Nazarin Tsarin Sautin Wasu Kalmomin Hausa na Aro a Harshen Bade

Citation: Babangida, A and Darma, A. Y. (2025). “Nazarin Tsarin Sautin wasu Kalmomin Hausa na Aro a Harshen Bade” in Ɗunɗaye Journal of Hausa Studies, Vol. 03, No. 02, Pp. 104 – 112. www.doi.org/10.36349/djhs.2025.v03i02.013.

NAZARIN TSARIN SAUTIN WASU KALMOMIN HAUSA NA ARO A HARSHEN BADE

Abubakar Babangida

Department of Hausa Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State

and

Abdullahi Yakubu Darma

Department of Hausa, Isa Kaita College of Education, Dutsin Ma, Katsina State

Tsakure:

A duk lokacin da mutane suka haɗu wuri guda da nufin cuɗanya/mu’amala. Ya zama tilas su yi amfani da harshe domin cim ma wata manufa ta rayuwa. Zaɓan harshe hulɗa yayin cuɗanya ko mu’amala kuwa tilas ne. Are-aren kalmomi a wannan yanayin ya zama wajibi ya bayyana. Musammam ma daga harshen da aka zaɓa a matsayin harshen hulɗa. Takardar ta fito da yadda harshen Hausa ya yi tasiri a kan harshen Bade har ta kai ga yana aron kalmomi daga Hausa. Sakamakon bincike ya bayyana yadda kalmomin Hausa na aro ta fuskar tsarin sauti, ke taka rawa a harshen Bade. Ga misali ganɗantaccen bahanɗe a Hausa na canjawa ya koma baganɗe a sanadiyar aro a harshen Bade. Kazalika aron na haifar da bahanƙe marar ziza yana komawa bahanƙe mai ziza musamman a tsakiyar kalma. Har ila yau, ana samun shafe wasali a ƙarshen kalmar Hausa idan an are ta a harshen Bade. Ga misali Kalmar mizani a daidaitacciyar Hausa tana komawa mizan a furucin Badawa a sanadiyar aro. Haka kalmarhankali a Hausa tana komawa hankal a furucin Badawa. Tambayoyi da hirarraki a tsakanin mutanen Gashuwa da lura a fakaice na daga cikin hanyoyin da aka bi domin tattara bayanan wannan nazari. Aikin an ɗora sa a kan Ra’in Cuɗanya (Contact Theory) da na Rarrabewar Sauti (Distinctiɓe Features Theory) na Chomsky da Hally domin fito da manufar binciken a sarari. Ana sa ran nazarin zai zamo alfanu ga manazarta walwalar harshe da sauran rassan harshen a jumlace. 

Gabatarwa

Aron kalma ko kalmomi tsakanin harsuna, na wakana a lokacin cuɗanya ko mu’amala. A irin wannan yanayin, dole ne a samu harshe mafi taasiri a matsayin harshren hulɗa. Saboda haka ya zama wajibi sauran harsuna su yi aro daga gare shi. Tsarin sauti kuwamna nufin yadda ake furta sautuka a wurin magana. Kuma kowane harshe a duniya yana da nasa irin tsarin sautin . Misali kowane baƙi da wasali da yadda ake furta sautukansa a harshe. Kamar furucin /b/ leɓen ƙasa da na sama ne ke haɗuwa kafin a furta wannan sautin dai-dai.

Sani (1999:1) cewa ya yi, “tsarin sauti yana ɗaya daga cikin fannoni daban-daban da suka danganci kimiyar harshe. Ya ci gaba da cewa, tsarin sauti ya shafi yadda harshe ke harhaɗa sautukansa bisa ƙa’ida ya samar da ma’ana.  Shi kuwa Fage (2012:11) cewa ya yi, “tasrin sauti yana ɗaya daga cikin rassan kimiyar harshe yana kuma damfare da sarrafa harshe da furta sautuka ta hanyoyi mabambanta cikin harshe.”

Cuɗanya/mu’amala kuwa dandazo ne ko gamayyar mutane majiya harsuna guda ko akasin haka. Saboda haka, cuɗanya idan ta wakana a tsakamin mutane majiya harsuna daban-daban, ya zama wajibi a samu aron kalmomi a tsakaninsu. Wannan aikin zai bayyana Kalmomin Hausa na aro ne a harshen Bade ta fuskar tsarin sauti.Da yadda ake samun bambance-bambance idan aka kwatanta da daidaitacciyar Hausa.Saboda haka nazarin ya ƙudiri fito da kalmomin domin tattaunawa.

