Kirkira da Hardantawa a Sunayen ‘Yan Ta’adda a Arewa Maso Yammacin Nijeriya

Cite this article as: Sarkin Fada, I. & Abdullahi, M. (2023). Ƙirƙira da Harɗantawa a Sunayen ‘Yan Ta’adda a Arewa Maso Yammacin Nijeriya. Zamfara International Journal of Humanities, (2)3, 75-81. www.doi.org/10.36349/zamijoh.2023.v02i03.009.

Ƙirƙira da Harɗantawa a Sunayen ‘Yan Ta’adda a Arewa Maso Yammacin Nijeriya

 Daga 

Isah Sarkin Fada
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau
Phone No: 08039165872
 Isahsarkinfada@Gmail.Com

Da

Musa Abdullahi
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau
Phone No: 08037765415

 Tsakure

Ana samun sauye-sauye a harshe ta hanyar bunƙasa da faɗaɗa da kuma samun sababbin al’amurra cikinsa da sukan faru lokaci-lokaci. Harshe yana bunƙasa ne sakamakon ƙaruwar yawan masu magana da shi. Haka kuma yana samun naƙasu sakamakon raguwar ‘yan asalin harshen da ke magana da shi. Wannan maƙala mai taken ‘Nazarin ƙirƙira da ma’anar wasu sunayen ‘yan ta’adda a Arewa Maso Yammacin Nijeriya.’ Wannan maƙala ce da ta yi nazarin bunƙasar harshen Hausa da aka samu dalilin ayyukan masu ta’addanci a wasu yankunan Arewa maso Yammacin Nijeriya. Maƙalar ta yi ƙoƙarin fitowa da wasu sababbin sunayen da ‘yan ta’adda suke kiran kansu da su waɗanda suka ƙirƙirawa kansu domin amfani da su wajen sadarwarsu ta yau da kullum da kuma wasu sunaye da mutane suke kiran su da su. Manufar maƙalar ita ce, tabbatar da bunƙasar da harshen Hausa ya samu a dalilin ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda ta hanyar samar da ƙirƙirarrun sunaye na gama-gari da ake kiran su da su da kuma sunayen da suke laƙabawa kansu da kuma sunayen da ake yi masu. An yi amfani da ra’in ‘Dangantakar Harshe da Rikici’ (Language of Violence) na Smith, Alison G. da wasu (2008), wajen gudanar da wannan bincike wanda yake magana a kan sadarwa tsakanin ‘yan ta’adda da waɗanda ke yaƙar su. Ra’in ya bayyana cewa, idan aka yi la’akari da kalmomin da ɓangaroirin biyu ke furtawa, to akwai abubuwan da ake samarwa dangane da harshe da bunƙasarsa. Daga cikin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen tattara bayanan da aka rubuta wannan maƙalar akwai; tattaunawa da ‘yan ta’adda da suka tuba da mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su domin neman kuɗin fansa, amma daga baya suka samu ‘yanci, da ‘yan jarida da wasu ɗaiɗaikun mutane da ayyukan ta’addanci suke aukawa a cikin yankunansu. Haka kuma da sunayen da ake ji na ‘yan ta’adda a kafafen sadarwa da kuma hanyar sadarwa na rediyo da talabijin da jaridu da mujallu ta intanet.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Ƙirƙira, Harɗantawa, Sunaye, Ta’addanci

Shimfiɗa

Harshe hanya ce ta ƙulla dangantaka tsakanin mutane musamman wajen mu’amala da zamantakewa. Ana amfani da harshe wajen isar da saƙo da wurin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da yaɗa al’ada. Haka zalika, harshe ya kasance wata makaranta ce wajen hani da horo ga al’umma a kan wasu al’amurra. Jibril (2017, p6) yana cewa: ‘Harshe wata hanya ce ta furta wasu sautuka masu ma’ana wadda ɗan-Adam yake amfani da ita domin sadar da wani saƙo’. Bugu da ƙari, harshe yana ƙunshe da waɗansu siffofi waɗanda ake iya gane shi da su, waɗannan siffofi kuwa sun haɗa da; ƙirƙira domin samar da sababbin kalmomi da tsari da koyo da yalwa da ƙwarewa da kuma daidaito. Babban aikin harshe ga al’umma shi ne sadarwa tsakanin al’umma.

