Ingausar Yarbawa Da Hausawa A Garin Gusau, Jihar Zamfara (4)

Kundin Binciken Neman Digirin Farko (B.A Hausa) Wanda Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.

Ingausar Yarbawa Da Hausawa A Garin Gusau, Jihar Zamfara (4)

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ADAMU SANI

BABI NA UKU

GUSAU TA SAMBO

3.0 SHIMFIƊA

Wannan babi zai yi magana ne a kan garin Gusau, dangane da tarihin kafuwar garin, yanayin garin, mazaunan farko na garin, da tattalin arzikin mutanen garin, addininsu da kuma zuwan Yarbawa garin da yadda mu’amularsu ta kasance, da kuma yadda harshen Hausa da al’adunsa suka yi naso ga rayuwar Yarbawan garin Gusau.

 

3.1 TAƘAITACCEN TARIHIN GUSAU

A can da, ɓangaren da Gusau take yanzu ya zauna ne a ƙarƙashin mulkin daular Katsina ta Gabas wanda ubandawakin Katsina yake zaune a birnin ‘Yandoto yana kula da garuruwan da ke Katsina ta yamma. A wajen ƙarni na goma sha bakwai (17) zuwa na sha takwas garin ‘Yandoton ya zama birni babba wanda mutane daga wurare daban-daban suke zuwa ɗaukan karatu da kuma harkokin kasuwanci a cikinsa. Don haka, garin ya ƙunshi manyan malamai da ɗalibai da sauran mutane masu zuwa ɗaukan karatu ko kuma bayar da shi. Sai ‘Yandoto ta zama jami’a inda mutane suke haɗuwa don ƙarawa juna ilimi.

 

Alhaji Mustapha (Mahaifin Alhaji Umaru) da malam Abdulrahaman (Mahaifin mal. Ashafa) Fulani ne waɗanda suka zo ‘Yandoton suka zauna tare da dukkan iyalansu da nufin jiran bayyanar Shehu Usman da suka sami labarinsa tun da daɗewa. Waɗannan Fulani sun sanya hulɗar auratayya tsakanin junansu bayan kasancewarsu ‘yan’uwa makusanta. Ta hanyar aure ce aka haɗa Aminatu ‘Yar Alhaji Umaru aure da mal. Ashafa, sai suka sami haihuwar malam Muhammad Sambo.

 

A wajen shekara ta (1774 – 5) Shaihu Usmanu ya fara karantarwa da wa’azi a Degal inda aka samu mutane da yawa suka ɗinga zuwa ɗaukar karatu a wajensa. Daga cikinsu akwai Alhaji Umaru da jikansa Malam Muhammad Sambo ɗan Ashafa. Tun lokacin da Alhaji Umaru da Malam Muhammad Sambo da Sauran jama’arsu suka nuna goyon baya da yarda ga wa’azin Shaihu Usmanu, sai mutanen ‘Yandoto, musamman haɓe suka hana su zaman garin.

 

Saboda tsanantawa sai Malam Muhammad Sambo ya yi hijira daga garin na ‘Yandoto zuwa wani wuri gab da gulbin Sakkwato ya kafa birnin. Wannan ita ce hijira ta farko da malam Muhammad Sambo ɗan Ashafa ya yi da jama’arsa a wajen (1799). Amma a wancan lokacin ba a samu zama sosai ba saboda yawan hare-hare wanda yake ba su da ƙarfin karewa, amma sai da suka shekara bakwai a wajen watau daga (1799- 1806).

 

A shekara ta (1806) M. Shahu Usmanu, ya tura ɗansa Shaihu Muhammad Bello don ya yi munazara (tattaunawa ta ilimi) da mutanen ‘Yandoto domin a tabbatar da mai gaskiya. Amma sai mutanen na ‘Yandoto suka ƙi karɓar shawarar, wanda ya kawo daidaituwar ra’ayi a yaƙi ‘Yandoto, inda aka cinye ta shekara ta (1806).

