Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa

Irin waɗannan kare-karen harshe ana iya fahimtar yadda harshe yake samun kare-kare, musamman auratayya ko kasuwanci a tsakanin al’umma, kamar ‘yan kabu- kabu, direbobi haka a rukunin jama’a kamar ‘yan mata ko malamai ko ‘yan boko ko ‘yan tasha ko matan aure da zawarawa da sauransu. Saboda haka wannan kundin zai yi bayanin rukunin al’umma yanda zai iya fito da bayani game da Hausar Jibiya a matsayin wani yanki da zai iya shiga karin harshen da Hausa take da su.

Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa

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Aliyu Salisu Ibrahim

0803 180 6180

aliyusibrahim01@gmail.com

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SADAUKARWA

Na sadaukar da wannan aiki ga mahaifina Marigayi Alhaji Salisu Ibrahim (Sale Na Dodo) da Mahaifiyata Hajiya Rakiya Sale Na Dodo Jibiya da Alhaji Shehu Isheyi (FCSN, FICCON) Barayan Bakori, Alhaji Salisu Barmo Jibiya.

GODIYA

Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah maɗaukakin Sarki, kuma masani wanda ya sanar da Ɗan-Adam abin da bai sani ba, ya kuma umurce shi da ya nemi ilimi da yaɗa shi. Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata ga Manzon Tsira fiyayyen Halitta, wanda ya kwaɗaitar da a nemi ilimi komi nisan wuri.

Haka kuma ina miƙa godiya ga Mahaifana dangane da tarbiya da suka bani da kuma sanyani Makaranta har na kai ga haka, sannan ina miƙa godiya ga ‘yan uwan mahaifana, da ‘yan uwana baki ɗaya.

Godiya ta musamman ga Dr. Rabi’u Muhammad Tahir, wanda ya kula da duba wannan aiki ba tare da ya nuna gazawa ba, da kuma ba da shawarwari domin ganin wannan aiki ta yanda zai amfani harshen Hausa, ina roƙa masa Allah ya biya masa buƙatunsa na alheri, amin.

Hausawa Ɗa da mantuwa shege ne, a sakamakon haka, ina miƙa godiya ta mai ɗimbin yawa, musamman shugaban sashe a wannan lokaci Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza, da kuma Malaman da sukawo tafiyayya domin ba da ilimi kamar, Farfesa Magaji Tsoho Yakawada da Farfesa Balarabe Abdullahi, da Farfesa Muhammad Lawal Amin da Dr. Ibrahim Isah Sulaiman, da Malam Adamu Ibrahim Malumfashi waɗannan duk a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria. Ba zan manta da Farfesa Aliyu Musa Kano B.U.K da kuma Malaman U.D.U.S Dr. Nazir Ibrahim Abbas, da Dr. Abdullahi Sarkin Gulbi da Dr. Yakubu Aliyu Gobir da wasu Malamai daga C.O.E Maru Dr. Ahmad Rabi’u Bakura, da Dr. Musa Fadama Gummi. Haka kuma ina jinjinawa Malamaina na cikin gida, Malam Isah S. Fada da Mal. Musa Abdullahi Zaria da Mal. Aliyu Rabi’u Ɗangulbi da Umar Usman (Head of Information FUG).

Haka kuma ba zan manta da gudummuwa da kulawa da na samu a wannan karatu, wanda ta fito daga ‘yan uwa da abokan arziki, kamar su; Alh. Abubakar Dodo Ibrahim Sarkin Tashar Jibiya da Musa Muhammad Bafarawa (Baba Musa) da Hajiya Badiya Salisu Sale Na Dodo da Lubabatu Sale Na Dodo da zuri’ar su baki ɗaya.

Haka kuma, abokan karatuna maza da Mata mu goma sha hudu (14), ina jinjina maku da shawarwarin da aka samu daga gare ku dangane da karatu da wasu al’amurra na rayuwa da abokina Abba Salisu Malumfashi (Brothers) da Yusuf Umar (Umar One) da Khalid Sada da Jabiru Ibrahim (One Stand) da Usman Tukur (Presidor) da kuma abokina Usman Maikudi (Motel), Na gode.  

BABI NA ƊAYA

1.0 Gabatarwa

Ina godiya ga Allah (SWA) da ya ba da ikon gudanar da wannan bincike a wannan fanni na ilimi, domin kammala karatun digiri na farko. A cikin wannan bincike za a yi nazari ne a kan “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”. Haka kuma za a tsara wannan aiki ne a kan babi – babi, a wannan babin na ɗaya za a yi bayani ne a kan manufar bincike da dalilin bincike da muhimmancin bincike da matsalolin gudanar da bincike da hasashen bincike da kuma farfajiyar bincike.

1.1 Manufar Bincike

Manufar wannan bincike ya bayyana dalilin da za su taimaka wajen bayyana inda karin harshen ko gurbin Hausar Jibiyanci ta samu matsuguni a cikin kare-kare harsunan Hausa, tare da bayyana dalilan da suka taimaka mata shiga cikin wannan rukunin Hausar ko karin harshen.

Haka kuma za a gudanar da wannan bincike domin binciko yadda wasu kare-karen harshe suka yi tasiri a kansa, kasancewar yana kan iya-ka.

1.2 Dalilin Bincike

Idan aka ce dalili ana nufin ko ana iya bayyana shi da cewa musabbabin faruwar wani abu wanda zai sa a binciko gaskiyar al’amarin abu domin gyara ko ƙarin ilimi ga al’umma. Dalilin wannan bincike shi ne domin gano matsayin da gurbin Hausar jibiyanci za ta kasance.

Haka kuma kamar yadda rayuwar take babu wani abu da ɗan- Adam za ya iya gudanarwa ba tare da manufa ba, ko dalilin yin abin ba, wannan aiki za a yi shi ne a kan wasu dalillai kamar haka:

Domin kawo sauƙi ga ‘ya uwa ɗalibbai da kuma masu nazarin wannan fanni da la’akari da cewa akwai ƙarancin abubuwan karantawa da suka yi bayani a kan kare-karen harshe, musamman Karin harshen kan iyaka, wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin dalillan da suka dace domin kawo sauƙi a tsakanin ɗalibbai da masu bincike da kuma masu son zurfafa wannan aiki akan wannan fanni tare da fayace wa al’umma wasu kalmomi da yadda suke a wasu karuruwan harsunan da kuma yanda daidaitacciyar Hausa ta tanada.

Babu shakka muna sauraron yadda wasu karuruwan harshe suke furta wasu kalmomi a tsakanin al’umma ɗaya masu amfani da harshe ɗaya, wanda baya hana su fahimci juna, wannan ne ya taimaka mana wajen iya tantance inda Hausar Jibiya za ta samu matsuguni a cikin karuruwan Hausa.

Da ganin cewa an gudanar da ayyuka da yawa masu alaƙa da wannan aiki, kuma babu wani aiki irinsa, yasa na ga ya dace in gudanar da wannan bincike mai take “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”. Bugu da ƙari wannan bincike zai iya taimakawa duk wani wanda zai yi wani aiki nan gaba a kan Karin harshe.

1.3 Muhimmancin Bincike

Muhimmanci a cikin kamusu Hausa (2005) sun bayyana ma’anar muhimmanci da cewa “abu mai daraja wanda yake da amfani kwarai da gaske ko abun farko – farko da mutum zai yi”

Idan muka yi la’akari da wannan ma’ana ta ƙamus muna iya cewa muhimmancin wannan bincike shi ne:

Kasancewar duk wani abu da mutum zai aiwata ko ya gudanar ko kuma ya gabatar yana ɗauke da muhimmancinsa wannan bincike ne na farko aka fara gudanarwa a wannan batun mai taken “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa” za ya taimaka ƙwarai da gaske ga ɗalibai da manazarta da marubuta harshen Hausa musamman wajen fahimtar fitattun sigogin karin harsunan Hausa musamman Karin harshen kan iyaka cikin sauƙi ba tare da wahala ba.

Haka kuma wannan aiki zai taimaka ƙwarai wajen ɗalibai masu karatun harshe musamman na makarantun gaba da Sakandare domin ya taɓo fannoni da dama masu ɗauke da muhimman abubuwa musamman yadda wasu kalmomi suke a kan iyaka da kuma yadda suke a cikin kuryar Karin harsheda abubuwan da ke haifar masu da canjawa.

Zai ƙara zumunci ko ɗan-ƙon alaƙa a tsakanin mazauna yankunan da suke makwabtaka da wannan yanki na kan iya ta hanyar fahimtar juna da amfani da wasu kalmomi ta yadda za a yi magana da kuma fahimtar juna ba tare da wahala ba.

Fanin ilimi wannan bincike ya na da muhimmanci ƙwarai musamman ya kasance cikin manhajar koyar da karatu a makarantu na firamarai da na sakandare domin koyar da yara sigogin wasu kalmomi na kan iyaka. Wannan bincike yana da mutuƙar muhimmanci ga al’ummar Hausawa domin yana ƙoƙarin gano wani matsuguni ne a kan wani Karin harshen Hausa.

1.4 Matsalolin Bincike

Kamar yadda za a gani a nan matsalolin bincike ya fara tun daga lokacin da aka fara tunanin wannan aiki har zuwa wajen da aka fara wannan rubutu.

Matsala na nufin duk wani abu da ya zo ya taƙura wa rayuwar ɗan –Adam ya hana mutum ya kasa cimma burinsa ɗari bisa ɗari ko kuma ya kasa cimma sa duka. (Fulani da Wasu 2014).

A Natataka da wasu (2018); kundin bincike na digiri na farko sun bayyana ma’anar matsala da cewa “Matsala na nufin duk wani ko wata ƙuntatawa da rayuwa kan shiga ta sarari ko ta ɓoye ko wadda ake iya gani ko wadda ba a gani na wani abu wanda rayuwa ta yi karo da shi ba tare da jin daɗinsa ba.

Matsala tana iya zama tawaya ko nakasu ga duk wani abu da mutu zai yi ko ya yi ko kuma ya ke yi. Bisa waɗannan ra’ayoyi na masana, muna iya cewa “Matsala na nufin duk wani naƙasu ko sukurkurcewar da wani abu mai amfani yakan sami kansa to shi ne ake kira matsala.

Bahaushe yace “Ko wattuna bara bai ji daɗin bana ba”. Tabbas duk kowace irin rayuwa ta ɗan – Adam tana gudana ne tare da matsaloli iri daban- daban. Haka ma wannan aiki da ake aiwatarwa yana tattare da matsaloli da dama waɗanda bai zama lallai a bayyana su duka a nan wurin ba.

Matsala ta farko ita ce, lokacin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a rayuwar al’umma, a wajen gudanar da wannan aiki mun fuskanci matsalar lokaci. Haka kuma akwi matsalar kayan aiki kasancewar wannan bincike da ake gudanarwa ya kasance bincike ne na farko – farko a kan Karin harshen Hausar Jibiyanci. An fuskanci matsalar kayan aiki wanda mutum zai fahimci cewar wani fannin da kagansa tamkar ka a je ne, ɗauka zaka yi. Wannan aiki an fuskanci karancin littattafai da kundaye da muƙalu da mujallu da sauran makamatansu.

Wata matsalar ita ce a  duk lokacin da mutum ya samu kansa a cikin wani yanayi na rayuwa wanda yana kallon kansa a cikin kunci ko yanayi to a wannan lokaci wani baya yi masa kallon wanda ke cikin tawaya ta rayuwa.

Dangane da matsala akwai abubuwa da yawa wanda a nan basu lissafuwa kasancewar ba ana filin tattauna wata matsala ba ce, sai a yi wa Allah godiya, saboda akwai matsalolin da ke tasowa haiƙan wasu an san da su wasu kuma ba a da labarinsu, ma’ana wasu a fili suke wasu kau a ɓoye suke.

