Sana’ar Ginin Tukwane Da Kayan Aikin Da Take Samarwa

Citation: Isah Abubakar KAROFI, Babangida Mustapha GAFAI & Sabi’u Alti ƁATAGARAWA (2021). Sana’ar Ginin Tukwane Da Kayan Aikin Da Take Samarwa. Yobe Journal of Language, Literature and Culture (YOJOLLAC), Vol. 9, Issue 1. Department of African Languages and Linguistics, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria. ISSN 2449-0660

SANA’AR GININ TUKWANE DA KAYAN AIKIN DA TAKE SAMARWA

Na

Isah Abubakar KAROFI

Babangida Mustapha GAFAI

Sabi’u Alti ƁATAGARAWA

Tsakure

Sana’a ta danganci sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa da Allah ya ajiyewa Ɗan’adam domin ya samarwa kansa abubuwan da rayuwarsa ta dogara da su, domin samun sauƙin gudanar da harkokin yau da kullum. Yumɓu yana ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan albarkatu da ƙasar Hausa take da su, kuma wasu daga cikin Hausawa suke da ilimin sanin yadda ake sarrafa shi domin samar da kayan aiki iri daban-daban. Masu wannan fasaha ta sarrafa yumɓu su ake kira da maginan tukwane. Aikin waɗannan mutane bai tsaya a kan ginin tukwane kawai ba, harma da sauran kayan aikin da suka danganci zamantakewar Hausawa ta yau da kullum. Takardar ta yi duba ne akan sana’ar sarrafa yumɓu da kayan aikin da masu sana’ar sukan samar domin yin ayyukan cikin gida da kuma waje. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su wajen tattara bayanai sun haɗa da hira da masu sana’ar ginin tukwane da masu amfani da su a cikin gida domin samun bayanai masu inganci. Haka kuma, binciken ya gano kayan aiki masu yawa da masu ginin tukwane suke samarwa kamar tukunyar tuwo da tukunyar miya da kwatarniya da kasko da tulu da gora da sauransu. Sannan kuma, aikin ya yi cikakken bayani a kansu ta fuskar siffofinsu da kuma muhimmancinsu ga rayuwar Hausawa ta yau dakulum.

Muhimman Kalmomi: Ginin Tukwane da Kayan Aiki.

1.0 Gabatarwa

Ginin tukwane daɗaɗɗiyar sana’ar Hausawa ce tun can asali domin maza da mata suna gudanar da ita, shi ya sa ake danganta ta da sana’ar tarayya. Sana’ar ta danganci sarrafa yumɓu domin samar da kayan aiki ga Hausawa. Wannan sana’ar tana samun tagomashi a tsakanin Hausawa da maƙwabtansu duk da tasirin zamani da samuwar kayan zamani a kasuwanni duniya bai hana masu ginin tukwane ci gaba da gudanar da wannan sana’ar ba. sana’ar tana samun masoya da masu kasuwancin kayansu a ƙasar Hausa. Sana’ar ginin tukwane tana samar da kaya masu tarin yawa ga jama’a. Wannan aiki ya yi zuzzurfan bincike a kan ginin tukwane da kayan aikin ginin tukwane da kayayyakin da sana’ar take samarwa ga al’ummar birni da ƙauye. Sannan kuma, aikin ya samo bayanai a kan siffofi da amfanin kayayyakin da masu sana’ar ginin tukwane suke samarwa a ƙasar Hausa.

2.0 Kayan Aikin Ginin Tukwane

Kayan aikin ginin tukwane ba su da yawa, kayan da ake buƙata kafin a fara ginin sun haɗa da yumɓu ko taɓo da ƙaiƙan gero da talge da diddinge. Talge yana kama da akushi amma bai kai akushi zurfi ba kuma ya fi akushi girma da shi ake yin zubin tukwane ko tulu[1].

Diddinge ƙasa ce mulmulalla da diddinge ake buga yumɓu domin samar tukunya ko tulu. Bayan an kammala ginin sai nemo itace da ciyayi. Ana haɗa wuta da safe ko da marece a matoya domin a toya ginin da aka samar. Ana yin tuyar domin tukwane da dangoginta domin su yi ƙwari[2].

