Matsayin Zogale a Idon Duniya

An Ciro Daga: Bakura, A.R., & Sani, A-U. (2026). Zogale a ƙasar Hausa: Magani, abinci, tattalin arziki. SAS Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-63958-1-4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22682300

 Na

Adamu Rabi’u Bakura

Da

Abu-Ubaida Sani

1.3 Zogale a Idon Duniya

Itaciyar zogale ta shahara a ƙasashen Afirika, musamman ma a ƙauyuka. Masana ilimin kimiyyar tsirrai sun kira zogale da suna moringa. A ƙasashe da dama, da wannan sunan aka san ta.

Masu magungunan gargajiya sun jima suna sarrafa ta wajen warkar da cututtuka da kuma matsayin abinci mai gina jiki. Bayyanar nazarin ilimin kimiyya da bunƙasarsa ya wanzar da bincike game da zogale a sassa daban-daban na duniya ciki kuwa har da Nijeriya. Sakamakon binciken ne ya haifar da gano kimar ta, a matsayin magani da abinci da kuma abin sarrafawa a masana’antu. A halin da ake ciki ana nomanta a nahiyoyi daban-daban kamar Afirika da Amerika ta Kudu da Amerika Ta Tsakiya da kuma ƙasashen Sirilanka da Indiya da Mexico da Malesiya da Filipin. Zogale tana da saurin girma da jure wa fari. Tana yi a wurare masu yalwatattun ruwan sama da kuma ƙarancinsu, kazalika kuma da yankuna masu zafi har ma da wuraren da babu ingantacciyar ƙasar noma. Tana ɗaya daga cikin itatuwa da aka fi sanin ta da yawan amfani a duk faɗin duniya. Kusan komai na jikinta yana da amfani. Babu wani abun yasarwa a jikinta.

Ƙasar Indiya ta zarce kowace ƙasa a duniya a fagen noman zogale. Ana noma kadada 38, 000, inda ake samar da ɗanyen kwanson zogale mai nauyin ton miliyan ɗaya da dubu ɗari ɗaya zuwa ɗari uku (1, 100, 000 – 1, 300, 000) a duk shekara.

An kafa babbar cibiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke gudanar da nazarin kayan lambuna, domin rage talauci da ƙarancin rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki a ƙasashe masu tasowa ta hanyar inganta hanyoyin samar da kayan lambu tare da sahihiyar hanyar amfani da su. Daga cikin ayyukkan wannan cibiya sun haɗa da binciken itaciyar zogale.

Ana cin ganyen zogale da kwansonta da aka ɗebo tun yana da taushi. A ƙasar Indiya kuwa ana haɗa kwanson (ɓawon ‘ya’yan zogale) da wasu kayan lambu a yi salad da su. Ana cin ɗanyen kwanson ko kuma bayan an dafa shi.

A ƙasashe daban-daban ana magani da ganyen zogale da ɓawonta da saiwarta da furenta da kuma ‘ya’yanta. Amfaninta bai taƙaita ga ci da yin maganin gargajiya kawai ba. Sakamakon muhimmin sinadarin da yake ƙunshe cikinta, ana safarar ta zuwa ƙasashen ƙetare domin sayarwa. Kwansonta yana ƙunshe da sinadari kamar PENICILLIN masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ake kira ANTIBIOTICS. Wannan ne ya sa ƙasashe kamar Ingila da Japan da Kanada da wasu ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya suke buƙatar ta sosai. Tun fiye da shekara goma da suka shuɗe, wani kamfanin ƙasar Indiya da ake kira da suna: “DRUM STICK INDIA’ yake safarar kayan da aka sarrafa da zogale. Kamfanin ya shahara da yin hulɗa da kamfanoni da hukumomin aikin gona da na kayan abinci da na magunguna da kuma kamfunnan kayan kwalliya (ado).

Fiye da shekara arba’in (40) da suka shuɗe, Hukumar Lafiya Ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi amfani da itaciyar zogale wajen kyautata lafiyar al’umma a ƙasashen da talauci ya yi wa katutu. Masana sun tabbatar da cewa an ɓoye itaciyar zogale ne, domin ɗimbin ribar da ake samu daga gare ta, ta hanyar sarrafa ta ta fuskar magunguna da kayayyakin kyautata lafiya dangin bitamin (vitamins) da gishirin ma’adanai mai kare lafiyar jiki (mineral salts). Wannan ne ya sa manyan kamfanonin magunguna ba kasafai suke son bayyana sinadarin da suke yin magunguna da shi ba, da kuma nau’o’in tsirran da suke tatso sinadiran.