1.5 Hasashen Bincike

Wannan bincike ina hasashe cewar zai kasance Karin harshen Hausar garin Jibiya ya samu zama karin harshe  mai zaman kansa ya kasance yana cin gashin kansa. Haka kuma wannan bincike ina hasashen cewar yadda ban taɓa jin cewar ko ganin wani rubutu da aka yi mai kama da shi ba, ina da yaƙinin cewa zai taimaka ma ‘yan baya da masu nazari wajen warware zare da abawa na ganin cewar sun san sigogin karin harshe garin Jibiya da tushensa.

Wannan bincike ina yi masa hasashen cewar ya samu shiga a cikin manhajar koyarwa don inganta ilimi. Haka kuma wannan bincike ina hasashen ya zama jagora ga duk wani manazarci ko marubuci ko ɗalibin ilimi harshen Hausa ta yadda ya kasance rubutu na farko kuma ya zama tamkar tsani a manazarta.

Haka kuma ina yi ma wannan bincike hasashen cewa ya kasance wata ƙofa da za ta iya taimakawa duk wani mai nazarin karin harshe musamman karin harshekan iyaka wanda yanda ake fahimtar kowane karin harshe shi ma ya kasance ana fahimtarsu.  A ƙarshe wannan bincike ana yi masa kyakkyawan hasashe a fagen ilimi wanda har inda ba a tunanin kaiwarsa.

1.6 Farfajyar Bincike

Farfajiyar bincike na nufin dai – dai farfajiyar ko filin bincike ko kuma muhallin da za a aiwatar da wannan bincike. Saboda haka wannan bincike za ya kasance ne a kan iyakar garin Jibiya da kewayenta a kan wannan batu mai take ‘Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa” a wannan ne za a gudanar da wannan aiki ba tare da an shiga cikin wata farfajiyar da bata da nasaba da wannan binciken ba. Haka kuma wannan bincike za a faɗaɗa shi zuwa ɓangarori daban-daban na karin harshe yanda za a fahimce sa sosai da sosai.

1.7 Kammalawa

Wannan babi an ga yanda ya kamala watau babi na ɗaya inda muka tattauna a kan manufar wannan bincike, saboda a fage na bincike manufa wata babbar hanya ce da za ta jagoranci ganin tabbatuwa aiki ba tare da kauce wa hanya ba, haka kuma an yi magana a kan dalilan gudanar da wannan bincike mai taken “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa” wannan dalilai sai dai a ce an sanya albarkacin baki, saboda duk wanda ya karanta wannan aiki yana iya ganin cewa wannan dalilai da muka ambata sun yi wa wannan aiki na mu ƙaranci. Haka kuma an yi magana a kan muhimmancin gudanar da wannan bincike a gaskiya maganar muhimmancin wnanan aiki yana da amfani musamman masu nazarin harshen Hausa har ma da al’ummar Hausawa, saboda gudummuwa ce a ka baiwa harshen Hausa.

Bugu da ƙari, wannan babi na ɗaya an yi bayani a kan matsalolin bincike wanda dukkan rayuwa tana tafiya ne tare da ƙalubale ko matsala, haka wannan aiki yake tattare da ƙalubale wanda wasu na iya faɗuwa wasu kuma ba su furtuwa saboda wasu na iya zuwa kwatsam sai dai a ji su. Haka kuma an yi magana a kan hasashen binciken nan da ake gudanarwa wanda wannan aiki ba ƙaramin hasashe ake yi masa ba na alheri, kuma a wannan babi an yi magana a kan fafajiyar da za a gudanar da wannan bincike ma’ana iyakar muhalin da za a gudanar da wannan bincike da iyakar abin da za a yi binciken a kansa.

Haka a ka tattara wasu bayanai daga wasu kundayen bincike na digiri da na shaidar samun takarda malanta ta ƙasa watau (NCE) haka kuma aka cigaba da bin hanyoyin tattaro bayanai daga manyan littafai da muƙalu da jaridu da sauran makamantansu domin ganin ginuwar wannan aiki.

BABI NA BIYU

Waiwayen Ayyukkan da suka Gabata

2.0 Gabatarwa

A wannan babi na biyu, kowa za a yi nazarin abubuwan da yakamata a nazarta kamar waiwayen ayukkan da suka gabata da tarihin garin Jibiya da karin harshe da karin harshen rukuni da na nahiya da kuma daidaitacciyar Hausa da sautukan Hausa da wasulla da Haruffan Hausa. Haka kuma za a yi amfani da ayukkan da suka gabata kamar kundayen bincike da muƙalu da littattafai da sauran makamantansu domin ƙarawa wannan aiki armashi don ganin ginuwarsa a cikin inganci.

2.1 Waiwayen Ayyukkan da Suka Gabata

An gudanar da ayukka da dama waɗanda suke kama da wannan aiki, wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka yi karo da su, sun haɗa da.

Abubakar, (2002) “Nazari a kan Hausar Gardawa” ya kawo yadda wannan rukuni na gardawa ke sarrafa harshen da amfani da kalmomi da kuma jimloli da ke magana kan harshe da ma’anarsu da kuma ma’anar Gardawa. Marubucin ya yi ƙoƙarin Hausar da suke amfani da ita wajen harkokin sana’ar ta su. Aikin ya yi magana ne akan Hausar rukuni shi ne dangantakarsa da wannan aiki, amma wannan aiki zai magana ne a kan “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa”.

Umar (2013); Hausar masu kwallon ƙafa a garin Sokoto” Ya yi bayanin yadda Hausar ke samuwa da yadda ake amfani da ita a cikin rukunin al’ummar Hausawa musamman ‘yan kwallo da masu kallon kwallo, aiki ya yi yanayi da wannan aiki domin ya yi magana ne a kan Hausar rukunin al’umma.

Rafi, (2008); “Nazarin Hausar wurin Ɗaurin Aure”; A cikin aikin ya yi magana a kan harshe da kalmomin da ake amfani da su wajen ɗaurin aure. Aikin yana da alaƙa da wannan aiki da za a gudanar sai dai shi wannan aikin yana son ya fito da Hausar da ake amfani da ita ne a cikin garin Jibiya.

Bello (2017), “Hausar shafin makaranta ta Jaridar Aminiya” ya yi bayanin wata nau’in Hausar rukuni wadda ake samu a cikin Jaridar Aminiya, mai suna “Shafin Makarantar Hausa”, ya yi ƙoƙarin fito da nau’in Hausar da shafin ke amfani da ita, tare da ƙoƙarin kawo bambancin ta da Hausar da aka saba da ita yau da kullum, ta haka ya ƙara tabbatar da Hausar shafin makaranta a matsayin wani Karin harshena rukuni. Shi ma wannan aiki ya danganci karin harshen rukunin al’umma wanda shi ne alaƙarsa da wannan aiki.

Fagg, (2002) “Ire-iren karin harshen Hausa na rukuni”. Ya kawo asalin Hausa da Hausawa da bayanin samuwar canji a harshen, da Hausar masu neman ilimi da Malamai da 'yan siyasa da Hausar masu wasan kwaikwayo. Bugu da ƙari ya kuma yi bayanin wani harshe da ake samu a wajan masu sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya. Daga ƙarshe ya yi bayanin Hausa a zamantakewar Jama’a da sauran ma’amuloli na yau da kullum. Wannan aiki ya yi kama da wannan aiki da ake gudanarwa domin ya danganci Hausar rukunin jama’a.

Yakasai (1999) “Hausar kan iyaka”. Illela da ƙonni, a wannan aiki ya nazarci yadda ɗaiɗaikun harsuna da kare-karen harshe da ke haɗuwa a kan iyakar Ƙonni (Jamhuriyar Nijer) da illela kan samar da wani Karin harshena daban.

Wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da wannan nazari da ake, saboda a cikin aiki ya nazarci tasirin wasu harsuna kan wasu a sakamakon haɗuwarsu wuri ɗaya da kuma abin da dangantakarsu ya haifar da sauyi a cikin harshen Hausa.

Abbas (2000) “Zamfarci Dielect of Hausa: A Preliminary Surɓey”. Wannan nazari yana da alaƙa da wannan aiki, saboda ya yi ƙoƙarin bayani yadda Karin harshen Zamfaranci yake da kuma siffofin da suka bambanta shi da dai-daitacciyar Hausa, wannan shi alaƙarsa da wannan nazari.

Sheshe, (1986). “Nazarin lahajar Hadejanci da dai-daitacciyar Hausa”. Wannan aiki ya yi shi ne don fito da bambanci a tsakanin Hausar Haɗejanci da ita dai-daicin furuci da bambanci wasulla da ƙirar kalma da jimloli da kuma ma’ana. Alaƙar wannan nazari da kuma wannan aiki shi ne ya yi maganar wasulla da furuci da ita kanta daidaitaciiyar Hausa.

Mukhtar, (2017). “Hausa da karorinta”. Ya kawo abubuwan da suke da alaƙa da wannan aiki inda ya nazarci Karin harsheda na rukuni da na nahiya da wasulla da baƙaƙen daidaitacciyar Hausa da furucin sautukan Hausa, wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da wannan nazari da ake yi, sai dai bai tunkari wannan nazari ba, kai tsaye domin shi wannan nazari zai yi magana ne akan Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”.

Zarruƙ da wasu (1990). “Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa na uku”. Wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da wannan nazari saboda ya yi magana akan Karin harsheda cibiyoyin karni harshe (wato masarautu). A taƙaice dai akwai abin da wannan bincike zai iya tsinta a cikin wannan nazari na masana, amma dai ba zai iya kawo mana ƙarshen wannan nazari ba. Domin kuwa bai yi wani bayani da ya shafi gurbin Hausar Jibiyanci ba, barai har ya sama mata wani matsugunni.

Ubale, (2000). “Bambance- bambance da nasaba da ke tsakanin harshen Katsinanaci da Sakkwatanci da kuma karɓaɓɓiyar Hausa”. Wannan bincike da aka gudanar yana da alaƙa da wannan nazari, sai dai bai yi magana kan Karin harshen rukuni ba, ko na iyaka wanda wannan nazari da ake gudanarwa yana da alaƙa da su.

Ɗantumbishi M.A (2008:18). “Algaita Journal of Current Research in Hausa Studie. No. 5 Ɓol.1 Department of Nigerian language Danfodio, Sokoto. Ya yi bayani sosai a kan harshe kafin ya shiga cikin bayanin karin harshe da karin lafazi. Marubuci ya nuna cewa (Kh) da (Kl) na Turanci na da tasiri kan karkasuwar al’ummar Hausa, kuma bai tsaya a nan ba, sai da ya yi bayani a kan nau’o’in harshen daidaitacciyar Hausa da harshe nahiya da sauransu, wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da wannan nazari da ake yi sai dai bai tasarma wannan aiki kai tsaye ba.

Zailani (2013): Nazarin Hausar kan titi, wannan aiki ya yi bayani sosai akan Hausar wasu rukunin al’umma, kamar yan kabu-kabu da sauransu, sai dai baiyi tsokacinsa bane akan nagarin Jibiya.

Haruna B. (2018); “Bambanci tsakanin Karin harshen Garin Gusau da daidaitacciyar Hausa ta fuskar furuci”. Wannan aiki ya so ya yi kama da wannan nazari ta fuskar furuci, sai dai bai magana akan wasu muhimman abubuwa ba kamar baƙaƙen Hausa da wasulla da kuma Hausar garin Jibiya.