 

Bayan cinye ‘Yandoto, sai Shaihu Muhammad Bello da Umurnin Shaihu Usmanu ya raba Daular Katsina zuwa ɓangaren yamma da na gabas. Aka ba malam Muhammad Sambo izinin jihadin garuruwan da ke Katsina ta yamma watau Katsina Al-Gharbi ko Katsinan kaka. Malam Umaru Dallaje kuwa Katsina ta gabas. Daga nan sai Malam Muhamamd Sambo ɗan Ashafa ya kafa daula ƙarama ta jihadin Musulunci wanda take kula da wasu garuruwan da suke nahiyar Katsina ta yamma wadda a ƙarshe Gusau ta zama matattara.

 

Da aka cinye ‘Yandoto sai malam Muhammad Sambo ya mayar da ceɗiya ta ƙasar Tsafe sansanin yaƙinsa daga (1806 – 1811). A shekara ta (1811) ya sake komawa Birnin Gusau har zuwa shekara 1818 lokacin da suka ji labarin zuwan yaƙin Banaga ɗan Bature Sarkin Zamfaran Morai, sai suka tashi zuwa Bunguɗu suka shekara biyu daga (1818 – 1820). Sai kuma suka koma kamani a shekara ta (1820 – 1822). Daga nan M. Muhammad Sambo da Jama’arsa suka kafa garin Wonaka a shekara ta 1822. Allah ya yi wa Malam Muhammadu Sambo Ɗan Ashafa rasuwa a nan Wonaka a shekara ta (1827). Sai Sarkin Musulmi Muhammad Bello ya naɗa babban ɗanshi Mal. Sambo Sarkin Katsinan Yamma watau M. Abdulƙadiri, ya shekara talatin da uku a Wonaka (1827 -1860). Sai Sarkin Katsina na Maraɗi da Sarkin Gobir na Tsibiri suka yi niyyar su kawo yaƙi a nan Wonaka, don haka suka fita zuwa Birnin Rawayya. A Rawayya saboda wasu matsaloli Sarkin Katsinan Yamma Abdulƙadir tare da jama’arsa suka yi shawarar su koma tsohon wurinsu na Gusau. Da sannu- sannu suka dawo Gusau a zama na biyu. A shekara ta (1862) a zamanin Sarkin Musulmi Amadu ɗan Atiku.

 

A lokacin Sarkin Katsinan Gusau M. Abdulƙadir ta sami ganuwa da kuma samun cikakken tsarin zama irin na garuruwa. A zamaninsa ne ma Sarkin Maraɗi Ɗan Baskore (1953 – 73) da Sarkin yaƙinsa Kaura Hasau suka kawo yaƙi Gusau, amma Allah ya ba Gusau nasara kansu, suka kashe wasu, wasu kuma suka gudu sannan aka kama bayi har 300.

 

Gusau ta sami bunƙasa ne da shahara lokacin da ta kai tana iya kare kanta daga dukkan hare-hare da yaƙe-yaƙe, da miyagun namun daji da sauransu, sun sami wannan ƙarfi ne saboda samun isassun kayan yaƙi da mayaƙa, da dakaru, sai kuma amincewar wasu mutane baƙi waɗanda suka taimaka wa Mal. Muhammad Sambo wajen jihadin Musulunci tun kafin cinye ‘Yandoto da kuma waɗanda aka taso da su daga Rawayya. Sannan ta samu bunƙasa ta shigowar wasu mutane daga garuruwa daban-daban, tun can da har kuwa yanzu, daga cikin baƙin ƙabilun da ke zaune a garin Gusau. Sun haɗa da: Yarbawa, Igbo, Nufawa, Tibi Dakkarawa da sauransu.

A taƙaice garin Gusau gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekarar 1811, kimanin shekara 208, da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘yandoto a shekarar 1806. Garin Gusau yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jahar Zamfara a shekarar 1996.

 

Garin Gusau yana da masarauta ɗaya mai babban Sarki, akwai kuma iyayen ƙasa goma sha huɗu (14), ‘yan majalisar Sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin ɗari da huɗu (104).