Ma’anar Aro da Ire-irensa

Aro na nufin wani harshe ya ari kalmomi a wurin wani harshen da yake yin mu’amala da shi. Kamar yadda aka sani ne,aro na kasancewa ne a sanadiyar cuɗanya tsakanin harsuna mabambanta. Ya zama wajibi yayin cuɗanya wani harshe ya ci karo da sabbin abubuwa da ba shi da su. A wannan yanayin aro ya zama wajibi.

Salim (1981) ya fito da ire-iren aro kamar yadda yake cewa akwai aron kalma miƙaƙƙe  (ɓertical borrowing) aro ne da harsuna ko kare-karen harsuna ke aron kalmomi daga harshe bayarwa (source language) zuwa harshen karɓa (receptor language). Kuma ana amfani da kalmomin a harkar kasuwanci da siyasa da sauran al’amuran rayuwa fiye da kalmomin asalin harsunan.

Wani aron kuma shi ne, aro kaikaice (horizontal borrowing) irin wannan aron idan an ari kalmar a harshe bayarwa ko Karin harshe. Ba a amfani da kalmar sosai a harkar kasuwanci da siyasa da sauran al’amuran rayuwa yau da kullum sama da kalmomin asali.

Harshe Da Cuɗanya/Mu’amala

Ɗantimbishi (2013:11) ya bayyana harshe da cewa, “hanya ce ta sadarwa tsakanin al’umma. Saboda haka, alumma kan biya buƙatunsu wanda zai iya kasancewa a rubuce ko a magance ko harkar kasuwanci ko neman ilimi.” Yakasai (2012:ɗiɓ) ƙarin haske ya yi inda yake cewa,  “harshe kafa ce ta sadarwa cikin zamantakewa.” Wato idan aka yi amfani da harshe a wurin sadarwa, tabbas za a samu yana damfare da al’adu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sai dai Denharm da Lebock (2013) cewa suka yi, “harshe abu ne rayayye idan aka yi la’akari da yadda muke Magana ko furuci a tsakaninmu da kuma yadda yake haɓaka. Duk da ba kowa ba ne yake yin amfani da shi. Wannan ya yi dai-dai da abin da Yakasai (2012) yake cewa:

“Baiwar da ɗan adam yake da ita ta amfani da harshe, ita ce babban abin da ya bambanta shi da dukkan halittu. Har ya fifita shi bisa kansu. Ko da yake dabbobi ma suna da tunani irin nasu. Wanda suke bayyana wa  cikin hanyar sadarwa iri daban-daban. Babu wata dabba  da take da hanyar  sadarwa irin  wadda ɗan adam yake amfani da ita wato harshe. (Yakasai, 2021:2).” 

A ƙamusun Hausa (2006).An bayyana mu’amala da cewa, “gudanaar da wata harka da wani. Shi kuwa Gazali (2015) ƙarin haske ya yi, da yake bayani a kan cuɗanyar Hausawa da Barebari. Ga yadda yake cewa, “cuɗanya za ta iya kasance a harkar kasuwanci ko neman ilimi ko addini.Za mu iya cewa, cuɗanya/mu’amala dandazon jama’a ne suke haɗuwa wuri guda. Ya Allah ƙabila guda ko kuma ƙabilu mabambanta. Domin cim ma manufa ta wani ɓangaren rayuwa.A irin wannan yanayi kuwa, kamar yadda aka faɗa a baya. Zaɓen harshen hulɗa a cikin ‘yan tsirarun ƙabilu ya zama dole. Ga misali a Nijerya muna da harsuna masu tarin yawa. Saboda haka ya zama tilas lokacin mu’amala a haɗu wuri guda. Ta wannan dalili ya zama wajibi a samu wani harshe da zai yi tasiri bisa wani.Har ta kai ga samun aron kalmomi.Cuɗanya/mu’amala za ta iya kasancewa doguwa  mai ɗorewa.Ko kuma ta zama gajera  marar ɗorewa.

