfani da kaɗan daga cikin salon abuntarwa kamar haka:-

‘Ai damisa cikin ruƙuƙi,

ga mafarauta na rego,

wanda duk yaregai,
mutuwa na ɗaukeshi,

ya zan kutulturun bisa hanya cilas sai zagawa,

wanda duk yattankai hwarce na kallewa?

Sannan kuma ya yi amfani da salon dabbatarwa a cikin waƙar, in da ya ke cewa:-

Toron giwa mai bantsoro,

ko wajjama ya na sauka,

mazan jiran gaba,

doli maza su ke tsoro".

Sannan Alhaji Danbalade Morai a cikin waƙarsa da ya yi wa Muhammadu Dan sanyinna ya yi amfani da wasu salailai na kambamawa, domin ya isar da saƙo ko ya fito da ma'anar waƙar domin ta yi armashi ga mai sauraro ga ta kamar haka:-

"Ya kututturun bisa hanya Mamman Dansanyinna, gagarau mai doguwa mai iska,

kana hana karya Mamman Dansanyinna,

Mamman na maina koren daga,

gagarau mai hana yawan dambe,

agai da mamman zakin Jirgi,

kai wannan Karen sarani,

na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

mai doguwa mai iska,

masu fada da mugun sara,

na gaishe ka na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

ba janka fada Jiyawan ƙarfe,

ba kanta na maina Mamman dogo".

Wadannan ire-ire salai lai da Alhaji Danbalade ke amfani da su mun saurare su ne da kadan kadan a cikin kasusuwa da muka saurara, da kuma wasu 'yan dambe. Haka idan aka duba za mu fahimci cewa Alhaji Danbalade Morai ya na amfani da salon mai-maitawa a cikin waƙoƙinsa misali kamar a cikin waƙar Lawali Dame Morai inda ya ke cewa:-

"Gyara Allah, gyara sarki,

gyara wahilin ya lillali,

ya Jalla baban kowa".

Haka zalika, a cikin waƙar "sarkinfawa" watau sarkin fawan da Alhaji Danbalade Morai, ya fara yiwa waƙa akwai inda ya ke amfani da irin wannan salo na maimaitawa inda ya ke cewa:-

Kai dan asalin fawa dodo,

Kai dan asalin fawa dodo" da sauransu.

A nan za mu kalli nau’oin salo a nazarin adabin hausa kamar haka :

1. Salo sassauka ko miƙaƙƙen salo, wananan shi ne salo mai saukin fahimta wadda maisauraro zai fahimci mawaƙi akan abinda ya ke son isar da saƙo. Shi ne mawaƙi ya yi amfani da kalmomin hausa sassauƙa.

2. Salon tafiyar kura ko kwongaba kwonbaya ko salo maganar mata, shi wannan salo shi ne wanda mawaƙi zai sarrafa waƙarsa ta hanyar sai ya na ba maisauraro labari kaitsayi sai kuma ya yanke ya dawo baya ko kuma ya kawo wani abu sabo shi wannan salo ya na ba maisauraro ciwan kai ko rashin fahimtar saƙo cikin sauki.

3. Salo mai armashi da nashaɗantarwa, wannan salo shi ne wanda mawaƙi zai kawo nishaɗi da burgewa, wannan salo shi ne wanda zai sa mai sauraro ya yi ta sauraron waƙa harƙarshenta. Shi ne mai sa nishaɗi da bandariya ga mai sauraro.

4. Salo kwarjanta harshe, shi wannan salo shi ne wanda ya ke ƙara kwarjinin harshe ga maisauraro in da mawaƙi zai riƙa kawo karin magana da habaicida sauransu.

5. Salon ɗanmagori acikin wannan salo ne mawaƙi ya ke wasa kansa da kansa ko kuma ya wasa tauraronsa kafin ya haɗu da abokin gaba da dai sauransu.

6. A kwai salo kashe jiki shi irin wannan salo, shi ne salon da mawaƙi zai yi ta kawo abubuwan al’ajabi ko ma su bantsoro, ko tausayi wadan da za su sa mai sauraro jikinsa ya mutu ko tsoro ma ya kamashi.

7. Salon waskiya ko kauceya, wanana salo shi ne wanda mawaƙi zai yi amfani da dubaru dan ya kaucewa haɗarin da zai faɗa ko kuma ya kaucewa jin kunya, duk acikin wannan salo ne mawaƙi zai yi ƙoƙarin kaucewa irin haɗarin da ya shiga tun farkon waƙarsa.

8. Salon jinsarwa shi ne wani nau’i na salon siffantawawanda ke nufin daukar darajar wani a dorawa wani wato kamar ka ɗauki darajar mutum ka ba dabba, ko darajar dabba ka ba mutum. Misali ; Mutmtarwa, Dabbantarwa da Abutarwa.

