GOBIR TA BAWA GAMBUN HAUSA KURYA GANGAR MUTUWA

Takardar da aka gabatar domin taya Farfesa Muhammad Ahmad Sabon Birni samun kujerar Farfesa a fannin Paediatrics a Makarantar Ilmukan Kiyon Lafiya (College of  Health Science), Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato ranar Lahadi 29/1/2023 a Giginya Hotel,Sakkwato da ƙarfe 11:00am na safe

 

Aliyu Muhammad Bunza
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato
Waya: 0803 431 6508
Ƙibɗau: mabunza @yahoo.com

 Tsakure

Hausawa na cewa: “Kowane tsuntsu kukan gidansu yake yi.” Kowace irin al’umma magabatanta ke jawo mata girma ko akasinsa. Na tabbata taron ƙasa-da-ƙasa da Jami’ar Sakkwato ta yi kan Daular Gobir 2021 masana ba su raga wata babbar kafa da ɗalibai irinmu za su leƙa ba. Don haka, na ɗan hango wani bagire da ya shafi uban tafiyar kansa wato Sarkin Gobir Malam Sheikh Umar Bawa Jangwarzo. Na yi amfani da tattaunawa da Gobirawa da Fulani da Katsinawa da Kabawa, kuma na ratsi ayyuka wallafaffu da waɗanda ba a wallafa ba kan Gobir da Gobirawa da Sarkin Gobir Umar Bawa. Na amfana da ayyukan da suke cikin google na kuma ratsi kundin tarihin Daular Gobir da Jami’ar Usman Ɗanfodiyo ta wallafa (2021). Na gano ba a samu wani fitaccen aiki da aka yi a kan sunan Sarkin Gobir Malam Sheikh Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ba. Daga cikin Sarakunan Gobir fiye da (300) babu wanda sunansa ya kere na Sarki  Umar Bawa. Na yi duba cikin natsuwa kan sunan BAWA a Hausance, kana na warga ga muhallin ‘jan” launi a adabi da al’ada. Na kwakkwafe bayanina a kan kalmar “gwarzo”. Binciken an gina shi kan fasula (13) haɗa da gabatarwa da naɗewa. Nazarin ya gano sunan da sarautarsa da kasancewarsa mai martaba uku, ɗan sarauta, sarki, malami, da gawurtaccen jarumi, su suka ba shi muƙamin da ba basaraken da ke da shi a Gobir da ƙasashen da ke kewaye da ita, wato JANGWARZO. Kirarin “Gobir gidan faɗa” ta daɗe da shi, amma zamanin Sarkin Gobir Malam Umar Bawa aka yi wa kirarin ƙari da cewa: “Gobir Ta Bawa Gidan Faɗa”.Yaƙe-yaƙen Gobirawa shi ya ba su ‘yancin cin moriyar ƙasarsu ta kasance wani gambu da katangar  ƙarfe ga sauran ƙasashen Hausa. Hasashen bincikena, ina kyautata zaton ranar LARBA aka haifi Sarki Bawa, saboda sanin jumu’ar da ke albarka tun ranar Larba ake ganewa; bisa ga kirarin Bahaushe na, Larba ta Bawa ranar samu kowa ya samu gare ki, sai ya ƙara. Allah Masani.

Gabatarwa

Al’adar bincike ita ce, samar da wata ‘yar gudunmuwa ga abin da ya gabata domin ƙara rage zango. Gobirawa da tarihin kakaninsu sananne ne a adabin baka da rubuce-rubucen tarihi cikin Ibrahimiyanci (Hebrew) da Girkanci, da Larabci, da Ingilishi da sauran harsunan Afirka. Wannan takarda ɗan tsokaci za ta yi ga ɗan wani bagire da bai sha lugude sosai daga masana ba. Irin yadda Gobirawa suka mamaye duniyar baƙar fata ko’ina sun kafa sansanin gari ko tunga. Sarautunsu suka kai wuraren da faɗin ƙasarsu bai kai ba. Yaƙe-yaƙensu suka kai nesa ga kadadar ƙasashen da suke iko. Famarsu ta mamaye su nan magabatansu da mabiya bayansu a tarihi ka ce, babu wata zuriya daga cikin zuriyar mazauna Sudaniyya in ba Gobirawa ba. Babban abin mamaki sunan Sarkinsu BAWA ya mamaye tarihin sarakunan Sudaniyya, ka ce duk daulolin Sudaniyya ƙarƙashin ikon Sarki Bawa suke. Maƙasudin wannan ‘yar takarda kallon sunan sarki Bawa da abubuwan da sunansa ya ƙunsa, tare da fayyace amsa amon sunansa “JAN GWARZO” cikin biyar diddigin adabi, al’ada, da nahawu.