Hassan S. (2016: 209). “Fitattun sigogin Karin harshen Dauranci” Bakaba Journal of Hausa Studies (Bajahas) Adamu Augie College of Education Argungu Kebbi State 2 No. 1. Ya yi bayani a kan Karin harsheda wasu abubuwa muhimmai da suka danganci karin harshewanda daga ƙarshe ya ba da shawara ga ɗalibai da su aiwatar da yin nazarin karin harshen kasar Hausa, domin su fito da wasu abubuwa da ba a yi rubutu a kansu ba. Haka kuma wannan aiki na sa bai taɓa aikin nan kai tsaye ba, sai dai akwai alaƙa ta kusa ganin yanda karin harshen Dauranci yake kan iyaka, haka wannan nazari ke tunkarar kan iyaka kasancewar yana zaman wani yanki na kan iyakar ƙasar Katsina;. Haka ma a karin harshen Dauranci akwai wasu wurare da ke kan iyaka da jumhuriyar Nijar, wannan wata alaƙa ce ta kusa da wannan nazari da ake yi.

2.1 Tarihin Garin Jibiya

Garin Jibiya yana can Arewacin garin Katsina kimanin kilo mita 46. Akwai hanya babba wadda ta taso daga Katsina ta haɗu da garin Magamar – Jibiya ta wuce ta nufi Maraɗi jumhuriyar Nijar ɗaya kuma ta nufi Ƙauran – Namoda ta Jahar Zamfara.

Garin Jibiya an ce ba wani tsohon gari ba ne, in an kwatantashi da wasu garuruwa saboda bai wuce shekara ɗari da tara (109) ba. An ce wani mutum ne mai suna Gatari Duma ya kafa garin a 1909. Shi wannan Gatari Duma mutumin ƙasar gabas ne, kakansa Jan- Ala ya zo daga ƙasar Kano ne wani gari Gezawa a 1800, lokacin sarkin Kano Abdullahi daga nan ya baro Kano ya zo wani gari mai suna Manawa a cikin yankin ƙasar Ruma ya zauna ba a san dalilin barowarsa Kano ba. Daga nan ne Sarkin Maraɗi mai suna Ɗan- Mari ya kawo yaƙi ya fatattakesu duk suka watse; Daga cikin ‘ya’yan wannan mutum Jan Ala akwai wani wanda ake kira da suna Ummaru, daga nan ya koma wani gari cikin Maraɗi wanda ake kira Fatotawa inda aka yi masa sarauta gari mai suna Gatar. To a nan Ummaru ya haifi Gatari Duma wanda wata ‘yar hatsaniya ta sa ya baro Fatotawa ya dawo Jibiyar Maje (A lokacin Jibiyar- Maje tana ƙarƙashin Maraɗi ne).

A wannan lokaci sai Turawa suka zo ƙasar Hausa da aka tsaga iyakar sai Jibiya – Maje ta faɗo a cikin ƙasar Nijeriya, irin wannan ƙoƙarin da Gatari Duma ya yi sai abin ya burge Sarkin Katsina na wannan lokaci watau Muhammad Dikko, sai yasa aka ƙara naɗa Gatari Duma a Katsina kuma aka kawo doki aka ba shi.

Bayan wannan ɗan lokaci sai Gatari Duma ya yi shawarar da ya dawo inda Jibiya take yanzu sai yawo gabas da Jibiyar – Maje ya sari gona da gida da masallaci, daga baya sai mutane suka biyo shi wurin har dai Jibiya ta haɓɓaka.

Ta fannin tsarin mulki sarauta, kuma bayan rasuwar Gatari Duma sai aka ba, Ɗan-ɗansa watau Gatari Ibrahim a shekara 1926, kafin ya yi wannan sarautar sai da ya yi magajin garin Mallamawa a shekarar 1911 zuwa 1926. A lokacin sa ne aka ɗauke kasuwar daga inda take aka maida ta yammacin garin inda take yanzu kuma aka buɗe makarantar firamari a 1936 da ɗakin shan magani na farko a 1945.

Da tsufa ya kama Gatari Ibrahim, sai ya yi murabus ya naɗa Ɗansa Alhaji Rabi’u Ibrahim a 1957, amma da sunan Hakimin Jibiya, (Sarkin Arewan Katsina) wanda ya yi shekara (52) yana mulkin garin inda ya rasu a (2009). Inda mulkin garin har yanzu. Garin jibiya kamar yadda muka ambata gari ne na Hakimi to amman akwai magaddai wanda suke ƙarƙashin wannan Hakimi kamar su: Magaji Farfaru, da Magaji Mallamawa da Magaji Zandam da Magaji iyan gayya da Magajin Gari da magajin Sabon Gari, da magaji Faru da Magaji Riko da Magaji Mazanya da Magaji Bugaje.

Ta fannin kasuwanci daman dai ƙasar Jibiya na da fadamu da dausayi domin haka mutanen garin manoma ne ƙwarai da gaske ga kuma kiwo. Haka kuma suna kasuwanci ire-ire na cikin gida da na waje saboda suna iyaka da jamhuriyyar Nijer, kasuwar Jibiya ta bunƙasa fiye da tunanin mutum.

Saboda bunƙasar da garin ya yi wajen kasuwanci tun lokacin da ya gabata akwai unguwanni masu sunan sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya, majema da unguwar makaɗa da filin ‘yan rake da filin ‘yan doya da mangwarori da sauransu. Haka kuma garin yana da kasuwar kan iyaka wato (Jibiya international Boarder Market) wadda tsohon shugaban ƙasa na siyasa Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar ya gina ta kuma ya zo ya buɗe ta da kansa a shekarar 1998.

Garin Jibiya ya ƙara bunƙasa a lokacin da ya zamanto Hediƙwatar Karamar Hukumar Jibiya wadda aka ƙirƙiro a shekara 1989. Wannan matsayi da Jibiya ta samu ya ƙara jawo mata ƙarin abubuwan more rayuwa kamar hanyoyin cikin gari wanda aka zuba wa ƙwalta, tare da haɗa garin da wutar lantarki wanda aka yi buƙin buɗewa lokaci guda da kasuwar ta kan iyaka.

Ta fannin noman rani, Jibiya ta samu katafaren Dam wanda aka fara gininsa tun 1987 shugaban ƙasa na soja Ibrahim Babangida ya yi bukin buɗe sa a 1991. Don haka mutanen garin Jibiya na noman rani gadan-gadan a wannan Dam ɗin da kamun kifi.

Idan kuma aka duba ta wajen kayayyakin tarihi za mu samu takobi da garkuwa na gatari Duma waɗanda ya yi yaƙi da su, duk da cewa Jibiya bata taɓa yin yaƙi da wani gari ba, ba a kuma taɓa kawo mata hari ba. Amma kasancewar wancan lokaci na yaki akwai dakaru sosai ‘yan ko ta kwana waɗanda ke tsaron garin, haka kuma tarihi ya nuna sukan kai taimako ga ƙasar Ruma wadda suke kan iyaka da ita, duk lokacin da shahararren mayaƙin nan na ƙasar Ruma Dan Waire zai je yaƙi.

A wani ƙaulin mai kama da wannan an ce a dai dai 1906 Sarkin Katsina Mohammad Dikko ya sari garin Jibiya domin duk arewacin ƙasar katsina a wannan lokacin babu wani gari mai girma wanda idan sarki ya fito rangadi ko farauta zai tsaya ya huta. Wannan dalili ne yasa Sarkin ya sari Jibiya. To ko me dai ya faru Jibiya ta bunƙasa kwarai tun lokacin kafuwarta har ya zuwa yanzu.

2.2 Karin Harshe

Masana da dama sun bayar da ma’anar Karin harshekamar haka: Ma’awuya (2015) ya riwaito Abbas (2013) ya bayyana a cikin muƙalarshi mai take: karin harshen rukuni” Nazarin Hausar Shafin Makaranta na Jaridar Aminiya” Sun bayar da Ma’anar karin harshe kamar haka:

Skinner (1977:6) ya kalli kari harshe a matsayin “wani nau’in magana a cikin harshe ɗaya wanda ba shi ne ainahin harshen ba”.

Crystal (2008:142) ya bayyana “karin harshe ko na yanki ko dai na rukuni a matsayin wani nau’in magana na harshe wanda ake iya ganewa ta wasu kalmomi da tsarin harshe (Nahawu) ya ce karin harshe mafi yawa yana da tsarn furuci da nau’in magana da ya bambanta”.

Adeyengu (1989:36) ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe“a matsayin yadda mutum ya saba yin magana na a cikin gungun al’umma da yawa masu harshe ɗaya”.

Amfani (1993: 02); ya bayyana cewa: karin harshe wani bambanci ne da ake samu ta fuskar kalmomi da furuci da kuma Nahawun harshe”. Haka kuma akwai wasu masana da dama da suka bayar da gudummuwarsu wajen bayyana ma’anar karin harshe kamar haka:

Trudgil (1974) ya bayar da ma’anar karin harshe kamar yadda yakasai (2012) ya kawo cewa “karin harshe yana nufin bambance-bambance da ake samu a cikin harshe ta amfani da Nahawu da kuma furuci”

Yakasai (2012) ya ce “karin harshe wani bambanci ne da ake samu a cikin harshe wanda wani ɓangare na mutane suke amfani da shi kuma bambancin ya shafi kalmomin Nahawu da kuma furuci wanda hakan ya bambanta shi da wani karin harshea wannan harshen?

Sani (2009) ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe a matsayin “Nau’i ne daga cikin nau’o’in harshe guda wanda ake amfani da shi musamman a wani sashe na al’umma.

Abbas (2013) ya ce “karin harshe na nufin bambancin magana da ake samu tsakanin mutane masu harshe ɗaya wanda bai isa ya haifar da rashin fahimta ba, a tsakaninsu. Duk harshe da ya bunƙasa yana iya samun karin harshe a cikinsa.

Wurma (2005/2006) ya bayyana karin harshe da cewa: “Shi ne harshe wanda ake amfani da shi taƙamaimai a wani ɓangare ko sashe na ƙasa. Ana gane shi ne ta wajen lafazin kalmomi da jimloli tsakanin mutane.

Encyclopedia Ɓolume 4 (6^th edition (1934) ya ce “Karin harshewani bambanci ne da ake samu a cikin harshe wanda wani ɓangare na mutane suke amfani da shi. Bambanci ya shafi kalmomi da Nahawu da kuma furuci wanda hakan ya bambanta shi da wani Karin harshen a wannan harshe”

Zarruƙ da wasu (1990) sun ce “karin harshe yana nufin ‘yan bambance-bambance lafazi da na kalmomi da jimloli tsakanin rukunin al’umma ko shiyoyin ƙasa mai harshe ɗaya. Zarruƙ da wasu (2010) a ƙasar Hausa, an lura da cewa kusan kowace tsohuwar daula ko masarauta tana da irin waɗannan ‘yan bambance-bambance. A taƙaice kowace masarauta tana da karin harshedaban da na ‘yan uwanta. Akwai karin harsheda dama a harshen Hausa wanda ainafin ƙasar Hausa ta raba ƙafa ne, ɗaya a Nijeriya da Nijer, wasu kare-karenta kamar Dauranci da Katsinanci da Gobiranci suna gicceya ne a kan iyakar kasashen biyu. Saboda haka kafin a ce ga kare-kare Nijeriya ga na Nijer wajibi ne a duba inda cibiyoyin su suke. Cibiyar dai tana nufin masarauta ko fadar masu wannan karin harshe; misali

Cibiya	Karin harhe
Bauchi	Bausanci
Daura	Dauranci
Kano	Kananci
Katsina	Katsinanci
Sakkwato	Sakkwatanci

Bayan waɗannan akwai kuma wasu dauloli da suka yi tashe a lokutta daban-daban na tarihi har su ma suka sami karin harshe daban da na makwabtansu misali:

Cibiya	Karin harhe
Guddure	Gudduranci
Gumel	Gumalanci
Haɗejiya	Haɗejiyanci
Kabi	Kabanci
Zamfara	Zamfaranci

Haka kuma ga kare-karen da cibiyoyinsu suke cikin jumhuriyyar Nijer :

Cibiya	Karin harhe
Tawa	Adaranci
Dogon Dutsi	Arewanci
Damagaram (Zindar)	Damagaranci
Tsibiri	Gobiranci
Filinge	Kurfayanci

          To waɗannan kare-kare da aka zana ba fa suke nan ba a Hausa. Akwai na kan iyaka da na maƙwabtan Hausa da kuma na zango-zangon Hausawa.

