Bambanci Da Kamanci Tsakanin Karin Harshen Sakkwatanci Da Katsinanci (4)

Kudin Kammala Karatun Digiri Na Farko (B.A. Hausa) Da Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Bambanci Da Kamanci Tsakanin Karin Harshen Sakkwatanci Da Katsinanci (4)

NA

NAZIRU MUHAMMAD ALKALI

BABI NA UKU

JUMLOLI A KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI   

3.0    SHIMFIɗA

Wannan babi shi ne babin da ya ke ɗauke da nazari kan karin harshen Sakkwatanci, kuma a cikin sa ne za a ga ire-iren kalmomi da jumlolin da karin harshen Sakkwatanci yake da su. Waɗanda suka haɗa da azuzuwan kalmomi da Sassauƙar jumla a karin harshen Sakkwatanci, da kuma jumlar tambaya da ta umarni, tare da jumlar korewa duk  a  cikin karin harshen Sakkwatanci. Za a kawo su ne kamar yadda aka kawo na daidaitacciyar Hausa a babi na biyu. Kafin a yi duk waɗannan bayanan sai an waiwayi abin da masana suka ce game da karin harshen Sakkwatanci.

3.1    KARIN HARSHEN  SAKKWATANCI

Idan ana maganar karin harshen Sakkwatanci za a ga cewa karin harshe ne mai babban kaso wanda ya ƙunshi karuruwan harsunan yammacin ƙasar Hausa. Idan aka yi la’akari da ra’ayoyin wasu daga cikin masana waɗanda ke ganin cewa, karin harshe ya kasu kashi biyu wato Karin harshen gabas wanda ya ƙunshi Kananci, Zazzaganci, Katsinanci da makamantansu, sai kuma karin harshen yamma wanda ya ƙunshi Sakkwatanci, Kabanci, Zamfaranci, Arewanci, da sauran kare-karen harshen yamma. Saboda kasancewar garin Sakkwato a matsayin babbar mahaɗa ga sauran karuruwan harsunan yamma. Saboda haka sai masana ilimin kimiyyar nazarin harshe suka zaɓi karin harshen Sakkwatanci ya zama jagora ga sauran karuruwan harshen Hausa da suke da alaƙa da juna ta fuskar furuci da tsarin sauti da yanayin gini jumla da ma’ana. Akan samu dangantaka ta fagen karin harshe da al’adu da auratayya, addini da kuma kasuwanci. Wasu kaɗan daga cikin masanan da suka tofa albarkacin bakinsu game da karin harshen Sakkwatanci su ne:

Hamma'ali, (1985), ya nuna cewa "Sakkwatanci Karin harshe ne na Sakkwato. An samo kalmar Sakkwatanci ne daga sunan garin Sakkwato. Sakkwatanci karin harshe ne na mutanen Sakkwato. Sai dai kuma ba ana nufin Jihar Sakkwato gaba ɗaya ba. Wasu na ganin tsagwaron Sakkwatawa su ne, waɗanda ke garuruwan da ke kusa da Sakkwato, wato Zamfarawa, Kabawa da Arawa, musamman waɗanda aka kafa ko ciyar da su gaba, bayan jihadi.

Wasu masana na ganin cewa, Sakkwatanci karin harshe ne na mulki. Dalilin da ya sa suke ganin Sakkwatanci a matsayin karin harshe na mulki shi ne, saboda kasancewar Sakkwato cibiyar daular Usmaniyya. Wadda bayan ƙare jihadi ita ce ke faɗa a ji a ƙasar Hausa, har zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka. Bisa la’akari da ra’ayin wannan manazarci ana iya cewa karin harshen Sakkwatanci ya samo asali ne daga ginuwar garin Sakkwato a zamanin jihadin Shehu ɗanfodiyo, inda aka zaɓi garin Sakkwato don ya zama babbar fadar mulki ta masu jihadi. Wannan zaɓen da aka yi wa Sakkwato sai ya samar da dama ga mutanen garin Sakkwato na mallakar kalmomi da ƙwayoyin sautukan sauran kare-karen harshen da suke maƙwabtaka da garin Sakkwaton wajen ginin kalma da samar da jumla zuwa fahimtar ma’ana da take ƙunshe cikin zantukan yau da kullum.

