Salon Magana a Bakin Makada Alhaji Sa’idu Faru

Citation: Yahaya, S. & Almu, B. (2024). Salon Magana a Bakin Makaɗa Alhaji Sa’idu Faru. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 278-281. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.036.

Salon Magana a Bakin Makaɗa Alhaji Sa’idu Faru

Daga

Samaila Yahaya

Department of English Language and Literary Studies, School of Secondary Education (Languages) Zamafara State College of Education, Maru

khadisma15@gmail.com

08069214605

&

Bello Almu

Medical Social Services Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto

almuscopy@gmail.com

08034629234

Tsakure

Salon magana maganganu ne na hikima da kakkarya harshe waɗanda ake yi ta hanyar sarƙa kalmomi masu sauti iri ɗaya a cikin jimla ko jimloli, a yi magana mai sarƙaƙiya. Irin wannan shi wasu ke kira Ƙarangiya ko gagara-gwari. Manufar wannan maƙala ita ce fito da wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙi da ke ɗauke da salon magana, tare da yin sharhi gwargwadon fahimta. Maƙalar za ta mayar da hankali ne ga wasu salailan maganganu guda biyu da Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da su a cikin waƙar Sarkin Yaƙin Banga. An ɗora wannan aiki a bisa ra’in Mazhabar Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya wadda Gusau (2003) ya assasa. An samu wannan waƙa faifan CD, sannan aka saurare ta, tare da rubuta matanonin ta a kan takarda. An tattauna da wasu masana da manazarta domin ƙara samun haske. Haka kuma an duba wasu littattafai da kundayen bincike da maƙalu domin ƙara samun wasu muhimman bayanai. An gano cewa makaɗa Sa’idu Faru mutum ne mai basira wanda ya ƙware wajen sarrafa harshen Hausa. Saboda haka ne ake samun salon magana a cikin wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙinsa. Haka kuma, an gano cewa, kalmomin gagara-gwari ko ƙarangiya suna da mutuƙar wahalar ambato ga waɗanda ba Hausawa ba har da ma Hausawan. Musamman idan ana magana ko maimaita waɗannan maganganu da sauri-sauri. .

Muhimman Kalmomi: Gagara-Gwari, Ƙarangiya, Makala, Ra’i, Waƙar Baka da kuma Salon Magana.

Gabatarwa

Salon magana maganganu ne na hikima da kakkarya harshe waɗanda ake yi ta hanyar saka kalmomi masu sauti iri ɗaya a cikin jimla ko jimloli, a yi magana mai sarƙaƙya. Irin wannan shi wasu ke kira ƙarangiya ko gagara-gwari. Wannan Maƙala an rubuta ta ne domin yin tsokaci a cikin waƙar Sarkin Yaƙin Banga ta Alhaji Sa’idu Faru mai take “Gwabron Giwa Uban Galadima”domin ganin irin yadda mawaƙin ya yi amfani da hikimarsa wurin yin amafani da salon magana a cikin waƙar.

Ma’anar Salo

Masana da manazarta sun bayar da ma’anar salo ta hanyoyi da dama duk da yake kusan manufa ɗaya suka fuskanta, kalmomin da suka yi amfani da su kawai ka bambanta.

Salo a waƙoƙin baka wata hanya ce wadda makaɗi ke kyautata zaren tunaninsa, ya sarrafa shi cikin azanci don ya cim ma burinsa na isar da saƙo a waƙa, Gusau (2023:54). Ga abin da wannan masani ya nuna salo shi ne dabarun da mai magana ya ƙunsa a cikin zancensa da nufin isar da saƙo ta hanyar da za a fahimce shi cikin sauƙi ko da wahala, a cikin raha ko cikin ƙosawa. Duk ta hanyar da masu saurare suka ji jawabin daga hanyoyin da aka ambata, to shi ne irin salon da mai zancen ya yi amafani da shi.

Yahya (1999:3) ya bayyana cewa, salo yana nufin duk wata dabara ko hanya a cikin waƙa wadda aka bi domin isar da saƙo. Ita wannan dabara ko hanya tana yi wa waƙa kwalliya ta yadda saƙon waƙar zai isa ga mai saurare ko karatun waƙar.

Wannan ma’ana ita ma kusan manufarta ɗaya da wadda ta gabace ta. Bayanin yana nuni ne ga irin dabarun da mawaƙi yake amfani da su wajen isar da sakonsa ga jama’a a cikinsa ba tare da gundura ba. Wato saƙonsa ya isa cikin birnin zuciyar masu saurare cikin nishaɗi da ban sha’awa.

Masana da manazarta suna ganin cewa, salo yana da wuyar a gane shi a bisa kansa, sai dai ana iya gane wasu sigogi nasa dangane da ma’anarsa. To amma muna iya cewa salo shi ne hanyoyin isar da saƙo, Dangambo (1975:34).