A ɓangaren al’umma kuwa, Yakasai (2020, p51) ya bayyana cewa: ‘Al’umma ita ce, tarin ɗaiɗaikun mutane da suke zaune a gari guda, ko yanki ko lardi ko jiha ko ƙasa’. Al’umma tana iya kasancewa haɗakar ƙabilu daban-daban. Wannan yana nuna cewa duk lokacin da aka sami fiye da mutum guda, wanda lalurar hulɗa da mu’amala ta kama. Hulɗa da mu’amala kuwa ba su cika ba tare da al’umma ba. Amfani da harshe tilas ne, a wajen hulɗa, kuma lalura ce. Saboda haka, harshe ya zama kanwa uwar gami ga dukkan al’amurran rayuwar ɗan Adam.

A ɗayan ɓangare kuwa, rukunin jama’a ya ƙunshi mutane da suka yi tarayyar alaƙa ta fuskar zamantakewa wuri guda. Duk da yake ɗaiɗaikun mutane kan bambanta da juna ta hanyar magana, amma ana iya samun Hausar rukuni dalilin tarayyar aiki ko matsayi ko jinsi ko jama’a ko addini ko samun matakin ilmi iri ɗaya. Nazarin harshen ta’addanci wani fanni ne da ke ƙarƙashin ilmin walwalar harshe, amma kuma wanda bai samu ranar shanya daga wajen masana ba. Harshen ta’addanci wani ɓangare ne da ya bayar da gudummuwa sosai wajen bunƙasa harshen Hausa.

‘Yan ta’adda fanɗararrun mutane ne da suka killace kansu wuri ɗaya a daji, ba su son mu’amala a cikin al’umma. Saboda haka, kasancewa sun yi gungu wuri ɗaya, kuma suna gudanar da rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum, to a mahangar masana ilmin walwalar harshe babu mamaki su samar da wata Hausa ta daban wadda ta keɓanta da su da ta sha bamban da sauran rukunin jama’a.

A lokacin gudanar da wannan bincike an yi ƙoƙarin zagayawa a wasu yankunan da ke Arewa maso Yammacin Nijeriya, musamman wuraren da lamarin rashin tsaro ya fi ƙamari domin tattara bayanan yadda ake samar da sunayen ‘yan ta’adda da suka samu a sanadiyar ayyukan masu ta’addanci. Binciken ya yi nazarin yadda ‘yan ta’adda suke kallon kansu da yadda al’umma suke kallon su. Wuraren da aka gudanar da binciken a cikinsu sun haɗa da; wasu yankuna na jihar Zamfara da wani yanki na yammacin jihar Katsina da wani yanki na gabashin jihar Sakkwato.

Dabarun Bincike

Ayyukan ta’addanci abu ne da al’umma suke ƙyama, amma duk da haka a ɓangaren harshe ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa harshe matuƙa. Dalili kuwa shi ne, an sami ƙaruwar sababbin kalmomi da sassan jimla da jimloli a cikin harshen Hausa ta dalilin hakan. Saboda haka, an yi amfani da dabaru da dama domin tattara bayanan wannan bincike. Daga cikin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su akwai:

a.   Tattaunawa da ‘yan ta’addan da suka tuba domin samun sahihan bayanai.

b.   Tattaro bayanai daga kafafen yaɗa labarai na jaridu da mujallu da kuma kafar sadarwa ta intanet.

c.    Hira da wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su, suka samu ‘yanci.

d.  Tattaunawa da wasu mutanen da ayyukan ta’addanci suke gudana a yankunansu.