Dangane da ra’ayoyin masana a kan karin harshe, muna iya kallon karin harshea matsayin wani fage ne mai muhimmanci a fagen ilimin walwalar harshe, shi kuma ilimin walwalar harshe wani fage ne daga cikin fannin ilimin harshe.

Karin harshe; wasu sauye-sauye ne da ake samu a cikin masu jin harshe ɗaya ta fuskar lafazi ko kalmomi ko tsarin jimla da sauransu, kuma su waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna zuwa ne a sakamakon kaura da auratayya da kasuwanci da sauran makamantansu.

Kamar yanda muka ga cewa a bayanin da ya gabata daga bakin masana cewar akwai karin harshe na kan iyaka da na zango da na maƙwabta. Haka karin harsheba iyaka gare shi ba, aiyananne zanannne bare ace ga daidai inda ya ƙare, saboda haka ita iyaka a karin harsheyawo take yi bata ci ka zama wuri ɗaya ba, wannan dalilin yana iya haifar da wani karin harshe.

Haka kuma Jibiya tana iya da cibiyar tsibiri watau masarautar Gobir masu karin harshe Gobiranci da Zamfara masu karin harshen Zamfaranci, kasancewar ta tana kan iyaka da wannan manya-manyan masarautu ɗaya na Nijeriya ɗaya kuma tana Jumhuriyyar Nijer, kuma ita iyaka ta karin harshe ba wani taƙamaiman wurin zama gareta ba, wannan yana iya haifar mata da na ta karin harshe na daban.

2.3 Karin Harshen Rukuni

Wani karin harshene wanda ya danganci bambanci magana da ake samu dalilin matsayi ko aji ko rukuni ko shekaru ko mulki ko jinsi ko addini ko ilimi ko kuma tarayyar aiki ɗaya, (A irin wannan yanayin ne ake samun kalmomin fannu da suka keɓanta da wani aiki ko ma’aikata).

Akwai masana da dama da suka ba da gudummuwa wajen bayar da ma’anar karin harshen rukuni kamar haka:

Yakasai (2012) ya bayyana ma’anar karin harshen rukuni a matsayin “Nau’in magana ne wanda ya danganci wasu al’umma ko rukunin wata tawaga ɗaya a cikin al’umma.

Fagge (2001) ya yi bayanin cewa “karin harshen rukuni wani ɗan bambanci ne da ake samu wanda bai kai bambanci da ake samu ba a karin harsheyanki, ba domin shi wannan ya shafi kalmomi ne da yan guntayen jimloli waɗanda rukunin al’umma ke amfani da su, don sun fi sauƙin fahimtar saƙo a tsakaninsu.

Haka kuma ya danganta shi ta hanyar Hausar kasuwanci da Hausar Sarakuna da Hausar Mawaƙa da Hausar Malamai da Hausar Dattijai da Hausar ‘yan mata da Hausar Gidan Magajiya da Hausar matan aure da Hausar Wurin zaman makoki da ‘yan siyasa da Hausar ‘yan motocin Haya da Hausar ‘Yansanda da Hausar kanikawa da Hausar ‘yan Acaɓa /kabu - kabu da ‘yan mata da sauransu.

2.4 Karin Harshen Nahiya

Mukhtar, (2017), karin harshen Nahiya karin harshene da ake dangantashi da yanayin ƙasa da kuma tasirin masarauta. Haka kuma karin harshene da ya jiɓanci wasu yankuna na cikin harshe; misali, masarautar Daura tana da garuruwa irin su sandamu da Mai-Aduwa da Kongalma da Zangon Daura, waɗanda gaba ɗaya ke amfani da Dauranci a matsayin karin harshe. Haka kuma abin yake ga Haɗejiya da ke ƙunshe da Auyo da kafin Hausa da Malam-Madori da Birnawa, waɗanda suke amfani da Haɗejiyanci a matsayin karin harshe. To haka abin yake ga sauran garuruwan ƙasar Hausa da suka haɗa da Damagaram da Gumel da Bauchi da Kano da Sakkwato da Kebbi da Zamfara da Dogon – Dutsi da sauransu.

Masarautar Katsina tana iyaka masarautar Daura da Masarautar Kano da masarautar Zamfara da masarautar Zazzau da kuma masarautar Tsibiri watau Gobiranci, haka yasa tana da garuruwan kan iyaka wanda wata masarauta tana iya cin su da karin harshen wanda Jibiya tana ɗaya daga cikin garuruwan da sukai iyaka da Zamfara da kuma Tsibiri. Wannan yana iya haifar ma Jibiyanci da wani karinhashen na sa na daban mai cin gashin kansa.

2.5 Dai-daitacciyar Hausa

Dai-daitaciyar Hausa samfari ne na salon maganar da dukkan Hausawa suka yi tarayya a kansa, wannan samfari kuwa, ƙari ne da aka zaɓa aka daidaita mata ka’idojin rubutu da na Nahawu, kuma aka adana su cikin littafai da ƙamososhi

          Hans Ɓischer, (1912); ya ce “Dai-daitacciyar Hausa wata tsararriyar hanya ce wadda hukuma ta amince da ayi amfani da ita a matsayin dai-daitacciyar harshe.

Mckay da Hornberger, (2013:23) suka Jadda dai-daitacciyar Hausa da rubutaccen harshe da dogon tafarkin tantance dai-daitawa waɗanda suka haɗa da zaɓar mizani (ma’auni) da yiwuwar faɗaɗawa ko siffantawa da ƙayyadewa da kuma samar da littattafan Nahawu da ƙamus-ƙamus.

Hudson (2003:32 – 33); cewa ya yi “Tunanin dai-daitaccen harshe, abu ne wanda ya danganta, amman dai-daitaccen harhse abu ne na haƙiƙa shi ne wanda ya biyo tafarkin da suka haɗa da zaɓar karinwanda za a yi amfani da shi wajen samar da dai-daitaccen harshe, (yana iya zama daga cikin karorin wanda ake amfani da shi a harkokin kasuwanci da siyasa) da samar da ƙwayoyin sautin da za su waƙilci magana da ka’idojin sautin da za su wakilci magana da ka’idojin rubutu (Dai-daita ƙa’idojin rubutu) da samar da littattafai da sauransu.

Dunstan, (1969) da Sani (2009), wanda zai iya zama tushe na daidaitaccen harshe. A nan daidaitacciyar Hausa gaba ɗayanta ɗebe-ɗebe ce daga kusan dukkanin karori, amma kananci shi ne ya fi kowa ne sauƙin fahimta da kaso mafi yawa a dai-daitacciyar Hausa.

Sani (2009); ya ce “Daidaitacciyar Hausa wani nau’i ne na harshen Hausa, wanda ake amfani da shi yau da kullum wajen al’amurra da suka shafi koyarwa da buge-bugen littattafai da jaridu da littattafai da mujallu.

Dangane da ra’ayoyin masana a kan daidaitacciyar Hausa muna cewa “daidaitacciyar Hausa hatsin bara ce wadda masana harshe suka aminta kuma suka yarda da ita a matsayin wani ƙari na musamman kuma yardaddai a wajen rubutu da karatu na yau da kullum bisa ga bin dokokin Nahawun harshe.

2.6 Sautukan Hausa

Kalmar sautuka jama’u ce ta Kalmar sauti, sauti asali kalmar ta aro ce daga Larabci. Amma a Hausa ƙara ake cewa kamar ka ce naji ƙarar mota a misalce, sbaoda haka kenan sauti yana nufin ƙara. A wannan nazari kuma sauti yana nufin furuci na magana; haka kuma ana maganar sautukan da muke da su a harshen Hausa.

Yahaya (2006) da Zariya (2007) da Gusau (2006) da kuma ‘Yar – Aduwa (2006), saboda kasancewarta gamammiya suka ce “Sauti shi ne duk wata ƙara wadda za a iya ji da kunne”.

Wannan ita ce gamammiyar ma’anar sauti, amma idan aka ɗauki fannin nazarin sauti a ƙeɓance to sauti kuma yana nufin furuci. Shi kuma furuci kuwa yana nufin fitar da sauti daga baki, idan kuwa sauti ya baro baki, ya fito waje to ya zama furuci.

Alhassan da Sani da kuma Kafin Hausa, (2010); ƙwayar sauti “Ita ce alama mafi kankanta da a kan yi da murya, wadda kuma ke haɗuwa da ‘yan uwanta su bayar da siga irin ta magana.

Sauti abu ne da ake samun shi daga iska da kuma aikin wasu gaɓoɓin jika, waɗanda gaɓoɓi su ne ke tarbe iska idan ta fito daga huhu zuwa waje idan haka ta faru sai sauti ya samu.

Zarruƙ da Kafin Hausa da Alhassan, (2010) “Furuci shi ne sautin da ya fito daga bakin mutum, wanda yake samuwa a sakamakon aikin gaɓoɓin sauti ko furuci da kuma gaurayar iska, wacce su gaɓoɓin ke tarewa ko kuma su matse ta, ta rasa isashiyar hanyar fita. A Hausa akwai sautuka iri biyu, watau na baƙaƙe da na wasulla, kuma haka suke a kowane karin harsheda muke da shi a harshen Hausa.

2.7 Wasulla

Kamar yadda aka sani cewa dai sautin magana iri biyu ne akwai na baƙaƙe, akwai na wasali. Wasali sautin magana ne wanda yake a bakin furtawa iska bata samu wata tangarɗa wajen fita sai dai karkarwa da tantanin maƙwallato ke yi. Haka kuma duk wasulla masu ziza ne, ba kamar takwarorinsu baƙaƙe ba inda za a samu wasu suna da ziza wasu ba su da ziza, wasu kuma yan baruwanmu.

Akwai wasulla iri biyu a Hausa, akwai wasula tilo da wasulla tagwai.

·        Tilo wasali shi ne wanda furucinsa ke da siga guda ɗaya

·        Tagwan Wasali shi ne wanda ake fara furta tilon wani wasali sai kuma a ƙare da furucin wani tilon wasalin na daban, a lokaci ɗaya.

Hausa tana da tilon wasulla guda goma (10), da kuma tagwai guda huɗu (4), wato jimlar wasulla goma sha huɗu (14) kenan. Daga cikin tilon guda goma (10), biyar (5) gajeru ne, sai kuma guda biyar (5) gajeru ne, sai kuma guda huɗu (4) masu goyo ne. Misali

Gajerun Wasulla	Misalin Kalmomi
/a/	Ake, abin
/i/	Wani cigiya
/o/	Sambo, Goma
/u/	Yanzu, ɗazu   d.s
/e/	Mace wacce

Dogayen Wasulla	Misalin Kalmomi
/aa/	Gidaa, ranaa
/ii/	Niisa, kiifi
/oo/	Bargoo, ƙoofa
/uu/	Muushe, Yatsuu
/ee/	Beebee, Meesa d.s

A lura, daga wasali ba a rubutu shi a rubutu na yau da kullum, an fi jin shi a wani muhalin magana, musamman masu nazari ne suka fi fahimtar sa.

