Karin Harshe Na Rukuni: Nazarin Hausar Shafin Makaranta Na Jaridar Aminiya
Amsoshi
Baya ga karin harshen Hausa da ake samu a yankuna daban-dabam na k’asar Hausa, haka ma ana samun karin harshe na rukunin al'umma daban-daban. Karin harshen rukuni kan samu ne, ko dai dalilin matsayi ko muk’ami ko aiki ko jinsi ko addini ko ilimi ko kuma shekaru. Wannan bincike ya yi nazarin wani nau'in Hausa na rukuni wadda ake samu a shafin jaridar Aminiya, mai suna 'Shafin Makaranta Hausa’. Binciken ya yi k’ok’arin fito da nau'in Hausar da shafin ke amfani da ita tare da k’ok’arin kawo bambancinta da Hausar da aka saba da ita yau da kullum, wannan shi ya k’ara tabbatar da Hausar shafin makaranta Hausa a matsayin wani nau'in karin harshe na rukuni.
https://www.amsoshi.com/2017/09/30/zumuntar-bahaushe-a-zamanin-gsm/
Karin harshe wani ‘bangare ne na ilimin walwalar harshe a cikin kimiyyar harshe. Karin harshe ya danganci bambancin da ake samu na magana a cikin harshe d’aya, wanda bai kai ga ya haifar da rashin fahimta kwata-kwata ba tsakanin masu magana da harshen, sai dai ga wad’anda na ‘yan rukunin da ake amfani da shi ba. Ana iya nazarin karin harshe ko ta ‘bangaren yanki ko kuma rukuni. Karin harshe na yanki ya danganci bambancin da ake samu a cikin harshe dalilin yanki ko wurin da al'umma suke zaune. Yanki yana iya haifar da nau'in bambancin magana a cikin al'umma masu harshe d’aya, wanda shi ne ake kira karin harshe na yanki ko nahiya.
Wani nau’in karin harshe, shi ne karin harshe na rukuni. Karin harshen rukuni shi ne wanda ake samu dalilin alak’a ta rukuni a cikin al’umma. Alak’ar karin harshe na rukuni na iya kasancewa ko dai don shekaru ko matsayi ko ilimi ko addini ko jinsi ko aiki ko kuma muk’ami. Wannan rukunin shi ma ya kan haifar da nau’in magana daban, daidai rukunan da muka ambata a sama.
A wannan takardar an yi bincike mai taken: ‘Karin Harshe Na Rukuni: Nazarin Hausar Shafin Makaranta na Jaridar Aminiya’, za a duba wani nau’in Hausa na rukuni wadda ake yi a wani shafin jaridar Aminiya mai suna ‘Makaranta Hausa’. Hausar shafin makaranta ta danganci wani rukunin al’umma ke’bantattu da ke matsayin d’aliban makaranta da malaminsu mai suna ‘Dodo’. Ita wannan Hausa, d’aliban da masu karanta shafin a kai a kai ne kad’ai ke iya fahimtar abin da take nufi kai tsaye. Kalmomin da ake amfani da su a shafin na Hausa ne amma rukunin d’aliban makarantar da malaminsu ne suke tsara su, suna kuma amfani da su, kuma su ne suka fi sanin hanyar da suke bi wajen k’irk’iro kalmomin da kuma jumlolin daga cikin Hausar da aka saba da ita.
Sha’awar Hausar shafin ta la’akari da hikimomin da ke ciki, shi ya sa na yi nazari a kan Hausar a matsayin wani nau’in karin harshe na rukuni.
Bayanan da za mu yi amfani da su mun tattara su ne daga cikin jaridu goma sha uku (na makawanni 13) da ke k’unshe da shafin na ‘Makaranta Hausa’. Shafin yana fitowa a shafi na goma sha hud’u (14) na jaridar ta Aminiya wadda ake bugawa a kowane sati. Mun yi nazarin Hausar kowane shafi daga cikin wad’annan jaridun a lokacin da nake gudanar da wannan binciken.
Masana da dama sun bayar da ma’anar karin harshe da kuma nau’o’insa. Wasu daga cikin wad’annan masanan su ne:
Skinner (1977:6) Ya kalli harshe a matsayin – ‘Wani nau’in magana a cikin harshe d’aya, wanda ba shi ne ainihin harshen ba’.
Crystal (2008:142) Ya bayyana - ‘Karin harshe ko dai na yanki ko rukuni, a matsayin wani nau’in magana na harshe wanda ake iya ganewa ta wasu kalmomi da tsarin harshe (nahawu). Y ace karin harshe mafi yawa yana da tsarin furuci ko nau’in magana da ya bambanta’.
Mathews (1977:56) kuwa ya bayyana: ‘Karin da duk wani nau’in magana na harshe musamman kuma wanda ake magana da shi a wani sashe na k’asa’.
Sani (2009: 02) ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe a matsayin; ‘Nau’i ne daga cikin nau’o’in harshe guda wanda ake amfani da shi musamman a wani sashe na al’umma’.
Adeyanju (1989: 39) kuwa ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe- ‘A matsayin yadda mutum ya saba yin magana a cikin gungun al’umma da yawa masu harshe d’aya’.
Karin harshe ke nan yana nufin bambancin magana da ake samu tsakanin mutane masu harshe d’aya wanda bai isa ya haifar da rashin fahimta tsakaninsu ba. Duk harshen da ya bunk’asa yana iya samun karin harshe a cikinsa.
Amfani (1993:02) ya bayyana: ‘Nazarin karin harshe (dialectology) a matsayin nazarin yanayin magana na harshen mutane d’aya, wad’an da ke fahimtar juna, kuma suna da alak’ar huld’a ta magana’.
1.2.2 Nau’o’in Karin Harshen Hausa
Karin harshe a Hausa yana da nau’o’i guda biyu; wad’annan kuwa kamar yadda malamai suka bayyana su ne; karin harshe na yanki da kuma karin harshe na rukuni. Karin harshe na yanki, shi ne wanda ake samu dalilin wurin zama ko yankin da al’umma suka fito. A irin wannan hali yanki ko wurin zama yana iya haifar da nau’in magana na daban ga al’umma.
A Hausa kuwa akwai kare-karen harshe na yanki, kamar yadda Bergery (1934), Ahmed Da Daura (1970), Liman (1978), Malka (1978), Amfani (1980, 1993), Zaria (1992), Sani (2003), suka bayyana wad’an da suka had’a da: Kananci, Sakkwatanci, Dauranci, Zazzaganci, Bausanci, Zamfaranci, Adaranci, Damagaranci, Gobiranci, Kurfayanci, Canganci. Wad’annan kare-karen harshe kuwa ana samunsu ne a yankin Arewacin Nijeriya da Arewacin Jamhuriyar Nijar.
Wasu daga cikin malaman sun rarraba su a matsayin na sashen gabas da yamma ko manya da k’anana. Yayin da wasu suka kalle su a bisa tsarin tarihin Bayajida.
Ana iya ganin bambancin karin harshe na yanki a dukkan ‘bangarorin nazarin kimiyyar harshe tun daga ilimin furuci har i zuwa ga ilimin ma’ana.
A ‘bangaren karin harshe rukuni kuwa, Mathews (1977:344) ya bayyana cewa: ‘Nau’in magana ne, wanda ya danganci wani nau’in al’umma ko rukunin wata tawaga d’aya a cikin al’umma’.