 

Masarautar Gusau ta yi Sarakuna mabambanta zamuna daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da:

·         Sambo Ɗan Ashafa                          1806 – 1827

·         Malam Abdulƙadir                          1827 – 1867

·         Malam Muhammad Modibbo                   1867 – 1876

·         Malam Muhammad Tuburi                       1876 – 1887

·         Malam Muhammadu Gida                         1887 – 1900

·         Malam Muhammad Murtala                     1900 – 1916

·         Malam Muhamamd Dangida                    1916 – 1917

·         Umaru Malam                                              1917 – 1929

·         Muhammad Mai Akwai                             1929 – 1945

·         Usman S/Kudun Ɗansadau                      1943 – 1945

·         Malam Ibrahim                                            1945 – 1948

·         Malam Muhammad                                     1948 – 1951

·         Alhaji Sulaiman S/Kudun Gusau             1951 – 1984

·         Alhaji Muhammad Kabir Ɗanbaba           1984 – 2015

·         Alhaji Ibrahim Bello                        2015 – zuwa yanzu

 

3.2 YANAYIN GARIN GUSAU

Yanayin ƙasar Gusau, ƙasa ce shinfiɗaɗɗiya wadda take kan tudu, ba ta da yawan kwararra da duwarwatsu, sannan tana da yanayin ƙasa mai laka da fadama da kuma mai danba, akwai kuma inda take da jar ƙasa da wadda ba a rasa ba mai jigawa. Manyan gulabe guda biyu sune suka ratsa cikin ƙasar Gusau, akwai gulbin Sakkwato wanda ya ratso ta Ɗandume ya biyo kwaren Ganuwa da Rijiya da Gidan Fakkan da Gidan Malamai ya faɗo Gusau ya wuce zuwa Bunguɗu da Maru har ya isa Sakkwato, sai kuma gulbin Gagare watau na Wonaka wanda ya koma har ƙaura Namoda.

 

Gusau A.R, (2014), ya nuna cewa garin Gusau yana bisa kan titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya, Kilomita 179 tsakaninsa da Zariya, 210, kuma tsakaninsa da Sakkwato. Daga gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙasar Katsina, da Tsafe, daga yamma kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙasar Bunguɗu. Ta yi iyaka da ƙasar Ƙaura – Namoda ta wajen arewa, daga kudu kuwa ta yi iyaka da ƙasar Ɗansadau da kuma Tsafe.

Haka kuma garin Gusau yana da yanayin shekara guda biyu watau yanayin rani, wanda hunturu da bazara kan kutso da kuma yanayin damina da kan zo da ruwan sama.

 

3.3 MAZAUNAN FARKO NA GARIN GUSAU

Gusau S.M, da Gusau B.M (1984) sun bayyana cewa asalin mahaifin malam Muhamamd Sambo Ɗan’ashafa da Kakansa duka Fulani ne, waɗanda kuma su ne suka kafa garin Gusau, bayan yawace-yawacen da birnin ya yi sanadiyar hare-hare da ya addabe su. A shekarar (1862) zamanin Sarkin Katsinan Gusau Abdulƙadir Gusau ta sami cikakken tsaro kuma ta ci gaba da zama inda take a yau ba su yi wata ƙaura ba har ila yau.

 

Duk da cewa Fulani ne suka assasa ta, amma kuma saboda shigowar baƙi daga maƙwabtansa sai ya zamana ya rikiɗa ya koma garin Hausawa, Hausa ta zama ita ce babban harshen sadarwa tsakanin mazauna garin. Domin duk da’awar da Malam Sambo Ɗan’ashafa ya yi a farfajiyar Katsina ta yamma da harshen Hausa ya yi ta domin shi ne harshen da mutanen wurin ke amfani da shi.

 

3.4 TATTALIN ARZIKIN MUTANEN GARIN GUSAU

Tattalin arziki shi ne hanyar da mutane kan bi domin samu sauƙin gudanar da rayuwarsu dangane da abin da ya shafi saye da sayarwa da sauransu.

Gusau ta sami shahara sosai ta wajen tattalin arzikin ƙasa tun kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka noma da wasu ‘yan ƙananan sana’o’i ne abin yi, amma saboda yawan matafiya a wancan lokaci aka samu ci gaban sana’o’i kamar ɗinki, da saƙa, da jima, da ƙira da sauransu. Daga cikin waɗannan sana’o’i ne aka sami masana’antu da masu gudanar da wasu sana’o’i na gargajiya kamar maƙera, da marina da mahauta, da sauransu.

