Kundin Neman Digirin Farko (B.A. Hausa) Da Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya Tsangayar Fasaha Da Ilimin Addinin Musulunci Jami’ar Usamanu ‘Danfodiyo Sakkwato.
Kwatanci Na Kamanci Da Bambanci Tsakanin Jimlar Tambaya Da Jimlar Korewa Ta Hausa Da Ta Fulatanci (4)
NA
DAYI RILWANU
BABI NA BIYU
MA’ANAR JIMLA DA RABE-RABEN TA
2.0 SHIMFIƊA
A babi na biyu, an yi waiwaye ne kan ma’anar da masana suka bayar na Jimla da
rabe-raben ta wato Jimlar tambaya da Jimlar korewa da Sassauƙar Jimla da kuma
Jimlar Umurni. Sannan an nuna yadda kowace jimla take daga cikin jimlolin da
aka ambata, a cikin harshen Hausa da na harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde). Haka kuma
an waiwayi ma’anar jimla a harshe Fulatanci (Fulfulde) ita ma kamar yadda
masana suka bayar da ita, saboda wannan bincike ya shafi harsuna biyu ne wato
harshen Hausa da kuma harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde). An naɗe babin da jawabin
kammalawa a taƙaice.
2.1 M’ANAR JIMLA DAGA MASANA NAHWUN
HARSHEN HAUSA
Masana nahawun Hausa da dama sun ba da gudummuwarsu wajen fito da ma’anar
jimlar Hausa gwargwadon fahimtarsu, irin waɗannan masana sun haɗa da:
Sani, M.A.Z. (1999) Cewa ya yi “Jimla magana ce cikakkiya mai ma’ana wadda aka
gina bisa wasu ƙa’idojin harshen na musamman”.
Ibrahim, A.B. (2006) Ya kira jimla da cewa “jimla zance ne ƙumshe da cikakkiyar
ma’ana wanda aka gina bisa tsarin nahawun harshe”.
Daudu G.K. (2009) Ya bayyana ma’anar jimla a harshen Fulatanci kamar haka:
“Jumlaawol kangol woni maadi kalima ji ko hokkata haala ka ma’ana focciigol
don nahawu.”
Fassara:
Jimla ita ce gini na kalmomi masu bayar da wani zance mai ma’ana bisa wata
tsararriyar ƙa’ida ta nahawu
Bisa la’akari da irin bayani da masana suka ambato a kan ma’anar Jimla, za a
iya fahimtar cewa, jimla ba komai ba ce illa wani zance da aka gina bisa wata
tsararriyar ƙa’ida ta nahawun harshe da masu amfani da shi suka yarda ko suka
aminta da ita.
2.2 IRE-IREN JIMLOLIN HAUSA
Masana sun yi ƙoƙari matuƙa wajen samar da nau’o’in jimlar harshen Hausa. Duk
da cewa ra’ayinsu ya bambanta game da tsarin rabon nau’o’in jimlar, a wannan
nazarin an ɗauki ra’ayin masanan da suka raba jimla zuwa gida huɗu cewa harshen
Hausa yana da jima nau’i uku ne don haskaka wa masu nazari saboda su fahimci
inda aka dosa. Ga yadda abin yake
1. Jimlar tambaya
2. Jimlar Korewa
3. Sassauƙar jimla
4. Jimlar umurni
Wannan shi ne rabon da wasu masana suka yi game da nau’in jimlar Hausa. Duk da
cewa akwai masu wani ra’ayi na daban waɗanda suka raba jimlar Hausa zuwa gida
uku wato kamar haka:
1. Sassauƙar jimla ko miƙaƙƙiya
2. Sarƙaƙƙƙiyar jimla
3. Haɗaɗɗiyar jimla
Wannan bincike ya zaɓi tsarin rabon da aka fara gabatarwa ne domin gudanar da
nazarin kwatanci da bambanci tsakanin jimlolin harshen Hausa da na
Fulatanci (Fulfulde). Jimlolin da Nazarin ya zaɓa sune Jimlar Tambaya da Jimlar
Korewa.
2.3 JIMLAR TAMBAYA
A wannan kaso za a mayar da hankali ne kan bayanin jimlar tambaya. A harshen
Hausa akwai keɓa’ɓbun kalmomi da ake amfani da su wajen gina jimlar tambaya waɗannan
kalmomi ana amfani da su a cikin jimlar don su bambanta ta da sauran jimloli.
Waɗannan kalmomi suna iya zama tamkar doka a lokacin gudanar da tsarin ginin
jimlar tambaya a harshen Hausa. Akwai kuma alamar da ake amfani da ita, wadda
ita ta ke nuna cewar jimlar ta tambaya ce. Kalmomin da ake amfani da su a
harshen Hausa wajen gina jimlar tambaya sun haɗa da:
1. Wa
2. Yaushe
3. Ina
4. Yaya
5. Ƙaƙa
6. Ko
Zuwan waɗannan kalmomi tare da alamar tambaya ‘D?ɗ a cikin jimla shi ne
ke nuna cewa jimlar ta tambaya ce.