Fagge (2001) Ya yi nazarin karin harshen Hausa na rukuni, inda ya kawo Hausar da ta shafi rukunin al’umma daban-daban wadda ta had’a da Hausar: ‘Yan siyasa da Hausar gardawa da Hausar ‘Yan k’adiriyya da Hausar ‘Yan motocin haya da Hausar ‘Yan aca’ba. Bugu da k’ari ya kawo Hausar ‘Yan Sanda da Hausar Makanikai da Hausar K’ungiyoyin addinai (‘Darik’a, Izala, Shi’a) da Hausar ‘Yan mata dai sauransu.
Yakasai (2012), Shi ma ya kawo irin wannan Hausa ta rukuni wadda ta k’unshi Hausar Kasuwanci da Hausar Sarakuna da Hausar Mawak’a da Hausar Malamai da Hausar Dattijai da Hausar Samari da ‘Yan Mata da Hausar Matan Aure da Hausar Gidana Magajiya da kuma Hausar Wurin Zaman Makoki.
Karin harshe na rukuni, karin harshe ne wanda ya danganci bambancin magana da ake samu dalilin matsayi ko aji ko rukuni ko shekaru ko muk’ami ko jinsi ko addini ko ilimi ko kuma tarayyar aiki iri d’aya (a irin wannan yanayi ne ake samun kalmomin fannu, da suka ke’banta ga wani aiki ko ma’aikata).
Wannan nau’in karin harshe ya sha bamban da karin harshe na yanki domin ana iya samunsa a cikin al’umma ko tsakanin mutanen da suke da tarayya d’aya daga cikin abubuwan da muka ambata a baya na shekaru ko matsayi ko aji ko ilimi ko jinsi ko aiki ko muk’ami.
Bambancin da ake samu a irin wannan karin harshe na rukuni bai yi yawan na karin harshe na yanki ba, domin shi wannan ya fi shafar kalmomi ne da ‘yan guntayen jumloli wad’an da rukunin al’ummar da ke amfani da su, sun fi sauk’in fahimtar sak’on da suka k’unsa.
Aminiya wata shahararriyar jaridar Hausa ce, wadda kamfanin ‘Media Trust’ da ke da babban ofishinsa a Abuja, ya ke bugawa a kowane mako, jaridar tana fitowa a ranar juma’a ta kowane sati. An fara buga wannan jarida ne, a shekara ta 2006 kuma tana da shafuka arba’in (40) a cikinta.
Kamar mafi yawan jaridu, wannan jaridar ta Aminiya tana da shafukan da suka k’unshi labarai na gida da na waje da shafukan ilimantarwa da na tallace-tallace da na labaran al’ajabi da rahotanni da kuma shafukan nishad’antarwa.
Shafin da za mu yi nazari a kansa, shi ne shafin ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ na jaridar Aminiya, wanda shafi ne na, fad’akarwa da ilamantarwa da ke zuwa cikin siga ta nishad’i. Abin da ya ja hankalina akansa shi ne, Hausar da ake amfani da ita a shafin da yadda ake sarrafata da jujjuyata da k’irk’iowa da kalmomi abun ban sha’awa, har ya kai ga wanda ba d’alibin makarantar ba sai ya kasa fahimtar inda aka dosa.
Wannan shafi na ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ a kowane mako yana fitowa a shafi na goma sha hud’u (14) na jaridar Hausa ta Aminiya kuma yana da siga ta nishad’antarwa da take gudana ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sigar tana nuna cewa ana isar da wasu sak’onni ne, na ‘yan makaranta.
Tsarin shafin ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ yana tafiya ne bisa tsarin makaranta wadda ke da d’alibai da malami d’aya da suke kira ‘Dodo’ , wannan ne, ya sa ma akwai surar wani hoto da ba a gane kowane ne ba a saman shafin, a gefen hagu, wanda ga dukkan alamu shi ne hoton ‘Dodon’ da adireshinsa na email a k’asa mai taken ‘turakundodo@yahoo.com’.
Shafin bugu da k’ari yana tafiya ne da tsarin ko dai dodon ya bayar da labari ko kuma sak’on wasik’u daga d’aliban makarantar daban-daban da ke jihohin k’asar nan, wad’an da suke rubutawa don isar da sak’onninsu. Kowace wasik’a daga ciki tana d’auke da take, wanda ke nuna sak’on da ta k’unsa. Mafi yawan lokuta, shafin ya kan tattauna al’amurran da ake ciki a k’asar nan a cikin gugar zana da nishad’i da amfani da wasu kalmomi da jumloli na musamman.
Hausar shafin makaranta dodorido, Hausa ce ta rukunin al’umma wadda ta bambanta da Hausar da saba ji ko yi, yau da kullum. Hausa ce wadda d’aliban makarantar da malaminsu da masu sha’awar shafin wad’an dake karanta shi yau da kullum kawai ne ke gane ta. A nan muna iya kallon Hausar shafin makaranta dodorido, a matsayin karin harshe na rukunin al’umma d’aya wanda kuma ake iya gane siffofin shi, a misalan da za mu bayar na Hausar malamin da d’aliban makarantar da za mu fito da su a cikin aikin.
1.5 Hausar Shafin Makaranta Na Jaridar Aminiya
Hausar Shafin makaranta dodorido ta jaridar Aminiya, wata Hausa ce ta daban wadda kalmominta da jumlolinta suka bambanta da Hausar sauran rukunin al’umma. Hausar ta k’unshi fassara wasu kalmomi da jumloli da sunaye kai tsaye tare da k’irk’ira sababbin wasu kalmomi cikin hikima da fassara wani tunanin al’umma ta hanyar k’irk’ira ta annushuwa da gugar zana. Daga cikin irin nau’in wannan Hausa ta rukuni ne ake samun irin wad’annan k’irk’irarrun kalmomi da kuma jumloli kamar haka:
1.5.1 Matanin Wasu Labaran Shafin Makaranta
A wannan ‘bangare zan kawo wasu labarai da na tsakuro daga wasu shafukan ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ da ke cikin jaridar Aminiya domin ganin yadda sigar Hausar shafin take.
‘Yar makaranta ki rik’a d’umama d’umame da d’umi-d’umi
‘Bayan gaisuwa da fatar alheri ga babban direban alli na wannan makaranta da sauran d’alibai, zan taya abokiyar watsattsakewa da bud’a wagegen littafi a wannan makaranta, wacce ta angwance da yaron Giz-baba da fatan Allah ya ba su zaman lumana, kuma muna so ki nuna masa irin horon da kika samu a hannun malam wajen d’und’uma d’umame da d’umi-d’umi da kuma dafa taliyar indon-mami da ‘ya’yan kaji wad’an da ba a k’yank’yashe ba’. Aminiya 2012, Febrairu, shafi na 14.
Hausam-fa ko Gwarawan-fa?
‘A shekara ta dubu k’aramin lauje da kwanciyar magirbi kamfanin buga Amintattun jaridu k’asar Haurobiya ya yi k’aura daga unguwar Mawanawasa kan layin zaratan Zambiya zuwa garin Tako-tako, inda aka gina mana d’akin katako, mu kuwa muke laluben na koko a ciki. Tun daga waccan shekarar zuwa yau nike ta neman inda Hausam-fa take, domin na san a Harubja da akwai rukunin matsugunnin al’umma mai lak’abin ‘Gwarawan-fa’. Don haka nike ta neman ina Hausawam-fa take, ko kuma rukunin matsugunnin al’umma da aka gina a wannan katafaren birnin inda masu magana da yaren Hau-Hau wajen hawan sa ba tare da sa-in-sa suke bararraje’. Aminiya, 2012, Satumba, shafi 14.