 

Akwai manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci guda huɗu da suke ɓullowa ta kowace kusurwa waɗanda ‘yan kasuwa da fatake da sauran matafiya suke shigowa Gusau da kayayyakin kasuwanci iri-iri ko fita da su daga Gusau, kamar shanu, hatsi, gero, tufafi da takin zamani da sauransu.

 

A yanzu Gusau ta bunƙasa ƙwarai da gaske ta fannin tattalin arziki domin ta sami manyan ‘yan kasuwa waɗanda suka duƙufa ainun wajen kafa kamfanonin kasuwanci da masana’antu na zamani da suka haɗa da: Gidajen ruwan leda, gidajen biredi, da kamfanonin casar shinkafa, da kamfanin gyaran audugu (kaɗa), bugu da ƙari akwai makarantun zamani na kuɗi ko masu zaman kansu, haka kuma akwai bankuna (wajen ajiya da aika saƙonnin kuɗi) da kuma gidajen kiwon kaji da samar da ƙwai da sauransu.

 

3.5 ADDININ MUTANEN GARIN GUSAU

Idan aka ce addini shi ne hanyar bauta wadda mutum ya yi imani da ita, ta hanyar bin umurni da hani na wani abin bauta, (Gobir 2017).

Addinin musulunci shi ne addinin da asalin mutanen Gusau ke bi, domin wanda ya kafa garin malam Muhammad Sambo Ɗan’ashafa a shekarar (1811) musulmi ne, haka mahaifinsa da kakansa duk suna cikin almajiran Shaihu Usman Ɗanfodiyo. Sun karantar da addinin musulunci kuma sun yi jihadi domin yaɗuwar addinin.

 

A zamanin Sambo Gusau ta zama babbar cibiya ta koyar da addinin musulunci da kuma wasu dokoki nasa. Mutane suna zuwa daga kusa da ma wurare masu nisa domin ɗaukar karatu. An gina makarantu da masallatai domin ci gaban addinin a garin Gusau.

 

Bayan wannan a shekara (1903) lokacin da Turawan mishan da na mulkin mallaka suka shigo ƙasar Hausa, an sami wata hanyar bauta ta addinin masihiyya (Kirstanci) a garin Gusau wanda a kan samu mabiya wannan addinin har ila yau.

Bugu da ƙari sanadiyar ƙaurace-ƙaurace daga maƙwabtan garin Gusau an samu mabiya addinin gargajiya a garin Gusau kamar ‘yan bori da sauransu.

Garin Gusau ya yi suna game da addinin musulunci, idan kuma aka ɗauki mazaunansa masu riƙo da addinin, domin a nan ne tsohon gwamnan farar hula na Zamfara Alhaji Ahamd Sani Yariman Bakura ya ƙaddamar da shari’ar musulunci a Jihar ta Zamfara inda Najeriya da ƙasashen duniya sunan garin da jihar ya yi fice.

3.6 ZUWAN YARBAWA GARIN GUSAU

Hijira daga wani wuri zuwa wani wuri ba baƙon abu ba ne a tarihin duniya baki ɗayanta. Kafin zuwan Yarbawa a garin Gusau an samu kwararowar baƙi daga maƙwabtan garin Gusau kamar; Kwatarkwashi, Bunguɗu, Wonaka, da sauransu.

 

A farkon ƙarni na ashirin ne aka samu kwararowar baƙi a garin Gusau, waɗanda suka bambanta ta fuskar harshe da kuma al’adun mutanen garin Gusau daga cikin ƙabilun akwai; Nufawa, Yarbawa, da Igbo, da Tibi da Igala da sauransu.

 

A shekarar (1920) ne Yarabawa suka fara zuwa Gusau a matsayin ‘yan Kasuwa, inda daga bisani suka zama mazauna garin. Baƙin sun zo ne daga ƙasashen Yarbawa mabambanta da suka haɗa da; Ilorin, Abeokuta, Ibadan, da sauransu. Baƙin sukan kawo kayan Sayarwa a Gusau kamar goro, da gishiri da Kanwa da ayaba, da sauransu. Haka kuma idan za su koma su kan sayi kaya daga nan zuwa ƙasarsu kamar fatar dabbobi, albasa, tumatur, tattasai da sauransu.