A bisa bayanan masana ana iya cewa, salo wata dabara ce ta isar da saƙo ta hanyar zaɓen kalmomin da suka dace da abin da ake zance ta yadda zuciyar mai saurare ko karatun abun za ta karɓe shi, a cikin sauƙi ko kuma a cikin tsauri.

Ire-iren Salo

Daga cikin dabarun da ake amfani da su don yi wa waƙoƙi na baka ado, akwai ire-iren salo kamar haka:

a.      Salon kamantawa

b.      Salon siffantawa

c.       Salon jinsintarwa

d.     Salon kinaya

e.      Salon alamtarwa

f.        Salon sarrafa harshe

g.      Salon ƙarangiya/gagara-gwari

 

 

Salon Kamantawa

Kamantawa wata dabara ce wadda ake kwatanta abubuwa biyu dangane da wasu darajoji da za su iya zama na daidaito ko na fifiko ko kuma na kashi. A lokacin da ake wannan za a yi amfani da wasu kalmomi da ke nuna kamance a fili da ake kira kalmomin kamantawa ko kalmomi na tsakani, Misali: kamar da tamkar da awa da kama da sai ka ce da daidai da da i kaza da ca kake da wuce da zarce da tsere da dara da kasa da gaza da sauransu (Dangambo, 1981:13-14).

Salon Siffantawa

Siffantawa ita kuma dabara ce inda makaɗi yake ɗaukar siffar wani abu ba tare da amfani da wani tsakani ba. A siffantawa ba a buƙatar amfani da wasu kalmomi na siffantawa. A waƙoƙin baka na Hausa akwai siffantawa da yawa.

Salon Jinsintarwa

Jinsintarwa dabara ce ta ɗaukar daraja ko siffa ko hali ko yanayi ko aiki na wani jinsi a ba wa wani jinsi na daban. Misali, a ɗauki wata halayya da kawai jinsin mutum aka san shi da ita a ɗora wa jinsin dabba ko tsuntsu (Yahya, 2002: 226).

Salon Kinaya

Kinaya wata dabara ce ta sakaya zance wadda ake juyar da abu daga asalinsa wato ma’anarsa ta farko zuwa ga wata ma’ana ta biyu wato ta sakayawa. Kinaya dabara ce ta sakaya ko lulluɓe magana ta zama a madadin wata.

Salon Alamtarwa

Alamtarwa wata hanya ce da ake bayyana wani abu ta ba shi wata alama da ta yi kama da shi dangane da siffa ko yanayi ko ɗabi’a ko hali ko asali ko jaruntaka ko ƙasaita da dai sauransu (Gusau, 2003 ).

Salon Sarrafa Harshe

Wannan ado ne da kwalliya da ake yi wa magana domin isar da saƙo a cikin waƙa (Gusau, 2003).

Salon Ƙarangiya/Gagara-gwari

Ƙaraiya/Gagara-gwari dabara ce ta luguden haruffa ko kalmomi ko wasa da harshe cikin baƙaƙe da kalmomi. Haka kuma akan iya maimaita wata gaɓa ko ƙwayar sauti, sautinsu ya dinga tafiya bai ɗaya a cikin kalmomi da sadarun ɗan waƙa (Gusau, 2003:61-62 ). Misali:

Jagora: Yaro in taƙamar salon magana ka ka yi,

: Ce tsare tsara, x2

‘Y/Amshi: Tahi tsantsami tsantsara,

: Ka tsantsame tsari tsab ga tsamiya. X2

Jagora: Tunkuɗa tunku cikin tukar rukuɓu,

: Tukuɗin Tumba yai tuɓus,

‘Y/Amshi: Tumba taho yau da ke da Tab da Taɓo,

: Da Taɓus da ‘Yattuɓus,

: Gwabron Giwa Uban Galadima ɗan Sambo Ginshimi,

: Gamshiƙan Amadu na Maigandi kai a uban Zagi.

(Wakar Sarkin Yaƙin Banga)

Ma’anar Salon Magana

Salon Magana na nufin amfani da kalmomi biyu ko fiye waɗanda dunƙulalliyar ma’anarsu ta bambanta da ma’anoninsu yayin da suke a matsayin ɗaidaiku. (Sani, 2023:1). Salon magana maganganu ne na hikima da kakkarya harshe waɗanda ake yi ta hanyar sarƙa kalmomi masu sauti iri ɗaya a cikin jimla ko jimloli, a yi magana mai sarƙaƙiya. Irin wannan shi wasu ke kira ƙarangiya ko gagara-gwari. Misali:

1.      Ina tafiya ta kurun na tsinci kunkurun Kurun na kai ta kasuwar Kurun ana kurun ina kurun na sai da kunkurun Kurun.

2.      Janaral Garba Garbati gwanin gyaran gwangwanin gwamnatin jahar Gwangola.

3.      An kashe kasa, an kasa gwaza, garin kallon kasasshiyar kasa na kasa kwashe kashin gwaza. (Sani, 2023 www.amsoshi.com Hausa Language Archive).

