Tarihin Masarautar Kwatarkwashi (5)

Kundin Binciken Neman Digirin Farko (B.A Hausa) Wanda Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.

Tarihin Masarautar Kwatarkwashi (5)

Na

AMINU MURTALA

BABI NA HUƊU

4.0  Takaitaccrn Tarihin Ƙasar Kwatarkwashi

 A shekara (1400) ne haddadiyar daular Katsina ta fara mulkin garuruwan da ke ƙarƙashin daular Zamfara tun farkon mulkin daulolin ƙasar nan ta Hausa. Asalin garuruwan da ke ƙarƙashin yankin ƙasar Katsina duk a shugabancin sarkin Katsina suke yawancin masu mulkin garuruwan Katsinawa ne suka yaƙi ɓangaren wata ƙasa sauran kuwa ba yaƙi bane sai zaman lafiya a tsakanin garuruwan da suke makwabtaka da su sanadiyar haka suke ƙarƙashin mulki ɗaya da garuruwa kamar haka:- Zurmi da Kiyawa da Ƙauran Namoda da Rawayya da ‘Yandoton-Daji da Maru da Bunguɗu da Magami da Dauran da sauransu. Garuruwan farko da ke ƙarƙashin Daular Katsina a can da bayan masarautar Katsina ta basu wal-walar samun ‘yanci ga waɗannan garuruwan wasu kuma saboda jaruntaka suka maida yankin ƙasa baya ga sauran garuwan da suke kuɓuta suna nan a matsayin gari-gari kowane ya ɗebi nashi yanki.

 Bayan wannan ne aka samu garuruwa kamar haka:- Tofa da Magami da ‘Yandoton-Daji da Bunguɗu da Rawayya da Ɗan-kurmi da Gada da Maru da sauransu. Wannan ya faru tun ƙarni na (12-13) an samu ƙasashe da garuruwa a cikin ƙarni na (15-16), wannan kuwa ya faru tun kafin Jihadin Shehu Usman Ɗanfodiyo waɗannan garuruwa suke a ƙasar Zamfara kuma sune tushen Zamfara na farko.

 Kwatarkwashi gari ne mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi asali da jarumtaka. An samu kafuwar ƙasar Kwatarkwashi a cikin ƙarni na (14) kimanin shekaru (611) da suka wuce wato (1400) zuwa yau.

Sunan kwatarkwashi dutse da ganuwa in da Maiki ya shahara saboda yawan duwatsun da Allah ya albarkaci wurin da su.

Garin kwatarkwashi ya yi iyaka da masarautar Mada daga gabas. A kudu maso gabas kuwa garin ya yi iyaka da masarautar Tsafe. Ta arewa kuwa garin ya yi iyaka da masarautar Ƙaurar Namoda. Harwa yau garin ya yi iyaka da Gusau babban Birnin Jahar Zamfara daga yamma.

Sunan kwatarkwashi ta samu asali ne daga wanda ya kafa garin kwatarkwashi tun farko mai suna Mangul.

Shi wannan mutumin ya yi ƙaura ne daga Katsina a bisa ga sana’arsa ta harbi lokacin sarkin Katsina Kumayo. Sunan Mangul ya ɓata sanadiyar kyautatawa da alhairin da yakan kaiwa sarkin Katsina a cikin wani baho da ake kira Kwatashi. Bisa haka ne sarkin Katsina ya sa masa suna sarkin Kwatashi zuwa Kwatarkwashi.

Tun da aka kafa ƙasar Kwatarwashi ba a taɓa cinta da yaƙi ba, saboda jaruntaka al’ummar wannan gari suna da kyakkyawan jagoranci da suka samu na shugabanni duk da yawan kawo hari da Namoda da Banaga dan Bature na Morai suka kai mata. Hasalima dai lokacin mulkin mallaka, kwatarkwashi ta yi fice sosai inda har ta kai ga ana jin tsoron auka mata ta hanyar hari da tsangwama da faɗa ko ƙwace.

Cikin wannan halin ne a cikin watan Yuli na (1903) a ka yi arangama da wasu sojojin turawan mulkin mallaka ƙarƙashin (Captain Wallace Wright) inda suka sha kashi, har daga baya aka ci kwatarkwashi tarar fam (35). A kan wannan faɗa da nasara da kwatarkwashi ta yi.