 

A shekarar (1927) an ƙara samun kwararrowar baƙin Yarbawa zuwa garin Gusau ta Sanadiyar aikin layin dogo (Hanyar Jirgin ƙasa) wanda ya ƙara haɓaka tattalin arzikin garin domin samun sauƙin sufurin mutane da kaya.

Baya ga wannan a shekarar (1960) an samu ƙarin kwararowar baƙin Yarbawa garin Gusau sanadiyar buɗe kamfanin masaƙa da aka yi wanda ya bai wa Yarbawa da dama gurabun ayuka, kuma suka cakuɗu da Hausawan da ke aiki a kamfanin da ma wajen kamfanin a unguwannin Gusau daban-daban.

 

Haka kuma akwai Yarbawan da suka zo Gusau ta sanadiyar ziyarar ‘yan uwansu da abokai da suke nan Gusau, daga nan suma suka maƙale suka zama mazauna Gusau (Tosin 2019).

 

Baya ga wannan akwai Yarbawan da ke zaune a garin Gusau waɗanda, suka zo ta sanadiyar aikin yi wa ƙasa hidima (NYSC), sai suka kasa komawa ƙasashensu domin rayuwa da yanayin garin Gusau ya yi musu.

 

Sai kuma ɗaiɗaiku waɗanda aiki ya kawo su kama tun daga aikin kamfanoni lokacin turawan mulkin mallaka kamar kamfanin (Royar Niger Company) da aiki irin na Gwamnatin tarayya wanda yakan kai ma’aikata sassan Najeriya daban-daban. A taƙaice waɗannan su ne dalilan da suka kawo zuwan Yarbawa a garin Gusau.

3.7 MU’AMULAR YARBAWA DA HAUSAWAN GUSAU 

An samu mu’amula ta cuɗeni-in- cuɗe-ka tsakanin al’ummar Yarbawa da kuma Hausawa mazauna garin Gusau ta ɓangarrori da dama, wanda kuma wannan hulɗa ta taimaki dukkan ɓangarorin biyu, domin ci gaban rayuwarsu, daga cikin ɓangarorin da mu’amular ta taka rawa akwai;

Babban abin da ya kawo mu’amula ta kusa tsakanin Yarbawa da Hausawan Gusau ita ce, ta harshe wato koyon harshen Hausa da su baƙin Yarbawan ke ƙoƙarin yi tsakaninsu da Hausawa, kuma suka iya inda wasu daga cikinsu suka zama kamar Hausawa ta fuskar amfani da harshen Hausa.

 

Bayan wannan kuma, ‘ya’ya Yarbawa suna ƙulla alaƙa ta abokantaka da ‘ya’yan Hausawan da suke zaune da su. Wanda yanayin wurin zama kan haddasa dangantaka tsakanin Hausawa da Yarbawan da ke zaune sabon Gari, Birnin Ruwa, Bakin Kasuwa, da Sauransu.

 

Haka kuma an samu mu’amula ta ƙut-da-ƙut tsakanin Yarbawan Gusau da Hausawa. Wannan mu’amula ta shafi lamarin mulki wanda Yarbawa suna da nasu tsarin mulki, amma duk da haka, suna ƙarƙashin Sarkin Katsinan Gusau domin su ƙungiya ce ta wani yare wadda ke zaune a Gusau, dole sai an samu tattaunawa tsakaninsu da masarautar Gusau.

 

Hulɗar cinikayya kamar yadda aka faɗa a baya, Yarbawan Farko da suka zo Gusau sun zo ne ta sanadiyar kasuwanci, wanda yake mataki na musaya tsakanin Hausawa da Yarbawa. Daga cikin abubuwan da Yarbawa kan sayarwa Hausawan Gusau akwai; Kanwa, gishiri, goro da sauransu, Yarbawa kan sayi albasa, tattasai, dabbobi, fatar dabbobi da sauransu. Saboda haka kasuwanci ya zama wata muhimmiyar mu’amular Hausawa da Yarbawan garin Gusau.

