Wannan
babi na huɗu zai kawo bayani game da tasirin zamani a cikin wasannan gargajiya
a Ƙasar Yabo. Sannan babin zai waiwayi dalilan da suka haifar da dusashewar
wasannan gargajiya a ƙasar ta Yabo.
Sufiyanu Abubakar
Hassan Ladan
Hassana Mustapha Ibrahim
Tasirin Zamani a Cikin Wasannin Gargajiya a Ƙasar Yabo
Haƙiƙa a bayyane yake cewa, zamani ya yi tasiri matuƙa cikin
wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo a yau. Wannan tasiri ya haɗa da raunana wasu
daga cikin wasannin, da ma dushewar wasu daga cikinsu gaba ɗaya. A halin yanzu
a fili yake cewa, yara da matasa sun bar al’adun gargajiya na zaman tare wanda
ya haɗa da cin abinci wuri ɗaya, da zaman sauraron tatsuniya da labarai da
kacici-kacici, da kuma zaman hira. A ɓangare guda, ayyukan gayya waɗanda ke haɗa
yara da matasa sun kau a ƙasar Hausa. Gushewar da irin waɗannan al’adu na zaman
tare tsakanin yara da matasa ya samar da dusashewar wasannin gargajiya na Hausa.
Dalilin da Ya Haifar da Dusashewar Wasannin Gargajiya a Ƙasar Yabo
Akwai dalilai da dama waɗanda suka haifar da dusashewar
wasnnin gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo. Daga cikinsu akwai samuwar ilmin addini wanda
ke hani daga shagala da ayyukan ɓata lokaci. Samuwar ilimin boko shi ma ya
taimaka wajen kawar da irin waɗannan wasanni. Waɗanda `yan boko ke ɗauka cewa
rashin wayewar kai ne ke sa aiwatar da su. Sauran dalilan da suka kawo
dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a garin Yabo sun haɗa da samuwar kafafen sadarwa
na yanar gizo (internet) da kuma samuwar finafinan Hausa da makamantansu.
Ilimin Addini
Ilimin addinin Musulunci ya samu ne a ƙasar Hausa ya kuma
zauna da gindinsa. Domin shi addini ne wanda ke tafe da ilimi. Ya ba wa ilimi
muhimmanci na sosai da sosai. Sannan ya yi watsi da aikin banza da wasa mara
amfani da zaman banza da shagala da sauransu.
Duk da akwai masana da suke ganin cewa addinin Musulunci ya
shigo ƙasar Hausa tun kafin ƙarni na goma sha huɗu, Wasu na ganin cewa addinin
Musulunci ya shigo ƙasar Hausa tun ƙarni na goma sha biyu. Wasu ma sun ce tun ƙarni
na bakwai (Habibu, 2001: 47). Amma akwai tabbacin Musulunci ya shigo ƙasar
Hausa tun zamanin sarkin Kano Ali Yaji. Wato shekarar 1349 zuwa 1385
(Birnin-Tudu, 2002: 128).
Daga ƙarni na sha takwas zuwa na sha tara kuma, (musamman
lokacin jihadi), marubuta da dama sun rubuta waƙoƙi domin faɗakarwa da kuma
kiran al’umma (Birnin-Tudu, 2002)[1]. Irin waɗannan rubuce-rubuce da kuma koyarwar
malaman addini sun yi tasiri matuƙa wajen kawar da wasannin gargajiya ta
fuskoki da dama. Domin kuwa yara da matasa sun shagaltu ne ga zuwa makarantin
addini da karance-karance ba tare da samun lokacin wasanni ba.
Ilimin Boko
Ilimin boko ya fara samuwa ne a Nijeriya a wajajen 1820, amma
bai bunƙasa sosai ba sai bayan 1840 yayin a wannan lokaci ne ya fara zuwa ƙasar
Hausa (Ibrahim, et al, 2006). Wannan karatu na boko ya zo da canji da
dama ga al’ummar Hausawa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan canji shi ne yadda ‘ya’yan
Hausawa ke barin duk wasu lamurra domin halartar makarantar bokon na wani
tsawon lokaci cikin ranaku shida na sati. Bayan haka, yayin da ‘yan makarantar
suka dawo gida, mai yiwuwa ne akwai wani aikin jinga da za su gudanar.