9. Salon kambamawa shi ne wanda mawaƙi ke amfani domin ya kambama wanda ya ke wa waƙa don ya yi abinda bai isa ya yi ba. Dokta Tanimu Yaraduwa. Adabin Hausa, acikin laccassa ya fada a Bayero Kano .2/4/2008.

4.6.2.1. Salon Sarrafa Harshe

Da farko zamu kalli ma’anar salon sarrafa harshe. To salon sarrafa harshe dai masana sun yi rubuce – rubuce akan ma’anar salon sarrafa harshe, a nazarin adabin hausa. Shima wani masanin adabin hausa mai suna Isah Muktar wanda ya rubuta ma’anar salon sarrafa harshe a cikin littafensa mai suna Jagoran nazarin salon ƙagaggun labarai a 2002. Ya na cewa “Salon sarrafa harshe wani fage ne na more zaƙe, ko kwalliya da mawaƙi ko marubuci yake ɗauke dad a suyadda za su bada zantukka masu ma’ana da shawa da hikima a cikin waƙarsa.

Acikin salon sarrafa harshe Danbalade Morai yake sarrafa harshe ta hanyar jujjuya kalmomi, a cikin jimloli masu sauƙin fahimta, a inda yake yin amfani da kalmomi sassauƙa domin ya kaucewa tsofaffin kalmomi sannan kuma idan zai taƙaita sai kuma ya taƙaita cikin sababbin kalmomi.

Misali a cikin waƙarsa ta Mahammadu Dansanyinna inda yake cewa :

"Ya kututturun bisa hanya Mamman Dansanyinna, gagarau mai doguwa mai iska,

kana hana karya Mamman Dansanyinna,

Mamman na maina koren daga,

gagarau mai hana yawan dambe,

agai da mamman zakin Jirgi,

kai wannan Karen sarani,

na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

mai doguwa mai iska,

masu fada da mugun sara,

na gaishe ka na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

ba janka fada Jiyawan ƙarfe,

ba kanta na maina Mamman dogo".

Duk a cikin salon sarrafa harshe ne Danbalade Morai yake ƙoƙarin adanta waƙarsa, watau ya yi kwalliya wajen waƙarsa, ta yadda yake amfani da kalaman jawo hankali ga mai saurarnsa ta hanyar luggar harshe misali: kamar su salon kamantawa, salon mutuntawa, salon dabbatarwa da ƙarangiya. Haka kuma tattare da adan harshe Danbalade Morai, ya yi ta amfani da kawo Karin Magana domin waƙarsa ta yi armashi ga mai sauraro, daga cikin adan da Danbalade Morai ya fi amfani da su su ne salon kamantawa, salon mutuntawa, salon dabbatarwa.

4.6.2.2. Salon Amshi

Ya za ma dole idan ana zancen makaɗa Danbalade Morai ayi zancen yanamshi, domin su ne masu taimaka masa wajen fito da waƙarsa. Saboda da yawa za kaji a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsa idan ya faɗi kan waƙar ba zai ƙara cewa komai bas ai dai ya rinƙa yi musu shara su ko suna cigaba da waƙar har ƙarshenta, kamar yadda a waɗansu waƙoƙin su kuma yanamshin idan su ka yi amshi ɗaya a farko ba su ƙara cewa komai har sai ƙarshenta ayi amshi ɗaya, wannan yana faruwa ne domin mafi yawan waƙoƙinsa kamar bayanin wani abu ne da ya faru yake yi.

Misali a cikin waƙarsa ta Mahammadu Dansanyinna inda yake cewa:

"Ya kututturun bisa hanya Mamman Dansanyinna, gagarau mai doguwa mai iska,

kana hana karya Mamman Dansanyinna,

Mamman na maina koren daga,

gagarau mai hana yawan dambe,

agai da mamman zakin Jirgi,

kai wannan Karen sarani,

na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

mai doguwa mai iska,

masu fada da mugun sara,

na gaishe ka na Abu mai hana yawan dambe,

ba janka fada Jiyawan ƙarfe,

ba kanta na maina Mamman dogo".

Haka a cikin waƙar da ya wa "Sa'idu Danmututanan Wasagu" ya na cewa:-

"Da ɗafa ga kare ga kura,

har yau bai gane ba,

ya ce wurin bugun mai ƙarfi,

nace dai-dai baki,

kato na jiccewa,

badakkare na sarkin wasagu,

gago babban luddai,

ga damisa cikin rukuki,

ga mahwarauta na rego,

duk wanda yalleka,

icce na yage shi,

yazan kututturun bisa hanya,

cilas sai zagawa,

duk wanda duk yattakai,

hwarce na kallewa".