Kada a rungumi k’adandoniya
‘Assalamu alaikum d’aliban wannan makaranta ta mu mai albarka ta Dodorido da ke farfajiyar jarida, sanin kowa ne a rayuwa kar’bar abu mai kyau ko maras kyau shi aka fi so ga mutum mai kallon alk’ibla, amma a wannan lokaci jama’a sun shiga rud’ani na rayuwa da kallon abin duniya da yin tunanin gizo da k’ok’i, yawancin mutane zuciyar su ta k’ok’e kamar k’ok’iya maza da mata suna tafiya ba kai ba gindi a harkar zamantakewa, kasuwanci da ma sauran al’amurran yau da kullum dab a a faye d’aukar k’addara ba. Kaico duniya rawar ‘yanmata na gaba ya koma baya. Hattara al’umma mu rik’a d’aukar kaddara idan mun k’i kuwa mu rungumi k’adandoniya’.
Daga: ‘Dalibar makarantar Tumbin giwa Jamila Ishak (Atinen Ziko) ta garinsu Munyi-jibir, kurtun mangana: zagaye da kwanciyar magirbi da zagaye da manuniyar sama da kwanciyar magirbi da manuniyar k’asa da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da kwanciyar magirbi da manuniyar k’asa da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya’. Aminiya, 2013, Afrilu, shafi 14.
https://www.amsoshi.com/2017/09/30/nazarin-takaitawa-sakon-gsm/
Wannan mak’ala mai taken ‘Karin Harshe na Rukuni: Nazarin Hausar Shafin Makaranta Na Jaridar Aminiya’ ta yi nazari a kan Hausar shafin Makaranta na jaridar Aminiya a matsayin wani nau’in karin harshe na rukuni a Hausa, wanda ya danganci wasu rukunin al’umma da suka had’u a sigar makaranta, wadda ke da malami da d’alibai. Shafin kamar yadda muka bayyana a baya ya kan fito ne, ku san kowane mako a jaridar Hausa ta Aminiya kuma ya kan tattauna al’amurran yau da kullum da suke faruwa a cikin al’umma a k’asar nan cikin nau’in wata Hausa ta daban.
Wannan Hausar kamar yadda misalan da muka bayar suka gabata, Hausa ce ta daban wadda ta ke’banta ga malami da d’aliban makarantar kawai kuma tana tafiya ne ta sigar Hausantar da kalmomi da fassara wasu tare da amfani da ayyukan wasu mutane ko takensu maimaikon sunayensu. Bugu da k’ari ana kuma k’irk’iro wasu jumloli da sassan jumlolin Hausa. Shafin musamman yana da tsarin da yake bi wajen bayyana lambobi, wanda sai k’wararre a irin wannan Hausar ne zai iya fahmitarsu. A tunani na, wannan Hausa idan aka k’ara zurfafa bincike a kanta da wasu makamantanta za ta taimaka wajen samar da nau’in wani harshe na daban wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen sadarwa a ke’ba’b’bun wurare, musamman wajen inganta sadarwa ta wasu ma’aikata na musamman ko kuma wurin ayyukan jami’an tsaro a k’asar nan. Haka ma Hausar tana iya haifar da wani karin harshe babba, wanda za a iya fad’ad’a bincike a kansa.
Akwai buk’atar a yi amfani da basira da k’warewar mutane masu irin wannan baiwar k’irk’ira a harshe domin ha’baka harshen da duban yadda za su bayar da gudummuwa ga ci gaban al’umma da k’asa baki d’aya. Wannan bincike ya nuna muna cewa harshen Hausa yana iya bunk’asa ta irin wannan hanya har a kai ya haifar da wani harshe a cikin al’umma, idan aka baiwa irin wad’annan mutane masu baiwa ta harshe goyon baya da taimakon da ya dace.
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Ahmed, U. And Daura B. (1970). An Introduction to CLASSICAL HAUSA and Major Dialects. Zaria: NNPC.
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Amfani, A.H. (1993). Aspects of Hausa Dialectology. In Research in African Languages And Linguistics. Vol. 3. Pp 1-12
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Bello, N. (2012). ‘Hausar Shafin Makaranta Ta Jaridar Aminiya’. Kundin Digirin Farko. Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sokoto.
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DAGA
Nazir Ibrahim Abbas
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sokoto
Imel: ibrahimabbasnazir@gmail.com
Gsm: +2348060431934
Tsakure
Baya ga karin harshen Hausa da ake samu a yankuna daban-dabam na k’asar Hausa, haka ma ana samun karin harshe na rukunin al'umma daban-daban. Karin harshen rukuni kan samu ne, ko dai dalilin matsayi ko muk’ami ko aiki ko jinsi ko addini ko ilimi ko kuma shekaru. Wannan bincike ya yi nazarin wani nau'in Hausa na rukuni wadda ake samu a shafin jaridar Aminiya, mai suna 'Shafin Makaranta Hausa’. Binciken ya yi k’ok’arin fito da nau'in Hausar da shafin ke amfani da ita tare da k’ok’arin kawo bambancinta da Hausar da aka saba da ita yau da kullum, wannan shi ya k’ara tabbatar da Hausar shafin makaranta Hausa a matsayin wani nau'in karin harshe na rukuni.
https://www.amsoshi.com/2017/09/30/zumuntar-bahaushe-a-zamanin-gsm/
0 Gabatarwa
Karin harshe wani ‘bangare ne na ilimin walwalar harshe a cikin kimiyyar harshe. Karin harshe ya danganci bambancin da ake samu na magana a cikin harshe d’aya, wanda bai kai ga ya haifar da rashin fahimta kwata-kwata ba tsakanin masu magana da harshen, sai dai ga wad’anda na ‘yan rukunin da ake amfani da shi ba. Ana iya nazarin karin harshe ko ta ‘bangaren yanki ko kuma rukuni. Karin harshe na yanki ya danganci bambancin da ake samu a cikin harshe dalilin yanki ko wurin da al'umma suke zaune. Yanki yana iya haifar da nau'in bambancin magana a cikin al'umma masu harshe d’aya, wanda shi ne ake kira karin harshe na yanki ko nahiya.
Wani nau’in karin harshe, shi ne karin harshe na rukuni. Karin harshen rukuni shi ne wanda ake samu dalilin alak’a ta rukuni a cikin al’umma. Alak’ar karin harshe na rukuni na iya kasancewa ko dai don shekaru ko matsayi ko ilimi ko addini ko jinsi ko aiki ko kuma muk’ami. Wannan rukunin shi ma ya kan haifar da nau’in magana daban, daidai rukunan da muka ambata a sama.
A wannan takardar an yi bincike mai taken: ‘Karin Harshe Na Rukuni: Nazarin Hausar Shafin Makaranta na Jaridar Aminiya’, za a duba wani nau’in Hausa na rukuni wadda ake yi a wani shafin jaridar Aminiya mai suna ‘Makaranta Hausa’. Hausar shafin makaranta ta danganci wani rukunin al’umma ke’bantattu da ke matsayin d’aliban makaranta da malaminsu mai suna ‘Dodo’. Ita wannan Hausa, d’aliban da masu karanta shafin a kai a kai ne kad’ai ke iya fahimtar abin da take nufi kai tsaye. Kalmomin da ake amfani da su a shafin na Hausa ne amma rukunin d’aliban makarantar da malaminsu ne suke tsara su, suna kuma amfani da su, kuma su ne suka fi sanin hanyar da suke bi wajen k’irk’iro kalmomin da kuma jumlolin daga cikin Hausar da aka saba da ita.