Fashin Baƙin Matashiya

Kalmar da ta limanci matashiyarmu ita ce “Gobir”. Masana da dama sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu a kan ta. A ganin Gobirawa daga GUBUR take wato tsohon wurin da suka baro suka yo hijira. Wasu masana na ganin daga kalmar “Kobir” ko “Kubir” ne mai ma’anar “Tagulla” (Coper). Idan ma aka ce daga kalmar “Coper” ce ta Ingilishi akwai abin cewa a ciki a nahawun tarihi. Masu danganta ta da daɗaɗɗiyar ginan nan ta Katsina wato “Gobarau” ba jifa cikin tudu suka yi ba. Na daɗe ina tunanin, anya! Hausawa ba daga bakin Adarawa ko Azbinawan Agades suka ji furucin suka ara ba? A Bahaushen tunani na tarihin tarihi ya kamata mu fara jinjina nauyin wasu kalmomi masu alaƙa da sunan irin su: Gobara, goriba, gurbi, da sauransu. Yanki na biyu shi ne, “Ta Bawa” Ba Bawa ne Sarkin Gobir na farko ba, ficensa da kere da ya yi wa sauran sarakunan Gobir aka danganta ƙasar gaba ɗaya da sunansa”.”Ta Bawa”. A nahawu, samun harafin “ta” gabanin suna yana tabbatar da kasancewar sunan na jinsin “mace” ne, ba a haɗe su da “Bawa”, in an yi sai ya ba da sunan mace “Tabawa”. A gargajiyance gambu shi ne tsaro ga gari, da gida, da ɗaki, in babu shamakin gambo babu tsaro ga muhalli. Gobir ita ce, tsaro ga ƙasar Hausa.

Daga gangan na kawo kirarin Gobirawa na fama da ake yi musu: “Kurya Gangar Mutuwa”. Kurya turun kiɗa ne da ake haɗawa da duma wajen kiɗin yaƙi da artabu da tayar da maza daga barcin raggwanci. Kurya ta fi duma murya mai shiga zuciya da yamutse rayuwa da gigita gwaraje da gawurtattu. Kurya ba ta barin maza su mazaya sai dai a mutu har liman tare da mai kiɗin da kuryarsa duka. Da wuya a ji muryar kurya babu gawa kwance domin muryarta cewa take yi:

: Komi taka zama ta zama!

: Komi taka zama ta daɗe!

Haka Gobirawa suke a fagen daga in nasara, in mutuwa. Dubi yadda askarawan Satiru na ƙasar Ɗancaɗi ta Boɗinga Gobirawa (Wazirin Boɗinga: 2023) ke atisayen yaƙi da Turawan Biritaniya a (1906) suke cewa:

Ku sa kiɗi mazaizai mu gani,

Ko can gida faɗa mun ka sani,

Ba mu san gudu ba sai dai a mutu.

 

Idan fagen artabu ya yi cin alewar kuturu, kurya ake jefawa tsakanin maƙiya mazaje su je su karɓo ta mai rabon ganin baɗi shi gani (Kwatantagora: 1999). Haka idan an rufe birni an hana abokan gaba shiga, makaɗin kurya  yake jefawa tsallaken ƙyauren ƙofar birni ta je can ta tarar da abokan gaba, su kuwa dakarun gaba sai tsallakar ƙyaure da ganuwar gari, a riski abokan gaba cikin garinsu a ce musu aljanna gafara wuta salamu alaikum. Rashin tsoron Gobirawa da mayar da mutuwa tobashiyarsu, da rungumar takaici domin kunya ta san in da dare ya yi mata, shi ya sa ake yi musu kirari da “Kurya Gangar Mutuwa”.

Gurbin Sunan “Bawa” Cikin Sunayen Hausawa

Tunanina a wannan bincike in tsaya kan sunan Sarki Bawa Jangwarzo a kadadar al’adar Bahaushe. A ƙasar Hausa, kalmar “bawa” tana da fassarori da dama. Daga cikin fassarorin akwai:

1-    Bawa daga cikin bayin sarki, ba dole sai bawa na haƙiƙa ba, a’a ha, mai cika wa sarki aiki, da ya ce, “a yi” an gama. Don haka ake ce wa “dakarun yaƙi", bayin sarki.