Kayan da Sana’ar Ginin Tukwane Take Samarwa da Bayanansu

Sana’ar ginin Tukwane sana’a ce ta tarayya domin maza da mata suke gudanar da ita a cikin ƙasar Hausa. Sana’ar ta samu karɓuwa sosai a tsakanin mutane mazauna ƙauyuka da waɗanda suke da muhalli kusa da tabkuna ko rafi domin a waɗannan wurare ne aka fi samun yumɓu mai kyau[3].

Don haka, ga jerin kayan da masu sana’ar ginin tukwane suke samarwa kamar yadda za a gani a ƙasa:

3.1 Asusu

Asusu wani ma’ajiyar Hausawa ne na gargajiya wanda ake mulmula shi daga yumɓu. Mafi yawan lokutta yara ‘ya‘yan masu ginin tukwane suke yin sa. Ana yin sa kamar siffar kwallo, sai dai shi asusu ƙarami ne kuma ana yi masa tsaga a samansa ta yadda mai ajiyar kuɗi zai dinga zura kuɗi a cikinsa domin yin tsimi da tanadi[4].

 

3.2 Bagade

Wannan wata irin tanda ce ta ƙasa wanda take haɗe da murhunta, a cikin gida ake amfani da ita don yin suyar waina ta sayarwa, amma a yanzu ana ce mata tanda (Salima, 2013:307). Akwai tanda mai rami tuya goma da mai sha biyu da mai sha huɗu da mai sha shida har zuwa asirin da biyu duka masu sana’ar ginin tukwane suna samar da su[5].

3.3 Gansarwa

Gansarwa masu ginin tukwane suke samar da ita daga yumɓu, ana yin ta kamar siffar turmi. Ita gansarwa tana da mazauni da hannaye guda biyu waɗanda da su ake ɗaukar ta. Gansarwa tana da baki mai faɗi a cikinta ake zuba garwashi domin ɗumama ɗaki a lokacin sanyi. Amfanin gansarwa shi ne kai wa maijego garwashi a yayin jego. Wasu kuma, suna ɗora gidauniyar fura a kanta bayan an yi mata kwalliya wanda ake kira da sha-bari-kallo[6]

3.4 Goran Ƙasa

Maginan tukwane suke yin sa, ɗan ƙarami ne ƙwarai. Siffarsa iri ɗaya ce da goran duma, sai dai shi goran ƙasa ba ya da girman ciki kamar tulu. Don haka, ba ya ɗaukar ruwa da yawa, ruwan da yake ɗauka bai wuce moɗar roba biyu ba. Ana amfani da goran ƙasa domin zuwa ban ɗaki da  yin alwala da kuma wanke jiki. Wani lokaci mata suna amfani da shi su kashe garwashi bayan an gama girki (Karofi, 2020, sh. 111-112).

3.5 Kaskon Kaji

Kasko ne ɗan ƙarami siffarsa ɗaya da kaskon suya, sai dai shi kaskon kaji ƙarami ne sosai yana da ƙofofi waɗanda aka yanka kamar shan gora guda huɗu. Ana tona ƙasa a saka shi ciki. Amfaninsa sanya ruwa domin kaji ko agwagi su sha daga cikinsa. Masu kiwon tattabaru sukan ɗora kaskon ruwan kaji a saman itace mai gwafa uku domin tattabaru su dinga shan ruwa a wajen sa[7].

3.6 Kaskon Suya

Maginan tukwane suke ginin kaskon suya, yana da siffar kwatarniya, sai dai ba ya da faɗi da girma kamar ta domin shi maginan kan shafe cikinsa sumul-sumul ta yadda ba zai yi yoyo kozubar da mai ba, a lokacin da ake suya a cikinsa. Akan ɗora kaskon suya a saman amaryar ƙasa ko murhun duwatsu domin yin suyar ƙosai da ƙuli-ƙuli da algaragi da sauran abincin da suke da alaƙa da suya[8].