Gajerun Wasulla	Misalin Kalmomi
/ai/	Bakwai, maiƙo
/au/	Tauri, tsauri
/iu/	Ƙiuya
/ui/	Guiwa

A lura, auren wasulla /iu/ da /ui/ har yanzu ba a gama karɓarsu a matsayin auren wasali ba, wasu masana suna ganin akwai su a Hausa kamar kalmomi irin kiuya da guiwa, amman wasu masana basu aminta da su ba, shi yassa suke ci gaba da rubuta irin waɗannan kalmomi kamar haka, ƙyuya da gwiwa.

2.8 Haruffa

Bincike ya gano cewa akwai sautin baƙaƙe ko haruffan daidaitacciyar Hausa har guda (34). Daidaitacciyar Hausa ce Hausar da ake amfani da ita wajen koyar da harshe da karantarwa da gidajan radio dana talabijin da mujallu da muƙalu da littattafai da sauran lamurra da suka shafi aikin hukuma.

Rubutun Sauti	Rubutun yau da kullum	Misalin Kalmomi
/b/	b	Baba, buhu
/ɓ/	ɓ	Ɓera, ɓawo
/m/	m	Mota, mata
/ø/	f	Fata, faci
/ø/	fy	Fyaɗe, fyeɗe
/t/	t	Taya, tafi
/d/	d	Dawa, dawo
/ɗ/	ɗ	Huɗu, haɗu
/l/	l	Loma, Lamani
/r/	r	Rimi, Rijiya
/r/	r	Rami, roba
/n/	n	Noma, nono
/’n/	n	Hanya, kunya
/n,/	n	Can, nan
/s/	S	Sikari, soja
/z/	z	Zane, zuma
/ts/	c	Ciyawa, cigiya
/s/	sh	Shanu, shago
/si/	ts	Tsauri, tsalle
/dz/	j	Jiya, Jaje
/j/	y	Yaro, Yawo
/k/	k	Kano, Kasuwa
/kj/	ky	Ƙyau, kyauta
/kw/	kw	Kwari, Kwano
/ƙ/	ƙ	Ƙaya, ƙato
/ƙj/	ƙy	Ƙyaga, ƙyale
/ƙw/	ƙw	Ƙwaro, ƙwaguwa
/g/	g	Gona, goma
/gj/	gy	Gyara, gyaɗa
/gw/	gw	Gwanda, gwaba
/w/	w	Wando, wasa
/h/	h	Hanya, hanci
/?/	,	Ba’a, ma’ana
/?j/	‘y	‘ya’ya, ‘yan uwa

Waɗannan su ne haruffan dai-daitacciyar Hausa guda talatin da huɗu (34), kuma haka suke a kowane karin harshen Hausa.

2.9 Kammalawa

Wannan babi na biyu ya yi bayani a kan ayukkan da suka gabata waɗada suka ɗan yi kama da shi, da kuma taƙaitaccen tarihin garin Jibiya da bayanin karin harshedaga bakin masana da kuma karin harshen rukuni da na Nahiya da ita kanta dai-daitacciyar Hausa da sautukan Hausa da wasulla da haruffa.

BABI NA UKU

3.0 Gabatarwa

A wannan babi na uku a kan wannan nazari da ake yi na “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa” zai yi ƙoƙarin fito da sigogin karin harshen Jibiyanci da garuruwan da suka fi amfani da Hausar Jibiya da muhimmancin kalmomin Hausar Jibiya.

3.1 Sigogin Karin harshen Jibiyanci

Jibiyanci karin harshene da mabambanta al’ummar da suke zaune a farfajiyar garin Jibiya, wadda take ƙarƙashin daular masarautar Katsina suke amfani da shi a matsayin harshensu na sadarwa. Daular masarautar Katsina tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masarautun ƙasar Hausa. Sigogin karin harshen Hausar Jibiyanci wasu fitattun kalmomi ne da ake haɗawa domin a yi furuci sai su ba da ma’ana. Akwai siga iri biyu; siga ta yanayi da siga ta lafazi. To a cikin wannan nazari da ake yi zai yi bayani ne akan sigar karin harshen Hausar Jibiya, wadda ake amfani da ita domin isar da saƙo. Amman abin lura da shi a nan shi wannan nazari da ake gudanarwa sabon nazari ne saboda ba a taɓa yin wani aiki don ya danganci Hausar da ake amfani da ita ba a garin Jibiya.

Sigogin karin harshen Hausar Jibiya, wasu kalmomi ne da mutanen garin Jibiya (Jibiyawa) suke amfani da su a cikin maganganunsu na yau da kullum, kuma mutanen Jibiya ne suka fi amfani da su kasancewarsu na zama kan iyakoki da masarautu kamar Gobir da Masarautar Zamfara, ita kuma Jibiyar ta kasance a ƙarƙashin Daular Masarautar Katsina.

Akwai wasu rukunnan kalmomi ko azuzuwa da za’a taimaka wajen fitar da sigogin yadda suke kamar haka:

a.     Shafewar Sauti A Doguwar Mallaka:

Doguwar Mallaka kamar yadda Galadima (1976) da Bunza (2004), da Jinju (2008) da kuma Sani (2009), duk sun amince cewar ƙa’idar rubuta doguwar mallaka ba a haɗe sunan abin da aka mallaka da abin da ya mallaka (Mallakau) da Lamirinsa a wuri ɗaya saɓanin gajeruwar mallaka waɗannan lamiran sun haɗa da:

Namiji       Mace          Jam’i/Jama’u

Nawa         Tawa          Namu

Naka          Taki            Nasu

Nasa                              Naku

Nashi

Sai dai a sigar karin harshen Hausar Jibiya a lamirin mutum na farko (Nmj) da (mc) da kuma mutum na uku (nmj) kawai duk ana iya samu shafawar wasali kamar haka:

Dai-daitacciyar Hausa Dangin Jibiyanci; misali

Nawa         Naw/nau  Gida nau

Tawa          Taw/Tau   Mota tau

Nashi         Nai              Yara nai

Haka kuma a kan sami shafewar wasali a wasu kalmomi na daban kamar haka:

mani           man            misali                  yanmani    ya man

masa           mas            ta masa/    ta mas

duka           duk             duka suka zo/ duka sun zo

b.    Shafewar Baƙi a Wasu Kalmomin Hausar Jibiya

Ana samun shafewar sautin wasu baƙaƙe a wasu kalmomi a karin harshen Hausar Jibiya kamar haka:

daidaitacciyar Hausa             Dangin Jibiyanci

Tausayi                                   Tausai

Tsautsayi                                Tsautsai

Ɗaya                                       ɗai

c.      Shafewar Wasalin Karshe a Kalmomin Aikatau

Ana samun shafewar wasalin karshe a wasu kalmomin aikatau a karin harshen Hausa Jibiyanci kamar haka:

Daidaitacciyar Hausa   Dangin Jibiyanci

-         sani                           san

-         gani                          ga

-         ɗauki                        ɗau

-         saye/ sayo                sai

-         bari                           bar

-         tafi                            tai

Abin duba a nan shi a kalmomin gani da ɗauki, waɗanda kalmomi ne masu gaɓoɓi biyu an shafe, wasali /i/ da /e/ a cikin kalmomi sani da saye da kuma bari, sannan kuma aka sami shafewar baƙin /f/ a Kalmar tafi.

d.    Shafewar Sautuka a Wasu kalmomin Korewa

da mahaɗi

babu – ba

domin – don

duka - duk

e.     Shafewar (a/r) a Kalmomin Aikatau Masu Nuna Dangantaka

Masana sun nuna cewa “Aikatau duk a aikatau ne sai dai sun bambanta ne ta sigar gaɓoɓin su da kuma ma’anoninsu. Don haka idan aka gutsure wata gaɓa ta aikatau to, ba a haɗe ta da Kalmar da ke a gabanta ko bayanta; misali.

Aikatau mai nuna Dangantaka Gurbin Shafewa Sakamakon Shafewar

Sayar da     say (a/r) da         sai – sai da

Mayar da   may (a/r) da       may – mai da

Gayar da    Gay (a/r) da        gay – gai da

Tsayar da  tsay (a/ar) da      tsay – tsai da

Tayar da    ta (ya/r) da          ta – da

Kawar da   kawa (a/r) da      kaw – kawar da

Zubar da    zub (a/r) da         zub – da

Amman a sigogin Hausar Jibiyanci duk bambancin kaɗan ne kamar haka:

Sai da

Mai da

Gai da

Tsai da

Kau da

Zub da

da sauransu

A lura. Sannan shafewar sautukan (a/r) a waɗannan kalmomin rowan dare, ne game duniyar Hausa wato matsalar ba, ta tsaya kawai wani karin harshen Hausa ba, har ma a cikin daidaitacciyar Hausa wannan abun ya shafa ma’ana yana faruwa.

f.      Sauyawar Sautuka a Hausar Jibiya

Ana samun wasu ‘yan bambance-bambance tsakanin karin harshen Hausar Jibiya da dai-daitacciyar Hausa a wasu wurare a cikin wasu kalmomi kamar yadda za a ga suna amfani da /hw/da/hy/da/ts/ amma kuma babu su a daidaitacciyar Hausa. Haka kuma suna musaya a wurin zama na wasu baƙaƙe ko mayar da wasali baki. Misali:

Dangin Hausar Jibiya Dai-daitacciyar Hausa

Hyace                            fyace

Sabro                             sauro

Tamna                          tauna

Littahi                           littafi

Hitsari                           fitsari

Hwara                           fara

Shinkahwa                   shinkafa

Hyaihuwa                     haifuwa

Kannan                          sannan

Jakkai                            Jakuna

Shanaye                        shanu

Yusif                                       Yusuf

Hulla                             Hula

Ukku                             Uku

Tumakai                       Tumaki

Awakai                         Awaki

Sabka                            Sauka

Halbi                             Harbi

Hwalka                         Farka

Kwalba                         Kwarba

Amre/arme/aure        Aure

Abka                              Auka

Zanna/zamna               zauna 

          da sauran makamantansu

Waɗannan sune ƙaɗan daga cikin wasu sigogin karin harshen Hausar Jibiya, kuma ba su hana fahimtar juna a tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa.

3.2 Garuruwa Masu Amfani da Hausar Jibiya

Idan aka duba wannan sashen zai yi bayanin yadda wasu garuruwa na jibiya suke furucin wasu kalmomi na magana saɓanni wasu sauran garuruwan duk da cewar ana zaune a waje ɗaya ne; Alal-misali a wajen furucin Kalmar “Ludayi” to a Hausar Jibiya za a ji suna faɗin “Lildai” ko a Kalmar “mudu/sai” sai a furta “Tiya” da sauransu.

A wasu garuruwan kuma na Jibiya a kan samu saɓanin furucin wasu kalmomi da ainafin garin na Jibiya kamar magamar Jibiya da kaga da Ɗantambara, waɗannan garuruwan suna amfani da wasu kalmomi na daban, waɗanda da zarar anji furucin su an san ko mutumin ina ne, kasancewar sun yi kusa da layin kan iyaka ma’ana sun matse masa ga kuma mu’amula ta yi kusa sosai ta yau da kullum a tsakaninsu.

Misali a Ɗantambara da Kagadama da Magama duk suna furta “Inniya” a maimako “can” haka, kuma da “hinya can” a maimakon “gashi can”, da “iyee ko iyi” a maimakon “Na’am” da sauransu.