Dokar da take samar da jimlar tambaya a harshen Hausa ita ce:
1.
Dole ne kalmomin tambaya
su zo a farkon jimla.
2.
Dole a sami alamar
tambaya a ƙarshen jimlar tambaya.
HAUSA
1.
‘DWaɗ Musa yaa kama ‘D?ɗ
2.
‘DMeɗ yaa sami Garba ‘D?ɗ
3.
‘DYausheɗ za a dawo
karanta ‘D?ɗ
Harshen Fulatanci shi ma yana da nasa keɓa’ɓbun kalmomi da yake gina jimlar
tambaya da su. Waɗannan kalmomi kusan yanayin aikin su iri ɗaya ne da na
harshen Hausa sai dai tsarin rubutun su ya bambanta. Ga yadda suke zuwa a cikin
jimla.
1. Moye
2. Koye
3. Ndey
4. Toye
5. Noye
Waɗannan su ne kalmomin da harshen Fulatanci ke amfani da su wajen gina jimlar
tambaya. Ga yadda suke zuwa a cikin jimla
FULATANCI (FULFULDE)
1.
‘DMoyeɗ non Garba nanngi
‘D?ɗ
2.
‘DKoyeɗ non hebii Musa
‘D?ɗ
3.
‘DNdeyeɗ non ɗunngartata
janngirde ‘D?ɗ
2.4 JIMLAR KOREWA
A wannan mataki kuma za a mayar da hankali ne a kan nazarin jimlar korewa a
harshen Hausa akwai wasu kalmomi na musamman da aka tanada domin yin sharaɗi da
su, kafin a gina ita wannan jimla kuma ta amsu, sannan da waɗannan kalmomi ne
ake iya ganeta ko nuna irin korewar zance da aka samu a cikin jimla.
Kalmomin kuma, ana amfani da su wajen nuna korewar zance a cikin jimla ta
hanyar bin wasu ƙa’idoji da aka zaɓa na amfani da su don nuna yadda korewa ta
auku. Masana sun fito da tsarin kalmomin korewa da fasalin da ake amfani da su
a cikin jimla, domin nuna irin korewar da aka samu. Wasu daga cikinsu sun nuna
cewa korewa kaɗai ake samu ba tare da sun nuna ƙorewar yanki ce ko ta jimla ce
baki ɗaya, daga cikinsu akwai Kraft C.H. da Kirk Greene (1973:37-40 da 61-64).
Haka kuma akwai waɗanda sun ka yi bayani kan cewa ana samun korewa iri biyu da
ta yankin jimla da ta jimla gaba ɗaya. Daga cikinsu akwai: Amfani A.H. (2006).
Ga yadda kalmomin korewa suke:
1. Ba (baa……..ba)
2. Ba (ba……..ba)
3. Ba (baa……….)
4. Ba (ba…………)
5. Ba (baabu……..)
6. Ba-i (ba-i………ba)
7. Kaada/karka….
Waɗannan sune kalmomin korewa da harshen Hausa ya tanada domin nuna korewa a
cikin jimla. Ga misalin yadda suke a cikin jimlar kamar haka:
Hausa
1. Ba
(baa……..ba)
= ‘Dbaaɗ Audu ya sayaa ‘Dbaɗ
2. Ba (ba…………ba)
= Binta ‘Dbaɗ ta tafi makaranta ‘Dbaɗ
3. Ba
(baa………)
= ‘DBaaɗ kuɗi a banki
4. Ba
(ba………..)
= agwgwa ‘Dbaɗ ta tashi sama sosai
5. Ba
(baabu…..)
= ‘DBabuɗ ruwa a randa
6. Ba-i
(ba-i…….ba)
= ‘DBaiɗ da ce a hana bara ‘Dbaɗ
7. Ƙaada/kar …………..
= ‘DƘaada/karkaɗ tafi
Abin lura a nan shi ne duk kalmomin da aka saka a cikin baka biyu sune kalmomin
da ke nuna korewa a cikin jimlar. ‘DBaaɗ sannan kuma, wannan shi ne bayani da
kuma misalin korewa na jimlar Hausa a taƙaice.