3.7 Kaskon Wuta

Kaskon wuta masu ginin tukwane suke yin sa, ana yi masa faɗin baki, sai dai matsakaici ne bai kai girman kaskon suya ba. Ana amfani da shi domin ɗumama ɗaki, wato a sanya garwashi a  ciki a lokacin hunturu ko sanyi (Karofi, 1986, sh. 4).

Haka nan kuma, ana zuba garwashin wuta cikinsa domin mai jego ta ji ɗumi. Sannan kuma, ana ɗumama ɗaki a lokacin sanyi da hunturu.

3.8 Kwatarniya

CNHN (2006, sh. 268) ya bayar da ma’anar kwatarniya da “Ƙaton ma’aikaci ce da ake yi da ƙasa (yumɓu) domin zuba ruwa, musamman don wankan jego da zuba wa dabbobi ruwa”.

Masu ginin tukwane suke yin kwatarniya daga yumɓu, buɗaɗɗiya ce da siffar kwando ko masaki. Tana da kauri, musamman a wajen bakinta. Mata na amfani da ita wajen zuba ruwan wankan jego ko zuba wa dabbobi ruwan sha ko kuma tsari wato ruwan da aka samar daga wanke dussar hatsi da sauran dafe-dafen cikin gida (Karofi, 1986, sh. 22).

3.9 Kular Ruwa

Hausawa mutane ne masu buƙatar shan ruwan sanyi a lokacin da suka cika cikinsu da abinci, wannan dalili shi ne ya sanya magina tukwane suke gina kula. Kula kuwa, tukunya ce wadda take da siffa irin na tulu, sai dai ita kula tana da dogon wuya, sannan tana da wurin kamawa don saukin bulbular ruwa. Amfaninta shi ne zuba ruwa domin ya yi sanyi a sha musamman lokacin bazara (Karofi, 1986, sh. 9).

3.11 Kurumbo

Wata ƙaramar tukunya cemai ɗan ƙaramin baki, tana da murfi daidai bakinta. Kurumbo tana kama da tukunyar dauri, sai dai ita kururruma ce wato wacce ba a yi mata cin baki ba. Ana amfani da ita wajen binne mahaifa a ƙasa bayan an kammala al’adun binne mahaifa. Al’adar rufe mahaifa a wajen Hausawa mata tana da matukar muhimmanci domin da wuya a ga mace mai ciki a ‘da’ ba ta tanadi kurumbo ba kafin lokacin haihuwarta ta zo, ba don kome ba sai don bai wa abin muhimmanci.  Amma a yanzu amsar haihuwa a asibiti ya taƙaita amfani da ita[9].

3.11 Lofe

Lofe wani ƙaramin mazubi ne wanda da yake da hannu cikinsa rarakakke ne kuma yana da ɗan ƙaramin mazubi wanda shi ne bakinsa, ta bakinsa ne ake zuba garin taba ko magani domin zuƙa kamar yadda ake zuƙar taba sigari. A yau, mutane suna amfani da shi domin shan magani cake basir da maganin bindiga na gargajiya. Ana sayar da shi a wajen a wurin ‘yan koli[10].

4.12 Madambaci

Tukunya ce mai huda a ƙasanta wadda ake dafa dambu ko wasa-wasa ko burabusko da sauransu. Ana saka guntuwar tabarma a ƙasa wato cikin madanbacin, sannan a ɗora ta a bisa wata tukunyar a liƙe mahaɗar da ƙasa ko toka, wannan ɗorin ya sa Hausawa suka ƙirƙiro wasa ƙwaƙwalwa kamar haka ‘ɗillin bisa ɗillin’, tukunyar dambu. Bayan an sa ruwa a cikin tukunyar ta ƙasa tururin yake bi ta ramun madambacin. Ana amfani ne da madambaci wajen dafa abinci wanda ba ya da buƙatar a sa shi cikin ruwa kai tsaye wajen dafa shi, sai a turara. Tururi shi ne yake dafa abincin ba ruwa ba (Karofi, 2020, sh. 105-106).