Garuruwan da suka fi amfani da Hausar Jibiya sun fi ɗaukar mafi yawan garuruwan da suke na asalin mutanen wurin ‘yan Jibiya ne ba, zuwa suka yi ba, irin waɗannan garuruwan sun haɗa da:

1.     Zandam  

2.     Matsomatso

3.     Mallamawa

4.     Faru

5.     Farfaru

6.     Lankwasau

7.     Ɗaɗɗara

8.     Kaga/yar kaga

9.     Mazanya

10. Gangara

11. Mai- Kwari

12. Bugaje

13. Kadoji

14. Kanwa

15. ‘Yan Gayya

16. Shimfiɗa

17. Malamai

18. Jibiyar – Maje

3.3 Wasu Kalmomi Hausar Jibiya

Kowane abu na duniya yana da muhimmanci, haka ma a wajen magana duk wanda ya furta magana yasan muhimmancin ta a wajensa. A lamurra na yau da kullum akwai kalmomi da ɗan-Adam yake cin amfaninsu a sakamakon mu’amalarsa da jama’a. Don ya isar da saƙonsa ga wanda yake son ya isar domin cimma wata manufarsa.

To haka abin ya ke a Hausar Jibiya akwai tarin kalmomi da suke amfani da su a cikin maganganunsu na yau da kullum, waɗanda suka danganci rayuwar al’umma.

Abin lura da shi a nan shi ne waɗannan kalmomi an tsinto su ne a yayin furucin ɗaruruwan mutane a garin Jibiya domin gabatar da wannan aiki, saboda ba a rubuce suke ba, sakamakon wannan bincike ba kwaikwayon aikin wani ba ne, kusan shi ne rubutu na farko da aka fara aiwatarwa a kan karin harshen hausar Jibiya domin sama mata matsugunni a cikin jerin kare-karen harshen da ake da su a karin harshen Hausa; misali:

Dangin Hausar Jibiya	Dai-daitacciyar Hausa
Bacci	Kwana
Akaihwa	Farce
Darni	Danga
Bango	Gini
Ijjiya	Ido
Bagala	Shamaki/Haraba
Amai	Kumallo
Tiya	Mudu/sai
Kannan	Sannan
Moɗa	Kofi
Gahiya	Gatari
Hauya	Fartanya
Kwashe	Kalmai
Marece	Yammaci
Mankani	Gwaza
Tsanwa	Kere
Riɗi	Nomai
Danbishi	Jinka
Masassabi	Magirbi
Takuruga	Gujiya/Faruru
Kwaranga	Tsani
Ice	Bishiya
Kiri	Guru
Farar – ƙaya	Allike

3.4 Kammalawa

Wannan babi na uku, mun ga yadda ya yi bayani a kan wasu muhimman abubuwa. A cikin wannan aiki da ake aiwatarwa mai taken “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa” inda a wannan babi ne aka yi maganar sigogin karin harshen Hausar Jibiyanci da Gabatar da taswirar garin Jibiya tare da garuruwa masu amfani da Hausar Jibiya, da kuma kalmomin da ‘yan Jibiya suka fi amfani da su a cikin zantukansu na yau da kullum wajen sadar da saƙoninsu.

BABI NA HUƊU

4.0 Gabatarwa

Wannan babi zai yi magana ne a kan Hausar rukunin wasu al’umma a garin Jibiya. Karin harshen rukuni ya samu ne a sakamakon bambancin aji ko matsayi ko jinsi ko muƙami ko kuma sana’a da ake samu a cikin zamantakewar al’umma. Kuma a ƙarƙashin wannan kashi na karin harsheake samun nau’o’i da dama, musamman abin da ya shafi Hausar rukunin Malamai da ‘yan boko da kabo-kabo da ‘yan tasha da direbobi da ‘yan mata da zawarawa da matan aure da sauran makamantansu.

Wannan ya samu ne sanadiyar zamani, da al’amurran fasaha da ƙere-ƙere da suka bayyana a wannan lokaci da muke cikinsa. Saboda haka wannan babi zai yi magana a kan ire-iren wannan Hausar da nazartar ire-iren kalmomin da ake samu sanadiyarsu, wanda zai taimaka wajen haɓɓaka ɓangaren nazarin harshen Hausa, tare da zaƙulo wata launin Hausa wadda ba kowa ya san da zamanta ba.

4.1 Hausar Malamai a Garin Jibiya

Wannan sashe ya ƙunshi tsokaci ne a kan Hausar Malamai a garin Jibiya, yadda take samuwa da yanda ake sarrafata a wurare daban daban, kamar wurin ɗaukar karatu da wajen zanen suna da ɗaurin aure da lokacin sallah da yayin gaisuwa da jama’a da sauran mu’amalolinsu da al’umma

Hausar Malamai cike take da kalmomi irin na sakayawa, domin jin nauyin ko kunyar ambaton wasu kalmomi. Haka kuma Hausa ce da kalmomin aro suka cika ta, musamman daga harshen Larabci, sakamakon tasirin addinin musulunci ya yi a kan su Malamai ɗin.

Haka kuma, Hausa ce mai tsari da kuma kimtsi na musamman wadda yanayinta ya dace da yanayin ma’abotanta, wato Malamai. Hausa ce wadda aka ɗauki lokaci ana yinta a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Domin tabbatar da wannan zance, ga misali kamar haka:

Hausar Malamai a garin Jiiya	Ma’anarta
Ladabtarwa	A zabtarwa ko yin hiri
Maɓarnaci	Mazinaci
Mahaifa	Iyaye
Alfasha	Batsa ko zina
Musantawa	Ƙaryatawa
Muwafaƙa	Dace ko sa’a ko mafita
Fakiri	Talakka
Al-aura	Tsiraici
Jima’i, ko Duhuli	Saduwa da mace
Masha Allah	Godiya ga Allah
Farilla	Dole
Na’jasa	Ƙazanta
Fasiƙi ko fasiƙa	Mazinaci ko Mazinaciya
Gaibu ko gaibiya	Abin da ba’a sani ba
Bismillah	Fara
Tafaldal	Ci gaba da yi
Taufikƙi	Gamo da Ƙatar
Na’am	Ya yi
Khairan	Alheri
Laa	Aa
Alhamdullah	Godiya ga Allah
Subhanallah	Tsarki ya tabbata ga Allah (SWA)
Aiwa	Ya yi
Innalillahi	Komawa ga Allah (SWA)
Kabuli	Ƙarfuwa

4.2 Hausar ‘Yan Boko a Garin Jibiya

Yanayin Hausar ‘yan boko ya samu ne a sakamakon matsayi na wasu mutane da suka je makarantar boko, ko suka samu ilimin boko a sakamakon tasirin zamunanci a cikin al’amuransu na yau da kullum.

Ita kuma wannan Hausa ta ‘yan boko kusan matasa ne da yan mata da manyan mutane wanda suka yi karatun boko suka fi yin ta a lokacin da suke haɗu a wasu wurare na mu’amularsu.  Domin nuna wata bajinta ko gwaninta ta nuna cewar an je makaranta, haka kuma kusan ita ma duk kalmomin aro ne daga harshen Turanci da amfani da kaifin murya (KarinSauti) a wasu kamomi ko faɗin wasu sunayen wasu abubuwa. Kamar yadda za mu gani a misalan da za a bayar:

Hausar ‘Yan boko a garin Jibiya	Ma’anarta
Confirm	Ina maka tabbacin haka
Pardon	Ka share das hi
How far	Ya ne ya
Normal	Lafiya lau
Forget	Kamanta da shi
Guys	Kalmar aro ce (Gayu) ta ke nufi
Continou	Mu ci gaba
I will come	Zan zo
Ɓery soon	Dawuri
Take time	Shiga hankalinka
I am ɓery suprise	Na yi mamaki
What eɓer	Duk yadda aka yi
Let me tell you	Bari in faɗa maka
I am so busy	Ina aiki ne
Last time	Lokacin da ya wuce
Last week	Satin da ya wuce
Atleast	Kamar
Alright	Ya yi ƙyau
Although	Ko kuma
An ga wata	Jarabawa ta fita kafin a yita
Zunubi	Carry oɓer Faɗuwar Jarabawa
Dodon bango	Sakamakon Jarabawa
Ƙwaro	Mai ƙoƙari
Buɗe wuta	Mai mayar da hankali
Wanki	Maguɗin Jarabawa
Zan dira	Zan zo
Sha	Harda
Aha	Me ake ciki
Uban saiti	Mutum mai matsala
Kwabsi	Shirme
Haka	Ƙarya ce

4.3 Hausar ‘Yan Mata a Garin Jibiya

Hausar ‘yan mata a koda yaushe ba za ka raba ta da kalmomi irin na soyayya ba; da kuma kalmomin yayi ko sara. Haka kuma Hausar ta ‘yan mata cike take da kalmomi irin na nuna karsashi da shagwaɓa. Haka kuma Hausa ce da take ƙunshe da kalmomin da suka danganci arashi, da habaici da kuma zolaya.

Kamar yanda za mu ga wasu ‘yan misalai kaɗan daga cikin Hausar ‘yan matan a garin na Jibiya kamar haka:

Kalmomin Yan Mata	Ma’anarsu
Rabin Rayuwata	Saurayi na
Habibi	Saurayi
Yaya na	Saurayi na
Ina yin ka	Nuna ƙauna ne ga masoyi
Bulace	Karya ce
Uban Fafa	Gwanin soyayya
Sannunka	Gaisuwa ce
Kamar ba kai ba	Wata ‘yar zolaya ce
Ɗan Wahala	Saurayin da ba’a so
Ya damai ni ko ya cika	Tsana ce ga saurayin da ba son sa
Maƙolo/ matsolo	Saurayin da bai bada abin hannin shi
Kana burgewa	Yabo
Allah Sarki	Wani salon cuta ne
Ina da saƙo zuwa ga zuciyar ka	Wannan yaudara ce da cikin nuna so
Kana wuta	Saurayin da ya iya nuna ma budurwarsa so
Haba Mutumin	Nuna ƙauna ne ga masoyi

4.4 Hausar Matan Aure a Garin Jibiya

Matar aure mace ce wadda take mallakar namiji ɗaya a ƙasar Hausa, kuma wannan mijin nata yana da hurumin aje ta a ko’ina, kasancewar haka akwai yuyuwar zamanta da wasu ‘yan uwan mijinta ko iyayensa ko matan ƙaninsa ko ‘ya’yansa da dai sauransu.

Irin wannan zamantakewar ne ya haifar mata da kalmomi irin na karinmagana da yayi da sara da habaici da kalmomin saye. Misali.       

Kalmomin mata	Ma’anarsu
Al’ada	Jini
Batan – wata	Samuwar ciki
Ta ci waƙe	Ta samu ciki
Allah buɗe ido lafiya	Allah ya sauketa lafiya
Guɗa	Hanyar sadarwa ce
Allah ya bada wuyan ɗauka	Addu’a ce ga ma’aurata ta zaman lafiya
Gidan buɗe yake	Ba komi a gidan na abinci
Ko ya samu	Ciki ake nufi
Maigida	Mijin ken an
Bari za kai	Habaici ne da ake yi ma maigida
Kala bata kai watan bakwai	Karinmagana ne da ake yi na maida martini, ma’ana na miji gida ya gaji da yin dare
Shiruma magana ce	Habaici ne
Ɗan baba	Cikin da ake ɗauke da shi
Har mu gani	Mai gida ya faɗi maganar da baya iya cikawa
Sannu	Gaisuwa ce da ake yi ma mai gida
Barka da zuwa	Gaisuwa ce lokacin da ya shigo gida
Za a tahi	Habaici ne da ake yi wa mai gida lokacin da wani abokin yawon sa ya zo

4.5 Hausar Zawarawa a Garin Jibiya

Zawarawa ko bajawara duk ɗaya ne, kuma jinsi ne na maccen da aurenta ya mutu. Wata a wannan lokacin ne take samun wani yanci na daban wanda yake saɓanin lokacin da tana budurwa. Saboda tan a ganin dai-dai take da kowa, a lokacin da mace take zawarci wata tana haɗuwa da wasu zawara na daban wanda hasali ma ba ƙawayenta ba ne, a lokacin da tana budurwa, saboda tafi ƙarfn yin abota da ‘yan mata dalili da ta hau muhalin da ba su hau ba.