Harshen Hausa shi ne harshen da aka zaɓa a matsayin harshen hulɗa a garin Gashuwa.  Saboda ya yi tasiri a tsakanin harsunan mutanen ƙasar Bade. A ɓangaren siyasa da shari’a da kasuwanci da ilimi da Hausa ake mu’amala a tsakanin mutanen wurin mai ɗauke da ƙabilu mabambanta da ruwa da kuma ƙasar noma. Saboda haka ta tabbata cewar, yayin cuɗanya/mu’amala dole a samu kalmomin aro a tsakanin harsunan da suke rayuwa a wannan babbar ƙasa (Bade).

Dabarar Zaɓin Yawan Mutane

A wannan mataki, an yi amfani da zaɓin na Kan Mai Uwa Da Wabi. Zaɓi ne na barkatai da ya shafi tsinta ko ɗauki ɗaiɗai na mutanen da za a yi nazari a kansu. Yana kuma kasancewa zaɓi bisatsarin matsayi. Za a tattauna da wakilan mutane na rukuni-rukunin al’umma. Dakuma matsayi da jinsi da ilimi da tattalin arziƙi da shekaru da sauransu.

Hanyoyin Gudanar Da Bincike

A ƙoƙarin tattara bayanan binciken, an yi tambayoyi a tsakanin mutanen garin Gashuwa; domin kiyaye abin da Bahaushe ke cewa, da ɗan gari akan ci gari. Tattaunawar ta haɗa da matasa maza da ‘yan mata da tsoffi maza da mata. Kazalika an tattauna da masu ruwa da tsaki na harshen Bade. Wato Badawa manzarta harshe .Sai kuma lura a fakaice a matsayin wata hanyar ta tattara bayanai.Wato lura ba tareda shiga cikin zantukan mutane ba.Ma’ana ba za a takurawa mutane ba.Ba za a dame suba.Sai kuma karance-karancen littatafai da ziyartar ɗakunan karatu.Duk domin ganin an cim ma manufar nazarin. Binciken ya iyakance kalmomin Hausa na aro ne a harshen Bade ta fuskar tsarin sauti.

Ra’in Bincike

An ɗora wannan binciken ne bisa Ra’in cuɗanya. (Contact Theory) na Uriel Weinreich (1953) shi ne ya bayyana Ra’in a kan harshen nan na nahiyar Turai wato Norwegian a Amurka. Daga cikin ƙudurorin Ra’in, akwai cuɗanyar harsuna daga sassa daban-daban wanda hakan kan haifar da tasirin harsuna bisa juna. Ko kuma wani harshe, ya yi tasiri bisa wani ko wasu.A sanadiyar haka, sai a samu aron kalmomi a tsakanin harsuna. Manazarcin, ya ci gaba da bayyana ƙudurorin Ra’in kamar yadda yake cewa, cuɗanyar na samar da yin amfani da “Creole” da kuma Buroka a tsakanin al’ummu masu ma’amala, kuma majiya harsuna daban-daban. Har ila yau, daga cikin ƙudurorin Ra’in akwai hargitsa balle, wato sirka kalmomin wani harshe a cikin wani domin isar da saƙo. Ya kafa hujja da harshen Chana da na Japan. Inda ake sirka kalmomin harshen Chana a cikin harshen Japan a lokutan cuɗanya.

Manazarta na farko-farko, da suka ɗaɓbaka wannan ra’in na cuɗanyarharsuna. Akwai Haugen (1972) da Wardhaugh (1972) duk sun yi bayanin yadda harsuna ke cuɗanya da junansu ta hanyoyi mabambanta. A duk lokacin da aka samu cuɗayar harsuna daban-daban a wuri guda, tabbas za a sami aron kalmomi da kuma bunƙasar harshe. Mutuƙar idan baƙon harshe da ya bayyana a wuri, yana ɗauke da abubuwan da ke haifar da bunƙasar harshe. Za a tarar ya yi tasiri bisa harsunan da ya iske a wurin.Kuma suna aron kalmomi daga gare shi.

Wannan Ra’in shi ne wanda Yakasai (1999) ya yi amfani da shi a binciken da ya yi. Ya bayyana yadda cuɗanya ta wakana tsakanin harsuna daban-daban a kan iyakar Ƙonni da Illela.