2-    Akwai bawa kamamme da aka rinjaya fagen artabu, ko aka sayo kasuwa, ko ya gaji bauta daga iyayensa, ko aka bautar da shi da               ƙarfi-da-yaji a ƙabilance ko a yaudarance da sunan addini.

3-    Akwai “bawan gona” wanda aka ba gona ya noma a shekara ya biya “tirkici” in ya yi dami goma ya ba da ɗaya, in ya yi ɗari ya ba da goma haka dai zuwa. A Sakkwato da Kabi ana ce da su “Runji”, muna da “Runjin Sambo” a misali.

4-    Akwai “bawan bashi” wanda ya sha ta fi cikinsa, sai a riƙe shi a matsayin bawa, ya dinga ƙwadago ga mai bashi har sai wahalarsa ta biya murgunsa.

5-    Akwai “Bawa” wanda ke bi wa mata ga haihuwa a wasu wurare a ce da shi Gambo.

6-    Akwai “Bawa” wanda aka haifa ranar “Larba” ana sa masa suna “Bawa” domin neman albarkar ranar. Magabata sun ce, an halicci kowane haske ranar Larba don haka ko karatun zaure ranar Larba ake farawa, kuma akwai kuɗin bulala da ake biya ranar kowace Larba. Dalilin Hausawa ke nan na yi mata kirari da:

Larba ta Bawa ranar samu,

Kowa ya samu gare ki sai ya ƙara.

7-    Na ƙarshe akwai laƙabin da ake yi wa yara na neman ɗaukaka irin ta “Sarki Umar Bawa Jangwarzo” kowane Bagobir na son a samu Bawa gidansa. Haka kuma kowane Bahaushe idan ya ji irin ɗaukakar Bawa da tagomashinsa yakan so ya sa wa yaronsa Bawa domin takwara ga JANGWARZO.

        A taƙaice za mu ce, Sarkin Gobir Bawa Jangwarzo sarki ne, ɗan sarki, jikan sarki, don haka hasashe da muka gabatar a lambobi na (1-4) ba za su kusace shi ba. Ala tilas yana cikin hasashe na (5-6) wanda shi ya haifar da hasashen na (7). Sunan Sarkin Gobir Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ya ɓace gaba ɗaya sai dai ka ji an ce: Bawa ko Malam Bawa ko Jangwarzo, a Jamhuriyar Nijar in ba Malam Bawa ka ce ba, ba a gane da Sarki Bawa kake domin Malami ne kuma Sarki ne gaba da baya, a ji sarki, a ga sarki. Malam Bawa ya yi tasiri sosai a ƙasar Hausa ba ma ga Gobirawa kawai ba, a’a a tarihin ƙasar Hausa. Ga wasu misalai biyu don tabbatarwa:

1-    A Sakkwato hanyar zuwa mazaunin din-din-din na Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato akwai Kantin magani gawurtacce sunansa JANGWRZO CH.

2-    A Maraɗi akwai Hotel babba sunansa JANGWARZO kundin PhD Hausa da aka fara yi a fannin waƙoƙin Addini a duniyar ƙasar Hausa, a Jami’ar SOAS Ingila, wanda Prof. M. Hisket ya yi, (1975) da aka wallafa shi, waƙar Yabon Sarkin Gobir Malam Bawa Jangwarzo aka buga a bangonsa.

Danganta Bawa da Launin “Ja” a Bahaushen Tunani

Tunanin wannan bincike feɗe tunanin Gobirawa na saka wa Sarkin Gobir Malam Umar Bawa sunan  JANGWARZO, na ga ya fi kyau mu fara da kalmar “Ja” a Bahaushen tunani. Launin “Ja” kirari ne ga zarumi saɓanin wasu launuka da ba shi ba. Me ya sa ba su ce, fari ko kore ko shuɗi da sauransu? Dalili shi ne, fari na shiga cikin yabo amma ba ya ɗaukar kirari, haka nan sauran launuka. Launin “baƙi" na ɗaukar kirari da yabo amma ba na ma’abota ɗaukaka da alfarma ba. Sauran launukan da muke da su duka ba sa ɗaukar kirari da kambama ma’abota alfarma kamar yadda “ja” yake yi a al’adance. Ma’aunin kalmar “ja” ko in ce launin “ja” a dubi ma’auninta:

1-    Ja

2-    Ja

3-    Jajaye 

4-    Jajaja 

5-    Jajircewa  

6-    Jajirtacce

7-    Jajirtattu

8-    Jajir

9-    Jajibiri

10-Jaji

-         Ai Abubakar jan namiji ne.