Irin waɗannan abubuwa da karatun boko ya zo da su sun sanya ‘ya’yan
Hausawa daina mai da hankali kan wasannin da suka gada ga iyaye da kakanni. A
maimakon haka sai suka raja’a kan karatun na boko. Haƙiƙa wannan na ɗaya daga
cikin dalilan da suka kawo dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa baki ɗaya.
Wanda shi ne dalilin dusashewar wasannin a ƙasar Yabo
Kafafen Sada Zumunta na Zamani
Yanar gizo wato intanet ya ƙunshi hanyoyi da dama na sada
zumunta. Hukumomin tsaro da na sadarwa da kuma ɗaiɗaikun mutane da dama sun
samar da kafafen sada zumunta iri-iri ta hanyar amfani da intanet. A zuwa yau,
kullum irin waɗannan kafofin sadarwa suna ci gaba da haɓaka ne. Wannan ya sanya
da wuya a iya ƙididdige yawan waɗannan kafofin sadarwa na intanet.
A duniyar yau, tuni yanar gizo wato, intanet ta auri yara da
matasa, su kuwa suka tare a gidanta. Wani bincike da kamfanin Google ya gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya nuna cewa, a wuraren da aka ci
gaba, a ƙalla matasa sukan yi awa goma sha biyar (15) a bisa intanet a kowace
rana. Wannan ya bi sahun wani bincike da gwamnatin Amurka ta taɓa gudanarwa,
wanda binciken yana nuni da cewa, a ƙalla matasan Amurka sukan yi awa goma sha
biyar zuwa sha shida (15-16) suna kallon tibi (Tɓ) a kowace rana. Haƙiƙa idan
aka yi la’akari da waɗannan sakamako na ƙididdiga guda biyu, za a iya hasashen
cewa, shafin intanet shi ne ya ƙwace abubuwa da dama wanɗanda matasan suka
shagala da aiwatarwa. Wannan ya faru ne musamman idan aka yi la’akari da cewa,
idan ana maganar kallon tibi ne, akwai ko wane irin kallo mutum yake buƙata a kafar
intanet (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 21).
Yara da matasan Hausawa ma ba a bar su a baya ba a ɓangaren
amfani da yanar gizo. Intanet ya ƙwace al’adu da dama na Hausawa. Wannan ya haɗa
da wasannin gargajiya da dama, da hira har ma da ziyara. A maimakon duk waɗannan,
matasa sun zaɓi su hau bisa intanet da wayoyinsu. A maimakon zuwa taron hira da
matasa ke yi, a yanzu sukan iya kwanciya a ɗaki sannan su yi hirar bisa
intanet, tsakaninsu da abokan kusa har ma da na nesa.
Haƙiƙa intanet za a iya cewa ya kasance tamkar hanjin jimina
ne, wato akwai na ci sannan akwai na zubarwa. Akwai ɗinbin alfanu da intanet ya
zo da shi ga duniyar Hausawa. Sannan ya sauƙaƙa abubuwa da dama. Sai dai kamar
yadda Hausawa ke cewa, kowane allazi da nasa amanu amma wani kafaru gare shi.
Saboda haka, kafar intanet ta zo da abubuwa da dama waɗanda suka kasance koma
baya ga rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa.
Daga cikin waɗannan kafofin sadarwa na yanar gizo akwai:
1. Tu go (2go)
Tugo kafa ce ta sadarwa a intanet. Ya samu karɓuwa matuƙa,
musamman lokacin da ya shigo a wajajen shekarar 2007. An ƙirƙiro tugo a
Johannesburg. Sai dai a yanzu haka ta kasance a Cape Town, South Africa. Waɗanda
suka ƙirƙiro Tugo kuwa sun kasance ɗalibai a jami’ar Witwatersrand. Ɗaliban sun
ƙirƙiro tugo domin su riƙa sadarwa a tsakaninsu musamman yayin da suke hutu
(Idan aka samu hutun makaranta). Bayan haka, da tafiya ta yi tafiya sai kafar
sadarwa ta yaɗu. Jama’a da dama na amfani da ita domin sadarwa a halin yanzu
cikinsu har da matasan Hausawa da na Yabo (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 22).
1. Facebook (Fesbuk)
Facebook kafa ce ta sadarwa wadda take da matuƙar farin jini.