Ra’in Bincike

Ra’in da aka yi amfani da shi wajen gudanar da wannan bincike shi ne, ra’in ‘Dangantakar Harshe da Rikici’ (Language of Violence) na Smith, Alison G. da wasu (2008), wanda Randall (2010) ya faɗaɗa. Wannan ra’i ya yi magana a kan sadarwa tsakanin ‘yan ta’adda da waɗanda ke yaƙar su. Ra’in ya bayyana cewa harshe shi ne kanwa uwar gami ga dukkan al’amurra, domin babu abin da za a aiwatar ba tare da an yi amfani da shi ba. Haka kuma, da harshe ne ake iya gane mutum ko waye da halinsa da aikinsa? Ra’in ya nuna cewa, da harshe ake amfani wajen dabarun yaƙi domin isar da saƙo da tunkarar abokan gaba. Waɗanda suka yi aiki wajen ɗabbaƙa wannan ra’in akwai: Antonio Sanfilippo da wasu (2013) da Shannon C. Houck (2013) da Lucian Gideon Corway (2017) da Richard Frank (2021) duk sun yi amfani da ra’in. Harley Mc Cullough (2022) ya yi wa ra’in kwaskwarima ta ɓangaren ta’addanci da ramuwar gayya inda ya dubi ayyukan ta’addancin da ke faruwa a sassa daban-daban na duniya, musamman yankin ƙasashen Larabawa.

Haka kuma, ana amfani da harshe wajen yayata manufar ‘yan siyasa da malaman addinai da kuma gudanar da harkokin yau da kullum. Bugu da ƙari, ra’in ya yi ƙoƙarin nazarin sadarwar ‘yan ta’adda ta ɓangarori daban-daban da sukan yi domin cimma buƙatunsu na yau da kullum. Ta hanyar la’akari da halayensu da ɗabi’unsu da lura da yadda suke gudanar da lamurransu da yanayin zamantakewarsu.. Haka ma, da nazarin yadda suke sarrafa harshe. Ra’in ya bayyana cewa, masana ba su mayar da hankali a kan abin da ya shafi harshen ta’addanci ba,shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka samar wannan ra’i. Bugu da ƙari, ra’in ya yi ƙoƙarin fito da ƙudura guda uku da mai nazarin harshen ta’addanci ya kamata ya kula da su kamar haka:

a.   La’akari da yanayi da halayyar ‘yan ta’adda a lokacin da suke sadarwa, wannan dabara tana iya taimakawa ƙwarai wajen gano ma’anar abubuwan da suke furtawa.

b.   Nazarin kalmomi da jimlolin da aka samu daga ‘yan ta’adda, domin fito da ma’anarsu ta asali da kuma sabuwar ma’ana.

c.    Kalmomin da suke furtawa su dace da nazarin da ake a kai, domin shi zai ba mai nazari damar bin diddigin kowace kalma ta fuskar ma’ana.

Daga ƙarshe, bincike ya ɗauki wannan ra’i domin amfani da shi wajen gudanar da wannan muƙala.

Ma’anar Ta’addanci?

Ta’addanci aiki ne da yake iya haifar da ayyuka masu illa da lahani da haɗari da ke iya haifar da rauni a sashen jikin mutum ko ya yi sanadiyar rasa rayuwarsa da dukiyarsa. Kasancewar ta’addanci ba sabon abu ba ne a Arewa maso yammacin Nijeriya da ma Arewacin Niyeriya. Malamai da yawa sun bayar da ma’anar ta’addanci a cikin ayyukansu wasu daga cikin ma’anonin sun haɗa da na:

Abraham (1947, p397) ya bayyana ta’addanci a harshen Ingilishi da:

 ‘Bad manner that serious misdemeanour.’

Fassarar mai bincike:

Ta’addanci yana nufin aikata wani mummunan hali da al’umma suke ƙyama.