-         Garba ba wasa an ja ya ja.

-         Matan Buba jajaye ne.

-         Ya damu fuskarsa ta yi jajaja.

-         Mayaƙan masu jajircewa ne.

-         Bawa jajirtaccen namiji ne.

-         Dakarun jajirtattu ne ba wasa.

-         Dubi idanun mutum kamar maye jajir ba su da fari.

-         Kwananmu bakwai ranar jajibirin kokuwar muka isa.

-         Fargar jaji

     Bahaushe ya yi tunani mai zurfi wajen zaɓar launin “ja” saboda sabawarsa da ‘ya’yan ita ce da yake ganin kai matuƙa ta ninarsu ja suke yi daga cikin su akwai:

-         Kaiwa

-         Goriba

-         Giginginya

-         Tonka

-         Gauta

-         Wake

-         Gyaɗa

-         Masara

-         Yalo

-         Janzakara

      Idan aka kula, yadda duk launin “ja” ya kasance ya kai matuƙa ga nunarsu, haka nan ake ganin kirari da launin ja shi ne matuƙa ga jarumi. Dubi yadda kalmar “ja” ta yi naso a zantukan hikima da kirare-kiraren Bahaushe:

-         Jan kara jan zaƙi (in ji masu rake).

-         Jan ido alamun namiji.

-         Kowane gauta ja ne, sai in ba ji zafin rana ba.

-         Jan aiki.

-         Aiki ja.

-         Jar wuta ita ce danja.

  A tunanin waɗannan zantukan hikima da karin magana launin ‘ja’ ba ƙaramar daraja yake da ita ba, musamman a fagen yi wa gwarzo kirarin da ya dace da ƙoƙarinsa. A kowanne daga cikinsu duk irin launin da aka sa ma’anar ba ta fitowa yadda za a buƙace ta. A adabin zaruntaka na kambama gwaraje da cicciɓa su, za mu ga launin “ja” na da tasiri ciki sosai, misali a dubi waɗannan zantuka:

-         Jini da  jini, janjan (mabuɗin karafkiya a goshin yaƙi)

-         Jarƙaniya (kalmar ƙundumbala)

-         Jannasuri (Maciji gawurtacce na cikin suri)

Launin “Ja” a Tatsuniya da Wasanni

Daga cikin daɗaɗɗun adabin gargajiya akwai tatsuniya da wasannin yara. Tatsuniya da wasannin yara wasu makarantu ne da kowane ɗalibin ilmi ya kamata ya ziyarta idan yana son biyan tushen diddigin kowane irin abu da ya shafi al’adar ma’abotanta. Daga cikin tatsuniya muna da:

Ja ya faɗi, ja ya ɗauke

Giginya ta faɗi ɗan Bafulatani ya ɗauke.

          Haka kuma a cikin wasannin yara akwai wasar da ake yi:

Jagora: Jini da jini.

Amshi:  Janjan.

Jagora:  Rago da jini.

Amshi:  Janjan.

Jagora: Kifi da jini.

Amshi:  Janjan.

Jagora:  Masara da jini.

Amsa:  Yara za su yi tsit! Wanda ya ce jan jan sai duka.

Wasa ne na maza da maza, don haka aka ɗauki launin ‘ja” na jini aka sarrafa, wanda duk ya yi kuskure zai sha duka sosai ba mahani. A taƙaice, jarunta ta yi amo cikin waƙe-waƙen yara da ake sarrafa launin “ja”. Dubi wani wasa na nuna ƙwarewa ga harshe da matasa ke sarrafa launin “ja” a ciki:

Kai jan mutumin can

Ka ɗauki jar sandar can

Ka kori jar naggen can

Mai cin jar dawar can

Ta jar gonar can

Ta jan mutumin can.

 

Tabbas! jar sanda da jar nagge da jar dawa da jar gona akwai abubuwan hangowa a ciki na nagarta. Jar sanda dole ta kasance kulki. Jar nagge babu wai ga kasancewarta karsana. Jar dawa kuwa ko a magani mahaɗin maganin mazakuta ce.