Kasancewar haka zawarawa suna da wata al’ada ta su daban, wadda budurwa bata da nasaba da ita. Haka kuma suna da ƙungiyoyinsu saɓanin ‘yan mata da matan aure kamar “Ƙungiyar Aure ba dole”. Wannan wata ƙungiya ce, da zawara suka haɗa a garin Jibiya a 2001. Wannan ƙungiya ta yi tasiri sai dai ba sosai ba. Saboda Allah ya kawo ɗauki na kafa ƙungiyar “Amirul Bil Ma’aruf” Watau ƙungiyar Hani da mummunan aiki, koyi da kyakkyawan aiki.

Sanadiyar wani ‘yanci da zawarawa suke da shi ya haifar masu da wata Hausa ta musamman wadda idan baki kai gogaggiyar ‘yar duniya ba, wata ma baki fahimtar ta, don tabbatar da haka ga wasu ‘yan misalai kamar haka:

Hausar Zawarawa	Ma’anarta
An bijo – bijo	Ya ya ne
Ya kwalafayin to dish fen ɗin	Ya yau ne
Koofeen ne	Lafiya lau ne
Yau ba yankar biza	Yau ba yawo / ba zuwa ko ina
Ana wannan ruwa ina zan je	Ba kuɗi hannunta
Sai dai zuza	Dai dai ake
Lemon tsami	Raggon namiji
Ina ni ina kai	Haɓaici ne tafi karfin bajawarinta
Gara	Wanda ake yi ma wayo
Offisa	Wanda ake amshe ma abun hannun shi
Oga	Wanda ake so
Ko ina gidan wani take	Daɗin baki ne
Ba kai /ba ka yi	Bajawari mai shegen ɗumi/ Surutu
Mata suna suka tara	Habaici ko gogar zana ga wata mai son bajawarin wata
Gata ga yanda take	Zawarar da bata iya amsar abin namiji ba
Abin zuba ruwa	Bajawari mai ƙaton ciki
Rijiya gaba dubu	Mace mai yawan aure
Sayar da manja	Jinin haila

4.6 Hausar Direbobi a Garin Jibiya

Dangane da yin amfani da wata Hausa ta daban direbobi masu toka mota, ba a bar su a baya ba. Sana’ar toki to jima a ƙasar Jibiya, wadda har yanzu ana gudanar da ita. Ta kasance wata muhimmiyar sana’a wadda an samu mutane da dama wanda wannan tokin ya kawo a garin na Jibiya wasu daga Maraɗi (Niger Rep) wasu daga cikin gida nan Nijeriya, wanda in ba ka yi amfani da tarihi ba baka sanin haka, saboda duk sun zama ɗaya da ‘yan asalin garin.

Wasu hulɗa ta toki a garin Jibiya tana da reshuna daban-daban, saboda akwai direbobi da dama ma’ana akwai direbobin nesa da na kusa, haka kuma akwai direbobin (Smuggle) fasakwabri da direbobin (Passenger), Jama’a haka ma garin akwai direbobin manyan motoci da ƙanana.

A sakamakon wannan mu’amular wannan rukunin al’ummar suma akwai Hausar da suke amfani da ita domin samun kyakkawar fahimtar junansu. Misali:

Hausar Direbobi	Ma’anarta
Barde	Jarumi
Lamba wan	Wanda ya fara Lodi
Amaryar Sarkin tasha	Wanda bai loda komi ba (Empty)
Zabo ne	Matsoraci
Akwai	Wani zai sauka
Ina zuwa	Wane gari zaka
Je sama	Tafi
Malam goje	Yaron Mota
Dan mai mota	Wakilin mota
Tsohon kare	Yaron Mota mai kissa
Sai oga	Girmamawace/ Gaisuwa
Na ciwo shi	Ya tadda abokin tafiyar sa
Motar bata ja	Motar bata gudu
Jakka ce	Motar marar gudu
Ku bashi zane	Direban da baya son barin gida
Siniya	Babban direba
Wakilin mota	Jami’in kula da mota
Sarkin direbobi	Habaici ne, mai nuna iyawa
Ya taune	Direban da tuƙiya ya saki
Dan zaman Jarka	Mai motar da ake tafiya da shi kuma bai iya mota ba
Yaron ya kai shege	Yabo ne, ma’ana yaron ya iya mota
Liba	Yaron dan ƙaramin Karen mota
Akuya	Rishin mutunci
Bullo ne	Fasinjan da ba za a karɓi kuɗinsa ba
Gyaaraa	Ƙari a bisa wajen saukar fasinja
Saa wuta	Direba ya yi gudu
Zabii	Fasinjan da ba su hawan mota a cikin tasha
Kwalawa/ma’aikaci	Dan Sanda
Ajiye ta gabansa	Ayi fakin a gaban wata mota
Ana ɗan samu a nan	Ana samun fasinja koda yaushe
Ta kama lojin	Mota ta lalalce akan hanya
Tuwo da nama	Dan tasi
Yi mata lamba	A gogi wata mota
Ɗan gata	Direba ko yaron motar da ake ji da shi

4.7 Hausar ‘Yan tasha a Garin Jibiya

Tasha waje ne na hawan mota wanda yake tattare da mutane daban-daban. Wasu kasuwanci ke kawo su, su aiwatar su tafi, wasu kuma ta zamar masu mazauni. Tasha wuri ne na mu’amular mutane da yawa, kusan duk wanda ya zo tamkar gida ne da wannan ne suke yi mata kirari da cewa “Tasha baki haihuwa sai raino”. Tasha ta kasance wata matattara da wasu al’umma ko jama’a na daban, wanda duk irin yanda ka zo zaka tarar da akwai irin naka a wajen. Haka kuma ta kasance maɓoya a wajen wasu mutane kamar mashaya da masu sai da kayan shaye-shaye da yara masu gudun makaranta, da ‘yan mata masu tallace-tallace da 'yan duniya iri daban – daban.

Hakan shi ya haifar mata rashin tarbiya, da kuma fitsara da nuna isa ga duk wanda ya ga ya kai ɗan duniya. Kusan duk Hausar da ‘yan tasha ke amfani da ita kusan duk kalmomi ne na Habaici, gugar zana, shaguɓe da nuna rashin girmamawa, kusan wasu ma batsa ce. Domin tabbatuwar wannan zance ga ‘yan misalai kamar haka:

Hausar ‘Yan Tasha	Ma’anarta
Wooss – Wus	Kira ne
Ji mana/ na ce ba	Duk kira ne
Yaron zamani	Macucin yaro
Kare	Wanda baya da mutunci
An hito / an fito	Gaisuwa ce
In dai tasha ce ga ka ga ta	Gargadi ne ake yi ma sabon zuwa
Ankar	Nuni ne akan wani abu
Yabi ta sama nai	Ya wuce shi
Dan wankiya	Macuci
Ƙwaro ne	Mai wayo ne
Yaron birni	Ba ƙyuya ba biyan buƙata
Ɗan birni	Yaro mai wayo
Yaron zamani	Ɗan iskan yaro
Dattijon Arziki	Wani tsoho ne dake saida kayan alfasha
Yaron arziki	Yaron da yasan komi, game da alfasha
Yar ƙaramar ƙasa	Ƙaramar yarinya malalaciya
Tsohon najadu	Tsohon banza
Boka	Makaryaci
Alhaji/Malam gyara	Wato namiji ya matsa
Fasa wannan	Neman canji ne
Inaa ne	Ina za ka
Ka dakee	Ka yi hakuri
Kuɗin gwamnati	Kuɗin lodin farko na mota
Hankali da Aljihu	Ɗan sane ya shigo motar
Mun kasha gari	An samu kuɗi
Kancal	Mai ɓata harka/ dan shisshigi
Dan gwamna	Dan wiwi
Farar laya	Ƙullin wiwi
Haɗari	Jami’in tsaro baƙi
Muhamman	Bakon ido
Wa’ankar	A lura
Yaron birni	Yaro mai ƙyuya

4.8 Hausar ‘Yan Kabu – Kabu

Kabu – Kabu sana’ace wadda wani rukunin mutane kan yi a cikin garin Jibiya. Wannan sana’ar ana amfani da Babura (Mashuna) wurin amfani da su domin ɗaukar mutane ko kaya daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan. Wannan sana’a ta samu sauye – sauye ta fanin suna a zamani daban – daban kamar haka.

          A farko ana kiran masu wannan sana’a da ‘yan irga-irga a lokacin suna ɗaukar mai (oil) da ake zubawa motoci da injina kamar fetur, gas, dab akin mai daga kan iyakar Nijeriya zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar Nijer, daga baya suka koma ɗaukar mutane cikin garin na Jibiya zuwa wasu wurare daba-daban, domin samun abin rufin asiri (kuɗi) daga hannun waɗanda aka ɗauka.

Haka uma ana kiran su ‘yan kabu-kabu, ma’ana masu ɗaukar kaya ko mutane daga wani wuri zuwa wani wuri. Bayan wannan ana kiransu ‘yan acaɓa, ma’ana masu samun kuɗi ta sanadiyar sufurin mutane ko kayak o wani aike ko aiki da za’a yi da babur (Mashin).

Daga bisani zamani ya yi tasiri a sakamakon yawace-yawace da yan kabu-kabun ke yin a garin Jibiya zuwa wurare daban-daban kamar Gusau da Abuja da Kaduna da Neja domin samun abin masarufi wannan ya haifar ma sana’a sunaye da dama wanda wasu daga harshen Turanci ne wasu kuma yarbanci kamar (Eɗpress) Isfires ƙirƙira suna ne daga titi ko hanyar da suke aiki a kanta. Haka kuma Okada daga harshen Yarabanci.

Wannan sana’a ita ma akwai wasu alamomi da masu aiwatar da ita ke amfani da su domin isar da saƙo a tsakaninsu. Haka kuma bayan amfani da daga hannu domin nuna ma mai tafiya zai hau mashin ne, akwai kuma ɗaga kuɗi domin neman canji, wannan duk wasu alamomi ne da suke amfani da su.

Haka kuma ‘yan kabu-kabu akwai Hausar da suke amfani da ita domin isar da saƙo a tsakaninsu sai dai ba wata mai yawa bace, kamar haka.