Idan muka saurari misalinmu na farko za mu ji cewa yanamshi da su ka yi amshi ɗaya a farko ba su ƙara cewa komai har sai ƙarshenta duk kalamansa ne har sai ƙarshenta su ka karba, wannan ya faruwa ne domin kamar bayani ne yake na wani abu da ya faru yake yi .Haka kuma, idan muka saurari misalinmu na biyu za mu ji cewa yanamshi ne su ke ta amshi tun a farko da ya yi musu shara baiƙara cewa komai har sai ƙarshenta duk kalamansu ne har sai ƙarshenta su ka karba baki ɗaya. Waɗannan su ne misalan salon amshin waƙoƙin.

4.6.3. Zubi Da Tsarin waƙoƙinsa

Wata hanya ce ko dabara ce da mawaƙa ko marubucin waƙa ke bi domin ya tsara waƙarsa akan wasu layukka na fasaha ‘yandaya, biyu, uku ko fiye da haka. Domin ya isar da saƙonsa cikin sauƙi. Misali :

Ita wannan waƙar Danbalade Morai ya fara ta ne kai tsaye tare da nuni zuwa ga ‘yan dambe ya na cewa: -

« Hay ina mazan suke,

ko wajjaka wuya na cinai,

hay ga jifa kan mai tsokai,

Haka kuma wannan mawaƙi Danbalade Morai ya kuma tsara waƙarsa ne acikin baiti biyu-biyu, sannan yan mai maita wasu daga cikin baitocin bayan haka yan amshi su na yi mashi ƙari.

Haka zalika a cikin wannan waƙa Danbalade Morai ya fara kaitsaye da kiran Dame Morai, ya na cewa :

‘Hay ina shagon Morai yakkoma,

kai kassa mazaze tube’

Bayan haka wannan mawaƙi (Danbalade Morai) ya tsara wakarsa ne acikin baiti biyu-biyu, sannan ya na marmaita wasu daga cikin baitocin, bayan haka ‘yanamshi su na yi mashi ƙari.

4.7. Naɗewa.

A cikin wannan babi mun fara gabatar da shi ne. Inda aaka kawo bayanai game da gundarin taken bincike. Wato, fashin baƙi a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa a inda mu ka fara da shinfiɗa,Tarihin Danbalade Morai, Haihuwarsa, ƙurciyarsa da Tasowarsa da Neman iliminsa, Koyo da fara waƙoƙinsa, Yaransa, Yawace – yawacensa, Shirya waƙoƙinsa, Rasuwarsa, Matsayin Danbalade Morai a tsakanin mawaƙan Da da na yanzu, Kayan kiɗansa, Nau’oin waƙoƙinsa, Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, Nazarin waƙoƙinsa, Jigon waƙoƙinsa, Warwarar jigo, Salon waƙar Danbade Morai, Salon Sarrafa Harshe, Salon Amshi, Zubi Da Tsarin waƙoƙinsa da kuma Naɗewa.

BABI NA BIYAR

SAKAMAKON BINCIKE

5.0. Shinfiɗa

Kamar yadda za mu gani a cikin wannan babi na biyar shi ne babin ƙarshe a wannan bincike da aka gabatar. Za mu gabatar da shinfiɗa, sakamakon bincike, shawarwari, naɗewa da kuma manazarta

5.1. Sakamakon Bincike

Wannan bincike ya koro bayanai acikin sassauƙar hausa yadda mai karatu ko nazarin hausa zai iya karantawa ya fahimmci abinda wannan aikin yake tafe da shi na Danbade Morai da waƙoƙinsa. Sakamakon wannan bincike shine bincike tare da gano jigogi da salailai na waƙoƙin maza musamman a kan waƙoƙin Danbalade Morai, tare da zayyana irin rawar da waƙoƙinsa ke takawa cikin, adabin Hausa.

Bayan haka tabbas sakamakon wannan bincike shine taimakawa wajen raya adabin Hausa, da kuma bar ma na baya tarihi da abin koyi da ƙara harzukasu kan su tashi tsaye gadan-gadan domin ganin anci gaba da raya wannan adabi na Hausa.

Ko shakka babu, muna hasashen cewa kammaluwar wannan aiki zai taimaka wajen raya harshen Hausa dan haka ya sa muka zaɓi rubuta kundinmu a kan nazarin Danbalade Morai da wakokinsa.

Ba shakka a sakamakon wannan aiki, waƙoƙin Hausa na da babban muhimmanci kwarai ga rayuwar Hausawa. Waƙa ta baka ko rubutatta, kamar yadda muka sani tun ba yau ba, ita ce hanya mafi sauki da ake bi wajen isar da saƙo ga Jama’a.