 

4.1 Ƙasar Kwatarkwashi Gabanin Jihadin Shehu Usman Ɗanfodiyo

 Ƙasar Kwatarkwashi an kafa ta ne tun ƙarni na (14-15) don ba wannan zama ne na farko ba amma asalin waɗanda suka kafa garin an ce sun taso ne daga Katsina wato Katsinawa ne. A farkon yadda zangonsu sun sauka ne a garin “Kofi” sun kuma da daɗe a nan don sun yi kimanin shekaru (560) a nan yankin kusa da duwatsu. Daga nan ne suka taso zuwa gari na biyu mai suna “Unguwa” nan ma sunyi kimanin shekaru (560) ne daga nan sai suka matsa a gari na uku mai suna “Tungai” a nan ma sunyi shekaru (560) kuma shi ne zamansu na ƙarshe a kewayen duwatsu.

A duk inda suka kafa gari ya zama alƙarya kuma har yanzu waɗannan garuruwan da suka fara zama akwai mutane ciki sosai, kuma duk ɗiya da jikoki da tattaɓa kunne ne ke mulkin garuruwan da ƙasar baki ɗaya. Daga tashinsu a garin na uku sai suka matsa gaba a inda suka koma saman Dutse sun kuma daɗe a can sama suna gudanar da rayuwarsu yadda ya kamata don sun yi shekara da shekaru kafin su sauko saman dutsen da gudanar da harkokin rayuwarsu na yau da kullun. Shugabansu wanda ya fara hawa saman duwatsun shi kaɗai ke sama bayan saukowarsu a ƙasa.

An ba garin suna ne daga sunan jagoransu a wannan garin shi ne “Kwatashi” wai a hau Kwatashi shi ne haye dutse sama daga nan aka bashi suna Kwatashi a matsayin shugabann garin wato Sarki kenan. Bayan sun sauko ne aka maida sunan garin ana ce mashi kwatarkwashi har ta zama wani yankin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. A nan ne duk Maguzawan ƙasar Zamfara ke zuwa “Bautar Tsafinsu na Magiro” a duk shekara a ke haɗuwa ranar kasuwar garin.

Wannan buki idan lokacin shi ya yi wato shekara ta zagayo kenan sai an taru a wuri ɗaya sai a ɗunguma zuwa gidan Sarki don kai gaisuwa gare shi kuma wannan hanya ita ce mafi sauƙin zuwa wurin Tsafin domin tanan ne a ke hawan Dutse cikin sauki. Tun daga zuwansu na hawan duwatsun tare da saukowarsu a ƙasan dutsen har zuwa yanzu masana tarihin ƙasa da nazari tare da bincike sun ce Kwatarkwashi a yanzu ta yi shekaru (561). Lalle shi wannan garin na ƙarshe ya samu kafuwa ne tun kafin Jihadin Shehu Usman Ɗanfodiyo a ƙasar Hausa baki ɗayanta.

4.2  Tarihin Mai Martaba Sarkin Kwatarkwashi na Yanzu

 Mai Martaba Kwatarkwashi Alh. Ahmad Umar Sarkin Kwatarkwashi na (28) a jerin sarakunan ƙasar Kwatarkwashi daga (1400) zuwa yau. Ɗa ne ga Kwatarkwashi Ummaru na III jikan Dabo ne kuma tsatson Kwatashi ne sarkin kwatarkwashi na farko daya cika shekaru (59) a bisa mulki ko sarautar ƙasar Kwatarkwashi, bugu da ƙari shi ne Emir na farko a masarautar Kwatarkwashi.

An haifi mai Martaba a nan gidan Sarautar Kwatarkwashi kimanin shekara (90), (1928). Mahaifin, mai Martaba Kwatarkwashi Ummaru III shi ne Sarkin Kwatarkwashi kuma ya yi Sarautar Kwatarkwashi har na tsawon shekau (33).

Bisa tsarin tarbiyar Musulunci da al’adunmu na Hausawa mai Martaba ya yi koyon karatunsa na Ƙur’ani tsakanin (1934-1941), ya fara ne da karatu a Makarantar Malam Rabi’u a nan garin Kwatarkwashi.