3.2 KALMOMIN KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI

Waɗannan kalmomi da za a gabatar a nan kalmomi ne, da ake tattaunawa a kan su cikin shirin zauren Sakkwatanci na gidan rediyo vision F.M. waɗannan kalmomin za a adana su ne don gudun salwantar su nan gaba. Ga jerin kalmomin:

 Kalmomin Sakkwatanci Ma’ana a Daidaitacciyar Hausa

Al’amurra                                                              al’amura

Agalemi                                                                buzu

Akaihwa                                                               farce

Alkwato                                                      dodonkoɗI Alloba                                                         annoba

Anka                                                                    aka

Arbiƙi                                                        unguwarzoma

Assibit                                                                  asabar

Awo                                                                     Ee

Batu                                                                      magana

Basilla                                                                   allura

Biɗa                                                                    nema

Burgu                                                                   gafiya

Bugu                                                                    duka

Rwarwaka                                                             raraka

Hwara                                                                   fara

Wanga                                                                  wannan

Wargi                                                                   wasa

Shigihwa                                                              ɗaki

Biɗa                                                                    nema

Ragaita                                                                 shiririta

3.2.1 KALMOMI MASU BAMBANCIN FURUCI AMMA MA’ANA ɗAYA

Bargery (1934) shi ne ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo waɗannan kalmomin na Sakkwatanci tare da kwatanta su da na Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Saboda haka, ga wasu kaɗan daga cikin su bisa tsarin gidan rediyon Vision F.M. tare da ma’anar su cikin daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga misalin su:

Karin Harshen Sakkwatanci                    Katsinanci

Agalemi                                                                buuzuu

Alkwatoo                                                              Koɗi

Akaihwa                                                               Farcee

Arbiiƙii                                                      Unguwarzoma

Badaraa                                                                 Tsuntsu

Bagajaa                                                       Kwatamii

Bundii                                                         Wutsiyaa

ɓartakee                                                     Abaawaa

ɓaaci                                                                    Zaagi

ɓaace-ɓaace                                                        zage-zage

Hwarcee                                                                Yaatsaa

Gambuu                                                               ƙyaure

Gulbii                                                                   Koogii

Gujjiyaa                                                                Gyaɗa

Guroo                                                          Kuɓeewaa

Gidan bisa                                                             Beenee

Habɗii                                                                 Tookaa

3.2.2  KALMOMI MASU MA’ANA ɗAYA, AMMA SAUTI BAMBAN

A nan ƙasa, in an za a ga Sakkwatatun kalmomi waɗanda ma’anarsu ɗaya da na Daidaitacciyar Hausa, amma sautin su ya bambanta da na Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga misalan kaɗan daga cikin su:

Sakkwatanci                                        Daidaitacciyar Hausa    

Allooba                                             Annooba

Al’amurraa                                        Al’amura

Attanin                                              Litinin

Anguwaa                                           Unguwaa

Assibit                                               Asabar

Bahwaadee                                        Bafaade

Busshiyaa                                          Bishiya

Bukii                                                 Bikii

Ciyyoo                                              Ciiwoo

Jibjii                                                  Juujii

Laahiyaa                                            Laafiyaa

Laƙyas                                             Laƙwas

Lallai                                                 Lalle

Mussai                                               Mushee

Sabkaa                                               Saukaa

Saashee                                              Saashi

Shibkaa                                             Shuukaa

Shidda                                               Shida

Sihilii                                                Sifirii

Suuraa                                               Suumaa

Swaɓaanii                                         Saaɓaanii

Swaahwaa                                         Saafaa

Sakkwatanci yakan yi amfani da waɗansu kalmomi waɗanda shi kaɗai ya keɓanta da su, sai wasu daga cikin kare-karen harshen yammaci wato ‘yan dangin Sakkwatanci, waɗanda su ma ba kowace kalma ce daga cikin kalmomin suke amfani da ita ba. Amma wannan ba ya haddasa bambancin ma’ana a kan ire-iren waɗannan kalmomi da sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa ke amfani da su.

Wannan na nufin idan Sakkwatanci ya yi amfani da wata kalma, to akwai irinta a Daidaitacciyar Hausa da sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa sai dai akan sami bambancin ƙwayoyin sautuka a tsakanin su. Sannan kalmar ba ta da bambancin ma’ana da takwarar ta, da ke samu a cikin sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa ko a Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Alal misali, Sakkwatanci yakan yi amfani da kalmar ‘katattara’ wato wani sashe na ƙafar mutum mai tattare da nama, wanda ya taso daga guiwa zuwa ɗuwawu). Amma a Daidaitacciyar Hausa da wasu kare-karen harshen Hausa sukan yi amfani da kalmar ‘cinya’ a maimakon katattara. A nan, ma’anar katattara da cinya ba bambanci. Akan iya a sami bambancin tsarin kalmomin, amma ma’anarsu ɗaya. Ko kuma bambancin furuci, amma ma’ana ɗaya tsakanin Sakkwatanci da Daidaitacciyar Hausa ko ma da sauran kare-karen harshen gabashi.