Wannan ma’ana ta yi daidai da fahimtar abin da wannan maƙala take buƙatar fitowa da shi akan ta’addanci saboda a nan ana son a fahimci mene ne ta’addanci, kafin a kai ga nazarin ƙirƙirarrin sunaye da suka samu ta dalilin ayyukan ta’addanci a wasu yankunan Arewa maso Yammacin Nijeriya.

Ƙamusun Hausa na Jami’ar Bayaro (2006, p416) ya bayyana cewa: ‘Ta’addanci yana nufin mugun aiki, musamman na haddasa ɓarna kamar lalata abubuwa ko kisa da sauransu, don bambancin siyasa ko addini.’

Haka kuma, Atuwo (2009, p136) ya ce: ‘ta’addanci na nufin manyan miyagun ɗabi’u ko aikata miyagun ayyuka’

Idan aka yi la’akari da waɗannan ma’anoni a kan ta’addanci maƙala ta fahimci cewa, ta’addanci abu ne maras kyau a cikin al’umma. Bugu da ƙari, babu wata al’umma mai tinƙaho da shi. A ɓangaren nazarin harshe kawai ta’addanci ke da amfani ta hanyar samar da sababbin kalmomi a cikin harshe. dukkan ma’anonin da aka bayar na ta’addanci suna da alaƙa da tunanin wannan takarda, saboda binciken na son ya fito da sunayen da suka samu a dalilin ayyukan masu ta’addanci a wasu yankunan Arewa maso Yammacin Nijeriya. Wannan zai fito da yadda harshen Hausa ya samu bunƙasa ta hanyar samar da ƙirƙirarrun sunayen da ke da ma’anoni masu tayar da hankali da firgita da ban tsoro ga jama’a.

A fahimtar muƙala ta’addanci shi ne aikata wani abu na assha da gangan da ke iya haifar da rasa rayuka da dukiyoyin al’umma.

Ƙirar Kalma

Ƙirar kalma ba sabon abu ba ne ga harshe, domin shi ke nuna bunƙasa da faɗaɗa da yalwar da harshe ke samu ta hanyar samar da sababbin kalmomi. Harshen Hausa ya ƙirƙiri kalmomi da suka saje da kalmomin da yake da su domin amfanin yau da kullum. Dalilin haka, masana sun bayyana ƙirƙira da cewa:

Crystal (2008, p340) ya bayyana ƙirar kalma da cewa: ‘wani yanki ne na nahawu da ya ƙunshi yadda ake samar da kalmomi ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayar ma’ana.’

Amfani (2007, p139) ‘ƙirar kalma reshe ne na nahawu wanda yake nazarin sigogin fasalin kalmomi ta la’akari da tubalin ginin kalma da ƙwayar ma’ana’. Wanda Muhammada (2019, p5) ya fassara ya kuma yi ƙarin bayani a kai. Wannan ya nuna cewa kowace kalma tana da yadda ake ƙera ta ta dace da fasalin da ake so. Haka ma, akwai hanyoyin ƙirar kalma masu yawa da aka tanada domin samar da sababbin kalmomi a cikin harshe. Fitacci daga cikin hanyoyin ƙirar kalma su ne: Abubakar (2000, p5) ya bayyana su kamar haka: Ɗafi da ninki da harɗatawa da kwaskwarima.

Haka ma, Ndimele (2007, p94) ya bayyana wasu daga cikin hanyoyin ƙirar kalma kamar haka: (a) (Compounding) harɗantawa (b) (Borrowing) aro (c) (Clipping) gutsirewa (d) (Coinage or Neologism) kwaskwarima (e) (Conversion) sauya ajin kalma da kuma haɗe sassan kalmomi biyu su ba da ɗaya. Wannan maƙala ta dubi waɗannan hanyoyi ne da ake bi a Hausa wajen samar da sunayen ‘yan ta’adda, kuma maƙala ta gudanar da bincike a kai.