Hausar ‘Yan Kabu-Kabu	Ma’anarta
Gura Gura	Tsohon mashin
Huzila	Mai aiki Tuƙuru
Sabon Yanka	Wanda bai ida iya mashin ba
Sabon kamo	Wanda bai jima yana sana’ar ba
Famanan	Mai yin balas duk sati
Ɗan Faces	Wanda duk shekara sai an canja masa mashin
Ɗan Arufta	Mai gudu
Ɗan taɓa ka lashe	Wanda ke yin biya wani ɗan lokaci ko yini/ wuni
Ɗan dusta	Dan gayu, wanda ba ko’ina yake zuwa ba
‘Yan ziri-ziri	Masu yawo
Matattu /yan tasha	Masu zama waje ɗaya
Ɗan lilo	Mai matsala wajen biyan kuɗi
Go and Come	Turanci ne zuwa da dawo yake nufi
Ya ɗauki aje ɗin	Ya aikin
Baabaa	Salon gaisuwa ne
Balbeela	Wanda ba ya biyan kuɗi
Ɓata hazo	Babur mai hayaƙin tsiya
Doki na	Mashin ɗina
Arfa	Yarin mai haiwan babur kuma bata da kuɗi
Koora	Yawan neman fasinji
Soojaa	Wanda bas hi da mashin
Soolo	Yawoo ba fasinja
Ta kulle	Ba fasinja
Tuu fason	Mutum biyu a mashin ɗaya
Zan-zam	Gyararre/ lafiyayye
Zaazuu	Shata/ ɗaukar mashin tsawon wani lokaci
Bata ƙarewa	Babu harka
Yawa	Ƙauyanci
Sama ko (off)	Hirji, wani ɗan gari ne cikin kasar Nijar kuma matattara ce
Akwai nauyi	Kana da kuɗi
Kamowa	Samun aiki
Layun tsari	Kuɗi
Kasheshi bashi	Mashin ɗin da gwamnati ke badawa bashi
Ƙato da lage	Wake da shinkafa
Yaka Malam	Abincin sayarwa bakin titi
Lashe moni	Mace mai son kuɗi
Waku	Abinci

 

4.9 Kammalawa

A wannan babi, bayan an gabatar da abin da babin za ya tattauna a kai, sai aka fara duba akan wasu muhimman abubuwan da babin ya ƙunsa, ta fanin fito da wasu kalamai, wanda lallai idan baka amsa sunanka Bahaushe ba, bai zama lallai kasan masu maganar me suke faɗa ba.

Saboda babin ya yi magana ne sosai a kan Hausar wasu rukunin al’ummar ƙasar Jibiya wanda kuma take a cikin ƙasar Hausa. Haka aka kammala babin da bada wasu misalai na wasu kalmomi da ‘yan ƙananan jimloli, wanda wasu ruƙunin al’ummar harshen Hausa ne, wanda wannan wani ci gaba ne na musamman da harshen ya samu, da wannan ne ake cewa, Allah ya ciyar da harshen Hausa gaba da ma Hausar baki ɗaya.

BABI NA BIYAR

Kammalawa

5.0 Gabatarwa:

A cikin wannan babi wato na ƙarshe, za a gabatar da wasu ‘yan shawarwari ga ‘yan uwanmu ɗalibai da kuma jawabai na taƙaitawa da na kammalawa tare da ta’aliƙin wasu kalmomi da muka yi amfani da su, haɗi da kuma kawo littafai, muƙalu, kundaye da kuma wasu daga nazarce-nazarce da muka duba da tattaunawa da wasu mutane, ko da akwai buƙatar ƙarin bayani.

5.1 Taƙaitawa

An gudanar da wannan kundin bincike ne ta hanyar yin amfani da babi – babi ɗai – ɗai har guda biyar, kamar yadda kowane bincike kan kasance, wasu kuɗin bincike ma ya ɗauki tubar da waɗancan suka ɗauka. An fara wannan bincike ne da gabatarwa da yadda aikin zai kasance, an kuma kawo manufar bincike da dalilin bincike da muhimmancin bincike da matsalolin bincike da hasashen bincike da farfajiyar bincike da kuma yin amfani da manyan hanyoyin gudanar da bincike. A babi na biyu kuwa mai bincike ya karkata aƙalar binciken wajen ganin an yi waiwaye da kuma bitar ayukan da suka gabata masu alaƙa da kusa da ma ta nesa da wannan aiki, inda aka yi duba da tarihin ƙasar Jibiya da Karin harsherukuni da Karin harshen nahiya da ita kanta daidaitacciyar Hausa da sautukan Hausa da wasulla da kuma haruffa tar da kamala wannan babi. Domin Hausawa na cewa “Waiwaye adon tafya” Wannan ya haifar da waiwaye da kuma bitar ayyukan da suka gabata daga bakin masana wannan fanni na Hausar rukuni da ta kan iyaka da kammalawa.

          A babi na uku kamar yadda Hausawa kan ce “A san mutum a san cinikinsa”, Wannan ya haifar da yin bayani a kan sigogin Karin harshen Jibiyanci da Garuruwa masu amfani da Hausar Jibiya da muhimmancin kalmomin Hausa. Jibiya da Kalmomin. To tun da kuwa ana bincike ne a kan Karin harsheda Hausar wasu mutane na kan iyaka ya zama wajibi da a warware zare daga abawa. Hakan yasa a babi na huɗu a ka yi warwar aikin ta hanyar fyeɗe biri har wutsiya. An bayyana sannan an kawo ma’anar Hausar Malamai a garin Jibiya da Hausar ‘Yan Boko a garin Jibiya da Hausar ‘Yan Kabo-Kabo a garin Jibiya da Hausar ‘yan tasha a garin jibiya da Hausar Direbobi a garin Jibiya da Hausar matan aure da 'yan mata da zawarawa a garin jibiya.

A yayin da a ƙarshe sai aka fara naɗe tabarmar binciken da taƙaitawar abubuwan da suka gabata a wannan bincike, sai bayanin kammalawar binciken da shawarwari da ta’aliƙin wasu kalmomi da ake ganin an samo su ne dalilin wannan bincike. A ƙarshe – ƙarshen wannan aiki an kawo manazarta wadda ta kasance jagora wajen ƙarin bayani a kan wani ko waɗansu bincike makamantan wannan.

5.2 Kammalawa

Alhamdulillahi, Masu iya magana kan ce “Karshen Alewa Ƙasa” Wato komi ya yi farko yana da ƙarshe. To tafiya ta yi tafiya, tun ana tunanin irin batun da za a gudanar domin ganin tabbatuwar wannan aiki har ga shi Allah ya kaimu fagen da muke yin jawabin kammalawa.

A taƙaice dai mun kutsa cikin masana da manazarta daban-daban, kuma an yi ƙoƙarin fito da wasu bayanai dangane da wannan bincike mai taken “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”.

A nan ne aka kawo ƙarshen wannan bincike da aka gudanar, muna roƙon Allah (SAW) ya sanya masa albarka, kuma ya albarkaci duk wani mai nazarin harshen Hausa, da kuma ɗaukacin al’umma gaba ɗaya, ya kuma sanya ya zama sanadiyar ƙarin ɗaukakar harshen Hausa a duniya baki ɗaya.

5.3 Shawarwari

Kasancewar duk wani aiki da mutum ya aiwatar ko ya gudanar akwai, buƙatar shawara a wajen sa. Domin cin gajiyar wannan aiki da ya gabatar. Haka kuma a sakamakon wannan bincike, akwai waɗansu shawarwari da suka taso waɗanda ake ganin idan an dauke su aka aiwatar za su haifar da ɗa mai ido. Waɗannan shawarwari sun haɗa da:

i.                   Duk wani mai nazarin harshen Hausa, wanda za ya gudanar da bincike in har ya yi shige da wannan aiki da aka gabatar, to ya daure ya dasa daga inda wannan aiki ya tsaya, kada su yi juyi wannan aiki kawai. Saboda wannan baya taimakawa nazari ba ne. Ana kuma ƙara ba shi shawara kamar yadda aka ƙirƙiri wannan batu, kuma aka yi shige-shige na ganin an tattaro bayanan da suka gina wannan kundi ya zama abin karatu ga wasu, to lallai ya zama wajibi ga duk mai nazari kuma mai kishin harshe da ya samar da abin da za ya ciyar da ‘yan baya.

ii.                 A ci gaba da bincike mai alaƙa da harshe da walwalar harshe da zamantakewar al’uma don haɓɓaka harkan koyo da koyarwa a makarantu da cibiyoyin ilimi.

iii.              A halin da ake ciki a duniya yanzu ta zama (Globalization), duniya a game take” To a sakamakon haka ya zama masu nazarin zaman takewar al’umma musamman na Hausawa da su kansu Hausawan su riƙa duba irin wannan bincike don su yi amfani da abin da suka koya wajen ganin an cigaba da yaɗa harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa a duniya. Kasancewar harshe na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen isar da sakon kowane tunani da al’adun kowace al’umma.

iv.               Bahaushe na cewa “In kunne ya ji, to gangar jiki ta tsira”. Saboda haka, masu nazarin walwalar harshe da zamantakewar al’umma da jami’an tsaro da masu nazarin tattalin arziki da ma iyaye su karkato hankalinsu zuwa wajen nazarin irin wannan ayyuka don ganin fasalta al’amurran da suka sa gaba na yayansu da rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.

v.                 Masu nazarin zamantakewar al’umma na iya nazartar harshe don haɓɓaka ko faɗaɗa fagen ilimi.

vi.               Huumar hana sha da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi (NDLEA) ta ƙasa na iya nazartar harshe, don gano yadda masu aikata wannan ɗanyen aiki suke sadarwa da harshen Hausa, domin ganin rage ko kawar da wannan harka.

vii.            Irin wannan bincike zai iya haɓɓaka harshe ta hanyar masu sana’o’i, watau a harkar kasuwancin su da ma rayuwa baki ɗaya.

viii.         Masu sharhin al’amuran yau da kullum na iya nazartar harshe a matsayin majingina wajen fasatta al’ammura na yau da kullum na rayuwar Hausawa ta hanyar sadarwa.

5.4 Ta’aliƙin Wasu Kalmomi

1.     Al’ada -      Madubin Rayuwar al’umma

2.     Alaƙa -       Dangantaka

3.     Akuya -      Dabba dangin kura, rago, Tunkiya ds

4.     Bakatsine   Mutumin ƙasar katsina

5.     Bula            Kala

6.     Burgewa    Mai ban sha’awa (Ƙyau)

7.     Birni           Babban gari

8.     Balbela       Tsuntu dangin tantabata, kurciya ds

9.     Bincike       Nazari

10. Dausayi     Fadama

11. Direba        Mai Tuƙa mota

12. Farfajiya     Muhalli

13. Goje            Maiƙarfi ko ƙwazo

14. Gara-gura            Mai tsamin baki

15. Hazo          Yanayin /lokacin sanyi (Buda)

16. Himma      Hanzari, sauri

17. Inganci       Aminci

18. Jakka                    Dabba dangin doki, alfadari, barewa d.s

19. Kimtsi        Shiri. Natsuwa

20. Kwaro        Halitta dangin Turwa, Cinnaka, kiyashi ds

21. Ƙoto            Babba

22. Ƙarfa                    Mai matsala

23. Karewa      An gama

24. Lage           Sandar Fulani

25. Lilo            Yawo

26. Lajin           Dakin haya

27. Matsugunni         Wuri / Waje/ Guri

28. Muhamman        Muhammad

29. Musabbabi          Mafari, Asali

30. Mu’amula Hulɗa

31. Na’am        Amsa Kira e

32. Nahiya       Yanki

33. Offisa         Ma’aikacin kaki

34. Ruftawa     Fadawa

35. Rukuni       Kungiya

36. Saɓani        Akasi

37. Sakayawa Ɓoyewa

38. Sama                    Sararin samaniya

39. Soja             Ma’aikacin aikin soja

40. Wanki        Sikola

41. Wankiya    Daga wanki

42. Wuri          Muhalli

43. Yaran Hausawa Ɗiyan Hausawa

44. Zamani      Lokaci

45. Zakara       Tsuntsu ne dangin kaza, tantabara ds

46. Zaƙulo        Samowa, fitarwa

47. Zabo           Tsintsu ne, dangin kaza zakara ds.

48. Zunubi       Sakamakon laifi (mummunan aiki)

5.5 Kammalawa

A cikin wannan babi na ƙarshe ne aka gabatar da wasu ‘yan shawarwari da taƙaita wannan bincike tare da kammalawarshi, da ta’arifin wasu kalmomi daga cikin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su. Haka kuma aka kawo littafai, muƙalu, kundaye da wasu daga cikin nazarce – nazarcen da aka duba domin ganin ginuwar wannan aiki, ko da akwai mai buƙatar ƙarin bayani.