Daga nan ya koma samawa, in da yayansa ke sarautar sarkin yaƙi ya kuma ci gaba da karatunsa na Islamiya a Makarantar Malam Muhammadu Babba. Haka kuma mai Martaba ya yi Islamiya a Ɗan Musa ta Jahar Katsina da garin Isa ta Jahar Sakkwato, mai Martaba ya fara karatun koyon yaƙi da Jahilci a garin samawa wato (Adult Education) a shekarar (1941) Malaminsa a lokacin shi ne Malam Hassan ya yaba da ƙwazon mai Martaba wajen fahimtar dukkan darussan daya yi masa.

A shekarar (1942) mai Martaba ya samu zama Malam Hakimi (Ɓillage Head) na sarkin yaƙin samawa. Ya riƙi wannan matsayi har na tsawon shekaru (18) cikin natsuwa da nasara da kuma mutuntawa ga al’umma.

A shekarar (1954) mai Martaba ya zama sarkin yaƙin samawa inda ya gaji yayansa kwatarkwashi na lokacin, mai Martaba ya riƙe wannan matsayin cikin nasara da girmama al’umma da kuma mutuntawa ga talakawansa.

A ranar (17 ga watan Maris 1961) Allah ya yi baiwa ga mai Martaba ta Sarautar Kwatarkwashi inda ya zama Sarkin Kwatarkwashi na (28), wannan rana tayi dai-dai da 29 ga watan Azumin Ramadana na wannan shekarar, mai Martaba ya ga ji Mahaifinsa Kwatarkwashi Ummaru III da kakansa Kwatarkwashi Dabo Kwatashi Jigo kuma Kwatarkwashi na farko.

A shekarar (1996) bayan an ƙirƙiro Jahar Zamfara kuma an ɗaga darajar Masarautar Gusau, an naɗa mai Martaba a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Sarkin Gusau kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu naɗa Sarki.

A shekarar (2000) kuwa Allah mai iko yasa gwamnatin wannan lokaci ta ɗaga darajar Masarautar Kwatarkwashi zuwa Emir na farko a wannan masarautar.

A shekara ta (2002) kuma Ɗan Ummaru Jikan Dabo sadauki ya zama sarki mai daraja ta biyu wato (2^nd Class Emir).

Mai Martaba Ahmadu yana da Ɗiya (35) da Jikoki (137) daga cikin manyan ‘ya’yansa akwai mai girma sarkin yamman Kwatarkwashi Alh. Bello Ahmad Umar (wanda shi ne ya cika shekaru “57” da Haihuwa a Duniya).

Akwai kuma Alh. Garba Ahmad Umar wanda jami’I ne a hukumar fadama da dai sauransu.

Mai Martaba Alh. Ahmad Umar mai Kwatarkwashi yana daga cikin ɗiyan sarautar masu tsaga ko Bille wato Gidan ya kasu kashi biyu (2) kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, akwai ɓangaren masu tsaga akwai kuma ɓangaren maras tsaga. Amma shi mai martaba yana cikin masu tsaga ne.

 

4.3  Tsarin Sunayen Sarakunan Ƙasar Kwatarkwashi Tun Daga Sarki Na Farko Har Zuwa Yanzu

1.	Kwatashi	1400-1429	29 Years
2.	Gazara (Gungama)	1430-1469	37 Years
3.	Mai Yaƙi (Gemen Dodo)	1470-1500	30 Years
4.	Bita Da Ƙasari	1500-1549	49 Years
5.	Ummaru I	1549-1550	20 Years
6.	Abu	1570-1600	30 Years
7.	Gumgama	1600-1640	40 Years
8.	Ɗan Magaji	1640-1679	39 Years
9.	Mai Datsi	1680-1689	9 Years
10.	Ummaru II	1689-1700	20 Years
11.	Kure	1700-1728	29 Years
12.	Dange	1729-1749	20 Years
13.	Farin Wake	1750-1769	19 Years
14.	Alu Dan  Mai Ɗaki	1770-1800	10 Years
15.	Dabo	1800-1830	30 Years
16.	Aliyu II	1830-1860	30 Years
17.	Idi	1860-1873	13 Years
18.	Tsaidau	1873-1893	13 Years
19.	Mai Rabo	1893-1900	10 Years
20.	Haruna	1900-1907	7 Years
21.	Babba	1907-1910	7 Years
22.	Badakari	1911-1912	2 Years
23.	Kada	1912-1920	8 Years
24.	Ummaru III	1921-1954	33 Years
25.	Abdullahi	1954-1954	1 Year
26.	Alu Labba	1954-1959	5 Years
27.	Ibrahim	1959-1960	1 Year
28.	Alh. Ahmad Umar	1961-2018	57 Years