Fagge (2013) ya bayyana, tsira da kumbura da harɗantawa su ne ginshiƙan ilmin ƙirar kalma. Shi kuwa Sani (2011, p5) cewa ya yi hanyoyin samar da kalma su ne ɗafi da harɗantawa da ninki.

Bunƙasar harshe shi ke sa ya sauya, saboda yaɗuwa da yake yi a sanadiyar yawan masu magana da shi, a sakamakon wannan sai a sami sauyi da ke samar da sababbin kalmomi da sassan jimloli da jimloli a cikin harshe. Bugu da ƙari, da samar da kalmomin da aka yi wa kwaskwarima da ƙirƙira da kwaikwaya da aro daga wasu harsuna domin su dace da harshen Hausa.

Ƙirƙira da Ma’anar Sunayen Wasu ‘Yan ta’adda

Ilmin ƙirar kalma ya taka rawa matuƙa wajen samar da kalmomi a cikin harshen Hausa. Daga cikin kalmomin da aka samu akwai sunaye da ke da sigogi daban-daban da kuma ma’anoni mabambanta. Haka kuma sunayen sun bambanta wajen yanayin ƙirarsu da kuma inda suka fi dacewa su zo a wajen ginin jimla. Ga kaɗan daga cikin ma’anonin suna:

Abraham (1947,p826) ya bayyana suna da cewa: ‘Suna wani laƙabi ne da ake ba wa abu mai rai ko maras rai, wanda ake gani da ido ko wanda ba iyawa’.

Abbas (2012,p31) ya ce, ‘suna kalma ce da ake amfani da ita domin ambaton mutum ko dabba ko tsiro ko wani abu mai rai ko maras rai ta yadda za a iya bambanta shi da wani’.

A fahimtar maƙala, suna abu ne da ake laƙabawa mutum ko dabba ko wuri ko abubuwa domin bambancewa tsakanin wani abu da wani.

Harshen Hausa ya samu amfana da kalmomi da dama, musamman wajen sadarwa ta yau da kullum. A ɓangaren kalmomin da ‘yan ta’adda suke amfani da su akwai kalmomi da suka danganci ƙirƙira, a dalilin haka masana suka kawo ma’anoni daban-daban. Ga wasu daga cikinsu.

Yakasai (2005, p3) ya bayyana cewa, ‘ƙirƙira wata hanya ce da harshe ke bi wajen samar da kalmomi a cikinsa.’

Saboda haka, ƙirƙira wata hanya ce da harshen Hausa ke bi wajen samar da sababbin kalmomi a cikin rumbun kalmominsa.

A ɓangaren ma’ana ta sunayen ‘yan ta’adda za mu kalli ma’ana ta kimiyar harshe. Ana nazarin ma’ana a kimiyar harshe ne ta bisa kyakkyawan tsarin da harsuna suke kallon tsarin ma’anar kalmomi da kuma jimloli. A bisa irin wannan ne Finegan (2004, p188-217) yake cewa, ana iya nazarin ma’anar kalmomi ta fuskoki uku: (a) ma’ana ta kimiyar harshe (linguistic meaning) wadda ta ƙunshi ma’anar da kalma take nufi kai tsaye a zahiri (referential meaning) d kuma dukkan ma’anonin dake tattare cikin kalma idan aka faɗe ta (sense meaning). Haka kuma akwai (b) ma’anar dake tattare da yanayin zamantakewa (social meaning) da kuma ma’anar dake ƙunshe da manufar mai magana da abin da mai sauraro zai fahimta (affective meaning).

A wannan maƙala an mayar da hankali ga ma’ana ta kimiyar harshe ta waɗannan sunaye wadda ta ƙunshi ma’ana ta kai tsaye (referential meaning) da kuma ma’anar da duk mai sauraro zai iya bijirowa a ransa idan an ambaci kowane ɗaya daga cikin sunayen. Wannan yana nufin duk sunan da aka ambata, ma’anarsa ta kai tsaye ake nufi da shi da kuma abin da masu saurare suka fahimta.