Sai kuma Ra’in Rarrabewar Sauti na Chomsky da Hally sun yi amfani da alamar Tarawa (+) da kuma alamar ɗebewa (-) domin bambanta sautika a aikinsu da suka yi wa laƙabi da SPE. Wannan binciken kuwa, zai bayyana yadda cuɗanya ta wakana tsakani Husawa da Badawa a garin Gashuwa. A sanadiyar haka ne, harshen Hausa ya yi tasiri bisa harsunan wurin. Har ya zamo harshen hulɗa mutanen garin. Hakan ne ya haifar da samuwar kalmomi Hausa na aro a harshen Bade, ta fuskar tsarin sauti.  

Bayanin Takarda/Nazari

Kamar yadda aka sani ne, Gashuwa gari ne mai ɗauke da ƙabilu daban-daban daga sassan wannan ƙasar. Harshen Hausa, shi ne harshen da ake amfani da shi a matsayin harshen sadarwa al’umar garin; a tsakanin majiya harsuna mabambanta. Da yake Badawa ne masu garin, dangantaka tsakaninsu da Hausawa ta jima mutuƙa. Sun yi cuɗanya da Hausawa a wajen ƙasar Bade kamar Katsina da Abunabo da Madamuwa da Guri da Birniwa duk a jihar Jigawa. Da kuma ƙasar Kano.Cuɗanyarda ta wakana tsakanin al’umomin biyu a garin Gashuwa.Ita ce babbar sila da ta sa ake samun kalmomin Hausa na aro ta fuskar tsarin sauti a harshen Bade. Saboda haka wannan takarda ta neman shawarwari, ta ƙudiri fito da waɗannan kalmomin domin tattaunawa kamar haka:

Ziza

Wannan wani yanayi ne da ake furta sautuka tare da kaɗawar tantanin maƙwallato. Saboda haka, duk sautin da aka furta a wannan yanayin mai ziza ne. Hartman da Stock (1979) sun bayyana ziza da cewa, “yanayi ne da tantanin maƙwallato ke kaɗawa yayin furta sauti. Shi kuwa Crystal (2008) cewa ya yi, “wannan ya jiɓanci furta sauti.Wanda yayin furucin tantanin maƙwallato ke kaɗawa.”

Wannan yanayin na kasancewa a furucin wasu sautukan kalmomin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade. Maimakon a furta sauti marar ziza.A sanadiyar haka sai a furta sauti mai ziza a madadinsa.Ga misali:

/s/     [z]

Hausa	Bade
Múusáa /mú:sa:/	Múuzáa [mú:zæ:]
Kàskáa /kaska:/	Kàzkáa [kazka:]
Fánsáa /fansa:/	Fánzáa [panza:]
Wáasáa /wa:sa:/	Wáazáa [wa:za:]
kàskóo /kasko:/	kàzkóo [kazko:]

Idan aka lura da misalan da aka bayar a sama. Za a ga cewar, sautin /s/ a harshen Hausa sauti ne marar ziza. Saboda haka maƙwallato na buɗewa lokacin furta shi. Sai iska ta fice daga huhu salin alin ba tare da ziza ba.  Da zarar an ari kalmar a harshen Bade kuwa, sai a furta [z] musammam ma a tsakiyar kalma. A lokacin lokacin furta sautin [z] a harshe Bade kuwa, maƙwallato kan tsukewa sai iskar ta yi amfani da ƙarfin tuwo kafin ta fice tare da ziza.     

Ga yadda dokar za ta kasance kamar haka:

Bahanƙe marar ziza yana komawa bahanƙe mai ziza a tsakanin wasula guda biyu.

Bahanƙe

Ana furta sautuka ‘yan hanƙa ne lokacin da tsinin harshe (wanda mafurta ne me motsi) ya tunkari hanƙa (mafurta marar motsi) ko ya haɗe da ita. Crystal (1998) yana da tabbacin cewa,bahanƙe yana cikin rabe-raben baƙaƙe a gurbin furuci. Gamayya ce ta tsinin harshe da kuma hanƙa a wuri guda.