Ficen “jan” Launi ga Mu’amular Tsaro da Buwaya

Gobirawa mayaƙa ne gaba da baya, kuma masana ne a kan harkokin tsaro da dabarun yaƙi. Saka launin “ja” cikin kirarin “Bawa” wani karatu ne babba. Idan muka yi nazari za mu ga cewa:

1)    Barkono ja ne, jajir da shi ga shi da tsananin yaji, hatta da tattasai da tarugu da suka zo da baya ba sa ciyuwa idanu ba su yi hawaye da ja ba. Nagartar namiji jan ido ya sa idanu kuka.

2)    Jini na kowace irin haliita “ja” ne rinjayen launinsa da an ga ya fito a kowane sashe na jikin mai rai razana za ta shiga. Da yaro da babba babu wanda jini ba ya wa barazana. Haka ake son shugaba tsakanin mabiya.

3)    Wuta, belanta da farshinta da garwashinta duk jajaye ne, kuma jajirtattu. Da mai hankali da maras hankali ba wanda wuta ba ta sa wa hankali ba. Gaskiyar Bahaushe da yake cewa, yaro bai san wuta ba sai ya dafa. Haka kuma ake da karin maganar, wuta ba ta da raggon doki.

4)    Da belar wuta, da ruɓushinta, da gaushinta duk jajaye ne. Ko a wasan maƙera takin “kunkurun tama” ƙarfen da aka saka a wuta ya yi jajir sai maƙeran da suka tambayu. Don haka “ja” a cikin suna nagarta da jarunta yake tabbatarwa.

5)    A yi duba zuwa ga bindigoginmu da sojojimu ke amfani da su, a kowace bindiga ƙarshenta daidai wurin da balbalin bala’i ke tartsatsi sukan ɗaura ɗan ƙyalle ko tsumma “ja”. A gargajiyance suturar dogarai ‘yan ƙasa na sarakunanmu “ja” ne. Haka kuma, rawunnan dogarai “ja” ne. Kuben kowane irin makamin Bahaushe za a ga “ja” ne da aka yi da jemammiyar fata “ja”. Kai! hatta da jar dawa ɓawonta “ja” ne da shi ake yin sarrafa jan launi a waƙoƙi.

  Yadda muka ga fasulan jan launi a daɗaɗɗun adabin baka haka nan adibban mawaƙa suka aro su suka sarrafa su a waƙoƙinsu a jigoginsu na yabo ta fuskar jaruntaka da ƙwazo da ƙwarjini. Ashe dai Gobirawa bisa kan hanya suke idan muka kalli yadda ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙinsu Dr. Ibrahim Abdulƙadir Maidangwale Narambaɗa ya kambama ƙwarewa da adalci da ƙwazon Alƙali Abubakar, Alƙalin Moriki a faɗarsa:

Jagora: Bilhaƙƙi amali na Jandamo,

Jagora: Abu hukumul ƙadil madhaa,

Yara   : In yai magana ta kwakkwahe.

Gindi  : Ya ɗau girma ya san yabo,

            : Mu zo mu ga Alkali Abu.

Haka za mu ga a cikin waƙoƙin Amali Sububu yana koɗa taurararonsa “Aikau Jikan Tayawa” gawurtaccen manomi da faɗar cewa:

Jagora: Ku dibi idanun mutum kamar maye.

Yara  : Jajir ba su da fari.

Gindi: Ya riƙa aiki da gaskiyar Allah,

          : Bai saba ba da zama,

          : Aikau jikan Tayawa ɗan Mamman Kunkelin fashin ƙasa.

Wannan ya tabbatar da faɗar Bahaushe na jan ido alamun namiji. Idan abu ya kankama ana saka jan launi wajen yaba shi da ɗaukaka shi. Da Shata na yabon Alhaji Garban Bici sai da ya sarrafa jan launi ga yabonsa don ya hanzarta, ya ce:

Jagora: Kaka ta yi uban Nura,

             Gyaɗa ta fara jar fata.

Gindi  : Haji Garban Bici ɗan Shehu.

A taƙaice, mai yabon mazaje jarumai ba ya da makawa ga aron fasahar Gobiawa ta sa wa Sarkin “Jangwarzo”. Bawa Ɗan’anace a waƙarsa da yabon Birgediya Hassan Usman Katsina yana cewa:

: “Dac can nag ga jan ido.”