Sunayen ‘Yan Ta’adda da aka Samar ta Hanyar Harɗantawa

An bi hanyoyi da dama wajen samar da sunayen da al’umma ke kiran ‘yan ta’adda da kuma waɗanda suke laƙabawa kansu a zantuka na yau da kullum. Daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyi akwai harɗantawa.

Ndimele (2007, p100) ya bayyana harɗantawa da:

‘compounding is a process of joining two or more formerly independent roots to form a single word.

Fassarar mai bincike: Harɗantawa wata hanya ce ta haɗa kalmomi biyu ko fiye masu zaman kansu su ba da kalma ɗaya.

A kan abin da ya shafi harɗaɗɗen suna kuwa, Galadanci (1976, p24) ya kawo rabe-raben harɗantawa zuwa gida uku: (a) harɗaɗɗen suna yana iya zuwa da suna da sifa, suna ko sifa wani ya zo daga farko. (b) harɗaɗɗen suna mai aikatau da suna, amma aikatau ya fara zuwa a farko. (c) harɗaɗɗen suna mai amsa kama, amma amsa kama ya zo farko.

Duk da cewa mafi yawan kalmomin da ‘yan ta’adda ke kiran kansu da su harɗantattu ne, maƙala ta yi ƙoƙarin fito da su a sarari. Bugu da ƙari, an yi ƙoƙarin bayyana yanayin ƙirar kalma da ajinta na nahawu da ma’anar kalmar ta asali da kuma sabuwar ma’ana. Haka kuma maƙala ta fito da dangantakar da ke tsakanin ma’anarta ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana a cikin jadawali.

SN	Suna	ƘIRAR KALMA	Ajin kalma	Tushen kalma	Sabuwar ma’ana
1	Halilu-Rocket	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+ Suna	Hausa da Ingilishi	Suna ne mai nuna firgita da ban tsoro da ake kiran wani ɗan ta’adda da shi.
2.	Mai-Solaa	Harɗaɗɗiya	Sifa	Hausa da Ingilishi	Wani ƙasaitaccen ɗan ta’adda da ba ya son fita aiki da rana. Haka kuma an tabbatar da cewa, ya fi son fita aiki a cikin dare.
3.	Doogoo-Giɗee	Harɗaɗɗiya	Sifa + Suna	Hausa da Fulfulde	Mutum dogo ɗan ta’adda da ke zaune a daji. Yana fashi da fyaɗe ga mata da kisa ga jama’a da kuma ɗaukar mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa.
4.	Shaa-ɗaarii	Harɗaɗɗiya	Aikatau+ Suna	Fulfulde	Wani ƙasurgumin ɗan ta’adda da ya addabi wani yanki a jihar Zamfara da wani yanki na jihar Kabi.
5.	Bello-Turjii	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna +aikatau	Hausa da Hausa	Ɗan ta’adda ne da ya shahara wajen satar shanu da ɗaukar mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa. Wannan shahararren ɗan ta’adda ya addabi wani yanki na jihar Zamfara da Gabacin Sakkwato.
6.	Maanu-fiyaa-fiyaa	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna + Suna	Fulfulde da Ingilishi	Ɗan ta’adda mai riƙe da bindiga yana harbin bisa mai kan uwa da wabi.
7.	Buharin-Daajii	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna + Suna	Hausa da Hausa	Ɓarawo ne da ke zaune a daji yana aiwatar da sace-sace.
8.	Kachalla-Doogoo	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna + Sifa	Kanuri da Hausa	Ɗan ta’adda mai shugabancin daba da aƙalla tana da mabiya masu ɗimbin yawa.
9.	Adoo-Aleiru	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna + Suna	Hausa da Hausa	Mashahurin ɗan ta’adda da ya addabi wani yanki na Tsafe da wani ɓangare na Katsina.
10.	Gwaska-Black	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+ sifa	Hausa da Ingilishi	Ɓarawo ne da ba ya da tsoro, su kansu ɓarayi suna shakkar sa, saboda hatsabibancinsa.