A furucin sautukan wasu kalmomin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade, lamarin na canjawa. Domin bahanƙe tunkuɗau mai ziza /s’/ a daidaitacciyar Hausa yana taka rawar bahanƙe zuzau marar ziza da zarar an are shi a harshen Bade. Ga misali:

/s’/          [s]

Hausa	Bade
Tsáamíi /s’a:mi:/	sáamíi [sæ:mi:]
Tsányàa /s’anja/	sányàa [sanja]
Tsínkèe /s’inke:/	sínkèe [sinke:]
Tsámíyáa /s’amija:/	sámíyáa [samija:]
Tsóhúwáa /s’ohuwa:/	sóhúwáa [sohuwa:]

A waɗannan misalan na sama kuwa, za a ga cewa bahanƙe tukuɗau mai ziza lokacin furuci, yana taka rawar bahanƙe zuzau marar ziza a farkon kalma. Idan aka are ta a harshen Bade.

Ga yadda dokar take kasancewa:

Bahanƙe mai ziza yana sauyawa zuwa ga hanaƙe marar ziza a farkon kalma

Ganɗantaccen bahanɗe

Wannan wani yanayi ne da gaban harshe yake haɗuwa da ganɗa ko kuma ya kusance ta. Nan take batare da ɓata lokaci ba, sai doron harshe ya tunkari hanɗa ko ya haɗe da ita. Misali /kj/ /gj/ da sauransu. Crystal (1998) ya bayyna ganɗantaccen bahanɗe da cewa, sauti ne na furuci wanda ke tattare da motsin harshe  har sau biyu a tsakanin ganɗa  da kuma hanɗa.

Ganɗantaccen bahanɗe mai ziza /gj/ yana canjawa ya koma baganɗe mai ziza [ʤ] a furucin kalmomin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade.  Ga misali:

Hausa	Bade
Gyáarèe /gja:re:/	jáarèe [ʤa:re:]
Gyáaráa /gja:ræ:/	jáaráa [ʤara:]
Gyángyáɗìi /gjangjaɗi:/	ángyáɗìi [ʤaŋʤaɗi:]
Gyáartái /gjartai/	jáartái [ʤa:rtai]

Ganɗantaccen bahanɗe mai ziza wanda lokacin furta shi mafurta mai motsi guda biyu da marasa motsi ke tunkarar juna nan take ko su haɗe da juna. A misalan da aka zayyano a sama ƙarƙashin rkunin Bade ya nuna lamarin na canjawa a farkon kalma ya zuwa baganɗe idan aka ari kalmar a harshen Bade.

Ga yadda dokar take kasancewa kamar haka:   

Ganɗantaccen bahanɗe mai ziza yana komawa baganɗe a farkon kalma.

Nason Baƙi Ɗan Hanci

Wannan yanayi ne da bahanƙe ɗan hanci mai ziza/n/ ke canjawa ya koma bahanɗe ɗan hanci mai ziza [ŋ] idan ya gabaci ‘yan bahanɗe /k/ ko /g/.Hartman da Stock (1973) suna da tabbacin cewa sauti ne ɗan hanci da yake sauyawa zuwa ga wani sautin baƙin.Shi kuwa Muhammad (2000:137) ƙarin haske yayi inda yake cewa, “yanayi ne da baƙi ɗan hanci yake canjawa.” Sai dai Sani (2012) ya fito da lamarin sarari inda yake cewa, “naso ne da baƙi ɗan hanci ke sauyawa da wani baƙin da ke kusa da shi.”

A kalmomin Hausa naaro a harshen Bade, bahanƙe ɗan hanci /n/ ba ya canjawa ya koma [ŋ] ko da ya gabaci /k/ ko /g/ ɗin. Yana tsayawa a yadda yake.Ga misali:

Hausa	Bade
Dàngáa /daŋgæ:/	dàngáa [dænga:]
Sánƙóo /saŋƙo:/	sánƙóo [sænƙo:]
Bàngóo /baŋgo:/	bàngóo [bango:]
Gàngáa /gaŋga:/	gàngáa [ganga:]
Dànƙóo /daŋƙo:/	dànƙóo [dænƙo:]

Misalan da aka bayar a sama sun tabbatar da cewar, bahanƙe ɗan hanci kan nashewa ya koma bahanɗe ɗan hanci idan ya gabaci ‘yn ahanɗe /k/ ko /g/ a harshen Hausa. Da zarar an ari irin waɗannan kalmomi a harshen Bade. Sautin ba ya sauyawa akan furta sauti /n/ ɗin ne maimakon [ŋ].