312 Makarkari

Mata na samun wani ɓallin tukunya ko kasko daga fasasshiyar tukunya ne, suna amfani da shi wajen katse tukunya don kada abin da aka dafa ya liƙe ko ya kame a tukunyar dafa abinci. Wato a taƙaice dai makarkari wani abin kankare ƙanzon tuwo ne da duk wani sauran abinci wanda ya yi kamu a lokacin girki. Hikimar yin haka shi ne, domin kaucewa yi wa tukunyar ƙasa rauni idan aka yi amfani da wani abu mai ƙarfi dangin ƙarfi (Karofi, 2020, sh. 111)

3.13 Murhu/Amaryar Ƙasa

Masu ginin tukwane suke yin ta da yumɓu. Za a yi ta kamar shigen rabin tukunya, sai a yi mata makangai guda uku ta yadda idan an ɗora tukunya za ta zauna daidai. Kuma sai a yi mata ƙofa ta inda za a riƙa zura itace a haɗa wuta a yayin da za a yi girki. Murhu ne na tafi-da-gidanka na ƙasa (Gwarjo da wasu, 2005).

3.14 Randa

Masu ginin tukwane suke yin randa. Ana gina ta da yumɓu da siffar tukunya sai dai ta ɗara tukunya girma. Ana yi mata ƙaramin baki ko wuya, sannan ana yi mata kwalliya a wajen bakinta. Bayan an gama ginin ta sha iska, sai a kai matoya wato wurin da ake toya tukwane don su yi ƙwari. Ana shafa mata jar ƙasa ko farar ƙasa. Sannan ana yi wa bakin murfi domin rufewa. A al’adance Hausawa na ajiye randa a cikin ɗaki. Wannan dalili ne ya sa Hausawa suke yin wata karin magana don nuna randa a cikin ɗaki take a ko da yaushe. Haka kuma, wata karin maganar kuma tana yin nuni da yadda randa take ma’ajiyar ruwa kamar haka randa uwar ruwa, kowa ya wuce randa ba ruwa yake nema ba, tulu yake yawo randa na ɗaki zaune‛. Amfaninta shi ne zuba ruwan sha ko ruwan aikace-aikace a gida da kayayakin gona, kamar gero ko dawa har ma da sutura da kuɗi a wasu ɓangarorin ƙasar Hausa (Soba, 2015, sh. 54).

Duk da tasirin zamani har gobe, randa na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen adana kayayyakin Hausawa na gargajiya da kuma bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin ƙasar Hausa, domin ita randa tana nan da martabar ta a ƙauyuka da birane, musamman wajen samar da ruwan sha masu sanyi a lokacin rani da bazara.

3.15 Tanda

Maginan tukwane suke yin tanda, ana yi mata ramuka irin na gidan dara masu yawa gwargwadon buƙata, inda ake zuba mai da ƙullun waina wato kwaɓaɓɓen garin dawa ko gero ko masara wanda aka yi wa haɗin kanwa da dakakkiyar kuɓewa, ya danganta da yawan gidajen da mutum yake buƙata, akwai mai gida goma da mai sha biyu da sha huɗu da sha shida har zuwa ashirin da biyu[11].

3.16 Tukunyar Dauri/’Yardauri

Tukunyar dauri ‘yar ƙaramar tukunya ce wacce ake yi wa cin baki da murfi mai mariƙi. Amfaninta shi ne dafa magungunan gargajiya ga jarirai[12].

3.17 Tukunyar Miya (Talliya)

Talliya suna ne na gama-gari da ake kiran tukunyar miya, ba ta da girma ƙwarai wato ‘yar ƙarama ce ta yin miya. Tana da baki ɗan ƙarami zagayayye. Ana yi mata murfi na ƙasa.  Amfanin talliya shi ne dafa miyar kuka ko kuɓewa ko gyaɗa ko taushe da makamantan waɗannan. Tukunyar miya ta gargajiya tana ajiye miya da zafinta na dogon lokaci ga shi kuma miyar da aka yi a cikinta ba ta saurin lalacewa idan aka kwatanta da ta zamani (Karofi, 2020, sh. 104-105).