 

 

4.4  Bukin Hawan Dutse Don Ɗauko Maiki

Maiki wani tsuntsu ne wanda ke zama a kan dutse, yana da fika-fikai guda biyu, sannan tsuntsu ne mai ƙarfi ba kamar sauran tsuntsaye yake ba.

Shi dai Maiki yana zama ne a Dutse wanda a Kwatarkwashi ana tsafa shi a wancan lokacin domin yin amfani dashi a wurin gudanar da rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.

Ana amfani da Maiki a lokacin aure domin nuna bajintar a kan aure, ana taruwa ne a ƙofar mai gari a ranar da kasuwar garin ke ci bayan an taru mazansu da matansu da yara da manya tare da tsofaffi masu sauran ƙarfi waɗanda suka san yadda ake gudanar da bukin da aka gada tun kaka da kakanni, sai jarumawan magajin tsafin Magiro suna gaba ana biye da su ana tafe ana kaɗe-kaɗe da raye-raye da ihu! Tare kuma da guɗa ga kirarin da ake yiwa amsu son nuna gwaninta a kan ɗauko tsuntsun nan Maiki daga saman Dutse zuwa ƙasa tare da ɗana gashin Maikin a kafaɗa tungida don nuna cewa sune jaruman bana.

Bayan jaruman sun haye sai a basu umurni da cewa duk su haye kan tsuntsu daga nan sai a ɗauko masu Maiki a bayansu, sannan a ce su koma ƙasan dutse. Duk wanda ya kai ƙasan shi to shi ya isa aure kenan, wanda kuwa bai kai ƙasan ba to sai wata shekara kuma. A wurin hawan kuwa ana samun mutane masu mutuwa ko su kaririye idan sun faɗo daga saman dutsen a wurin hawa ko sauka. Kafin a fara ana yanka wa tsafin na Magiron Magaji baƙaƙen bunsurai ko ‘yan kuikuyo don ya sha jini ya shaida sai a je da naman gida a dafa a ci.

Kuma yadda ake yi wurin Bautar haka za’a koma gida da raye-raye da kaɗe-kaɗe da sauransu, har a cikin garin ‘yan kallo duk su shaida abunda aka yi wurin ɗauko Maiki tsafin ya yarda wasu suyi aure. Wasu kuma bai yarda su yi ba sai shekara ta dawo.

Daga wannan sai a sanya ranar baiko za’a raba goro ‘yan uwa da makwabta da abokan arziki na unguwanni da ƙauyukan da na garuruwa su zo dan baikon auren wane da wance, za’a raba goro a ranar za’a zo da tabarma daga iyayen ango da garin rogo da hure da nono da gishiri. Ana zuwa da ɗan Akuya daga iyayen Ango da sauran kayan ciye-ciye da shaye-shaye da makamantansu.

 

4.5  Bukin Wasan Baura

Wasan Baura ana gudanar da shi sau ɗaya a shekara a lokacin kaka bayan an cire kayan gona an kawo gida ranar kasuwar garin ake gudanar da ita. Tana daga cikin bukin wasanni na shekara da ake aiwatarwa na al’adun gargajiya da suka gada tun kaka da kakanni a maguzance. A ƙofar Gidan Magajin garin a nan ne ake gudanar da ita kamar yadda aka sa ba a maguzance, ƙasar kwatarkwashi a fili don ana yinta kamar wasan Dambe sai a ɗau tafi kama da wasan kokuwa wadda muka sani. Don ita wannan wasan Baura ana gudanar da ita a share fili tare da an yi masa zobe da ‘yan kallo na ko ina, sun zo. Su kuwa a bisa al’ada sai kowannensu ya je wurin Bautar tsafin Magiro na Magaji Dutse domin neman sa’a. Sannan a shigo da guda-guda ana yi masa kuwa da kirari da ɗai-ɗansu, sai su watsa zobba masu bala’in kaifin gaske kamar reza, da su ake bugun mutum a duk inda wani ya samu ko a fuska ko a kunne ko a kunci da dai sauran sassan jiki a nan ake bugawa har a kai wani ƙasa kwance galala a cikin jini baje-baje. Amma akwai maganin da suke sawa idan an bugi mutum har fata ta yanke. Suna haɗa kashin shanu a kwaɓa da wani magani sai a shafa wurin shi kenan zai tsaya ya kuma shafe kamar ba’a yi yankan ba.