11.	Yellow-Ashaana	Harɗaɗɗiya	Sifa + Suna	Ingilishi da Hausa	Ɗan ta’adda mai ƙone gari idan aka je aikil
12.	Hassan-A-tarwatsee	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+ Harafi+ aikatau	Hausa da Hausa	Ɓarawo mai biɗar jidali da rigima kowane lokaci.
13.	Yaaran-Daajii	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+mhɗ+ Suna	Hausa da Hausa	Mutane ne da suka taru akasari a daji, mafi yawa matasa domin kai farmaki ga al’umma, da kuma awon gaba da dukiyarsu.
14.	Ɓarayin-Daajii	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+mhɗ+ Suna	Hausa da Hausa	Mutane masu sace-sace da ke zaune a cikin daji.
15.	‘Yan-Bindiga	Harɗaɗɗiya	Tsigalau + Suna	Hausa da Hausa	Ɓarayi masu satar kayayyakin mutane da kuma garkuwa da mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa.
16.	‘Yan Ta’adda	Harɗaɗɗiya	Tsig. + Suna	Hausa da Larabci	Ɓarayi masu kashe mutane da ƙone dukiyoyinsu.
17.	‘Yan-Jihaadii	Harɗaɗɗiya	Tsig. + Suna	Hausa da Larabci	Ɓarayi masu yaƙi domin neman inci, saboda suna ganin an danne masu wani haƙƙi da ya cancance su. An nome masu makiyaya, an ƙone masu gidaje. Bugu da ƙari, ana yi masu kashi gilla.
18.	Sarakunan-Daajii	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+mhɗ+suna	Hausa da Hausa	Mutanen da idan suna cikin daji ba su taɓuwa, su ke da iko.
19.	Ɓarayin-Shaanuu	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+mhɗ+suna	Hausa da Hausa	Mutane masu satar shanu.
20.	Abubakar-Buratai	Harɗaɗɗiya	Suna+suna	Hausa da Kanuri	Wani ɓarawo mai laƙabi da garin wani tsohon shugaban sojoji domin ƙwarewarsa wajen faɗa aka danganta shi garin su tsohon shugaban sojoji.

 

Sakamakon Bincike

A kowane bincike akwai buƙatar a fito da sakamakon da aka gano domin ganin an cimma burin manufar bincike ko akasin haka. Saboda haka, a wannan muƙala an gano abubuwa kamar haka:

i.        Tabbatar da sunayen ‘yan ta’adda da suka samu a dalilin ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda a bakunan waɗanda ake yi wa ayyukan ta’addanci domin sanya su a matsayin ƙari ga waɗanda ake da su a cikin harshen Hausa.

ii.      Haka kuma muƙala ta fito da wasu sunayen ‘yan ta’adda masu nuna firgita da tsoratarwa ga al’umma.

iii.   Muƙala ta fito da hanyoyin ƙirar sunayen gama-gari da ake kiran ‘Yan ta’adda da su, da kuma sunayen da suke laƙabawa kansu.

iv.   Bugu da ƙari, maƙala ta kawo ma’anar suna na asali da kuma sabuwar ma’ana ta ‘yan ta’adda.

Naɗewa

A wannan maƙala an tattauna abubuwa da dama da suka haɗa da: ma’anar ta’addanci da sunayen da ake kiran ‘Yan ta’adda da kuma laƙubban da suke kiran kansu da su. Haka kuma an yi bayanin hanyoyin ƙirar waɗannan sunaye da ajinsu na nahawu da kuma inda suka fi dacewa su zo a tsarin jimla. Bugu da ƙari, muƙala ta fito da ma’ana ta asali da sabuwar ma’ana da kuma dangantakar da ke tsakaninsu. Daga ƙarshe an fito da sakamakon bincike.

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