3.18 Tukunyar Tuwo

Da yumɓu ake gina tukunya. Tukunyar tuwo tana da matsakaicin girma ana yi mata baki daidai gwargwado wanda ake sanya wa faifai a matsayin murfi. Girman tukunyar ya danganta da buƙatar mai amfani da ita. Don haka, ne ma ya sa ake yi wa kowace suna daidai da aikinta a cikin gida. Tukunyar tuwo ta kasu kashi biyu akwai ta tuwon gida da kuma ta tuwon biki, abin da ya bambanta su shi ne girman ta tuwon biki ta ɗara ta tuwon gida girma sosai. Amfaninta shi ne yin tuwo, wani lokaci kuma ana dafa abincin biki kamar shinkafa da makamancinta a cikinta (Karofi, 1986, sh. 11).

3.19 Tulu

Masu ginin tukwane ke yin tulu da yumɓu, amma tulu ya bambanta da tukunya da kwatarniya domin shi akan yi masa wani ƙaramin baki kamar na goran duma. Kamar yadda ake gasa sauran abubuwan da ake samar wa daga yumɓu haka shi ma tulu ana gasa shi wutar ƙaiƙai bayan an gina shi. Amfanin tulu shi ne ɗaukar ruwan sha da na yin abinci da sauran buƙatu da kuma sanyaya ruwan sha a lokacin bazara [13].

3.20 ‘Yartsana

‘Yartsana kayan wasan yara ce, wadda ake mulmulawa da taɓo ko ɓaɓɓarkiya. Ana yi mata surar mutum. Yara mata suna yi mata kwalliya iri-iri.Ana kuma renonta da kwaikwayon ciyar da ita, ana yi mata wanka. Idan ta girma ana yi mata ƙunshi da ado na tufafi wanda teloli suka ɗinka da ƙyallaye. A kwana a tashi sai a ce ‘yartsanar ta isa aure, sai raba wa ƙawaye goro da alewa a gaya masu ranar biki (Rabi’u, 2013, sh. 507).

‘Yartsana kayan wasan yara ce kawai babu wani aiki da ake yi da ita[14].

Dangane da hoton ‘yartsana a hirar da na yi da Nasiru da Sani da kuma Hussaini masu ginin tukwane sun shaida mani cewa‚ “Da ma yaransu ne suke mulmula ‘yartsanar, amma saboda tasirin addinin Musulunci ya sanya suka hana yaran mulmula ta domin addinin ya hana yin duk wani abu mai surar mutum ko yin mutum-mutumi”.

5.0 Kammalawa

Wannan aiki ya tafiya mai nisa a cikin sana’ar ginin tukwane inda ya gano muhimman abubuwa da suka shafi sana’ar da kayayyakin da take samarwa domin al’umma su amfani da su a cikin gidaje da waje. Duk da cewa aikin ya kawo wasu muhimman bayanai a kan ginin tukwane da bayanan siffofi da amfanin wasu kayan da sana’ar take samarwa. Aikin ya gano aƙalla kayan aiki guda ashirin da ɗaya(21) waɗanda dukkaninsu an kawo hotunansu domin samun sauƙin fahimta da bambance su da saura. Sana’ar ginin tukwane sana’a ce mai sanya dogaro da kai da bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin ƙasar Hausa ta la’akari da yadda al’umma (Hausawa da maƙwabtansu) suka jingina rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum a kan kayayyakin da take samarwa.

6.0 Shawarwari

Babu shakka sana’ar ginin tukwane na taka muhimmiyar wajen samar da aikin yi a tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa ga shi kuma sana’ar tana bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin ƙasar Hausa da kuma raya al’adun gargajiya ta fuskar samar da kayan aiki ga Hausawa da maƙwabtansu. Don haka, ga jerin wasu shawarwari waɗanda za su taimaka a ciyar da wannan ɓangare gaba kamar haka:

Yana da kyau masu ginin tukwane su cigaba da koyawa ‘ya’yansu wannan sana’a ta ginin tukwane, domin tana cike da rufin asiri da taimakawa wajen kiyaye al’adun Hausawa na gargajiya daga salwanta.

Haka nan kuma, masu sana’ar ginin tukwane kasancewarsu masu gudanar sana’a wadda ba ta da buƙatar babban jari kafin fara yin ta, yana da kyau gwamnati ta samar masu da wani tallafi na kuɗi domin su ƙara bunƙasa sana’ar domin ta dace da zamani.