JIMLAR KOREWA TA FULATANCI
Korewa a harshen Fulatanci kamar yadda fasalin ginin jimlar korewa a harshen
Hausa ya ke ƙumshe da wasu muhimman kalmomi da aka tanada don amfani da su wajen
nuna korewa. To harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde) shi ma yana da wasu keɓa’ɓbun
kalmomi da ake amfani da su wajen nuna korewa sai dai kalmomin korewa na
Fulatanci (Fulfulde) suna da yawa kuma suna zuwa ta yanayin zancen da aka faɗa
na korewa. Ga misalin wasu daga cikin kalmomin korewa na Fulatanci (Fulfulde)
kamar Haka:
1. Walaa
2. Haanaa
3. Taa
4. Ya
Waɗannan sune mafi yawan kalmomin da harshen Fulatanci ke amfani da
su wajen nuna korewa a cikin jimla. Ga yadda korewar ta ke a cikin jimlar
Fulatanci (Fulfulde), kamar haka:
FULATANCI
1. Walaa =
ceede ‘Dwalaaɗ der banki
2. Haanaa =
‘DHaanaaɗ ɗun ha ɗa tornɗe
3. Ya = Hajo
‘Dyaɗ hayi Njangirde
4. Taa = Taa
Dillu/Yehu
Abin lura a nan shi ne duk kalmomin da aka saka a cikin baka biyu misali kamar
haka: ‘Dhaanaaɗ da ‘Dwalaaɗ su ne aka yi amfani da su domin nuna korewar jimlar
a cikinn harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde). Haka kuma shi ne taƙaitaccen bayani a
kan abin da ya shafi korewar jimla a harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde).
2.5 SASSAUƘAR JIMLA
A tsarin na sassauƙar jimlar Hausa tana da wasu dokoki da ake ginata kamar
haka: suna da aiki da kuma karɓau (SAK), wato jimla ta kan ɗauki suna da abin
da aka faɗa game da suna. Ga misalin tsarin sassauƙar jimla ta Hausa kamar:
HAUSA
1.
Ali yaa
ci
tuwo
Sn
Aik sn
krɓ
Daga misalin da aka gani a sama za a fahimci cewa jimlar Hausa tana ɗauke da
suna da kuma abin da aka faɗa game da suna (Np) da
(pred.p) .
Haka abin yake a tsarin sassauƙar jimlar harshen Fulatanci: (Jumlowol koungol)
suma suna amfani da yankin suna da kuma abin da aka faɗa game da suna kamar
yadda za a gani a ƙasa. Misali:
1.
Ali nyaami
nyiiri
sn
aik
sn krɓ
2.
Ay sa
nyaami
Kanyaamee
sn
aik
sn krɓ
Abin la’ari a nan shi ne kamar yadda aka gani suma dai suna da tsari irin na
harshen Hausa, domin kowane daga cikinsu yana amfani da tsari na yankin suna da
kuma yankin abin da aka faɗa game da suna.
2.6 JIMLAR UMURNI
Wannan jimla ta umurni tana ɗauke da wani tsari da ya bambanta ta da sauran
jimlolin da ake da su a Hausa. Haka kuma, ita jimlar umurni tana da wani tsari
kamar haka:
1. Ta kan zo da kalma ɗaya rak a matsayin jimla
cikakkiya, mai ma’ana.
2. Kuma kalmar da take zuwa da ita, ita ce kalmar
aikatau.
3. Haka kuma ta kan ƙare da alamar motsin rai !
Ga misalin yadda jimlar umurni ta ke a harshen Hausa kamar haka:
1.
Tashi!
2.
Rubuta!
3.
Harba!
4.
Zauna!
Duk waɗannan misalai ne na jimlar umurni kamar yadda aka gani kalma ɗaya rak ta
ke zuwa da shi a matsayin jimla, haka kuma tana ƙarewa da alamar motsin rai.
Kamar yadda tsarin jimlar umurni take a harshen Hausa haka abin yake a harshen
Fulatanci (Fulfulde) wato ita ma tana ɗauke da wani tsari da ya bambanta da
sauran jimloli da ake da su a harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde). Ita ma jimlar
umurni ta Fulatanci tana da wani tsari kamar haka:
1. Ta kan zo da kalma ɗaya rak a matsayin jimla
cikakkiya mai ma’ana.
2. Kuma,tana da kalmar da take zuwa da ita, ita ce
kalmar aikatau.
3. Haka ita ma tana ƙarewa da alamar motsin rai!
Ga misali kamar haka:
1.
Ummaa! /toofa!
2.
Windu!
3.
Fiiɗu!
4.
Jooɗa!
Wannan shi ne tsari na jimlar umurni a harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde) kamar yadda
aka gani daga misalai da ke sama.
Abin lura a nan kuma shi ne duk jimloli da aka yi bayaninsu da kuma yadda
tsarin gini kowace jimla take, to amma sai dai binciken ya mayar da hankali ne
kan jimloli biyu daga cikin jimloli da aka ambata domin a kwatanta kamanci da
bambanci na jimlar korewa da ta tambaya ta Hausa da ta Fulatanci (Fulfulde).
2.7 NAƊEWA
A wannan babi na biyu an yi waiwaye, ma’anar jimlar Hausa da kuma Jimlar
Fulatanci kamar yadda masana suka kalleta a gurguje, haka kuma an waiwayi
rabe-raben jimlolin Hausa da kuma yadda tsarin kowace jimla a harshen Hausa da
kuma harshen Fulatanci (Fulfulde). Daga ƙarshe sai na rufe babin da jawabin
kammalawa wato naɗewa a taƙaice.
2 Comments
Sunana Abdurrahman sani Bakori.
ReplyDeleteA gai da malam Abdurrahman.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.