3.3 JUMLOLIN KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI

A babi na biyu an kawo nau’o’in jumlar daidaitacciyar Hausa, tare da misalan su, har nazarin ya fitar da tsarin azuzuwan kalmomin da kowace jumla ta ƙunsa. A wannan babin an kawo jerin wasu daga cikin kalmomi mallakar karin harshen Sakkatanci tare da taƙaitaccen bayani dangane da karin harshen Sakkwatancin kansa. Sannan an waiwayi yadda tsarin nau’o’in ginin jumlolin karin harshen Sakkwatanci tare da nazartar su daki-daki. Ga yadda nazarin ya gudana:

3.3.1 SASSAUƘAR JUMLA A  KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI

Kamar yadda Sassauƙar Jumlar daidaitacciyyar Hausa ta ƙunshi yankin Suna da kuma abin da aka faɗi a game da suna; haka ma Sassauƙar jumlar Sakkwatanci ta ƙunshi yankin suna da kuma yankin abin da aka faɗi a game da suna. Misali wasu daga cikin jumlolin Sakkwatanci.

a-       Bala            ya      c         canye         abinci.

<sub>Sn aik             maf     lokt           Aik                       Sn ƙb

                S                                                              A                               K</sub>

 

 

b-      Musa na      ya      s        sha              ruwa

                <sub>Sn aik                      maf    lokt                Aik                          Snƙb

S                                                              A                               K</sub>

c-       Musa           ya      k     kaama     Zaki

<sub>Sn aik                        maf     lokt             Aik          Sn ƙb

S                                                              A                 K</sub>

 

d-      Ali              ya      k     kashe    Kare

<sub>Sn aik                        maf     lokt             Aik          Sn ƙb

                S                                                              A                K</sub>

 

3.2.2 JUMLAR  TAMBAYA

Jumlar tambaya ita ce jumlar da ake yi domin tambaya. Saboda haka Sakkwatanci yakan canja wasu daga cikin kalmomin na tambaya, amma kuma wasu basu canjawa, kamar yadda daidaitacciyar Hausa take faɗinsu haka Sakkwatanci shi ma yake faɗinsu. Ga wasu daga cikinsu.

 

• Shi ina Maryam tat tahi ?

 

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• Shin waa aŋ   ka   aika ?

 

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• Shin yaushee na za  a  dawo  wa aiki ?

 

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• Shin ƙaƙaa za  a  yi  ?

 

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• Yayaa Audu   yah  hwaɗi  jarabawa ?

 

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• Mii Ali  yas  saye ?

 

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• Wa suŋka  zo  ɗazu ?

 

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3.2.3 JUMLAR  UMARNI

Jumlar umurni kamar sauran jumloli ita ma jumlar umurni ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci daidai take da jumlar umurni ta daidaitacciyar Hausa. Haka ma takan zo da kalma ɗaya rak, a matsayin jumla, kuma ta ba da ma'ana cikakkiya, kalmar da take zuwa da ita, itace kalmar aikatau. Ga kaɗan daga cikin misalan jumlar umurni a karin harshen Sakkwatanci.

 

1. Ali tashi !

 

2. Kabiru rubuta !

 

3. Musa Karanta !

 

Haka jumlar ya kamata ta kasance amma saboda wasu dalilai sai ta koma kamar haka:

Misali:

Tashi !

Rubuta !

Karanta !

 

3.2.4 JUMLAR  KOREWA

Jumlar korewa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci ita ma daidai take da jumlar korewa ta Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Sai dai kuma ita wannan jumlar ta korewa ta ɗan bambanta da ta daidaitacciyar Hausa a wasu baƙaƙen haruffa na Sakkatanci da suka saɓa da na daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga wasu daga cikin su:

 

1. Baa Ali     yas     sayee ba.

 

2. Rabi ba      ta       tahi    makaranta    ba.

 

3. Baa kuɗɗi                 banki.

 

4. Agwagwa ba      ta       tashi   sama  sosai.

 

5. Baabu ruwa            a        randa.

 

6. bai dace   a        hana  bara   ba.

 

7. Kaada kaa    tahi/kar        ka a    tahi.

 

3. 3 NAɗEWA

 

Wannan babi wato babi na uku inda aka bayyana karin harshen Sakkwatanci a bisa ra’ayoyin masana da kuma ire-iren jumlar Hausa karin harshen Sakkwatanci, tare kuma da kawo wasu misalai daga ciki. A sassauƙar jumlar Hausa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci an yi bayani cewa ita ma jumlar ta ƙumshi yanki biyu wato yankin suna da kuma yankin abin da aka faɗi a game da suna, haka ita ma jumlar karin harshen Sakkwatanci tana bias tsarin S.A.K, kamar haka sassauƙar jumlar daidaitacciyar Hausa. Jumlar tambaya ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci ita ma kamar jumlar tambaya take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa, jumla ce da ake yi domin tambaya. Jumlar umurni ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci, ita ma kamar jumlar umurni take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa, ana gina ta ne akan umurni. Jumlar korewa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci, ita ma kamar jumlar korewa take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa, ana gina ta ne a kan korewa sai dai ta bambanta da ta daidaitacciyar Hausa kaɗan.