Sannan kuma, gwamnati ta iganta sana’ar ta hanyar samar masu da wata kasuwa wadda za ta zama matattarar gare su ta yadda cuɗanya a tsakaninsu za ta zama wata kafa ta ƙara bunƙasa sana’ar da cigabansu baki ɗaya.

Bayan nan kuma, yana da kyau ɗalibai musamman masu nazarin harshen Hausa a matakai daban-daban, su dinga kai ziyara gani da ido, a wuraren da ake aiwatar da irin waɗannan sana’o’i. Yin hakan za ya taimaka masu wajen ƙara fahimtar irin kayan da sana’ar take samarwa da kuma sanin yadda ake aiwatar dasu.

Manazarta

CNHN (2006). Ƙamusun Hausa. Ahmadu Bello University Printimg Press.

Gwarjo, Y.T. da wasu (2005). Aure a jihar Katsina. Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata Al’adu.

Karofi, A. M. (1986). Kayan cikin gidan Bahaushe jiya da yau sigoginsu da amfaninsu. [Kundin Digiri na Farko]. Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero.

Karofi, I.A. (2020). Tasirin zamani a kan kayan aikin mata Hausawa na gargajiya. [Kundin Digiri na Biyu]. Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero.

Rabi’u, M.T. (2013). Wasan ‘yartsana a matsayin tubalin gina tarbiyya a ƙasar Hausa. Cikin

Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa. Hulkumar Tarihi da Raya Al’adun Gargajiya Haɗin Guiwa da Jami’ar Umaru Musa ‘Yar’adua, 505-510.

Soba, S. A. (2015). Muhalli a idon Hausawa Don makarantun gaba da sakandare.  Sawaba Press and Publishing Company.

Ratayen Sunayen Mutanen da aka yi Hira da su

1.      Sani mai tukwane, ranar laraba 10/3/2021 da misalin ƙarfe 11.00 na safe a wurin sana’arsa da ke bakin-ruwa Gobirawa, Kuki ƙaramar hukumar Dutsinma, jihar Katsina.

2.        Binta Tsohuwa, ranar litinin 15/3/2021 da misalin 12:00 na rana a gidanta da ke sabon-layi Karofi, ƙaramar hukumar Dutsinma, jihar Katsina.

3.        Barira Lawal Ungozoma, ranar alhamis 11/3/2021 da misalin ƙarfe 10:30 na safe a gidanta da ke gangaren kwalta Karofi, ƙaramar hukumar Dutsinma, jihar Katsina.

4.      Sani Shehu Cheza (ɗankoli), a ranar talata 16/3/2021 da misalin 2:00 na rana a gidansu da ke kofar fada Karofi, ƙaramar hukumar Dutsinma, jiharKatsina.

5.      Hussaini mai tukwane, ranar jumu’a 19/3/2021 da misalin 2:30 na rana a gidansa da keSabon garin Shema, ƙaramar hukumar Charanci, jihar Katsina.

6.      Nasiru mai ginin tukwane ranar asabar 20/3/2021 da misalin 10:30 na safe a maginarsa da ke Ɗantaƙiri, ƙaramar hukumar Dutsinma, jihar Katsina.

 

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[1] . Hira da Hussaini mai tukwane, 19/3/2021.

[2]. Hira da Hussaini mai tukwane, 19/3/2021.

[3] . Hira da Sani mai tukwane, 10/3/2021.

[4] . Hira da Sani mai tukwane, 10/3/2021.

[5] . Hussaini mai tukwane, 19/3/2021.

[6] . Hira da Binta tsohuwa, 15/3/2021.

[7] . Hira da Sani mai tukwane, 10/3/2021.

[8] . Hira da Sani mai tukwane, 10/3/2021.

[9] . Hira da Barira Lawal ungozoma 11/3/2021.

[10] . Hira da Sani Shehu Cheza 16/3/2021.

[11] . Hira da Sani mai tukwane, 10/3/2021.

[12] . Hira da Barira Lawal ungozoma, 11/3/2021.

[13] . Hira da Sani mai tukwane, 10/3/2021. 

[14] . Hira da Nasiru mai tukwane, 20/3/2021.