Sha’awar Hausar shafin ta la’akari da hikimomin da ke ciki, shi ya sa na yi nazari a kan Hausar a matsayin wani nau’in karin harshe na rukuni.
Bayanan da za mu yi amfani da su mun tattara su ne daga cikin jaridu goma sha uku (na makawanni 13) da ke k’unshe da shafin na ‘Makaranta Hausa’. Shafin yana fitowa a shafi na goma sha hud’u (14) na jaridar ta Aminiya wadda ake bugawa a kowane sati. Mun yi nazarin Hausar kowane shafi daga cikin wad’annan jaridun a lokacin da nake gudanar da wannan binciken.
- Karin Harshe Da Nau’o’insa
Masana da dama sun bayar da ma’anar karin harshe da kuma nau’o’insa. Wasu daga cikin wad’annan masanan su ne:
Skinner (1977:6) Ya kalli harshe a matsayin – ‘Wani nau’in magana a cikin harshe d’aya, wanda ba shi ne ainihin harshen ba’.
Crystal (2008:142) Ya bayyana - ‘Karin harshe ko dai na yanki ko rukuni, a matsayin wani nau’in magana na harshe wanda ake iya ganewa ta wasu kalmomi da tsarin harshe (nahawu). Y ace karin harshe mafi yawa yana da tsarin furuci ko nau’in magana da ya bambanta’.
Mathews (1977:56) kuwa ya bayyana: ‘Karin da duk wani nau’in magana na harshe musamman kuma wanda ake magana da shi a wani sashe na k’asa’.
Sani (2009: 02) ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe a matsayin; ‘Nau’i ne daga cikin nau’o’in harshe guda wanda ake amfani da shi musamman a wani sashe na al’umma’.
Adeyanju (1989: 39) kuwa ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe- ‘A matsayin yadda mutum ya saba yin magana a cikin gungun al’umma da yawa masu harshe d’aya’.
Karin harshe ke nan yana nufin bambancin magana da ake samu tsakanin mutane masu harshe d’aya wanda bai isa ya haifar da rashin fahimta tsakaninsu ba. Duk harshen da ya bunk’asa yana iya samun karin harshe a cikinsa.
Amfani (1993:02) ya bayyana: ‘Nazarin karin harshe (dialectology) a matsayin nazarin yanayin magana na harshen mutane d’aya, wad’an da ke fahimtar juna, kuma suna da alak’ar huld’a ta magana’.
1.2.2 Nau’o’in Karin Harshen Hausa
Karin harshe a Hausa yana da nau’o’i guda biyu; wad’annan kuwa kamar yadda malamai suka bayyana su ne; karin harshe na yanki da kuma karin harshe na rukuni. Karin harshe na yanki, shi ne wanda ake samu dalilin wurin zama ko yankin da al’umma suka fito. A irin wannan hali yanki ko wurin zama yana iya haifar da nau’in magana na daban ga al’umma.
A Hausa kuwa akwai kare-karen harshe na yanki, kamar yadda Bergery (1934), Ahmed Da Daura (1970), Liman (1978), Malka (1978), Amfani (1980, 1993), Zaria (1992), Sani (2003), suka bayyana wad’an da suka had’a da: Kananci, Sakkwatanci, Dauranci, Zazzaganci, Bausanci, Zamfaranci, Adaranci, Damagaranci, Gobiranci, Kurfayanci, Canganci. Wad’annan kare-karen harshe kuwa ana samunsu ne a yankin Arewacin Nijeriya da Arewacin Jamhuriyar Nijar.
Wasu daga cikin malaman sun rarraba su a matsayin na sashen gabas da yamma ko manya da k’anana. Yayin da wasu suka kalle su a bisa tsarin tarihin Bayajida.
Ana iya ganin bambancin karin harshe na yanki a dukkan ‘bangarorin nazarin kimiyyar harshe tun daga ilimin furuci har i zuwa ga ilimin ma’ana.
A ‘bangaren karin harshe rukuni kuwa, Mathews (1977:344) ya bayyana cewa: ‘Nau’in magana ne, wanda ya danganci wani nau’in al’umma ko rukunin wata tawaga d’aya a cikin al’umma’.
Fagge (2001) Ya yi nazarin karin harshen Hausa na rukuni, inda ya kawo Hausar da ta shafi rukunin al’umma daban-daban wadda ta had’a da Hausar: ‘Yan siyasa da Hausar gardawa da Hausar ‘Yan k’adiriyya da Hausar ‘Yan motocin haya da Hausar ‘Yan aca’ba. Bugu da k’ari ya kawo Hausar ‘Yan Sanda da Hausar Makanikai da Hausar K’ungiyoyin addinai (‘Darik’a, Izala, Shi’a) da Hausar ‘Yan mata dai sauransu.
Yakasai (2012), Shi ma ya kawo irin wannan Hausa ta rukuni wadda ta k’unshi Hausar Kasuwanci da Hausar Sarakuna da Hausar Mawak’a da Hausar Malamai da Hausar Dattijai da Hausar Samari da ‘Yan Mata da Hausar Matan Aure da Hausar Gidana Magajiya da kuma Hausar Wurin Zaman Makoki.
- Karin Harshen Hausa na Rukuni
Karin harshe na rukuni, karin harshe ne wanda ya danganci bambancin magana da ake samu dalilin matsayi ko aji ko rukuni ko shekaru ko muk’ami ko jinsi ko addini ko ilimi ko kuma tarayyar aiki iri d’aya (a irin wannan yanayi ne ake samun kalmomin fannu, da suka ke’banta ga wani aiki ko ma’aikata).
Wannan nau’in karin harshe ya sha bamban da karin harshe na yanki domin ana iya samunsa a cikin al’umma ko tsakanin mutanen da suke da tarayya d’aya daga cikin abubuwan da muka ambata a baya na shekaru ko matsayi ko aji ko ilimi ko jinsi ko aiki ko muk’ami.
Bambancin da ake samu a irin wannan karin harshe na rukuni bai yi yawan na karin harshe na yanki ba, domin shi wannan ya fi shafar kalmomi ne da ‘yan guntayen jumloli wad’an da rukunin al’ummar da ke amfani da su, sun fi sauk’in fahimtar sak’on da suka k’unsa.
- Shafin Makaranta ‘Dodorido na Jaridar Aminiya’.
Aminiya wata shahararriyar jaridar Hausa ce, wadda kamfanin ‘Media Trust’ da ke da babban ofishinsa a Abuja, ya ke bugawa a kowane mako, jaridar tana fitowa a ranar juma’a ta kowane sati. An fara buga wannan jarida ne, a shekara ta 2006 kuma tana da shafuka arba’in (40) a cikinta.
Kamar mafi yawan jaridu, wannan jaridar ta Aminiya tana da shafukan da suka k’unshi labarai na gida da na waje da shafukan ilimantarwa da na tallace-tallace da na labaran al’ajabi da rahotanni da kuma shafukan nishad’antarwa.