A gai da Alhaji Aƙilu Aliyu Birnin Ƙaura Lailai Jega a cikin waƙarsa ta yabon Sojojin Nijeriya, da ta cinye gasa, a wani baiti yana cewa:

Jar wuta ita ce danja,

Jar baƙar mutuwa soja.

 Haƙiƙa sunan Sarki Malam Shekh Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ya zanu domin ya ci sunansa da sifanta shi da aka yi da “jan” launi, yanzu sai mu fayyace abin da ya biyo bayan jan launi mu gani.

Gwarzo

A mahangar Ƙamusun G.P. Bargery

An enegetic, capable worker; a man of pluck and grit.

A ma’anar “grit” Ƙamusun Ingilishi ya ce:

Courage and resolve; strength of character.

A ma’anar “pluck” Ƙamusun Ingilish ya ce:

Spirited and determiend courege.

Ke nan za mu fassara ma’anar gwarzo bisa ga waɗannan bayanai da cewa:

Nagartaccen zarumi gawurtacce mai gaba gaƙi ga abin da ya tunkara ko ya tinkaro shi mai zuciya sambai da fargaba ba ya yi mata barazana.

Kalmar “gwarzo” kalma ce ta nagara bayan an zama nagartacce a hau matsayin jaruntaka a zama jarumi. Idan jarumi ya  ƙasaita zai hau gadon gwarzantaka a kira shi “Gwarzo” kalmar “Gwarzo” a cikin waƙoƙin saraua wata babbar fitila ce cikin kalmomin yabo na waƙoƙin sarauta da yabon gwaraje, a ƙasar Hausa. Mu dubi gindin waƙar bakandamiyar Dr. Ibrahim Narambaɗa da ke cewa:

Gindi: Gwarzon Shamaki na Malam toron giwa,

          : Baban Dodo ba a tamma da batun banza.

Wannan ita ce Bakandamiyar Malamin waƙar ƙasar Hausa kuma da kalmar “gwarzo” ya yi shamaki da ita a gindin waƙarsa. Makaɗa Dandada ya yi tubali da ita a waƙarsa ta:

Gindi: Gwarzon Galadima ya ci arna,

          : Uban Yari baban Barga na farko.

Me ya sa Sarkin Gobir Bawa ya keɓanta da kalmar “Gwarzo” a cikin sarakunan ƙasar Hausa? Babban dalili shi ne, saboda kasancewarsa jarumi a fagen yaƙi bisa ga yaƙe-yaƙen da ya gwabza ƙasa Hausa.

Ƙasaitar “Jangwarzo” Cikin Gwarajen Sarakunan Sudan

Ƙasar Hausa wata irin makekiyar ƙasa ce da ta ƙunshi al’ummomi masu ɗimbin yawa. Ƙasa ce da kowane sarki da ƙarfin soje yake taƙama da ɗiyaucin kare zuriyarsa. Babu zuriya daga cikin zuriyoyin ƙasar Hausa da ke da raggon suna. Kowace ƙasa da fitaccen sarkinta take tinƙaho da bugun gaba. Ga ƙunshiyar masarautun da zuriyarsu da kakaninsu.

 

	Ƙasa	Mutanenta	Birininsu	Kakaninsu	Karin Harshensu
1.	Kano	Kanawa	Kano	Bagauda	Kananci
2.	Katsina	Katsinawa	Katsina	Katsi	Katsinanci
3.	Kabi	Kabawa	B/Kebbi/Argungu	Kanta	Kabanci
4.	Zamfara	Zamfarawa	Rawayya/Gusau	‘Yargoje	Zamfaranci
5.	Daura	Daurawa	Daura	Daurama/Bayajida	Dauranci
6.	Zazzau	Zagezagi	Zariya		Zazzaganci
7.	Gobir	Gobirawa	Sabon Birni	Jangwarzo	Gobirarci
8.	Yawuri	Yawurawa	Birnin Yauri/Yauri	Jarbana	Yawuranci
9.	Maraɗi	Maraɗawa	Maradi	Tcagarana	Maraɗanci
10.	Damagaran	Damagarawa	Zinder		Arabci
11.	Sakkwato	Sakkwatawa	Sokoto	Danfodiyo	Sakkwatanci

 

Waɗannan gundumomi da daulolin ƙasar Husa manya da ƙananan sarakunansu fitattu ne kuma shahararru a tarihi amma babu sunan da ya kai na Sarkin gobir Malam Shekh Umar Bawa Jangwarzo amo a cikinsu. Sunan Sarki Bawa da ƙasarsa wani gambu daga cikin gambunan rufe ƙofar fice da ɗaukaka a ƙasar Hausa, da an ce Gobir sunan Sarki Bawa Jangwarzo ke fara faɗowa a zuciyar mai magana da mai sauraronsa.