Matsayin Salon Magana ga Hausawa da Waɗanda ba Hausawa ba

Salon magana waɗansu maganganu ne da suke da sarƙaƙiya waɗanda sau da yawa sukan gagari Hausawa da waɗanda ba Hausawa ba furtawa. Musamman idan ana son a furta waɗannan maganganu da sauri. Misalin irin waɗannan maganganu sun haɗa da:

1.      Turmi ture kura, kura ture turmi.

2.      Na zo Koko na yini Koko ban sha kokon Koko ba.

3.      Tun da taɓa take ba ta taɓa taba taɓo ba, sai da tabo ya faɗo cikin tabo sannan taɓa ta taɓa taba taɓo.

Salon Magana a Bakin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru

Sa’idu Faru yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun makaɗan fada a ƙasar Hausa. Ya yi wa sarakuna da ‘ya’yan sarakuna da waɗanda suka jiɓinci jinin sarauta waƙoƙi masu yawa. Waƙar Sarkin Yaƙin Banga tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙinsa. A cikin wannan waƙa makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya nuna ƙwarewarsa a harshen Hausa inda ya yi amfani da salon magana a cikin waƙar. Ga abin da yake cewa:

Jagora: Yaro in taƙamar salon magana ka ka yi,

: Ce tsare tsara, x2

 ‘Y/Amshi: Tahi tsantsami tsantsara,

: Ka tsantsame tsari tsab ga tsamiya. X2

Jagora: Tunkuɗa tunku cikin tukar rukuɓu,

: Tukuɗin Tumba yai tuɓus,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Tumba taho yau da ke da Tab da Taɓo,

: Da Taɓus da ‘Yattuɓus.

: Gwabron Giwa Uban Galadima ɗan Sambo Ginshimi,

: Gamshik’an Amadu na Maigandi kai a uban Zagi.

(Waƙar Sarkin Yaƙin Banga)

Idan aka dubi wannan ɗan waƙa za a ga cewa makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da ƙwarewarsa wajen sarrafa harshe, inda ya yi luguden wasu haruffa a cikin wasu kalmomi. A layi na uku da na huɗu na ɗan waƙar ya yi ta maimaita gaɓar “tsa” a cikin wasu kalmomi. Haka kuma, a layi na biyar da na shida ya yi ta maimaita harafin “t”.

Sakamakon Bincike

Marubuta wannan maƙala mai taken, Salon Magana a Bakin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru sun gano cewa, kalmomin Gagara-gwari ko Ƙarangiya suna da mutuƙar wahalar ambato ga waɗanda ba Hausawa ba har da ma Hausawan. Musamman idan ana magana ko maimaita waɗannan maganganu da sauri-sauri.

Ana samun salailan maganganu da dama a waƙoƙin baka iri daban-daban, amma salon maganganun da Alhaji Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da su a cikin wannan waƙa cike suke da sarƙaƙiya wanda ba kasafai ake samun irin wannan waibuwa ba a cikin waƙoƙin baka na Hausa.

Kammalawa

A wannan takarda an yi magana ne a kan salon magana a bakin makaɗa Sa’idu Faru. An kawo ma’anar salo da ire-irensa daga masana daban-daban. Kuma an yi bayanin ma’anar salon magana tare da kawo wasu misalai. Bayan haka, an fito da ɗiyan waƙar da ke ɗauke da salon magana daga cikin waƙar Sarkin Yaƙin Banga ta Sa’idu Faru, kuma an yi sharhi gwargwadon fahimta. An gano cewa Sa’idu Faru ya ƙware wajen sarrafa harshen Hausa, saboda haka ne ake samun salon magana waɗanda suke cike da sarƙaƙiya a cikin waƙoƙinsa, wanda ba kasafai ake samun irin wannan waibuwa a cikin waƙoƙin baka na Hausa ba.

Manazarta

Abdulƙadir, D. (1975). The Role of an Oral Singer in Hausa/Fulani Society: A Case Study of Mamman Shata. Kundin Digiri na Uku. Indiana: Jami’ar Indiana.

Gusau, S.M. (1980). Wasanni da Waƙe-waƙen Yara a Ƙasar Gusau. Cyclostyled Edition.

Gusau, S.M. (1983). Waƙoƙin Noma na Baka: Yanaye-Yanayensu da Sigoginsu. Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero.

Gusau, S.M. (1988). Waƙoƙin Makaɗan Fada: Yanayinsu da Sigoginsu. Kundin Digiri na Uku. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya,Jami’ar Bayero.

Gusau, S.M. (1996). Makaɗa da Mawaƙan Hausa. Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services.

Gusau, S.M. (2003). Jagoran Nazarin Wakar Baka. Kano: Benchmark Publishers Limited.

Sani, A.U. (2023). Hausa Language Archive. www.amsoshi.com.

Yahya, A.B. (1997). Jigon Nazarin Waƙa. Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services.

Yahya, A.B. (2001). Salo Asirin Waƙa. Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services.

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