Shafin da za mu yi nazari a kansa, shi ne shafin ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ na jaridar Aminiya, wanda shafi ne na, fad’akarwa da ilamantarwa da ke zuwa cikin siga ta nishad’i. Abin da ya ja hankalina akansa shi ne, Hausar da ake amfani da ita a shafin da yadda ake sarrafata da jujjuyata da k’irk’iowa da kalmomi abun ban sha’awa, har ya kai ga wanda ba d’alibin makarantar ba sai ya kasa fahimtar inda aka dosa.
Wannan shafi na ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ a kowane mako yana fitowa a shafi na goma sha hud’u (14) na jaridar Hausa ta Aminiya kuma yana da siga ta nishad’antarwa da take gudana ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sigar tana nuna cewa ana isar da wasu sak’onni ne, na ‘yan makaranta.
Tsarin shafin ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ yana tafiya ne bisa tsarin makaranta wadda ke da d’alibai da malami d’aya da suke kira ‘Dodo’ , wannan ne, ya sa ma akwai surar wani hoto da ba a gane kowane ne ba a saman shafin, a gefen hagu, wanda ga dukkan alamu shi ne hoton ‘Dodon’ da adireshinsa na email a k’asa mai taken ‘turakundodo@yahoo.com’.
Shafin bugu da k’ari yana tafiya ne da tsarin ko dai dodon ya bayar da labari ko kuma sak’on wasik’u daga d’aliban makarantar daban-daban da ke jihohin k’asar nan, wad’an da suke rubutawa don isar da sak’onninsu. Kowace wasik’a daga ciki tana d’auke da take, wanda ke nuna sak’on da ta k’unsa. Mafi yawan lokuta, shafin ya kan tattauna al’amurran da ake ciki a k’asar nan a cikin gugar zana da nishad’i da amfani da wasu kalmomi da jumloli na musamman.
Hausar shafin makaranta dodorido, Hausa ce ta rukunin al’umma wadda ta bambanta da Hausar da saba ji ko yi, yau da kullum. Hausa ce wadda d’aliban makarantar da malaminsu da masu sha’awar shafin wad’an dake karanta shi yau da kullum kawai ne ke gane ta. A nan muna iya kallon Hausar shafin makaranta dodorido, a matsayin karin harshe na rukunin al’umma d’aya wanda kuma ake iya gane siffofin shi, a misalan da za mu bayar na Hausar malamin da d’aliban makarantar da za mu fito da su a cikin aikin.
1.5 Hausar Shafin Makaranta Na Jaridar Aminiya
Hausar Shafin makaranta dodorido ta jaridar Aminiya, wata Hausa ce ta daban wadda kalmominta da jumlolinta suka bambanta da Hausar sauran rukunin al’umma. Hausar ta k’unshi fassara wasu kalmomi da jumloli da sunaye kai tsaye tare da k’irk’ira sababbin wasu kalmomi cikin hikima da fassara wani tunanin al’umma ta hanyar k’irk’ira ta annushuwa da gugar zana. Daga cikin irin nau’in wannan Hausa ta rukuni ne ake samun irin wad’annan k’irk’irarrun kalmomi da kuma jumloli kamar haka:
| Lamba | Hausar Shafin Makaranta | Ma’anarta |
| 1. | Direban Alli | Malami |
| 2. | Zaman Lumana | Zaman lafiya |
| 3. | ‘Yan makaranta | ‘Daliban makaranta dodorido |
| 4. | Watsattsakewa da bud’a wagegen littafi | Karatu da rubutu |
| 5. | Taliyar indon-mami | Indomi |
| 6. | Giz-baba | Malamin makarantar |
| 7. | ‘Yayan kaji wad’an da ba a k’yank’yashe ba | K’wayak’wai |
| 8. | K’aramin lauje | Biyu |
| 9. | Masu hannun riga | Mahaukata |
| 10. | Yaron Daku | Jami’in tsaro |
| 11. | Haramta k’wambo da bobon bokoko | Boko haram |
| 12. | ‘Dan bayan kango | Wanda ba d’an makaranta ba |
| 13. | Shud’ad’d’iyar shekara | Shekarar bara |
| 14. | Haurobiyawa | ‘Yan Nijeriya |
| 15. | Ankararwa | Fad’akarwa |
| 16. | Mai-duka | Allah |
| 17. | Jihar Jijjiga ciyawa | Jihar Jigawa |
| 18. | Shugaba Mainasara | Shugaba Goodluck |
| 19. | ‘Dan tallafin sud’in gambiza | Kud’ad’en rarar man fetur |
| 20. | ‘Yan hannu baka hannu k’warya | Talakawa |
| 21. | ‘Yan-sa-in-d’auka-ba-tare-da-na-ajiye-ba | Barayin gwamnati |
| 22. | ‘Yan sa-mu-raba-da-shi | ‘Yan kazagin gwamnati |
| 23. | Tamola da k’afafun Haurobiyawa | Wasa da hankalin ‘Yan Nijeriya |
| 24. | Wasoson lalita | Satar kud’in asusun gwamnati |
| 25. | An yi walk’iya mun je gano | Mun gane gaskiya |
| 26. | ‘Yan Allah-ba-ku-mu-samu | ‘Yan barandar siyasa |
| 27. | Jatau mai-sa-in-sa | Jonathan |
| 28. | Jan jinin Haurobiyawa | Satar dukiyar ‘yan Nijeriya |
| 29. | Batu | Magana |
| 30. | Jatau | Jonathan |
| 31. | Jihar Barnawa | Borno |
| 32. | Kwamin-titi | Kwamiti |
| 33. | Kiran sallah da usur | Abin mamaki |
| 34. | Direban mashahuriya makaranta | Malami |
| 35. | Bijiro | Kawo |
| 36. | Haurobiya | Nijeriya |
| 37. | Niyar-jari | Nijar |
| 38. | Yaren hau-hau wajen hawan sa | Harshen Hausa |
| 39. | Bokan turai na makaranta | Malamin makaranta |
| 40. | Yaren makaranta | Hausar shafin dodorido |
| 41. | Damk’a shi | Kai shi |
| 42. | Kurtun magana | Wayar Gsm |
| 43. | Makaranta ta dodanni | Makarantar dodorido |
| 44. | Saka-ka-tare | Sakatare |
| 45. | Bututun batutuwa | Mai magana da yawun wasu |
| 46. | Malam Dodo/Farfesa Dodo | Malamin makaranta |
| 47. | Wurin k’wadago | Ma’aikata/Wurin aiki |
| 48. | Harubja | Abuja |
| 49. | Manja | Manaja |
| 50. | Masu hawa sa | Hausawa |
| 51. | Gwamnan Dabawa | Gwamnan Kano |
| 52. | Uwar kowa | Gwamnati |
| 53. | ‘Yan ca’bawa | ‘Yan aca’ba |
| 54. | Romon makaranta | Ilimi |
| 55. | Kwankwatsa-tsiya a birnin dabo | Kwankwasiyya a Kano |
| 56. | ‘Yan k’olaye | ‘Daliban makaranta |
| 57. | Walwalin waliyo a kan Babura | Gudu a kan babura |
| 58. | Bagas | Gara’basar dumokurad’iyya |
| 59. | Hana zaburar baburido | Hana aca’ba |
| 60. | Na damo | Hak’uri |
| 61. | Na mujiya | Idanu |
| 62. | Saraf-na-sad’af | Sanusi Lamid’o |
| 63. | Walata Rud’ani | Walter Rodney |
| 64. | Kwasar gagarumar jar miya | Sata |
| 65. | Fasko | Gano |
| 66. | Jatau ya jona tantanin mulkinsa | Jonathan ya fara mulki |
| 67. | Dama-dama da kurd’a-kurd’ar siyasa | Hada-hadar siyasa |
| 68. | Shekara dubu k’aramin lauje da sili da k’aramin lauje | Shekara ta 2012 |