Kurya Gangar Mutuwa

Daulolin nan na ƙasar Hausa da muka lissafa kowannensu na da ɗan taken tarihi na jaruntaka da ake yi masa in an ambace shi. Kowane kirari ko take yana da alaƙa da tarihin ƙasar ko masarautarta ko sarakunanta ko sarkinta ko jama’ar ƙasarta. Ga ɗan abin da nake son in bayyana:

1.              Sakkwato: Birnin Shehu ta Bello mai da ƙasari zuma

2.              Kano: Jalla babbar Hausa, Kano ba gari ba dajin Allah

3.              Argungu: Na Kanta ba ku da raggo

4.              Katsina: Dakin Kara

5.              Yawuri: In ka san Yawuri ka san geshe?

6.              Gusau: Ta Sambo dandin Hausa

7.              Zazzau: Zazzau birnin ilmi na Turunku masu kaurin cinya a ba ku ci a ga aiki.

8.              Daura: Ta Abdu tushen Hausa.

9.              Maraɗi:

10.         Damagaran:

11.         Gobir: Uwar faɗa ko ta Bawa Uwar faɗa

A taƙaice babu ƙasa daga cikin ƙasashen nan (11) na Hausa da ake yi wa kirari na “faɗa/yaƙi" in ba Gobir ba. Ashe Sarkinta ya ci sunansa “Jangwarzo” domin tsakanin sarakuna (10) aka naɗa masa rawanin zama gwarzo a fagen yaƙi har ya ƙaura ba a karɓe tutar a hannunsa ba. Babu wata ƙasa ta Sudaniyya da ke tinƙaho da da dakaru da Gobir ba ta gwada tsawo da ita ba. Gobirawa ba su taɓa kunyata Jangwarzo har bayan ya ƙaura ba. Don haka mawaƙinsu ke cewa:

Jagora: Gobirawa kun sha kunun baƙar zuciya,

Yara   : Nan gidan duniya babu inda ba a ji ku ba.

Gobir Gambun Hausa

Lokacin da ƙasar Hausa take yau ciwo gobe lafiya a kan yi wa manyan birane da gururuwa ganuwa a sa ƙyaure/gambu a rufe a naɗa sarkin ƙofa. Idan an yi haka, ba shiga, ba fita sai da yardar Sarkin ƙofa. Irin haka ne Gobir ta kasance wa ƙasar Hausa. Tsoron Gobirawa da ake yi a fagen daga musamman zamanin Sarkin Gobir Malam Bawa Jangwarzo ya sa ƙasashe da yawa na jin tsoro kawo hari ƙasar Hausa. Bayan cin Alkalawa da masu jihadi suka yi 1809, Gobirawa ba su tarwatse ba, domin wasu suka koma Tcibiri, wasu suka bi Yariman Gobir Ɗanhalima suka sake kafa Sabon Birnin Ɗanhalima kusa da Kogin Bunsuru (Gobir: 2021:5). A taƙaice Gobirawa sun yaƙi Kabi a ƙarni na 18^th, Zamfara ta rushe a ƙarni na 14^th C, Katsina 1764. Don haka, da Katsina da Zamfara da Kabi sun yi wa Gobir gambu babu mai ratso su shi kai mata hari, ita kuwa ta yi musu gambu babu wanda zai tunkare ta da yaƙi, domin ya san suna tare (‘Yandaki: 2021:11). Bugu da ƙari Gobir ta gwabza da Azbin da Adar a ƙarni na 7^th C, a nan ma ta yi wa ƙasar Hausa gambu ga masu ƙetaro kashin giwa su ce su shigo ƙasar Hausa. Gobirawa suka fara kafa dangantaka mai ƙarfi da ƙasashen nesa ga ƙasar Hausa irin su Yemen, Saudi Arabiya, Egypt, Sudan da Daular Borno, a tarihin                   ƙaurace-ƙauracensu duk suna da danganta da su, wanda ya ƙara wa ganuwar ƙasar Hausa da ƙyaurenta ƙarfi sosai.

