Ma’anar Zube Daga Bakin Masana

Abu-Ubaida Sani

Jinga da aka gabatar a ajin HAU 817: Hausa Prose Fiction, a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato qarqashin jagorancin Dr. Aliya Adamu Ahmad, ranar Talata, 7 ga watan Mayu, 2019

1.0 Gabatarwa

Manufar wannan takarda ita ce tattaro ma’anonin da masana daban-daban suka ba wa kalmar zube (a bagiren adabi) “zube.” Ba burin takardan ne ta yi sharhi ko qarin bayani dangane da ma’anonin ba. A maimakon haka, za a rattabo su ne kawai tamkar yadda masanan suka samar da su cikin rubuce-rubucen da suka gudanar a matakan ilimi daban-daban. Aikin zai jero ma’anonin na zube ta bin shekarun da aka samar da kowanne. Ma’ana ke nan, za a jero su daga wanda ya fi tsufa zuwa wanda ya fi sabunta.

1.1 Ma’anar Zube Daga Bakin Masana

Xangambo (1984 :9) ya ba da ma’anar zube da cewa: “zube shi ne duk wani rubutu ko wata wallafa da ba waḱa ba ce kuma ba wasan kwaikwaiyo ba ne.”

“Zube shi ne tsagwaron rubutu kai tsaye wanda aka yi shi cikin shafi ko shafuka da sakin layi daban-daban, a rubuce ko a magance” (Mukhtar, 2004:11).

Almajir, (2014: 2) ya bayyana cewa: “Zube zance ne da ake faxarsa ko a rubuce ko a magance wanda yake nuni ga wani abu na rayuwa ta zahiri. Yakan iya zama gaskiya ko qarya.”

A wata ma’anar kuwa, “zube labari ne da marubuci ko mawallafi ya shirya da ka sannan ya rattaba” (Magaji, 1982 a cikin Almajir 2014: 2).

A ra’ayin Bazar, (2015: 95): “Abin da ake nufi da zube shi ne rubutu irin na littattafan qagaggun labarai. Shi irin wannan rubutu ya sha bamban da na tsarin waqa ko wasan kwaikwayo ta fuskar zubi da tsari da salon rubuta su.”

Maigidan Sama, (2017: 1) ya rawaito Mukhtar, (2002) inda yake ba da ma’anar kalmar da cewa: “Zube na nufin rubutun da ba waƙa ba, ba kuma wasan kwaikwayo ba. Idan an ce Zube ana nufin tsagwaron rubutu ne kai tsaye wanda aka yi shi cikin shafi ko shafuka da sakin tayi daban-daban, a rubuce ko a maganance, wato ta hanyar magana.”

Mukhtar (1985) ya kawo ma’anar zube kamar haka: “Zube wani irin zance ne wanda ake faɗansa da baka ko kuma a rubuce wanda yake bayyana yiwuwar wata al’amari, wanda zai iya faruwa a zahiri, amma bai faru ba, ko kuma ba zai taɓa faruwa ba” (Maigidan Sama, 2017: 1).

RI,[1] (2019: 1) ya ba da ma’anar rubutun zube da cewa: “Rubutun zube, ɗaya ne daga cikin muhimman na’ukan adabin zamani. Shi ne ma kusan rubutun da aka fi yi, abu ne da ya haɗiye abubuwan da suka haɗa da rubututaccen labari, tatsuniya, karin magana da sauran makamantansu kamar yadda za a gani a wannan rubutu.”

A shafin Vocabulary, (2019:1) an ba da ma’anar zube ta turanci da cewa: “Prose is so-called "ordinary writing" — made up of sentences and paragraphs, without any metrical (or rhyming) structure.” Fassara: Ana kiran zube da suna “rubutun yau da kullum wanda ya qunshi jimloli ba tare da wani rauji ko tsari na musamman ba.

An ba da wata ma’anar mai kama da wannan a cikin wani shawararren qamusun Ingilishi da ke kan intanet.[2] An ba da ma’anar ne cikin harshen Ingilishi da cewa: “The ordinary form of spoken or written language, without metrical structure, as distinguished from poetry or verse.” Fassara: Hanyar rubutu a harshe na yau da kullum ba tare da qayyadadden zubin layuka ba (irin na waqa), wanda hakan ya bambanta shi da waqa.

A cikin qamusun Inglishi mai suna Oxford Dictionary an kawo ma’anar zube (cikin Ingilishi) da cewa: “Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.”[3] Fassara: Wanyar rubutu ko magana a harshe na yau da kullum wanda ba ya xauke da tsarin layuka irin na waqa.

1.2 Kammalawa

Haqiqa vangaren adabin Hausa na “zube” ya samu tagomashi. Masana da manazarta daban-daban sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu a wannan fage. Yayin da aka yi la’akari da ma’anonin da masanan ke bayarwa, za a tarar da cewa kusan dukansu na komawa ne zuwa ga ma’ana guda, wato labari da ake bayarwa da baka ko ake gabatar da shi a rubuce, wanda kuma ke da siga da tsari da ta bambanta da na wasan kwaikwayo da kuma waqa.

Manazarta

Almajir, T. S. (2014). Furucin Kwalliya a Hausa: Byanainsu da Muhimmancinsu Cikin Rubutun Zube. An xauko ranar 6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2019 daga: www.academia.edu

Bazar, M. A. (2015). Nazarin Jirwayen Karuwanci a Wasu Rubutattun Adabin Hausa. Kundin digiri na biyu wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Xangambo, A. (1984). Rabe-Raben Adabin Hausa da Muhammancinsu ga Rayuwar Hausawa. Kano: Triumph Publishing Company. 

Magaji, A. (1982). Tasirin Adabin Baka a kan Rubutattun qagaggun Labarai, Kundin Digiri na Biyu, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Maigidan Sama, (2017). Tarihin samuwar rubutatun ƙagaggun labarai na Hausa. An xauko ranar 6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2019 daga: https://www.bakandamiya.com/blogs/865/255 /tarihin-samuwar-rubutatun-kagaggun-labarai-na-hausa

Malumfashi, I.A. (2009:31), Adabin Abubakar Imam, Garkuwa Media Service LMD Sokoto

Mukhtar, I. (2004). Jagoran Nazarin Qagaggun Labarai. Kano: Benchmark Publishers Limited.

RI, (2019). Rubutun Zube. An xauko ranar 6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2019 daga: http://rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaRubutunZube.html

Vocabulary, (2019:1). Prose. An xauko ranar 6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2019 daga https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/prose

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[1] Wannan kafa ce ta intanet da ta danganci ilimin Hausa. Ta fi mayar da hankali game da adabin Hausa, musamman rubutun zube.

[2] https://www.dictionary.com/browse/prose

[3] https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/prose