Ga yadda dokar take kasancewa kamar haka:

Sautin baƙi bahaƙeba ya nashewa in ya bayyana a tsakanin wasali da baƙi.

Kore Leɓantawa

Sani (2012) cewa ya yi leɓantawa ita ce ƙarawa furucin baƙi kewayen leɓɓa kamar furucin /k/ da /g/ da /ƙ/ zuwa [kᵂ] da [gᵂ] da [ƙᵂ]. Kafin wasulan ƙurya /u, u:/ da /o, o:/. Ya ci gaba da cewa, “a wasu lokuta ‘yan hanɗa /k/da /ƙ /da /g/ nesuke rasa leɓantawar tasu.

Ana samun wannan yanayin na kore leɓantawa a kalmoin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade. Memakon a samu leaɓtawa in buƙatar hakan ta tasoko kuma a samu canjin wani sauti na baƙi ko wasali sai a bar sautin haka nan ba tare da leɓantawar ba. Ga misali:

Hausa	Bade
Kwàndóo /kᵂandᵂo:/	kàndáu [kandau]
Kòbóo /kᵂòbᵂo:/	kàbàu [kabau]
Sàbóon /saƙᵂo:n/	sàbáan [sàbáan]
Ƙòoƙóon /ƙᵂo:ƙᵂo:n/	ƙòoƙáan [ƙo:ƙáan]

A misalan da aka bayyana a sama, an nuna yadda ake samun leɓantawa na wasu baƙeƙe da zaran sun gabaci wasulan ƙurya. Sai daileɓantawar na zama an kore ta idan an ari kalmar a harshen Bade.

Ga yadda dokar za ta kasance:

Leɓantawa kan zamo kore leɓantawa a farkon kalma ko a ƙarshen kalma.

Shafe Baƙi

Abdurrahaman da wasu (2014) sun bayyana cewa, “shafe baƙi yana ɗaya daga cikin rassan tsarin sauti. Yanayi ne da ake shafe baƙi a wasu mahallai na kalma. Muhammad (2018) da yake bayani a kan harshen Kanuri ya bayyana cewa shafe baƙi yana cikin rassan tsarin sauti. Yanyi ne da ke ɗauke da shafe sautin baƙi ko ɓacewarsa a takanin wasula.

A furucin kalmomin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade, ana samun wannan lamari. Domin kuwa, ana shafe baƙi a yayin furucin kalmomi Hausa a harshen na Bade a sanadiayr aro. Ga misali:

Hausa	Bade
Állúráa /allura:/	álúráa [alura:]
Másùncíi /masunʧi:/	másùcíi [masuʧi:]
Wáccàn /waʧʧan/	wácàn [waʧan]
Ƙártáí /ƙartai/	ƙátáí [ƙatai]
Wánnán /wannan/	wánán [wanan]

Misalan da aka bayar a sama sun nuna cewar ana samun shafewar baƙi a furucin wasu kalmomin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade. Mafiya yawancin baƙaƙen, akan shafe su ne a tsakiyar kalma. Hakan kuma ba ya canja ma’anar kalmar ta asaali.

Ga dokar kamar haka:

Sautin baƙi yakan shafe wa a tsakanin wasali da baƙi.

Shafe Wasali

Shi kuma wannan wani yanayi ne da ake shafe wasali  a cikin kalma. Hartman da Stock (1972) suna da tabbacin cewar,yana ɗaya daga cikin rassan tsarin sauti. Yana tattare da shafe wasali a wasu mahallai na kalma. Sai dai Nayaya  da wasu (2020:71-77) cewa suka yi, “shafe wasali wani yanayi ne na tsarin sauti da ake ƙira phonological processes a Turance. Wanda akasari yana faruwa ne domin samun sauƙin lafazi da kuma samun daidaito wajen tsirar da wani lafazin.