| 69. | Zagaye da madambaci da zagaye da manuniyar k’asa, madambaci da madambaci da manuniyar k’asa da manuniyar sama k’aramin lauje da zagaye da manuniyar k’asa | 08098896209 |
| 70. | Kwashi-kwaraf | Satar kud’in gwamnati |
| 71. | Kawun Bararrajewa | Kawu Baraje |
| 72. | Baban-gada-gada mai burga da baragada | Gwamna Babangida |
| 73. | Gwamna mai sunan sulalla | Gwamna Sule Lamid’o |
| 74. | Gwamna mai kwankwatsa-tsiya a birnin dabo | Gwamna Kwankwaso |
| 75. | Kassara al’umma | Wahalar da al’umma |
| 76. | Ba-haurobiye | ‘Dan Nijeriya |
| 77. | Jihar Ni-na-ja | Jihar Niger |
| 78. | Ku-zauna-a-zaure | Kazaure |
| 79. | Garin-ja-had’e | Garin Had’eja |
| 80. | Jam’iyya mai d’an boto da sanda jirge | Jam’iyyar PDP |
| 81. | Shekaru sili da k’ofar hanci | Shekaru 13 |
| 82. | Arewatawa | ‘Yan Arewa |
| 83. | Kadadawa | ‘Yan kudu |
| 84. | Makarantar masu dangwala tawada a kurtu da zayyana a kan allo | Makarantar almajirai |
| 85. | Masu laluben d’andago da d’an k’anzo | Almajirai |
| 86. | Hauren haskaka Haurobiya | Kud’in wutar lantarki |
| 87. | Hauren-Danja | Niger Delta |
| 88. | Jan linzamin tsuntsayen sama | Tuk’in jigin sama |
| 89. | ‘Yan dugwi-dugwi | Yara |
| 90. | Huta-fara | Karatun Firamare |
| 91. | Babban kusu | Barawo |
| 92. | Zagaye da kwanciyar magirbi da zagaye da manuniyar sama da kwanciyar magirbi da manuniyar k’asa tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da kwanciyar magirbi da manuniyar k’asa da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya | 07067947944 |
| 93. | Loma-a-murd’e | Lamurde |
| 94. | In-gwangwaje-in-wala | Ngozi Iweala |
| 95. | Man tunkuza | Man fetur |
| 96. | Ru’ba’b’ben-abban-titi | Reuben Abati |
| 97. | Zage na ‘yan dambe | Zage damtse |
| 98. | Kwana manuniyar k’asa | Kwana tara (9) |
| 99. | Jihar mu-muka-fara-sharia | Jihar Zamfara |
| 100. | Kurtun baburido | Bayan babaur |
| 101. | Kekerido | Keke |
| 102. | Ranar da aka haifi ‘Danladi da ‘Yar ladidiya | Ranar Lahadi |
| 103. | Mutum mai kallon alk’ibla | Musulmi |
| 104. | Amintattar jarida | Jaridar Aminiya |
| 105. | Tunanin gizo da k’ok’i | K’arya |
| 106. | Wadatacciyar sallama | Sallama |
| 107. | Masu bautar mahalicci sili | Masu bautar Sarki d’aya |
| 108. | Gardawan makaranta | ‘Daliban makaranta |
| 109. | Dodo uban dodanni | Malam Dodo |
| 110. | Romon makaranta/gishirin kyautata rayuwa | Ilimi |
| 111. | Dubannin gaisuwa | Dubun gaisuwa |
| 112. | Malam mai almajirai | Malam Dodo |
| 113. | Bayan kada | Kaduna |
| 114. | Jaridar ‘Yar yau | Daily Trust |
| 115. | Jaridar Turanci ta Gadin yana | Jaridar Guardian |
| 117. | Fura mai kyau | Firamare |
| 118. | Malam Nasara El-rusau | Malam Nasiru El-Rufa’i |
| 119. | Gudun loko | Boyo |
| 120. | Batu na dokin k’arfe | Batun gaskiya |
| 121. | Jihar Bayasa | Jihar Bayelsa |
| 122. | Janatantin | Jonathan |
| 123. | Gazdawa | K’auyawa |
| 124. | Man tunkuza | ‘Danyen mai |
| 125. | Damin hauro | Kud’i |
| 126. | Barade | Sojoji |
| 127. | K’arfe k’ofar hanci da k’ofar hanci da zagaye na yammaci | K’arfe 3:30 na yamma |
| 128. | Baud’ad’d’en joji, Sissiliya, Gaulan Jatau | Bode George, Cesiliya, Gulak |
| 129. | Waf-sayoyi | Websides |
| 130. | Mafuskantar alk’iblar kad’aita mahalicci da ibada | Masallaci |
| 131. | Makarantar dodo uban dodanni | Makaranta dodorido |
| 132. | Ranar da aka haifi ‘Danliti | Ranar litinin |
| 133. | Uwar jiki | Lafiya |
| 134. | Bututun batutuwan jatau mai-sa-in-sa | Mai magana da yawun shugaban k’asa Jonathan |
| 135. | Shugaban masu d’amara da launin fad’uwar rana a saman riga | Shugaban jami’an Civil Defence |
| 136. | Shak’ulatin ‘bangwaro | Rik’on sakainar kashi |
| 137. | Gidan Bokan Turai | Makaranta |
| 138. | Masu addinin ‘Dan Amina | Musulmi |
| 139. | Jihar Tumbin Giwa | Kano |
| 140. | Sarki Sili | Sarki d’aya |
| 141. | Direban buzu da jan hanjin ligidi ana bugi dutsi kwas | Malamin tsibbu mai jan tasbaha |
| 142. | Babban rumbun adana damin hauro na k’asar Haurobiya | Babban bankin Nijeriya |
| 143. | Garin Mugurgusa | Garin Gusau |
| 144. | Masu fuskantar alk’ibla | Musulmi |
| 145. | Jar boto | Jar hula |
| 146. | Tudun ba ceto | Halaka |
| 147. | Kurtun magana na Halo-Alo | Telfon |
| 148. | Jami’ar Dodorido | Makaranta dodo |
| 149. | Na kuturu | Hak’uri |
| 150. | Abun da ya fi hauka rashin magani | Jahilci |
| 151. | Ci-ba-dad’i | Wahalar da jama’a |
| 152. | Fasa balam-balam | Fasa bam |
| 153. | Dakarun burga | Dakarun JTF |
| 154. | Santala K’waiduwa | Stella Odua |
| 155. | Dokar duniya | Dokar hana fita (Curfew) |
| 156. | ‘Yan hana murk’ushe gumin ‘Dan Adam | Masu kare hak’k’in al’umma |
| 157. | Shekara dubu k’aramin lauje da sili da k’aramin lauje da sili da k’ofar hanci | Shekara ta 2013 |
| 158. | Bututun ‘yan kwakwazo da baza na mujiya | Kafafen watsa labarai na Rediyo da Talabijin |
| 159. | Bala-lura | Bala’i |
| 160. | ‘Yan hana bokoko | ‘Yan book haram |
| 161. | Gwamnan asusun k’arfanfana | Gwamnan babban bankin Nijeriya |
| 162. | Mina-mina a jihar Ni-na-ja | Hada-hada a jhar Niger |
| 163. | Tsomomuwa | Matsala |
| 164. | Jihar Alan-goguro | Jihar Borno |
| 165. | ‘Dabi’ar kifi da kada | Wanka |
| 166. | Kwana kwanciyar magirbi | Kwanaki bakwai (7) |
| 167. | Takalmin malam mantau | Mantuwa |
| 168. | Gagarumar gara’basar dama-dama da kurd’a-kurd’ar wasan Samson-siya-siya | Gajiyar Siyasa |
| 169. | Garin gano | Ganewa |
| 170. | Gusha-da-tsaf | Bula Tsaf |
| 171. | Injinmiya | Injiniya |
| 172. | Yaren kuci-kuci-hutawa | Indiyanci |
| 173. | Turkewa a sunnar Manzo | Aure |
| 174. | Birnin Zage-zage | Zaria |
| 175. | ‘Dan ku-ci-ku-ba-mu | Mai rok’o |
| 176. | Masu rod’i-rod’in tufa | Sojoji |
| 177. | Hannun zinari da k’afar gwalagwalai | Masu kud’i |
| 178. | Mulkin mulaka’u | Mulkin wahalar da al’umma |
| 179. | Shekara dubu k’aramin lauje da kwanciyar magirbi | Shekara ta 2007 |