Wanda ya ƙirƙiro wannan kafa shi ne Mark Zuckerberg. An buɗe shafin ne a
shekarar 2004. Sannan ya yi tunanin ƙirƙirar kafar ne domin ya samu damar sada
zumunci tsakaninsa da abokansa a lokacin hutun makaranta. Sai kuma Allah ya
sanya wa kafar sadarwar tasa farin jini. Wanda a yanzu haka, mutanen da ke
amfani da shafin Facebook sun kai sama da biliyan ɗaya. Ko kwanan baya mai
shafin facebook ɗin ya kawo ziyara a Nijeriya, inda a yayin ziyarar tasa ya
bayyana cewa, ya kamata a sanya harshen Hausa a cikin jerin harsunan da ake
amfani da su a shafin Facebook. Wanda kuma ba da jimawa ba aka yi hakan. Yanzu
haka masu amfani da shafin da dama suna yi ne ta hanyar amfani da harshen Hausa
a matsayin harshen umurni (Morison, 2011). Shi ma wannan ya juyar da hankalin
samarin Hausawa daga aiwatar da wasu wasanni na gargajiya (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016:
22).
Whatsapp
Wannan ma wata kafa ce ta sadarwa a intanet. An ƙirƙiro kafar
sadarwa ta Whatsapp ne a shekarar 2009. Waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro kafar su ne, Brian Acton da kuma Jan Koum. Dukansu biyu sun taɓa yin aiki da
kamfanin sadarwa na Yahoo. Wannan kafa ta sadarwa ta kasance mai farin jini matuƙa.
Kusan ma zuwanta ne ya sanya aka rage amfani da kafar sadarwa ta (2go) domin
Tugo ba ya ba da damar tura bidiyo kamar yadda ake turawa a kafar sadarwa ta Whatsapp. Wannan kafa ita ma ta taimaka ainun wajen shagaltar da matasa
ga al`adunsu na gargajiya (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 23).
- Twitter
An ƙirƙiro wannan kafar sadarwa a shekarar 2006. Waɗanda suka
ƙirƙiro wannan kafa ta sadarwa su ne: Jack Dorsey da Noah Glass da Biz Stone da
kuma Eɓan Williams. Wannan kafa ta sadarwa tana da farin jini sosai, sannan
mutane da dama ne ke amfani da ita; har da samarin Yabo (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 22).
1. Instgram
An ƙirƙiro Instagram ne a shekarar 2010. Wanda ya ƙirƙiro
kafar sadarwar sunansa Keɓin Systrom. Bayan ya ƙirƙiro wannan kafa ne kuma, ya
watsa ta duniya gaba ɗaya inda jama’a da dama ke amfani da ita. Wannan kafa an
fi ɗora hotuna da kuma ƙananan bidiyoyi. Hakan ya sanya samari da ‘yan mata na
yawaita amfani da wannan kafa domin burgewa da jan hankulan juna a maimakon
wasannin gargajiya irin na dandali (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 24).
1. LinkedIn
Wannan ma wata kafa ce ta sadarwa ta intanet, musamman ga
masu sana’a. Akan yi amfani da ita ko dai ta komfuta ko kuma wayar hannu.
Hedikwatar wannan kafar ya sadarwa ya kasance a Mountain ɓiew, California a cikin United States. An ƙirƙiro wannan kafa a shekarar 2002. Waɗanda
suka ƙirƙiro wannan kafa su ne: Reid Hoffman da Konstantin Guericke da Jean-Luc ɓaillant da Allen Blue da kuma Eric Ly (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 24).
Haƙiƙa waɗannan kafafen sadarwa da suke sama da makamantansu,
sun ɗauke hankalin ‘ya’yan Hausawa matuƙa daga barin wasannan gargajiya.
- Samuwar Finafinai
Tarihin fara finafinan Hausa (harkar da ta fi kafuwa a Kano)
yana da dangantaka ta kai-tsaye da tarihin fara fina-finai a Nijeriya baki ɗaya
(Ali, 2004). Fim kuwa a Nijeriya ya samu tun kafin samuwar Nijeriya a matsayin ƙasa
ɗaya. An fara fin na farko a Nijeriya ƙarƙashin kulawar Herbert Macauly a
shekarar 1903 (Alfred, 1979; Ali, 2004). A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, ba a haɗa Kudu
da Arewa (a matsarin ƙasa ɗaya – Nijeriya) ba sai a shekarar 1914. Yayin da kuma
aka ba wa Nijeriya ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960 (Isichei, 1997; Douglas, 2004).
Tsakanin shekarar 1903 zuwa 1970 an samu yunƙurin shirya finafinai da dama.