Haka lamarin ke taka rawa yau da gobe, a sanadiyar kalmomin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade. A wasu lukuta a wannan yanayin aron yana zuwa ba na kai tsaye ba ne. aron aro  ne. Ga misali:

Hausa	Bade
Hánkálìi /haŋkali:/	Hánkál [haŋkal]
Ámànáa /amana:/	Ámàn [aman]
Bàzàwáaráa /bazawar:/	Bàzàwáar [bazawar]
Mízáanìi /miza:ni:/	Mízáan [miza:n]
Àlƙáwàríi /alƙawari:/	àlƙáwàr [alƙæwar]

Misalan da aka bayar a sama sun fito da cewar, ana samun shafewar wasali a ƙarshen kalma idan aka are ta a harshen Bade. Shafewar na kasancewa a ƙarshen kalmar da aka are ta.

Ga yadda dokar za ta kasance

Ana shafe wasali a ƙarshen kalma

Canjin Wasali

Wannan wani yanayi da ake samun canjin wasali  a harshe.a wasu lokuta a sanadiyar Karin harshe sai samu canjin wasali a harshe guda. Wani lokaci kuma aron kalma kan haifar da canjin baƙin.Mathews (1974) cewa ya yi wannan ya shafi yadda wani wasali ke canjawa zuwa wani wasalin.

Wannan lamarin na kasancewa a cikin kalmomin Hausa na aro a harshen Bade.  Idan an ari kalmomin daga harshen Hausa, nan take ba da ɓata lokaci ba sai a samu canjin.  Ga misali:

Hausa	Bade
Báatìr /ba:tir/	Báatùr [ba:tur]
Sírdìi /sirdi:/	Súrdìi [sirdi:]
Kìndìrmóo /kindirmo:/	Kùndìrmóo [kandirmo:]
Mírfíi /mirfi:/	mùrfíi [mirfi:]

Wannan misalan da aka zayyana a sama, sun fito da yadda wasula kan canjawa ya zuwa wasu wasalan. Hakan na faruwa ne a dalilin aron kalmomin Hausa a harshen Bade. Maimakon a shafe wasalin, a wannan mahallin wasalin canjawa yake yi a harshen Karɓa (Bade).                  

Ga yadda dokar za ta kasance:

Canjin Baƙi

Wannan wani yanayi ne da ke ɗauke da canjin furucin baƙi a cikin kalma.Nazir (2012) ya bayyana cewa, ana samun ‘yan bambance-bambance da canjin baƙi, yayin furucin kalmomin Sakkwatanci da Zamfaranci.Hakan na faruwa ne a furucin wasu sautika, a sakamakon aron kalma daga Hausa a harshen Bade. Ga misali:

Hausa	Bade
Ƙárfèe /ƙarfe:/	Ƙárpèe [ƙarpe:]
Fánkòo /faŋko:/	pánkòo [paŋko:]
Fámfòo /famfo:/	pámpòo [pampo:]
Fásfòo /fasfo:/	páspòo [paspo:]
Kóofìi /ko:fi:/	kóopìi [ko:pi:]

Waɗanan misalan kuwa suna bayyana yadda ake samun canjin baƙi idana aka areshi a harshen Bade daga Hausa. Misali leɓe-haure /f/ kan canjawa ya koma baleɓe marar ziza [p]. Canjin na byyana a farko ko tsakiya ko ƙarshen kalmar aron.

Ga yadda dokar za ta kasance:

Leɓe haure yana canjawa ya zamo baeɓe aa farkon kalma ko a tsakanin baƙi da wasali.

Naɗewa

Wannan takardar da fito da kalmomin Hausa ne aro a harshen Bade ta fuskar tsarin sauti. Kamar yadda aka sani ne cuɗanya ita ceke haifar da aro. Al’ummun biyu sun jima suna cuɗanya a tsakaninsu. Nazarin a fito da yadda in an ari sauti mai ziza a harshen Bade, zai iya canjaw ya koma mai ziza. Kamar yadda /s/ marar ziza ke koma wa [z] mai ziza. Haka ganɗantaccen baganɗe ke komawa baganɗe idan an ari kalmar a harshen Hausa. Kazalia bincikken ya fito da yadda ake samun canjin wasali da canjin baƙi da shafe wasali a ƙarshen kalma duka sanadiyar aro. Daga harshen Hausa zuwa harshen Bade. Ga misali kalmar alƙawari tana komawa alƙawar idan an are ta a harshen Bade

Manazarta

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