| 180. | Sa’bi zarce na kusu | Sata |
| 181. | Wasan Samson-siya-siya | Siyasa |
| 182. | Unguwar zomo | Uzoamaka |
| 183. | Masu d’amara da d’an taku da kulki | ‘Yansanda |
| 184. | K’aura | Canza wuri |
| 185. | Laluban na koko | Neman abinci |
| 186. | Hausam-fa | Shiyar Hausawa |
| 187. | Gwarawan-fa | Gwarimpa |
| 188. | ‘Dund’ume k’ururu | Cin abinci |
| 189. | Likimo | Kwana |
| 190. | Karatun wasik’ar jakin dawa na da birni | K’aryar shugabanni ga talakawa |
| 191. | Masu aika-aika | ‘Yan ta’adda |
| 192. | Kuturun hasashe | Tunanin banza |
| 193. | Ranar da aka haifi ‘Danladi da Ladi k’aramin lauje da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya | Ranar Lahadi 24 ga wata |
| 194. | Rana ta k’aramin lauje da k’aramin lauje ga watan janye-wuri na shekara ta dubu k’aramin lauje da sili da k’ofar hanci | 22-01-2013 |
| 195. | Zagaye da madambaci da sili da manuniyar sama da sili da manuniyar k’asa da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da manuniyar sama da babban lauje da sili da babban lauje | 08161946515 |
| 196. | Kamfanin cefanar da labarai | Kamfanin dillancin labarai |
| 197. | Makon da ya arce | Makon da ya gabata |
| 198. | ‘Doki-d’ora | Tsarin za’ben Nijeriya |
| 199. | Mai martaba babban mutum mai rawani | Sarki |
| 200. | Dirshe | Tsaya |
| 201. | Garin dama-tumatur a jihar Yawon-bebe | Damaturu a jihar Yobe |
| 202. | Kar’bar na koko | Kar’bar cin hanci |
| 203. | Mutum k’aramin lauje | Talaka |
| 204. | K’arfe k’ofar hanci da rabi | K’arfe 3:30 |
| 205. | Sana’ar zabarin baburido | Aca’ba |
| 206. | Kumbon-tsotso | Kumbotso |
| 207. | Taron-rauni | Tarauni |
| 208. | K’urk’urido | A daidaita sahu |
| 209. | Damo-da-kura-da-d’iya | Dumokurad’iyya |
| 210. | Malala gashin tunkiya da ‘yan matsabbai | Da yawa |
| 211. | Gandun aika-aika | Ganduje |
| 212. | Hauro dubu d’ari babban lauje | Naira dubu d’ari biyar |
| 213. | Damin hauro sili da zagaye da zagaye da zagaye | Naira dubu goma |
| 214. | Babban lauje da zagaye da k’aramin lauje da zagaye da sili zagaye da babban lauje | 5020105 |
| 215. | K’asashen da ja’ba da gafiya da kusu ke wandak’a | K’as ashen da ake satar dukiyar al’umma |
| 216. | Takardun k’wadago | Takardun d’aukar aiki |
| 217. | K’wadagon hana bak’in haure shige da fice | Immigration |
| 218. | Tagadaz | Agadaz |
| 219. | Jihar ‘Dakin kara | Jihar Katsina |
| 220. | Masu hawa sa | Hausawa |
| 221. | Yaren Makaranta | Hausa |
| 222. | Masu zama bisa buzu | Malaman tsibbu |
| 223. | Gidan malam Tunau | Makaranta |
| 224. | Gwamnan Dabawa | Gwamnan Kano |
| 225. | Garin da ake sa dara | Kano |
| 226. | Angwance | Aure |
| 227. | Gidan gaskiya | Hanya |
| 228. | Wa-zai-zo-ya-biya | Wazobiya |
| 229. | Sumul | K’alau |
| 230. | K’aramin lauje da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya | 24 |
| 231. | ‘Yan mai tako’ina | Masu hali |
| 232. | Adon gari | Mata |
| 233. | Ta ido | Kunya |
| 234. | Halin amale | Handama |
| 235. | Gobara | Lantarki |
| 236. | In da masu yaen hau-hau wurin hawan sa suke zaune | Mazaunin Hausawa |
| 237. | Wuri sili | Wuri d’aya |
| 238. | Elin-zubar | Elizabeth |
| 239. | Farcen susa | Babu dama |
| 240. | Masu k’ask’antar da kai wajen gagara misali | Masu ibada |
| 241. | Ta jiki | Shawara |
| 242. | Sintirtir | Sintiri |
| 243. | Rana ta k’aramin lauje da manuniyar k’asa ga watan mayun shekara ta dubu k’aramin lauje da sili da k’aramin lauje da sili da k’aramin lauje | 29 ga watan Mayun 2012 |
| 244. | Hauro tiren taliya madambaci da gashin balama sili da zagaye da zagaye | Kud’i tiriliyon takwas da biliyan d’ari |
| 245. | Tunar kilshi | Harakokin duniya |
| 246. | Gaisuwa irin ta masu addinin ‘Dan Amina | Sallama |
| 247. | Baba manga | Bamanga |
| 248. | Tada kan adda | Ta’addanci |
| 249. | Jami’an asusun ilimi | Shugabannin K’ungiyar ASUU |
| 250. | Kamfanin dumdumdurundum | Kamfanin bayar da wutar lantarki |
| 251. | Batu na ingarmar k’arfe | Gaskiya |
| 252. | Ranar ‘yancin rani | Ranar tunawa da samun ‘yanci |
| 253. | Baba Ojo | Obasanjo |
| 254. | Shugaba ‘Yar bishiya | Shugaba ‘Yar adua |
| 255. | Zaman-takewa | Cutarwa |
| 256. | Watan Noman-baba | Watan Nuwamba |
| 257. | Doguwar dabba | Rak’umi |
| 258. | Watan-dashen-baba | Watan Disemba |
| 259. | Turken rayuwa | Aure |
| 260. | Cefanar | Sayar |
| 261. | Masanin sisi-da-sisi | Gwamnan babban bankin Nijeriya |
| 262. | Zari-ruga | Satar kud’in gwamnati a ‘boye |
| 263. | Ma’aikatar kula da sufurin tsuntsayen sama | Ma’aikat kula da jiragen sama |
| 264. | Mai gonaki otawa | Obasanjo |
| 265. | Mace da zane | Ministar kud’i Ngozi Iweala |
| 266. | Lalita | Asusun ajiya (Accaunt) |
| 267. | Tayar-ladan, Malalen-suya, Indon-isiya | Thailand, Maleysia, Indonisia |
| 268. | Niyar-jari, Zaman-gidan-buwai | Niger, Zimbabwe |
| 269. | Damisoshin Asiya | K’asashen Asia |
| 270. | Za’bi-sonka | Za’be |
| 271. | Dama-dama-da-kurd’a-kurd’ar wasan Samson-siya-siya | Siyasa |
| 272. | Samartakar kusu | Satar dukiyar gwamnati |
| 273. | Uban-mama | Obama |
| 274. | Amari-kowa | Amurika |
| 275. | Dalilin-taronsu | Jaridar Daily Trust |
| 276. | Faffale-dalili | Jaridar Peoples Daily |
| 277. | Balon-faranti | Jaridar Blue Print |
| 278. | Gadin-yana | Jaridar Guardian |
| 279. | Banda-da-gadi | Jaridar Vanguard |
| 280. | Shugaba mai Gudun-loko | Shugaba Goodluck |
| 281. | Uwargida Damo-hak’uri | Uwargida Patient |
| 282. | Jami’an tsoratarwa | Jami’an tsaro na had’in gwiwa |
| 289. | Ra’ba’bas | Rivers |
| 300. | Mai d’an taku da kulki | ‘Dan sanda |
| 301. | Tonon-Anini | Tony Anini |
1.5.1 Matanin Wasu Labaran Shafin Makaranta
A wannan ‘bangare zan kawo wasu labarai da na tsakuro daga wasu shafukan ‘Makaranta Dodorido’ da ke cikin jaridar Aminiya domin ganin yadda sigar Hausar shafin take.