 

Neman ilimi ya kawo cuɗanya tsakanin Hausawa da Yarbawan garin Gusau, domin makarantun garin Gusau na ilimin zamani da na addini duk a cakuɗe ake tsakanin ‘ya’yan Hausawa da na Yarbawa. Misali Makarnatar Ansaruddini, sabon Garin Gusau, makarnatar Yarbawa ce, amma ɗaliban da ke karatu a sashen Islamiyya a iya yin raba daidai ko kuma Hausawa su fi yawa. Da wannan za mu iya cewa neman ilimi ya kawo cuɗanya tsakanin Hausawa da Yarbawan garin Gusau.

 

Bugu da ƙari aikin gwamnati ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen mu’amular Hausawan Gusau da Yarbawan garin waje ɗaya domin gudanar da ayukan ci gaban ƙasa. Yarbawa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagen ilimin garin Gusau domin akan same su a makarantu daban-daban na garin Gusau, sai kuma ɗaiɗaiku a wasu ma’aikatun waɗanda ba makarantu ba kuma har yanzu ana samunsu kuma ana mu’amula da su.

 

Sana’o’i sun taimaka wajen hulɗar Hausawa da Yarbawan Gusau, kama daga sana’o’in hannu kamar kanikanci (gyran mota da mashin), sana’ar kafinta, ɗinkin tela da sauransu. Waɗannan sana’o’in hannu sun taimaka wajen hulɗar ƙabilun biyu a garin Gusau. Haka kuma ana kai ‘ya’yan Hausawa wajen Yarbawa koyon sana’a kafin ‘yan gida su yawaita ga sana’o’in. Waɗannan da makarantansu ne suka kawo mu’amuloli mabanbanta tsakanin Hausawan Gusau da abokan zama Yarbawan garin Gusau.

 

3.8 TASIRIN HARSHEN HAUSA DA AL’ADUNSA GA YARBAWAN GUSAU

Harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa sun yi naso ga Yarbawan garin Gusau ta sanadiyar abubuwa daban-daban da suka haɗa da:

 

Harshen Hausa ya yi matuƙar tasiri ga al’ummar Yarbawan garin Gusau inda wasun su da dama sun kusa komawa Hausawa ta fuskar harshe domin Hausa ta yi tasirin da tana so ta rinjayi harsunan uwa, domin a kan iya samun wasu kalmomi waɗanda ba ya iya amfani da su cikin magana ko da, da Yarbanci yake magana sai dai ya yi amfani da na Hausa.

 

Ta fuskar sutura, kuwa Yarbawan Gusau sun gauraya da Hausawan Gusau domin yanzu suna saka tufafi irin na Hausawa da suka ƙunshi babbar riga da hula ƙube, ko mu- haɗu-banki. Haka kuma sukan sanya dogayen kaftanai irin na al’adar mutanen garin Gusau. Ta fuskar zamananci kuwa, matasan Yarbawa ba kasafai suke saka tufafin al’adarsu ba, sai dai can ba a rasa ba.

 

Babbar al’adar da ta nashe Yarbawan Gusau ita ce auratayya wadda kan faru tsakanin ƙabilun biyu, an samu auratayya da dama wanda Bahaushe kan auri Bayaraba, idan sun sami ‘ya’ya sai ka ga harshen Hausa ya rinjaya ga yaran da aka haifa.

 

Haka kuma ta fuskar al’adun da suka shafi abinci Yarbawan Gusau sun tasirantu da abincin gargajiya na Hausawa suna amfani da su domin buƙatun yau da kullum, abinci irin su; Tuwon dawa, dambu, ɗanwake, da fura da sauransu.

 

3.9 NAƊEWA

Daga ƙarshe wannan babi ya yo tsokaci game da kafuwar garin Gusau a (1811), bayan cinye daular ‘Yandoto a (1806), da kuma irin sarakunan da suka muki garin har zuwa yau. Haka kuma an yi tsokaci a kan yanayin garin Gusau da tattalin arzikinsa. Da hanyar bautar mutanen garin, da kuma bayyanar baƙin haure a garin musmaman Yarbawa, da mu’amularsu da ‘yan gida da kuma irin tasirantuwa da harshe da al’adun mutanen Gusau da Yarbawan suka yi, sai kuma naɗewa da ta zo daga ƙarshe.