A nahiyar Afirika kuwa, hukumomi da cibiyoyin nazari da bincike sun duƙufa haiƙan wajen nazarin itaciyar zogale (moringa). Dr. Nworo A. Ozumsa da ke Sashen Nazarin Ƙwayoyin Cututtuka Na Jami’ar Nmandi Azikiwe, Akwa, ya gudanar da wani bincike a kan zogale, ga abin da ya ce: “Haƙiƙa, a ƙididdigar baya-bayan nan da na aiwatar, na fahimci zogale yana maganin cututtuka kimanin tamanin da ɗaya (81). Tana ma iya warkar da kusan dukkan cututtukan da suke addabar jikin ɗan’adam. A can baya, mu masana kimiyyar zamani mun sha faman sukar masu magungunan gargajiya da suke cewa, magani ɗaya yana warkar da cututtuka ashirin (20). Yanzu kuwa, a ilmance mun gano gaskiyar lamarin, domin an fahimci ganyen zogale yana iya warkar da cututtuka masu yawan gaske. Ganyen zogale yana maganin ciwon suga da zazzaɓin cizon sauro da rashin isasshen barci da dai sauran su.

Shi kuwa Dr. Ozumba, wanda ya shekara goma sha ɗaya (11) yana nazarin itaciyar zogale. Ya bayyana cewa: “Tun da na gane sirrin da yake ƙunshe cikin wannan itaciyar ban sake amfani da maganin ƙarin gishirin ma’adanai da jiki ke buƙata (miniral salts) irin wanda kamfanonin magunguna suke sarrafawa ba. Sakamakon aikinsa bai kai ingancin wanda yake ƙunshe a cikin zogale ba. Masanin ya ƙara da cewa: A matsayinmu na masana masu bincike, nauyin da ya rataya a wuyanmu shi ne, mu yi azamar bunƙasa itaciyar zogale domin sarrafawa a masana’antu. Kuma mu yi ƙoƙarin ƙara mata kima.

Dr. I. M. Bugaje cewa ya yi: “Amfanin zogale bai taƙaita ga fannin abinci ba, domin tana tace ruwa. Idan aka fitar da mai da sauran sinadaran da ake buƙata, tunkuzar ‘ya’yan zogale tana iya tace ruwan sha da kawar da ƙwayoyin halitta (bacteria) masu haifar da cututtuka.” Ya ƙara jaddada cewa: “Muna iya tace ruwa ta amfani da ‘ya’yan zogale a maimakon alam (alib ko alimu) wanda Nijeriya take kashe biliyoyin daloli domin sayo shi daga ƙasashen waje. Bugu da ƙari, zogale ba ta da wata illa a jikin bil-Adam, don haka tana nan bisa yanayinta na ɗabi’a, alhali kuwa an san cewa alam na haifar da cututtuka da dama wanda ya haɗa har da gurɓacewar jini.

Babban Daraktan Kamfanin AVUCO Nigeria Limited Yohanna Dami cewa ya yi: “Zogale tana maganin hawan jini da zazzaɓin cizon sauro da ciwon suga tare da sauƙaƙe zafin zazzaɓin da masu ciwon ƙanjamau suke fama da shi. Su ma ‘ya’yan zogale suna da mai (oil) mai daraja da ake sayarwa a kan dalar Amirka goma ($10) kowace lita ɗaya a kasuwar duniya,” kamar yadda Bakura da wasu (2019 sh. 52) suka kawo bayanin.

Shi ma Babban Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike da Bunƙasa Kayan Sarrafawa A Masana’antu (Raw Materials Research and Development Council RMRDC), Farfesa Peter A. Onuwalu cewa ya yi: “Itaciyar zogale za ta taimaka wajen samar da man abinci tare da sauran tsirrai masu samar da mai. A lokaci ɗaya noman zogale da sarrafa ta zai kawo mafita ga matsalar bayar da guraben aikin yi da kuɗaɗen shiga tare da kyautata lafiyar al’umma ta hanyar samar da tsabtataccen ruwan sha”.

Yayin da Farfesa Charles Wambede yake nasa bayani cewa ya yi: “Itaciyar zogale tana ƙunshe da wasu fa’idoji kamar haka:

a. Ganyen zogale yana ƙara ƙarfin garkuwar jiki.

b. Tana ƙara kuzari.

c. Tana taimakawa wajen zagayawar jini da bugawarsa.

d. Tana taimaka wa aikin ƙoda da hanta.

e. Tana maganin gyambon ciki da sauransu

Masanin ya ƙara da cewa, ganyen zogale yana ƙunshe da nau’o’in sinadarai masu yawa kamar haka:

a. Ninki bakwai (7) na bitamin SI (c) fiye da wanda yake cikin lemo.

b. Ninki huɗu (4) na sinadarin kalsiyam, fiye da wanda yake cikin madara.

c. Ninki huɗu (4) na bitamin E (A) fiye da wanda yake cikin karas.

d. Ninki biyu (2) na furatanin fiye da wanda yake cikin madara.

e. Ninki uku (3) na sinadarin potassium fiye da wanda yake cikin ayaba.

Ya kuma nuna cewa ‘ya’yan zogale suna ƙunshe da mai (oil) wanda yawansa ya kai kimanin kashi 38 zuwa 40 bisa ɗari (38-40%). Wannan man yana ɗauke da sifofi irin na man zaitun wanda ya shahara wajen daraja. Zogale za ta taimaka wajen magance ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Nomanta zai samar da aikin yi da hajar sarrafawa a masana’antu, wanda zai taimaka matuƙa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arziki da rage talauci a ƙasashe masu tasowa.