Masu wasan da ‘yan kallo duk suna gaf ne da duwatsun tsafin ta ƙasanshi inda ake bi a hau saman a nan kusa da wurin akwai kogunan duwatsu daban-daban da manya da ƙanana ana ce masu “Kwama” ana haɗa waɗanda basu taɓa sanin juna ba wanda yake kowannensu ana ji da shi a garinsu a kan jaruntakarsu ta wannan wasan Baura kwarai.

Akwai mutumin da ya fi fice kwarai a wannan wasan ta Baura ana ce masa “Kalago” don shi ne magajin tsafin Magiro ya bashi Shugaban wasan Baura na ƙasar Kwatarkwashi, don ya riƙe gudanar da ita yadda ya kamata, kuma ga garuwa da suka fi fice kamar su. Hurjin giya da saɓawa da sankalawa sune manyan garuruwa. Ana samun wani ɗan wasa ya zo da makaɗansa don ya yi zafin nama da jaruntaka tare da nuna kwazonsa a fili.

A wurin haduwarsu makaɗa suna faɗin haka a cikin kiɗa da kirarin ‘yan wasa.

Gaka nan tafe!

Gaka nan tafe baƙo!

Gaka nan tafe baƙo ba’a san halinka ba!

Duk suna ciccika suna hurji har sai an girada tsakaninsu, sannan a san na kwarai wanda shi ne jarumi.

 

4.6  Naɗewa

Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan babi mai bincike ya yi Magana ne a kan takaitccen tarihin ƙasar kwatarkwashi inda yake cewa ƙasar kwatarkwashi gari ne mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi, asali da jaruntaka. An samu kafuwar garin kwatarkwashi a cikin ƙarni na (14) kimanin shekaru (611) da suka wuce wato (1400) zuwa yau.

Sunan kwatarkwashi dutse da ganuwa inda maiki ya shahara saboda yawan duwatsun da Allah ya albarkaci wurin da su.

A gaba kuma, mai bincike ya yi bayanin ƙasar kwatarkwashi gabanin Jihadin Shehu Usman Ɗanfodiyo, inda yake cewa ƙasar kwatarkwashi wannan ba zama ne na farko ba, amma asalin waɗanda suka kafa garin ance sun taso ne daga Katsina wato Katsinawa ne.

A gaba kuma, mai bincike ya yi bayani a kan tarihin mai martaba sarkin Kwatarkwashi ne yanzu inda har karatunsa har ya zuwa ga samun malantar da ya yi  har kuma karshe ya zama sarki, tare da nuna irin cigaban daya samu.

A gaba kuma, mai Bincike ya yi bayani a kan tsarin sunayen sarakunan ƙasar kwatarkwashi tun daga sarki na farko har ya zuwa ga sarki mai ci yanzu tare kuma da kawo shekarun da kowannen ya yi a kan gadon sarauta.

A gaba kuma, mai bincike ya yi bayani a kan bukin hawan dutse dan ɗauko maiki, mai bincike ya yi bayanin yadda ake ɗauko maiki daga saman dutse wanda ake duk ya ɗauko shi to ya isa aure kenan idan kuma mutum bai ɗauko ba to shi ya nuna bai isa aure ba sai wata shekara.

A karshe mai bincike ya yi bayanin ne game da bukin wasan Baura a ƙasar kwatarkwashi a in da ya yi bayanin yadda ake wasan Baura a ƙasar kwatarkwashi da kuma irin maganin da ake sanyawa mutum idan ya ji ciwo wurin wasan Baura da kuma nuna lokacin da ake yin wasan.