‘Yar makaranta ki rik’a d’umama d’umame da d’umi-d’umi
‘Bayan gaisuwa da fatar alheri ga babban direban alli na wannan makaranta da sauran d’alibai, zan taya abokiyar watsattsakewa da bud’a wagegen littafi a wannan makaranta, wacce ta angwance da yaron Giz-baba da fatan Allah ya ba su zaman lumana, kuma muna so ki nuna masa irin horon da kika samu a hannun malam wajen d’und’uma d’umame da d’umi-d’umi da kuma dafa taliyar indon-mami da ‘ya’yan kaji wad’an da ba a k’yank’yashe ba’. Aminiya 2012, Febrairu, shafi na 14.
Hausam-fa ko Gwarawan-fa?
‘A shekara ta dubu k’aramin lauje da kwanciyar magirbi kamfanin buga Amintattun jaridu k’asar Haurobiya ya yi k’aura daga unguwar Mawanawasa kan layin zaratan Zambiya zuwa garin Tako-tako, inda aka gina mana d’akin katako, mu kuwa muke laluben na koko a ciki. Tun daga waccan shekarar zuwa yau nike ta neman inda Hausam-fa take, domin na san a Harubja da akwai rukunin matsugunnin al’umma mai lak’abin ‘Gwarawan-fa’. Don haka nike ta neman ina Hausawam-fa take, ko kuma rukunin matsugunnin al’umma da aka gina a wannan katafaren birnin inda masu magana da yaren Hau-Hau wajen hawan sa ba tare da sa-in-sa suke bararraje’. Aminiya, 2012, Satumba, shafi 14.
Kada a rungumi k’adandoniya
‘Assalamu alaikum d’aliban wannan makaranta ta mu mai albarka ta Dodorido da ke farfajiyar jarida, sanin kowa ne a rayuwa kar’bar abu mai kyau ko maras kyau shi aka fi so ga mutum mai kallon alk’ibla, amma a wannan lokaci jama’a sun shiga rud’ani na rayuwa da kallon abin duniya da yin tunanin gizo da k’ok’i, yawancin mutane zuciyar su ta k’ok’e kamar k’ok’iya maza da mata suna tafiya ba kai ba gindi a harkar zamantakewa, kasuwanci da ma sauran al’amurran yau da kullum dab a a faye d’aukar k’addara ba. Kaico duniya rawar ‘yanmata na gaba ya koma baya. Hattara al’umma mu rik’a d’aukar kaddara idan mun k’i kuwa mu rungumi k’adandoniya’.
Daga: ‘Dalibar makarantar Tumbin giwa Jamila Ishak (Atinen Ziko) ta garinsu Munyi-jibir, kurtun mangana: zagaye da kwanciyar magirbi da zagaye da manuniyar sama da kwanciyar magirbi da manuniyar k’asa da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da kwanciyar magirbi da manuniyar k’asa da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya da tsayuwa bisa k’afa d’aya’. Aminiya, 2013, Afrilu, shafi 14.
https://www.amsoshi.com/2017/09/30/nazarin-takaitawa-sakon-gsm/
1.6 Kammalawa
Wannan mak’ala mai taken ‘Karin Harshe na Rukuni: Nazarin Hausar Shafin Makaranta Na Jaridar Aminiya’ ta yi nazari a kan Hausar shafin Makaranta na jaridar Aminiya a matsayin wani nau’in karin harshe na rukuni a Hausa, wanda ya danganci wasu rukunin al’umma da suka had’u a sigar makaranta, wadda ke da malami da d’alibai. Shafin kamar yadda muka bayyana a baya ya kan fito ne, ku san kowane mako a jaridar Hausa ta Aminiya kuma ya kan tattauna al’amurran yau da kullum da suke faruwa a cikin al’umma a k’asar nan cikin nau’in wata Hausa ta daban.
Wannan Hausar kamar yadda misalan da muka bayar suka gabata, Hausa ce ta daban wadda ta ke’banta ga malami da d’aliban makarantar kawai kuma tana tafiya ne ta sigar Hausantar da kalmomi da fassara wasu tare da amfani da ayyukan wasu mutane ko takensu maimaikon sunayensu. Bugu da k’ari ana kuma k’irk’iro wasu jumloli da sassan jumlolin Hausa. Shafin musamman yana da tsarin da yake bi wajen bayyana lambobi, wanda sai k’wararre a irin wannan Hausar ne zai iya fahmitarsu. A tunani na, wannan Hausa idan aka k’ara zurfafa bincike a kanta da wasu makamantanta za ta taimaka wajen samar da nau’in wani harshe na daban wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen sadarwa a ke’ba’b’bun wurare, musamman wajen inganta sadarwa ta wasu ma’aikata na musamman ko kuma wurin ayyukan jami’an tsaro a k’asar nan. Haka ma Hausar tana iya haifar da wani karin harshe babba, wanda za a iya fad’ad’a bincike a kansa.
Akwai buk’atar a yi amfani da basira da k’warewar mutane masu irin wannan baiwar k’irk’ira a harshe domin ha’baka harshen da duban yadda za su bayar da gudummuwa ga ci gaban al’umma da k’asa baki d’aya. Wannan bincike ya nuna muna cewa harshen Hausa yana iya bunk’asa ta irin wannan hanya har a kai ya haifar da wani harshe a cikin al’umma, idan aka baiwa irin wad’annan mutane masu baiwa ta harshe goyon baya da taimakon da ya dace.
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