Ali, (200) ya kira su da rukunin fina-finan farko na ‘yancin kai. Masu hannu a
cikin waɗannan fina-finai sun haɗa da Nuhu Ramalam da Adamu Halilu. Bayan nan
kuma, kamfanoni sun ɗauki nauyin shirya wasu fina-finai. Daga cikin waɗannan
fina-finan akwai ‘Shehu Umar’ da ‘Amadi’ da ‘Salla Durba’ (Ali, 2004).
Fina-finan Hausa kuwa kamar yadda ake kallon su yanzu, an
fara su ne tsakanin shekarar 1980 zuwa 1984 a Kano (Gidan Dabino, 2001). Fage,
(2011) ya ce, fina-finan Hausa waɗanda aka fi sani da finafinan Kanawa sun fara
samun karɓuwa ne wajen 1990. A wannan lokaci an sami ƙungiyoyin fim guda uku da
suka haɗa da (i) Gwauron Dutse, da (ii) Karate, da kuma (iii) Gyaranya, waɗanda
kuma duka sun wanzu ne a Kano. Fina-finan farko da aka fara gudanarwa ƙarƙashin
waɗannan ƙungiyoyi su ne: ‘Hukuma Maganin ‘Yan Banza’ da ‘Yan Ɗaukar Amarya’ da
kuma ɓaƙar Indiya’. Waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin waɗannan fina-finai su ne masu ɗaukar
nauyi na farko (first producers); Alhaji Hamisu da Muhammad Gurgu da kuma sani
Lamma (Gidan Dabino, 2001; Ali, 2004).
Samuwar waɗannan finafinan Hausa ya sanya yara da matasan
Hausawa sun raja’a matuƙa wajen kallonsa. Hakan ya sanya ba su damu da wasannin
gargajiya ba. domin kuwa yara sun gwammaci su zauna gaban kallon fim sama da
tafiya wurin wasa. Haƙiƙa wannan wani dalili ne na dusashewar wasannin
gargajiya a ƙasar yabo.
- Rashin Ƙarfafawa Daga Shuwagabanni
Haƙiƙa shuwagabanni ba su ɗauki wasannin gargajiya na Hausawa
da muhimmanci ba duk da kuwa wasannin suna da muhimmanci ta wasu ɓangarori. A
maimakon haka, shuwagabannin sun yi biris da lamurran irin waɗannan wasanni.
Wannan rashin ba da kulawa na shuwagabanni game da wasannin gargajiyar Hausawa
na ɗaya daga cikin dalilin dusashewarsu.
- Mutuwar Ƙungiyoyin Samari
A da can, samarin Hausawa suna da ƙungiyoyi a unguwanni da
kuma wuraren hutawa. Ma’ana sukan yi ayyuka tare, su ci abinci tare sannan su
yi zaman hira tare. Haka ma yara ‘yammata da maza suna da irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.
Sannan irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi na yara sukan ƙara ƙarfi sakamakon wasu al’adu
na Hausawan da suka haɗa da tatsuniya (wanda yaran kan saurara a ƙungiyance/rukuni)
wasannin shekara wato kaka, da ayyukan gayya da kuma ciyayya (kawo abinci domin
a haɗa a ci tare da juna) da dai sauran makamantansu.
Haƙiƙa a yanzu irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun yi ƙaranci.
Hasalima rayuwar ta koma ramin kura, daga ke sai ‘ya’yanki. Al’adar cin abin ci
tare ta yi baya. Irin wannan na ɗaya daga cikin dalilin dusashewar wasannin
gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo.
Naɗewa
Wanna babi ya yi duba ne zuwa ga tasirin zamani a kan
wasannin gargajiya na Hausawa musamman a ƙasar Yabo. Babin ya kawo dalilan da
suka kawo dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo. Waɗannan dalilai sun haɗa
da samuwar ilimin addini da ilimin boko, da kuma samuwar hanyoyin sadarwa na
yanar gizo. Wasu ƙarin dalilan susashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa
wanda babin ya kawo sun haɗa da halin ko-oho da shuwagabanni suka yi ga
wasannin da kuma samuwar finafinai a ƙasar Hausa.
[1] Bayan an yi nasarar jihadi, Musulunci ya yi ƙarfi,
rubutattun waƙoƙi sun ci gaba da bunƙasa har aka shiga ƙarni na ashirin. Bayan
nan ne kuma jigogin waƙoƙin suka bunƙasa, suka wuce iya na addini kawai, suka
shafi na duniyaci (Birnin-Tudu, 2002).
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.