Babban sakamakon shine Kasancewar waƙoƙin baka na Hausa, ya ƙara ba mu sha’awa da ƙwarin gwiwa na yin wannan bincike, domin mu bayyana hikimar Alhaji Danbalade Morai.

Muna hasashen cewa wannan kundi ne domin ya zama kundin tara bayanai da kuma sha’awar nazarin harshen hausa, ko shakka babu ; muna da ƙwararan dalilai da ya sa muka zaɓi rubuta kundinmu a kan nazari a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa.

5.2. Shawarwari

Dangane da wannan bincike da aka aiwatar, shawarwarin da nazarin zai bayar sun ta’allaƙa ne kai tsaye ga marubuta da manazarta da kuma masu sauraro da makaranta waƙoƙin baka na Hausa tare da makarantun da ake nazarin harshen hausa a kowane mataki, da kafofin watsa labarai da kuma iyaye ko masu kula da sha’anin tarbiyar masu tasowa.

Haƙiƙanin gaskiya, da marubuta da masu sauraro da ma su nazarin waƙoƙin baka za su iya amfani da iliminsu da hikimar da Allah ya hore musu, su dawo rakiyar waƙoƙin da suka shafi sha’anin duniya da akeyi domin samun dukiya, su koma kan na fadakar da mutane da tarbiyyantar da su da an samu kyakkyawan ci gaba a cikin al’umma. Babban abin da za’a lura da shi shine, waƙoƙin a lokuttan baya masu dauke da manufofin wadanda da su ne ake amfani da su domin madubin rayuwa, sun sha babban da na yanzu.

5.3. Naɗewa

Kamar yadda aka ga sunan wannan aiki « Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa », wannan babi shine babin da aka naɗe tabarmar binciken, wato babin ƙarshe a wannan bincike da aka gabatar. An tantauna sakamakon binciken da aka yi da irin nasarori da aka samu. Sannan kuma an yi duba zuwa ga shawarwarin da za su taimaka ga ci gaban aikin da kuma amfanin al’umma.

A babi na farko a cikin tsarin wannan aiki an kawo abubuwa da dama wanda suke sune muhimman bayanai na shimfida. Da farko an kawo gabatarwa da shinfiɗa, manufar bincike, hasashen bincike, farfajiyar bincike, matsalolin bincike, muhimmancin bincike, hanyoyin gudanar da bincike da kuma naɗewa.

Babi na biyu kuwa, wanda shine na biyu a cikin tsarin wannan aiki an kawo abubuwa wanda suke sune muhimman bayanai kamar haka; Shinfiɗa bitar ayukkan da su ka gabata, hujjar cigaba da bincike, da kuma naeɗewa.

Shi kuwa babi na uku Kamar yadda za mu gani acikin wanana babi na uku shi ne, wanda aka kawo fashin baƙi a kan ma’anonin da suka shafi taken bincike a inda aka fara fara da shinfiɗa, ma’anar waƙa, ire – iren waƙa, ma’anar jigo da ire-irensa, zubi da tsari da kuma ma’anar salo da ire-irensa tare da cikakken misalai sai kuma naɗewa.

Babi na hudu kuwa wanda nan ne zuciyar aikin. Kamar yadda muka gani a cikin wannan babi na hudu shi ne, fashin baƙi a kan Danbalade Morai da waƙoƙinsa a inda aka fara da shinfiɗa, Takaitaccen Tarihin Danbalade Morai, waƙoƙin Danbalade Morai, waƙarsa ta Dambe, waƙarsa ta Noma, waƙarsa ta Sarauta, da Waƙar Fawa naeɗewa.

Daga ƙarshe a wannan bincike da aka gabatar, an gabatar da shinfiɗa da bayani akan sakamakon bincike da kuma gabatar da shawarwari, nadewa da kuma manazarta

MANAZARTA

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A cikin kaset muka ciro waƙoƙin Danbalade Morai, da mu ka yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da wannan aikin.

A cikin Littafen Fulani Empire muka samu Takaitaccen tarihin garin Morai a shafi na 928 don nemen ƙarin bayani.

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Hamza, (2011) Salo da sarrafa harshe a waƙoƙin Aminuddeen Ladan Abubakar (ALA). a kundinsa na neman digirin farko a sashen koyar da Harsunan Nigeriya Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato,

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Hira da Malam Usman dan Fari da mu' awuya ban ban dan sa .(…)

Hukumar Adana Kayan Tarihi ta waziri Junaidu, Sakkwato.

Amsoshi

Danbalade Morai Da Wakokinsa

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