 

 

Ja da Baya ga Rago

Hausawa na cewa: “Ja da baya ga rago ba tsoro ba ne duk cikin shirin yaƙi ne.” Babu gwarzon duniya da zai bugi ƙirjin cewa ba a taɓa ribantarsa ba. Wurin da gizo ke saƙa shi ne, a karaya a gudu a tsere a yi hijira, a ce an tuba da faɗa wanda ba ya cikin kundin tarihin Gobirawa. Duk da haka, Gobirawa sun yarda da a share jini a koma wasa, sai dai ba su yarda da faɗan da ya fi ƙarfinka ka mai da shi wasa ba. Domin su a wajensu yaƙi shiga sojan Badakkare ne, in til, in ƙwal rinin mahaukaciya. Yaƙe-yaƙensu ya ba su damar wasanni tsakaninsu da Zamfarawa, Fulani, Yorubawa, Katsinawa da zumunta da Kabawa. Babu wai, zancen a mazaya a mayar da iri gida ya yi naso a yaƙin Dutsen wake a ƙasar Kiyawa (Ibrahim: 2021:343) da yaƙin Ɗanƙasawa zamanin Ummaru Dallaje (1807-1835) Gobir agaji ta bayar da yaƙin ci-kaji (1978) zamanin Sarkin Gobir Ibrahim Shawai, agaji Gobir ta kai. Ga al’adar faɗa da yaƙi da jihadi, yaudara da salon ja da baya a sake shiri ba kasawa ba ne, cikin dabarun fama ne da suke shiri.

Sakamakon Bincike

Tunanin wannan bincike shi ne duba zuwa ga jagoran Gobirawa da ya fi kowane sarki daga cikin sarakunan Gobir fice da kere ga suna. Abu na farko da na gano, Sarki Umaru Bawa Jangwarzo martaba uku yake da su da suka zama tsani ga ɗaukakarsa. Na farko Basarake ne gaba da baya. Na biyu, Malamin addini ne, ko an ƙi a faɗa don hasada. Na uku jarumi ne, jarumi uban gidan jarumai don haka aka ba shi laƙabin JANGWARZO. Irin tsayin dakar da Sarkin Gobir Malam Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ya yi na hanawa magabta ratsa ƙasarsa, da yi mata gambu da ƙasashen da ya yaƙa, da hana ta miƙa wuya da kasancewa ƙarƙashin kowace irin daula ta kowace irin jinsin mutane ƙarƙashin kowane irin salo shi ne musabbabin haɗin kan Gobirawa da ƙasaitarsu a farfajiyar Sudaniyya. Sarki Bawa ya tsare wa Gobirawa ƙasarsu, tarihinsu, addininsu, al’adunsu, da ɗiyaucinsu, ya girka wa Gobirawa kishin ƙasarsu a zukatansu wanda ya hana wa Gobirawa ɗaga hamata ga kowace ƙabila da ke son ta yi musu shigar kutse. Na dai tabbata sunan JANGWARZO ya cancanci Bawa domin ya mayar da ragon suna.

Naɗewa

Daga cikin zuriyar Hausawa da ke zaune a ƙasar Hausa babu zuriyar da ta fi ta Gobirawa haɗin kai. Babu wani lungu daga cikin lungunan ƙasarmu Nijeriya da Gobirawa ba su yi sansani ba. A cikin Afirka ta Yamma sun barbazu sosai da sana’o’i daban-daban. Gobirawa na daga cikin zuriyar Hausawa da suka kiyaye dangin jininsu da sarautunsu da kadadar ƙasarsu. Tsagar fuskarsu ta daban ce, ba a yin ta ga duk wanda ba ga uba ya gaji Gobarci ba, kuma ba su yarda da aron tsagar fuskar kowa ba. Biyayyarsu ga shugabanci da gabaci ya sa, har gobe ba su daina yi wa ‘ya’yansu laƙabi da sunan Sarkin Gobir Malam Bawa Jangwarzo ba. Haka kuma babu basaraken da ya ari sunan “Jangwarzo” har yau. Abin ban sha’awa na taɓa tambayar wani bakaniken motoci marsandi a Buzaye mai suna Aliyu ma’anar Lambar SBN (Sabon Birni) ya ce: S. Shehu, B. Bello, N. Nana Asma’u. Allahu akbar! A share jini a koma wasa, lallai sarkin Gobir Shekh Malam Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ya ci sunan SARKI ba Sarkin ƙaƙe ba.

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